Hoa Reviewer with Quiz

8/17/2019 Hoa Reviewer with Quiz

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1 In Egyptian architecture, the tomb of the pharaohs is the.

2 The great pyramid at Gizeh was built during the 4th dynasty by.

The beginner of the great hypostyle hall at !arna! and the founder of the 1"th dynasty.

4 The mineral of greatest importance to Gree! architecture of which Greece and her

domains had ample supply of was.

# Gree! architecture was essentially.

$ %orming the imposing entrance to the acropolis and erected by the architect &nesiclesis the.

' The building in the acropolis generally considered as being the most nearly perfect

building e(er erected is the.

) *ith the use of concrete made possible by pozzolan, a nati(e natural cement, the

" +omans achie(ed huge interiors with the.

1 *hich of the order was added by the +omans to the orders used by the Gree!s.

11 %rom the #th century to the present, the character of -yzantine architecture is the

practice of using.

12 The finest and remaining eample of -yzantine architecture.

1 The architectural character of the +omanes/ue architecture is.14 +omanes/ue architecture in Italy is distinguished from that of the rest of Europe by the

use of what material for facing walls.

1# The most famous and perfect preser(ation of all ancient buildings in +ome.

1$ The space between the colonnade and the naos wall in Gree! temple.

1' 0mphitheaters are used for .

1) 0n ancient Gree! ortico, a long colonnaded shelter used in public places.

1" The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Gree! 3ity.

2 0n upright ornament at the ea(es of a tile roof, concealing the foot of a row of con(e

tiles that co(er the oints of the flat tiles.

21 5trictly, a pedestal at the corners or pea! of a roof to support an ornament, more usually,

the ornament itself.

22 0lso called a 67oneysuc!le6 ornament.

2 In ancient Greece and +ome, a storeroom of any !ind, but especially for storing wine.

24 The characteristic of Gree! ornament.

2# The use of for facing walls distinguishes +omanes/ue architecture in Italy from that

of the rest of Europe.

2$ The outstanding group of +omanes/ue is found in .

2' The dining hall in a monastery, a con(ent, or a college.

2) The architecture of the cur(ed line is !nown as .

2" The open court in an Italian palazzo.

The ornamental pattern wor! in stone, filling the upper part of a Gothic window.

1 8apanese tea house.

2 0 &uslim temple, a mos/ue for public worship, also !nown as place for prostration.

9omical mound containing a relic.

4 Ifugao house :southern strain;.

# In &esopotamian architecture, religion called for temples made of sun<dried bric!s.

$ The style of the order with massi(e and tapering columns resting on a base of steps.

' Tomb of the pharaohs.



) Earthen burial mounds containing upright and lintel stones forming chambers for

consecuti(e burials for se(eral to a hundred persons.

" 0 semi<circular or semi<polygonal space, usually in church, terminating in ais and

intended to house an altar.

4 Temples in Greece that ha(e a double line of columns surrounding the naos.

41 5enate house for chief dignitaries in Gree! architecture

42 0rchitect of the Einstein Tower.4 %ounder of the -auhaus 5chool of 0rt.

44 *hat architectural term is termed to be free from any historical style=

4# %rom what architecture is the 0ng!or >at=

4$ The architect of 3hrysler building in ?.@.

4' 0nother term for crenel or inter(als between merlon of a battlement.

4) Ta &ahal temple is located in .

4" In the middle !ingdom, in Egyptian architecture, who consolidate the administrati(e

system, made a sur(ey of the country, set boundaries to the pro(inces, and other helpful

wor!s.

# *ho erected the earliest !nown obelis! at 7eliopolis.#1 8ubilee festi(als of the pharaohs.

#2 The world6s first large<scale monument in stone.

# The highest sloped pyramid in Gizeh

#4 0 (ault created when two barrel (aults intersect at the right angles.

## 5arimano! is a dAcor reflecting the culture of the .

#$ 3aryatid porch is from what architecture=

#' %emale statues with bas!ets ser(ing as columns.

#) 0 small tower usually corbelled at the corner of the castle.

#" 0 hall built in +oman Empire for the administration of ustice.

$ The arthenon is from what architecture.

$1 0 roof in which 4 faces rests diagonally between the gables and con(erge at the roof.

$2 0 compound brac!et or capital in 8apanese architecture.

$ 0 conca(e molding approimately /uarter round.

$4 0rchitect of Iglesia ni 3risto.

$# 0 %ilipino architect whose philosophy is 6the structure must be well oriented6.

$$ *hat is not re/uired as a feature in modern &uslim mos/ue.

$' 0rchitect of +obinson6s Galleria

$) &aor contribution of the +enaissance 0rchitecture.

$" B0 house is li!e a flower potB

' +ichly car(ed coffins of Greece and &esopotamia.

'1 Cing Doser6s architect who was deified in the 2$th dynasty.

'2 The council house in Greece.

' Elizabethan 0rchitecture is from what architecture.

'4 0rt ?o(eau style first appeared in what structure.

'# 0 faced without columns or pilaster in renaissance architecture.

'$ 0rt ?o(eau is !nown as the international style, in Germany it is !nown as .

'' ess is more.

') %irst school which offered architecture in the hilippines.



'" Embrasures.

) %ormal architecture, one of the principles of composition.

)1 9ifferent historical styles combined.

)2 0rchitect of T*0 airport.

) The falling water by %ran! loyd *right is also !nown as .

)4 %irst president and founder of 05.

)# B&odern architecture need not be westernB.)$ 0rchitect of the national library, hilippines.

)' The eres hall of hundred columns was introduced during the &esopotamian

architecture, which palace was it used.

)) Ta &ahal is a building eample of what architecture.

)" The con(e proecting molding of eccentric cur(e supporting the abacus of a 9oric capital.

" antiles used for 3hinese roofings.

"1 Gree! e/ui(alent of the +oman forum, a place of open air assembly or mar!et.

"2 0 slight (ertical cur(ature in the shaft of a column.

" The (ery ornate style of architecture de(eloped in the later renaissance period.

"4 0 multi<storied shrine li!e towers, originally a -uddhist monument of diminishing size withcorbelled cornice and moldings.

BcubiculaB or bedroom is from what architecture.

"# %rom the Gree! forms of temple, the three where it lies is !nown as .

"$ %rom the Gree! temples, a temple that ha(e porticoes of columns at the front and rear.

"' &emorial monuments of persons buried elsewhere in +oman architecture.

The three pyramids in Gizeh")

"" The cistern storage of collected rainwater underneath the azotea of the bahay na bato.

1 0 shallow cistern or drain area in the center of a house.

11 In Gree! temples, the e/ui(alent of the crypt is the .

12 The tomb beneath a church.

1 0 raised stage reser(ed for the clergy in early 3hristian churches.

14 0 decorati(e brac!et usually ta!ing the form of a cyma re(ersa strap.

1# 5emi<palatial house surrounded by an open site.

1$ 0 roman house with a central patio.

1' +e(i(al of classical +oman style

1) The style emerging in western Europe in the early 11th century, based on +oman and

-yzantine elements, characterized by massi(e articulated wall structures, round arches,

and powerful (aults, and lasting until the ad(ent of Gothic architecture.

1" 0rchitect and furniture designer.

11 %irst registered architect in the hilippines.

111The public s/uare of imperial +ome.

112 0rchitect of &anila 7ilton 7otel.

11 %inest eample of %rench<Gothic architecture

114 7ow many stained glass are there in the 3hartres 3athedral=

11# 0gora is from what architecture=

11$ 5acred artificial mountains of -abylon and 0ssyria.



11' 0 plant whose lea(es form the lower portions of the 3orinthian capital.

11) 5tructure of wedge<shaped bloc!s o(er an opening.

11" The space between the sloping roof o(er the aisle and the aisle (aulting, so also called

a blind story.

12 0 windowed wall that rises abo(e the roof of adacent walls that admit light into the

interior.

121 0 standard, usually of length, by which the proportions of a building are determined.122 The triangular or segmental space enclosed by a pediment or arch.

12 0 line of counterthrusting arches on columns or piers.

124 In the classical order, the lowest part or member of the entablatureF the beam that spans

from column to column.

12# In classical architecture, the elaborated beam member carried by the columns.

arts of an entablature, in order of top to bottom.12$

12' lan shape of a 3hinese pagoda.

12) sual number of stories for a 3hinese pagoda.12" 0 special feature of 8apanese houses, used to display a flower arrangement or art.

1 lan shape of a 8apanese pagoda.

11 The most famous structure of -yzantine architecture and notable of its large dome.

12 Triangular piece of wall abo(e the entablature.

1 0 spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the poly<

gonal plan of its supporting structure.

14 0 long arcaded entrance porch in an early 3hristian church.

1# The principal or central part of a church, etending from the narthe to the choir or

chancel and usually flan!ed by aisles.

1$ The co(ered wal! of an atrium.

1' 0 basin for ritual cleansing with water in the atrium of an early 3hristian basilica.

1) 0 large apsidal etension of the interior (olume of a church.

1" 0n ornamental canopy of stone or marble permanently place o(er the altar in a church.

14 0 decorati(e niche often topped with a canopy and housing a statue.

141 0 recess in a wall to contain a statue or other small items.

142 0 tower in the &uslim &os/ue used to call people to prayer.

14 3offers, sun!en panels in the ceiling.

144 The -uddhist temple in ancient 3ambodia which feature four faces of the compassionate

-uddha.

14# 0 term gi(en to the miture of 3hristian, 5panish, and &uslim 12th<1$th century

architecture.

14$ roecting bloc!s of stone car(ed with foliage, typical in Gothic architecture.

14' 0 slab forming the crowning member of the capital.

14) The crowning member of a column.

14" 0 rectangular or s/uare slab supporting the column at the base.

1# 0 low screen wall enclosing the choir in early 3hristian church.

1#1 The cold section of a +oman -ath.

1#2 This church in the hilippines is the seat of the &alolos 3ongress.



1# The palace proper in 0ssyrian palaces.

1#4 7oly mountains.

1## 0rchitect of the famous propylaea, 0cropolis.

1#$ ri(ate family apartments in 0ssyrian palaces.

1#' The most stupendous and impressi(e of the roc!<cut<temples.

1#) The four<seated colossal statues of +ameses II is car(ed in the pylon of the .

1#" %a(orite motifs of design of the Egyptians.1$ Two main classes of temples in Egyptian 0rchitecture.

1$1 Egyptian temples for ministrations to deified pharaohs.

1$2 5tructure whose corners are made to face the four cardinal points.

1$ 5tructure whose sides are made to face the four cardinal points.

1$4 Egyptian temples for the popular worship of the ancient and the mysterious gods.

1$# The use of monsters in doorways is pre(alent in what architecture=

1$$ The Gree! male statues used as columns.

1$' 0 recessed or alco(e with raised seats where disputes too! place.

1$) 0 single line of columns surrounding the ?aos.

1$" The uppermost step in the crepidoma.1' The lowest step in the crepidoma.

1'1 0 building in Gree! and +oman for eercises or physical acti(ities.

1'2 The three chamber of a Gree! temple.

1' 0 Gree! building that contains painted pictures.

1'4 Temple with a portico of columns arranged in front.

1'# The clear space in between columns.

1'$ Intercolumniation of 2.2# diameters.

1'' Intercolumniation of 4 diameters.

1') Intercolumniation of 2 diameters.

1'" ycnostyle intercolumniation has how many diameters=

1) 9iastyle intercolumniation has how many diameters.

1)1 0 !indred type to the theater.

1)2 +oman building which is a prototype of the hippodrome of the Gree!.

1) +oman building for which gladiatorial battles too! place.

1)4 *hat sporting e(ent ta!es place in the alaestra=

1)# 0 foot race course in the cities.

1)$ 0 temple with 1<4 columns arranged between antae at the front.

1)' 0 temple with 1<4 columns arranged between antae at the front and rear.

1)) In Gree!, it is the +oman prototype of the Thermae.

1)" Gree! order that has no base.

1" The most beautiful and best preser(ed of the Gree! theaters.

1"1 *hat orders did the Etruscans and the +omans add ma!ing # in all=

1"2 *hat allowed the +omans to build (aults of a magnitude ne(er e/ualed till the birth of

steel for buildings.

The finest of all illustrations of +oman construction.

1" The oldest and most important forum in +ome.

1"4 *ho commenced the 6hall of hundred columns6=

1"# *ho completed the 6hall of hundred columns6=



1"$ 0rchitects of the arthenon.

1"' &aster sculptor of the arthenon.

1") In +oman fountains, the large basin of water.

1"" 5pouting ets in +oman fountain.

2 The oldest circus in +ome.

21 The colosseum in +ome also !nown as the Bfla(ian amphitheaterB was commenced by

whom and completed by whom=22 0rchitect of the Erechtheion.

2 0 water cloc! or an instrument for measuring time by the use of water.

24 The finest of Gree! Tombs, also !nown as the 6tomb of 0gamemnon6.

2# 0rchitect of the Temple of Deus, 0grigentum

2$ 0rchitect of the Temples of Deus, Hlympia.

2' +oman architect of the Gree! Temples of Deus, Hlympius.

2) -oth the regula and the mutule has guttae numbering a total of .

2" 0 /uadrigas is a .

21 The water<leaf and tongue is a usual ornament found in the .

211 The 3orona is usually painted with the .212 Gree! sculptures may be classified as Barchitectural sculpture, free standing statuary,

and the B.

21 Hne of the best eamples of a sur(i(ing megaron type of Gree! domestic building.

214 The molding that is often found in the 9oric Hrder.

21# The wall or colonnade enclosing the Temenos

21$ The pri(ate house of the +omans.

21' +oman rectangular temples stood on a .

21) +oman large s/uare tiles.

21" 0 type of +oman wall facing with alternating courses of bric!wor!s.

22 0 type of +oman wall facing which is made of small stone laid in a loose pattern roughly

resembling polygonal wor!.

221 0 type of +oman wall facing with a net<li!e effect.

222 0 type of roman wall facing with rectangular bloc! with or without mortar oints.

22 0 +oman structure used as hall of ustice and commercial echanges.

224 0 type of monument erected to support a tripod, as a prize for athletic eercises or

musical competitions in Gree! festi(als.

22# 0 type of ornament in classic or renaissance architecture consisting of an assemblage

of straight lines intersecting at right angles, and of (arious patterns.

22$ %igures of which the upper parts alone are car(ed, the rest running into a parallelopiped

or diminishing pedestal.

22' &arble mosaic pattern used on ceilings of (aults and domes.

22) 3onceptualized the 3orinthian capital.

22" The sleeping room of the 6megaron6.

2 The origin of the door architra(e.

21 The atrium type of house originated with the .

22 +oman apartment bloc!s.

2 0 building in classic architecture decorated with flowers and plants with water for the

purpose of relaation.



24 #th to 1)th century architecture.

2# B%orm follows functionB.

2$ The dominating personality who became an ardent disciple of the Italian renaissance

style.

2' 0 pillared hall in which the roofs rests on the column in Egyptian temples.

2) *ho began the building of the Great 7ypostyle 7all at Carna!=

2" 0rchitect of the Great 5erapeum at 0leandria.24 7e created the 9ymaion 7ouse, Bthe first machine for li(ingB.

241 Tombs built for the Egyptian nobility rather than the royalty.

242 0rchitect of the ung 3enter of the hilippines.

24 The warm room in the Thermae.

244 The 7ot room of the Thermae.

24# The cold or unheated pool in the Thermae.

24$ The dry or sweating room in the Thermae.

24' The dressing room of the Thermae.

24) The room for oils and unguents in the thermae.

24" Hrientation of the +oman temple is towards the .2# Hrientation of the Gree! temple is towards the .

2#1 Hrientation of the Etruscan temple is towards the .

2#2 Hrientation of the &edie(al 3hurch.

2# The space for the clergy and choir is separated by a low screen wall from the body of the

church called .

2#4 Hn either side of the choir, pulpits for the reading of the epistle and the gospel are

called.

2## In some churches, there is a part which is raised as part of the sanctuary which later

de(eloped into the transept, this is the .

2#$ In early 3hristian churches, the bishop too! the central place at the end of the church

called .

2#' The iconoclastic mo(ement during the -yzantine period forbade the use of .

2#) Type of plan of the -yzantine churches.

2#" 0rchitects of the 7agia 5ophia. :5t. 5ophia, 3onstantinople;

2$ The supreme monument of -yzantine architecture.

2$1 5mallest cathedral in the world. :-yzantine period;

2$2 Hne of the few churches of its type to ha(e sur(i(ed ha(ing a s/uare na(e and without

cross<arms, roofed by a dome which spans to the outer walls of the building.

2$ 0 tower raised abo(e a roof pierced to admit light.

the co(ered passage around an open space or garth, connecting the church to the chapter

house, refectory and other parts of the monastery.

2$4 The prominent feature of the facades in +omanes/ue 3entral Italy.

2$# The best eample of a German +omanes/ue church with apses at both east and west

ends.

2$$ The term applied to the Episcopal church of the diocese and also the important structure

of the Gothic period.

2$' The first plan shape of the 5t. eter6s -asilica by -ramante.



2$) The final plan shape of the 5t. eter6s -asilica by 3arlo &aderna.

2$" 7e erected the entrance iazza at 5t. eter6s -asilica.

2' sed as food storage in the -ahay na -ato.

2'1 The granary in traditional -ontoc 7ouse.

2'2 0rchitect of the *orld Trade 3enter.

2' The Erechtheion of &nesicles is from what architecture=

2'4 The part of the 3orinthian capital without flower.2'# The antheon is from what architecture.

2'$ The architect of the antheon.

2'' The senate house of the Gree!s.

2') 0rchitect of the -i<?uclear 7ouse, the 7<lan.

2'" &eican 0rchitectJEngineer who introduced thin shell construction.

2) In the 9oric Hrder, the shaft terminates in the .

2)1 In what Hrder is the arthenon.

2)2 In what Hrder is the temple of ?i!e 0pteros, 0thens.

2) This temple is dedicated to 6*ingless >ictory6.

2)4 This structure in Greece was erected by 0ndroni!os 3yrrhestes for measuring time bymeans of a clepsydra internally and sun dial eternally.

2)# In the 3yma +e(ersa molding of the +omans, what ornaments are usually found=

2)$ %rom what architecture is the 5toa=

2)' The Egyptian Hrnament symbolizing fertility.

2)) Egyptian Temple for popular worship of the ancient and mysterious gods.

2)" 0 small pri(ate bath found in +oman houses or palaces.

2" 3orresponds to the Gree! naos.

2"1 The large element in the frieze.

2"2 B0 is a machine to li(e inB.

2" 0rchitect of the 3hicago Tribune Tower.

2"4 B0rchitecture is HrganicB.

2"# In(ented reinforced concrete in %rance.

2"$ %irst elected .0.. president.

2"' 9esigner of the -onifacio &onument.

2") 5culptor for the -onifacio &onument.

2"" 9esigner of the Ta &ahal.

&ale counterpart of the 3aryatids.

1 i!e 3aryatids and 0tlantes, this is a three</uarter length figures.

2 This is a pedestal with human, animal, or mythological creatures at the top.

0 small payer house in Egyptian architecture.

4 *here B3onstructi(ismB originated=

# Epressionist 0rchitect.

$ %ounders of the B0rt ?o(eauB.

' 3ombination of the new art and the graphing of the old art.

) +eturn in the use of +oman Hrders in modern age.

" 5cheme or solution of a problem in architecture.

1 0rchitect of the -atasang ambansa.

11 0rchitect of the hilippine 7eart 3enter.



12 0rchitect of the +izal &emorial 5tadium.

1 The architect of the Kuiapo 3hurch before its restoration.

14 -uilt by the %ranciscan priest %r. -las dela &adre, this church in +izal whose design

depicts the hea(y influence of 5panish -aro/ue, was declared a national treasure.

1# This church, 1st built by the 0ugustinian %r. &iguel &urguia, has an unusually large bell

which was made from approimately ' sac!s of coins donated by the towns people.

1$ 0rchitect of 5& &egamall.1' 3entral -an! of the hilippines, &anila.

1) G.5.I.5. -uilding, +oas -oule(ard.

1" The tower atop the torogan where the princess and her ladies in waiting hide during

occasions.

2 %ound in the ground floor of the bahay na bato, it is where the carriages and floats are

!ept.

21 The emergency hideout found directly behind the neadboard of the 5ultan6s bed.

22 The flat, open terrace open to the toilet, bath, and !itchen areas and also used as a

laundry and drying space and ser(ice area for the ser(ants.

2 In the !itchen of the bahay !ubo, the table on top of which is the ri(er stone, shoe<shapedsto(e or !alan is !nown as .



Pyramid

Cheops

Rameses 1

Marble

Columnar trabeated

Propylaea

Parthenon

Arch and vault

Composite

omical roof constructio

t. Sophia, Constantinopl

Sober and dignified

Marble

Pantheon

Pteroma

ladiatorial Contests

Stoa

Acropolis

Antefi! "Antefi!ae#

Acroterion $ Acroterium

Anthemion

Apotheca

Anthemion

Marble

Pisa

Refectory

%aro&ue

Cortel

'racery

Cha(sit(su

Mas)id

Stupa

%ale

*iggurat

Doric

Pyramid



'umuli

Apse

Dipteral

Prytaneion

+rich Mendelsohnalter ropius

Art -oveau

Cambodian

an Alen

+mbrasures

Agra

Amenemhat /

Senusret /0eb(sed

Pyramid of *oser

Pyramid of hufu

roin ault

isayan

ree2

Canephora

%arti3an

%asilica

ree2

0elm Roof

Masu(gumi

Cavetto

Carlos Santos iola

Caesar 0omer Concio

Pinnacle

illiam Cosculluela

ro&ue for of 4rnamentati

Richard 5osef -eutra

Sarcophagus

/mhotep

%ouleuterion

.S. $ +nglish Renaissanc

'ussel 0ouse

Astylar

5ugendsti)l

ud8ig Mies an Der Roh

7iceo de Manila



Crenel

%alance

+clecticism

+ero Saarinen

aufman 0ouse

5uan -a2pil

en3o 'ange9elipe Mendo3a

Palace of Persepolis

Saracenic Architecture

+chinus

S(tiles

Agora

+ntasis

%aro&ue

Pagoda

Roman

Crepidoma

Amphi(Prostyle

Cenotaphs

Cheops

Chefren

My2erinos

Al)ibe

/mpluvium

-aos

Crypt

%ema

Console

illa

Atrium 0ouse

Romanes&ue

Romanes&ue

Alvar Aalto

'omas Mapua

9orum

elton %ec2et

Chartres Cathedral

1:;

ree2

*iggurat



Acanthus

Arch

'riforium

Clerestory

Module'ympanum

Arcade

Architrave

+ntablature

Cornice

9rie3e

Architrave

4ctagonal

1<'o2onama

S&uare

0agia Sophia

Pediment

Pendentive

-arthe!

-ave

Ambulatory

Cantharus

+!edra

%aldachino

'abernacle

-iche

Minaret

7acunaria

%ayon

Mude)ar

Croc2et

Abacus

Capital

Plinth

Chancel

9rigidarium

%arasoain Church



Seraglio

*iggurat

Mnesicles

0arem

reat 'emple, Abu Simbe

reat 'emple, Abu Simbe

alm, 7otus, and Papyrusortuary and Cult 'emple

Mortuary 'emple

*iggurat

Pyramid

Cult 'emple

Persian

Atlantes

+!edra

Peripteral

StylobateStereobate

ymnasium

onaos, -aos, and +pina

Pinacotheca

Prostyle

/ntercolumniation

+ustyle

Areostyle

Systyle

1.= Diameters

< Diameters

4deion

Circus

Colosseum

restling

stadium

/n Antis

Amphi(Antis

ymnasium

Doric

+pidauros

'uscan and Composite

6se of Concrete

Pantheon

9orum Romanum

>er!es

Arta!er!es



Callicrates and /ctinus

Phidias

7acus

Salientes

Circus Ma!imus

espasian $ Domitian

Mnesicles

Clepsydra

'reasury of Atreus

'heron

7ibon

Cossutius

1?

@(horse Chariot

Cyma Reversa

ey Pattern

Sculptured Reliefs

0ouse <<

%irdBs %ea2

Peribolus

Domus

Podium

%epidales

4pus Mi!tum

4pus /ncertum

4pus Recticulatum

4pus uadratum

%asilica

Choragic Monument

9ret

'ermini

4pus 'esselatum

Callimachus

'halamus

'imber(enframed Portal

+truscans

/nsula

-ymphaeum



Renaissance

7ouis Sullivan

/igo 5ones

0ypostyle 0all

'hothmes /

Ptolemy ///%uc2minster 9uller

Roc2(0e8n 'ombs

eorge Ramos

'epidarium

Calidarium

9rigidarium

Sudatorium

Apodyteria

6nctuaria

9orum+ast

South

est

Cancelli

Ambo

%ema

Apse

Statues

Centrali3ed

Anthemius and /sidorus

t. Sophia, Constantinopl

tle Metropole Cath., Athe

-ea Moni

7antern

Cloisters

4rnamental Arcades

orms Cathedral

Cathedral

ree2 Cross





5uan -a2pil

5uan -a2pil

Morong Church

Panay Capi3

Antonio Sin Diongabriel 9ormoso

eorge Ramos

7amin

*aguan

%ili2

A3otea

Dapogan



HISTORY

CITIES

JERICHO MESOPOTAMIA

KHIROKITIA

CATAL HUYUK INFLUENCES

NOMADIC LIFESTYLE

TEMPORARY

LITTLE INVESTMENT

FERTILE CRESCENT

TIGRIS RIVER

EUPHRATES RIVER

STONES

MUD/ BRICK

TWIGS/ WOOD

PREHISTORICARCHITECTURE

FROM THE GREEK WORD'MESOS' AND 'POTAMAS'MEANING MIDDLE RIVER

GEOGRAPHICALINFLUENCES

GEOLOGICAL

INFLUENCES

ARCHITECTURALCHARACTER



ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECTURALCONTRIBUTIONS





THEATRE

PROMENADE

SENATE HOUSE

COUNCIL CHAMBER

STADIUM

WRESTLING HOUSE

BATH



MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE

SUMERIAN BABYLONIAN ASSYRIAN

5!" BC "!#$ BC %!& BC

SUN DRIED BRICKS MUD BRICK MUD BRICK

STONE





IGGURAT PALACES AMD TEMPLES TEMPLES

IGGURAT





PERSIAN

5!# BC BC!" AD #!# BC

NILE RIVER

MUD BRICKS STONE

TIMBER

EGYPTIANARCHITECTURE

MINOANARCHITECTURE

NAMED AFTER KINGMINOS OF KNOSSOS



AXIAL PLANNING

IMHOTEP

SYNTHESIS OFARCHITECTURALELEMENTS (ASSYRIA,EGYPT AND GREECE)

MULTI!COLUMNARPORCHES

TRABEATEDCONSTRUCTION WITHPRECISE STONEWORKS

STONE WALL, PIER ANDLINTEL

BATTERED WALLS WITHPICTOGRAPHIC CARVINGS

UPPER WALL TIMBERFRAMEWORK

CAPITALS (COMPOSITE,HATHOR, OSIRIS)









PERFECT PROPORTIONS ROUGH AND MASSIVE

DELICACY OF OUTLINE CARPENTRY IN MARBLE

REFINED TREATMENT CYCLOPEAN WALL ENTASIS

CORBELLED ARCH

COLUMN AND TRABEATED

S*UARE ABACUS ANDCIRCULAR BULBOUSECHINUS

ORNAMENTATION ORSCULPTURE, COLOR ANDMURAL PAINTING







HELLENISTIC

BC! $5 AD "!#"5 AD

FOREIGN ELEMENTS ETRUSCANS CHRISTIANITY

GREEKS

MARBLE

GRANITE

ALABASTER

ROMANARCHITECTURE

EARLY CHRISTIANARCHITECTURE



OSTENTASION FA+ADES FACE WEST

MOLDING DECORATIONS POOLANA/ CONCRETE

TEMPLES FACING EAST

CONCRETE

ARCH

VAULTS

VITRUVIUS

SYMMETRICAL ANDORDERLY

ROMAN BASILICANFLOOR PLAN

PLUMBING, HEATING ANDWATER SUPPLY

GREEK ORDERS (DORIC,IONIC, CORINTHIAN)

ROMAN ORDERS(TUSCAN, COMPOSITE)

FIGURED COLUMNS(ATLAS, )



GREEK TEMPLE CIVIC BUILDINGS CHURCHES

ACROPOLIS ROMAN FORUM

BASILICA

BAPTISTERY

MEGARON DOMUS

PROSTAS INSULA

PASTAS VILLA

PERISTYLE ATRIUM HOUSE

PROPYLAEA

AGORA BASILICA

THEATRON THEATRUM

ODEION (ROOFED)



GYMNASION GYMNASIUM

STOA

PRYTANEION CURIA

BEULEUTERION

STADION CIRCUS

HIPPODROME (ROOFED)

PALAESTRA

THERMAE

A*UEDUCT



ALSO NORMAN STILE OGIVALE

!#5 AD !## AD #5!#5 AD

ENGLAND

SPAIN

EUROPE

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

BYZANTINEARCHITECTURE

ROMANESQUEARCHITECTURE



ROUND ARCHES FLYING BUTTRESS

ROUND ARCHES BARREL VAULTS POINTED ARCH

PENDENTIVES RIBBED VAULTING

CROSS SHAPED PLANS

PENDENTIVES RIBBED VAULTING

CIRCULAR ORPOLYGONAL TYPE PLAN

HEAVY ARTICULATEDMASONRYCONSTRUCTION WITHNARROW OPENINGS

PROGRESSIVELIGHTENING ANDHEIGHTENING OFSTRUCTURE

MASONRYCONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION OFCENTRAL AND WESTERN

TOWERS

FRESCOES AND

COLORED GLASSMOSAICS

RICHLY DECORATEDFENESTRATION



CHURCHES CHURCHES CHURCHES

CATHEDRAL





GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

ENGLISH GOTHIC

EARLY ENGLISH DECORATED STYLE PERPENDICULAR

ALSO LANCET, FIRSTPOINTED OR EARLYPLANTAGENET

ALSO GEOMETRICAL ANDCURVILINEAR, MIDDLEPOINTED, LATEPLANTAGENET

ALSO RECTILINEAR, LATEPOINTED ORLANCASTRIAN



LANCET SHAPED ARCHES RICH TRACERY

PLATE TRACERY

ELABORATE FAN VAULTS

PERPENDICULAR TRACERY

ELABORATEORNAMENTAL VAULTING

FINE INTRICATESTONEWORK

REFINED STONE CUTTING TECHNI*UE







FRENCH GOTHIC

PRIMAIRE SECONDAIRE TERTIAIRE



LANCETTE RAYONNANT FLAMBOYANT

POINTED ARCHES CIRCULAR WINDOWS

WHEEL TRACERY

FLOWING AND FLAMELIKE TRACERY

GEOMETRIC TRACIEDWINDOWS







RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

EARLY HIGH

#"!#55 AD

REBIRTH OF CLASSICALARCHITECTURE

GREEK AND ROMANARCHITECTURE



SGRAFFITO

USE OF CLASSICALORDERS, ROUND ARCHESAND SYMMETRICALPROPORTIONS

A-.01.2 .3 C466174-8014 2- .92:82001.2

T;8 122748 .3 746617461:41710< 2- ;9:.2< 12R82166278 90 2-97;10870=98

BASED .2 98>=49 .9-89,6<::809<, 2- 782094?16 @10; >92-1.68 4262- 1:986618 37-86

PAGAN OR CLASSICALMYTHOLOGICALORNAMENTATIONS







MANNERISM BAROQUE

LATE

7466174 8938701.2 .3 0;8H1>; R82166278 10810;89 986.2-8- @10; 91>.9.=6 41701.2 .37466174 9=486, .9=208- 74661747.28201.2, 12 089:6 .3

:8212> 1998,3206017, .9 1998>=49

I0 @6 -8418908 12 106008:0 0. 1:9866, 2-@6 :.60 416; .3 4460<486, .0; 12 106 =68 .3:089146 2- 12 0;888706 10 7;1886



R.=60 9..901.26

RICH COLORS

F80=98- >82894984?01.2 .3 0;8 6889861:41710< 2- .9-89 .30;8 H1>; R82166278







ROCOCO REVIVALIST ARCHITECTU

NEOCLASSICISM GOTHIC REVIVAL

GOTHIC ARCHITECTUREGREEK AND ROMANARCHITECTURE



L1>;089 9..901.26

LIGHT COLORS

I0 @6 66.7108- @10;41>;02866, 6@19412> 3.9:6,.@12> 41286, .920860=77. @.9, 2-986=8 .92:820

S1:48, 609.2>4<>8.:80917 7.:.6101.2

S;44.@ 9841836 .237-86

S0<48 3.9 US >.892:820=14-12>6







E

INDUSTRIAL AGE ART DECO

STYLE MODERNE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

MATERIAL INNOVATION

BEAUX ARTSECCLECTICISM



SKYSCRAPERS

LOUIS SULLIVAN

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

S<::809174 426 2-87487017 =68 .397;10870=94 380=986

>8.:80917 :.0136,6098:4128- 2-7=9141289 3.9:6, 6;94<-828- .=041286

O3082 >186 :6618,84.908, 2-.6082001.=6 8870

U686 .4- 7.4.96 2-6<20;8017 :089146(460176)

6.;1601708- ;8012>,4=:12>, 2- 8487091741>;012> 6<608:6







MODERN ARCHITECTURE

ART N

NEW ART JUGENSTIJL MODERNISMO

GERMANY SPAIN

68- .2 0;8 980=92 0.79306:26;1 2- 0;81208>901.2 .3 90, -861>2,2- 97;10870=98



ANTONI GAUDI

=1-, =2-=4012> :.0136,.3082 -8918- 39.:20=94 3.9:6







UVEAU

STILE LIBERTY SEESSION LE STYLE

ITALY AUSTRIA FRANCE









MODER

EXPRESSIONISM DE STIJL CONSTRUCTIVISM

THE STYLE

A E=9.82 :.8:8200;0 >828908- >>8-2- -<2:17 3.9:6 12.0; 12012> 2-97;10870=98

E?98661.2 .37.2609=701.2 @6 0. 80;8 616 3.9 44 =14-12>-861>2 8:;6186 .23=2701.24 :7;128 906

126198- < M.2-91212012>



=68 .3 47 2- @;108@10; 0;8 91:9< 7.4.9698702>=49 3.9:6, 2-6<::809<







N-ISMS

BAUHAUS INTERNATIONAL STYLEORGANIC

ARCHITECTURE

B= (=14-12>), ;=6(;.=68)

F=2701.24 97;10870=98-8.1- .3 98>1.247;97089160176



WALTER GROPIUS LE CORBUSIER

A =14-12> 6;.=4- 83=2701.24, ;9:.2186@10; 106 20=948219.2:820, 2- 3.9:62 1208>908- @;.48

S<20;8616 .3 087;2.4.><,7930, 2- -861>2860;80176

S1:48 >8.:80917 3.9:6,49>8 =208?0=98- 6=93786(.3082 @;108), 49>8 986.3 >466, 2- >82894 =68.3 60884 .9 98123.978-

7.279808 7.2609=701.2

S;86 98 .3082 .31998>=49 7.20.=96 2-9868:48 3.9:6 3.=2- 1220=98

E:;616 .2 3=2701.24-861>2

LUDWIG MIES VAN DERROHE







POST MODERN ARCHITECT

BRUTALISM HIGH TECH

A 9828@8- 987101.23.9 0;8 917; 09-101.26 .397;10870=98 60A97;108706 8>282418212> 37-86 @10;7.4.9, 00892, 2-.92:8206

U612> 0;8 087;2.4.>< .3=14-12> 12 ;1>;4<8?986618 @<

I26198- < 0;8 0.29=0 (9@ 7.279808) =68-< L8 C.9=6189 12 ;164089 =14-12>6



ALVAR AALTO R17;9- R.>896

EERO SAARINEN N.9:2 F.6089

LOUIS KAHN R82. P12.

ROBERT VENTURI

PHILIP JOHNSON

U68- 0. -867918 :6618:.-892 97;10870=98 =140.3 98123.978- 7.279808,@10; 0;8 7.27980869.=>;, 9618 6=93786

4830 8?.68-



JAMES STIRLING

MICHAEL GRAVES





RE

DECONSTRUCTIVISM GREEN ARCHITECTURE

D98@ =.2 0;8 410899<0;8.9186 .3 J7=86D8991-, @;. ;.4-6 0;00;898 16 2. ?8- 09=0;=0 .24< :=401481208998001.26

S=60121410<, 0. 826=980;0 .=9 701.26 2--87161.26 0.-< -. 2.012;110 0;8 ..90=210186.3 3=0=98 >828901.26



U612> 820, 2>48- 2-8?4.-8- 3.9:6 0.98986820 0;8 =27890120<.3 .=9 01:86

S=601248 -861>2,7.261-8912> 42- =68,0926.9001.2 166=86,8289>< 871827<, 12-..987.4.>< 2- @60898-=701.2 @;82 -861>212>=14-12>6







INDIAN ARCHITECTUR

MAURYAN DYNASTY

" BC

HISTORY

CITIES

INDIA

INFLUENCES

RELIGION PERSIA

HINDU

BUDDHIST

A97;10870=98 6;.@6 0;87=40=94 12=8278 .3P8961 2- 0;8 960 =68 .3-98668- 60.28

GEOGRAPHICALINFLUENCES



CONTRIBUTIONS

ARCHITECTS

GEOLOGICALINFLUENCES

ARCHITECTURAL

CHARACTER

C;9708918- < H12-=2- B=--;160:.2=:8206

60.28 @.98- 0. -86198-6;8 2- 6:..0;8- .20;8 378

S09=70=986 6.:801:86

6;98 0;8 6:8 61089;<0;:17 609018-:.0136

9.3=68 798-.92:82001.2

7.:1212> 0;8 9841>1.=62- 0;8 6826=.=6

UNIT OF

MEASUREMENT



COMPLEX

RELIGIOUS

TOMB

DWELLINGS

TEMPLE

GATEWAY

PAVILION

CIVIC BUILDINGS

MARKET PLACE

SPORTS ARENA

THEATRE

PROMENADE

SENATE HOUSE

COUNCIL CHAMBER

STADIUM

WRESTLING HOUSE

BATH

PRINCIPALSTRUCTURES (CHIEFBLDG)



CHINESE AR

GUPTA DYNASTY YANG SHAO DYNASTY

YELLOW RIVER

C.=90 @6 0;8 782089 .37466174 I2-12 90 2-410890=98

P44, H12-= 6008

860416;8- 12 6.=0;892I2-1, @;17; 7.2091=08-0. 0;8 8?261.2 .3I2-12 7=40=98 120.S.=0;860 A61





PALACES AND TEMPLES

KIVA

STAMBHA

STUPA

PIT DWELLINGS

MANDIRU (RATH ANDVIMANA)



HITECTURE

*IN DYNASTY

#$!# BC ""#!"$ BC

YIN YANG CHINA

JAPANESEARCHITECTURE

SHANG DYNASTY/ YINDYNASTY

E:89>8278 .3 78209418- >.892:820960 1:8914 -<260<

FENG SHUI (G9882, @..-Y844.@, 890; 6786986898- 3.9 8:89.96B4=8 2- 47, @089

W;108 2- >9<, :804R8-, 98 ;.8 2-60163701.2)



I209.-=701.2 .3 @91012>

6<20;8616 .3 68:1241-86 39.: C;12 2-2018 7.2-101.269.-=712> -1601270 60<48

L1>;0, -841708, 2-

9828-

JIAN (MARKED BY THEADJACENT FRAME)

-884.:820 .3 2 =927114101.2

:6089< .3 9.2876012>



FORBIDDEN CITY

PAGODA (TA)

PAILOU

GOLOU AND HONGLOU



NARA PERIOD HEIAN PERIOD

&#!&% CE &5!##5 CE

CHINA SHINTOISM

A-.01.2 .3 C;128687=40=98 2- 3.9: .3>.892:820

M.-1701.2 2-20=94101.2 .3 1-862- 126010=01.261209.-=78- 39.: C;12







ANSWER C/W



















































































































































































































































QUESTION

A97;10870 .3 R.126.26 G44891

W;0 97;10870=94 089: 16 089:8- 0. 8 3988 39.: 2< ;160.9174 60<48A 7.:.=2- 9780 .9 7104 12 J2868 97;10870=98

A 987866 12 @44 0. 7.2012 600=8 .9 .0;89 6:44 108:6 T;8 @.94-'6 960 49>8!6748 :.2=:820 12 60.28

F12860 8?:48 .3 F9827;!G.0;17 97;10870=98

A97;10870 .3 TWA 19.90

K12> .689'6 97;10870 @;. @6 -818- 12 0;8 "$0; -<260<QM.-892 97;10870=98 288- 2.0 8 @860892Q

N.0 :.2> 0;8 0;988 <9:1-6 12 G18;

T;8 :.60 3:.=6 609=70=98 .3 B<20128 97;10870=98 2- 2.048 .3 106 49>8 -.:8

F.=2-89 .3 B=;=6 S7;..4 .3 A90F8:48 600=86 @10; 6806 68912> 6 7.4=:26

A90 N.=8= 16 2.@2 6 0;8 12089201.24 60<48, 12 G89:2< 10 16 2.@2 6

A 7.278 :.4-12> 9.?1:084< =9089 9.=2-

A -87.9018 217;8 .3082 0.8- @10; 72.< 2- ;.=612> 600=8

A2.0;89 089: 3.9 798284 .9 1208946 80@882 :894.2 .3 0048:820

A F14112. 97;10870 @;.68 ;1416.;< 16 '0;8 609=70=98 :=60 8 @844 .918208-'

T;8 ;1>;860 <9:1- 12 G18;

A2 .92:820 72.< .3 60.28 .9 :948 89:28204< 478- .89 0;8 409 12 7;9=7;

A -87.9018 9780 =6=44< 012> 0;8 3.9: .3 7<: 98896 609A 6:44 0.@89 =6=44< 7.98448- 0 0;8 6.9289 .3 0;8 76048

A97;10870 .3 I>4861 21 C9160.

W;. 898708- 0;8 8941860 2.@2 .8416 0 H841..416A 49>8 61-4 8?08261.2 .3 0;8 120891.9 .4=:8 .3 7;=97;



A 68714 380=98 .3 J2868 ;.=686, =68- 0. -164< .@89 992>8:820 .9 90

P42 6;8 .3 C;12868 >.-

QA ;.=68 16 418 .@89 .0Q

T;8 97;10870 .3 C;9<6489 =14-12> 12 NY

A46. 7448- 'H.28<6=748' .92:820A 678 80@882 0;8 7.4.22-8 2- 0;8 2.6 @44 12 G988 08:48

I2 271820 G98878 2- R.:8, 60.989..: .3 2< 12-, =0 8687144< 3.9 60.912> @128

M.60 3:.=6 2- 893870 9868901.2 .3 44 271820 =14-12>6 12 R.:8

T;8 7;9708916017 .3 G988 .92:820P42 6;8 .3 J2868 >.-

F.9:12> 0;8 1:.612> 8209278 0. 0;8 79..416 2- 898708- < 0;8 97;10870 M28617486

Q7=17=4Q .9 8-9..: 16 39.: @;0 97;10870=98

T;8 .92:8204 00892 @.9 12 60.28, 4412> 0;8 =89 90 .3 >.0;17 @12-.@

H.@ :2< 60128- >466 98 0;898 12 0;8 C;90986 C0;8-94

T;8 3.9018- ;1>; 98 .9 710-84 .3 2 271820 G988 710< T;8 -1212> ;44 12 :.26089<, 7.2820, .9 7.448>8

W;17; .3 0;8 .9-89 @6 --8- < 0;8 R.:26 0. 0;8 .9-896 =68- < 0;8 G9886

I2 0;8 :1--48 12>-.:, 12 E><012 97;10870=98, @;. 7.26.41-08 0;8 -:121609018 6<:-8 6=98< .3 0;8 7.=209<, 680 .=2-89186 0. 0;8 9.12786, 2- .0;89 ;843=4 @.96

F9.: 0;8 50; 7820=9< 0. 0;8 986820, 0;8 7;97089 .3 B<20128 97;10870=98 16 0;8 97.3 =612>

T;8 :12894 .3 >980860 1:.90278 0. G988 97;10870=98 .3 @;17; G98878 2- ;89 -.:;- :48 6=4< .3 @6

S091704<, 8-8604 0 0;8 7.92896 .9 8 .3 9..3 0. 6=.90 2 .92:820, :.98 =6=.92:820 106843

W10; 0;8 =68 .3 7.279808 :-8 .66148 < ..42, 2018 20=94 78:820, 0;8 R.:7;188- ;=>8 120891.96 @10; 0;8

R.:286=8 97;10870=98 12 I04< 16 -16012>=16;8- 39.: 0;0 .3 0;8 9860 .3 E=9.8 < 0;8.3 @;0 :08914 3.9 3712> @446



T912>=49 1878 .3 @44 .8 0;8 82040=98U6=4 2=:89 .3 60.9186 3.9 C;12868 >.-

A2 271820 G988 .9017., 4.2> 7.4.22-8- 6;84089 =68- 12 =417 4786

T;8 .82 7.=90 12 2 I0412 4.

A:;10;80986 98 =68- 3.9

G988 97;10870=98 @6 866820144<

T;8 97;10870=98 .3 0;8 7=98- 4128 16 2.@ 6

T;8 8>12289 .3 0;8 >980 ;<.60<48 ;44 0 K92 2- 0;8 3.=2-89 .3 0;8 #%0; -<260<

F1960 848708- UAP 9861-820

F.=2-896 .3 0;8 QA90 N.=8=Q

S7=40.9 3.9 0;8 B.21371. M.2=:820

T;8 24 42 6;8 .3 0;8 S0 P8089'6 B61417 < C94. M-892

A97;10870 .3 0;8 B062> P:26

E?98661.2160 97;10870

I2 894< C;916012 7;=97;86, 0;8 16;. 0.. 782094 478 0 0;8 82- .3 0;8 7;=97; 7448

F1960 9861-820 2- 3.=2-89 .3 PAS

T;8 960 42 6;8 .3 0;8 S0 P8089'6 B61417 < B9:208

A97;10870 .3 0;8 P;1411286 H890 C82089

F9.: 0;8 G988 08:486, 08:48 0;0 ;8 .9017.86 .3 7.4=:26 0 0;8 39.20 2- 989

A97;10870 .3 SM M8>:44

T;8 =14-12> 12 0;8 79..416 >828944< 7.261-898- 6 812> 0;8 :.60 2894< 893870 =1889 898708- 16 0;8

A2 =91>;0 .92:820 .0 0;8 886 .3 0148 9..3, 7.278412> 0;8 3.0 .3 9.@ .3 7.28? 010;0 7.89 0;8 .1206 .3 0;8 0 01486



I28208- 98123.978- 7.279808 12 F9278

D861>289 .3 0;8 B.21371. M.2=:820

O9182001.2 .3 0;8 R.:2 08:48 16 0.@9-6 0;8

T;8 97;10870 .3 0;8 *=1. 7;=97; 83.98 106 9860.901.2O9182001.2 .3 0;8 G988 08:48 16 0.@9-6 0;8A 9168- 60>8 986898- 3.9 0;8 7489>< 12 894< 7;916012 7;=97;86D861>289 .3 0;8 T M;4

A97;10870 .3 GSIS =14-12>, R.?6 B.=489-

A97;10870 .3 0;8 R14 M8:.914 S0-1=:C.9986.2-6 0. 0;8 G988 2.6

A97;10870 .3 0;8 N01.24 L199<, P;1411286

A97;10870 .3 C82094 B2 .3 0;8 P;1411286, M214

I2 G988 08:486, 0;8 8=14820 .3 0;8 79<0 16 0;8

O2 810;89 61-8 .3 0;8 7;.19, =4106 3.9 0;8 98-12> .3 0;8 816048 2- 0;8 >.684 98 7448

A97;10870 .3 0;8 E987;0;81.2C.2780=418- 0;8 C.9120;12 7104

M8?172 A97;10870/E2>12889 @;. 1209.-=68- 0;12 6;844 7.2609=701.2

A97;108706 .3 0;8 H>1 S.;1

R.:2 9710870 .3 0;8 G988 T8:486 .3 8=6, O4<:1=6

A >182 089: 0. 0;8 :1?0=98 .3 C;916012, S216; 2- M=641: #"0;!#$0; 7820=9< 97;108

T;8 97;10870 .3 P20;8.2

I2 6.:8 7;=97;86, 0;898 16 90 @;17; 16 9168- 6 90 .3 0;8 6270=9< @;17; 4089-884.8- 120. 0;8 092680, 0;16 16 0;8

T;16 7;=97;, #60 =140 < 0;8 A=>=601212 F9 M1>=84 M=9>=1, ;6 2 =2=6=44< 49>8 84@6 :-8 39.: 9.?1:084< & 676 .3 7.126 -.208- < 0;8 0.@26 8.48

B=140 < 0;8 F9271672 91860 F9 B46 -84 M-98, 0;16 7;=97; 12 R14 @;.68 -861>2 -80;8 ;8< 12=8278 .3 S216 B9.=8, @6 -87498- 201.24 0986=98





T;8 .4-860 7197=6 12 R.:8

S8:1!4014 ;.=68 6=99.=2-8- < 2 .82 6108A 6:44 9108 0; 3.=2- 12 R.:2 ;.=686 .9 4786

T;8 678 80@882 0;8 7.4.22-8 2- 0;8 2.6 @44 12 G988 08:48

T;8 68208 ;.=68 .3 0;8 G98860;8 ;.0 9..: .3 0;8 0;89:8

A 9.:2 ;.=68 @10; 782094 01.

T;8 9108 ;.=68 .3 0;8 R.:26 T;8 -986612> 9..: .3 0;8 0;89:8

F1960 67;..4 @;17; .898- 97;10870=98 12 0;8 P;1411286

T;8 648812> 9..: .3 0;8 :8>9.2 T;8 7.=2714 ;.=68 12 G98878

A97;10870 .3 0;8 C;17>. T91=28 T.@89

T;8 9..: 3.9 .146 2- =2>=8206 12 0;8 0;89:8

T;8 2860 .3 G988 T.:6, 46. 2.@2 6 0;8 '0.: .3 A>:8:2.2'

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T;8 G92-860 T8:48 .3 44 E><012 08:486, 10 @6 2.0 =140 < =.2 .28 7.:4808 4.@86 106 618, -16.6101.2 2- :>2178278 0. 0;8 @.9 .3 :2< K12>6 B=140 39.: 0;8 #"D<260< 0. 0;8 P0.48:17 891.-



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T;8 6798- 8274.6=98 3.2- 12 0;8 ;1>;860 90 .3 G988 710< 16 7448-



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CHARACTERIED BY RADIATING LINES OF TRACERYCHARATERIED BYFLOWING A FLAME!LIKE TRACERY

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A 9814 60<48 68- .2 0;8 =14-12>6 2- =41701.26 .3 0;8 $0; 7820=9< 97;10870 :9< 271820 R.:2 A97;10870=94 3.9:6

TS MOST OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS ARE ITS MASSIVE FUNERARY MONUMENTS Z TEMPLES BUILT OF STONE FOR PERMANENCE, FEATURING ONLY POST!AND!LINTELCONSTRUCTION Z CORBEL VAULTS W/ OUT ARCHES Z VAULTING

CHARACTERIED BY CLEAR PLANS, MASSIVEARTICULATED WALL STRUCTURES, ROUND ARCHES, Z POWERFUL VAULTS

CHARACTERIED BY POINTED ARCH, THE GRADUAL REDUCTION OF

THE WALLS TO A SYOF RICHLY DECORATED FENESTRATION

CHARACTERIED BY THE USE OF THE CLASSICAL ORDERS, ROUND

ARCHES, 2-SYMMETRICAL COMPOSITION







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A -.=48 7=98, 9868:412> 0;8 480089 S, 3.9:8- < 0;8 =21.2 .3 7=98 2- 7.28?

T;8 782094 60.28 .3 68:1!7197=49 97;, 6.:801:86 67=40=98-

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T;8 G988 :48 600=86 =68- 6 7.4=:26A 9878668- .9 47.8 @10; 9168- 6806 @;898 -16=086 0.. 478A 612>48 4128 .3 7.4=:26 6=99.=2-12> 0;8 N.6 T;8 =89:.60 608 12 0;8 7981-.: T;8 4.@860 608 12 0;8 7981-.:A =14-12> 12 G988 2- R.:2 3.9 8?8971686 .9 ;<6174 70110186

T;8 B=--;160 08:48 12 271820 C:.-1 @;17; 380=98 3.=9 3786 .3 0;8 7.:661.2B=--;



T;8 0;988 7;:89 .3 G988 08:48

A G988 =14-12> 0;0 7.20126 1208- 170=986 T8:48 @10; .9017. .3 7.4=:26 992>8- 12 39.20

T;8 7489 678 12 80@882 7.4=:26

I20897.4=:2101.2 .3 ""5 -1:80896I20897.4=:2101.2 .3 -1:80896I20897.4=:2101.2 .3 " -1:80896P<72.60<48 120897.4=:2101.2 ;6 ;.@ :2< -1:80896D160<48 120897.4=:2101.2 ;6 ;.@ :2< -1:80896A 12-98- 0<8 0. 0;8 0;8089R.:2 =14-12> @;17; 16 9.0.0<8 .3 0;8 ;1.-9.:8 .3 0;8 G988R.:2 =14-12> 3.9 @;17; >4-10.914 00486 0.. 478

W;0 6.9012> 8820 086 478 12 0;8 P48609A 3..0 978 7.=968 12 0;8 710186A 08:48 @10; #! 7.4=:26 992>8- 80@882 208 0 0;8 39.20

A 08:48 @10; #! 7.4=:26 992>8- 80@882 208 0 0;8 39.20 2- 989

I2 G988, 10 16 0;8 R.:2 9.0.0<8 .3 0;8 T;89:8G988 .9-89 0;0 ;6 2. 68 T;8 :.60 8=013=4 2- 860 986898- .3 0;8 G988 0;80896

W;0 .9-896 -1- 0;8 E09=6726 2- 0;8 R.:26 -- :12> 5 12 44

T;8 2860 .3 44 144=60901.26 .3 R.:2 7.2609=701.2 T;8 .4-860 2- :.60 1:.9020 3.9=: 12 R.:8W;. 7.::8278- 0;8 ';44 .3 ;=2-98- 7.4=:26'W;. 7.:4808- 0;8 ';44 .3 ;=2-98- 7.4=:26'

A97;108706 .3 0;8 P90;82.2

M6089 67=40.9 .3 0;8 P90;82.2I2 R.:2 3.=20126, 0;8 49>8 612 .3 @089S.=012> 806 12 R.:2 3.=2012 T;8 .4-860 7197=6 12 R.:8

A97;10870 .3 0;8 E987;0;81.2

W;0 44.@8- 0;8 R.:26 0. =14- =406 .3 :>210=-8 2889 8=48- 0144 0;8 190; .3 3.9 =14-12>6

T;8 7.4.668=: 12 R.:8 46. 2.@2 6 0;8 Q12 :;10;8089Q @6 7.::8278- < 2- 7.:4808- < @;.:



A @089 74.7 .9 2 12609=:820 3.9 :86=912> 01:8 < 0;8 =68 .3 @089

T;8 2860 .3 G988 T.:6, 46. 2.@2 6 0;8 '0.: .3 A>:8:2.2'

A97;10870 .3 0;8 T8:48 .3 8=6, A>91>820=:

A97;10870 .3 0;8 T8:486 .3 8=6, O4<:1R.:2 97;10870 .3 0;8 G988 T8:486 .3 8=6, O4<:1=6B.0; 0;8 98>=4 2- 0;8 :=0=48 ;6 >=008 2=:8912> 0.04 .3 A =-91>6 16 T;8 @089!483 2- 0.2>=8 16 =6=4 .92:820 3.=2- 12 0;8 T;8 C.9.2 16 =6=44< 1208- @10; 0;8

G988 67=40=986 :< 8 746618- 6 Q97;10870=94 67=40=98, 3988 602-12> 600=9<,

O28 .3 0;8 860 8?:486 .3 6=9112> :8>9.2 0<8 .3 G988 -.:86017 =14-12>

T;8 :.4-12> 0;0 16 .3082 3.=2- 12 0;8 D.917 O9-89 T;8 @44 .9 7.4.22-8 8274.612> 0;8 T8:82.6 T;8 9108 ;.=68 .3 0;8 R.:26R.:2 98702>=49 08:486 60..- .2 R.:2 49>8 6=98 01486A 0<8 .3 R.:2 @44 3712> @10; 40892012> 7.=9686 .3 [email protected]

A 0<8 .3 R.:2 @44 3712> @10; 280!418 8870

A 0<8 .3 9.:2 @44 3712> @10; 98702>=49 4.7 @10; .9 @10;.=0 :.909 .1206

A R.:2 609=70=98 =68- 6 ;44 .3 =60178 2- 7.::89714 8?7;2>86

A 0<8 .3 :.2=:820 898708- 0. 6=.90 091.-, 6 918 3.9 0;48017 8?8971686 .9

:=6174 7.:80101.26 12 G988 3860146

M948 :.617 00892 =68- .2 781412>6 .3 =406 2- -.:86C.2780=418- 0;8 C.9120;12 7104 T;8 648812> 9..: .3 0;8 ':8>9.2'

A 0<8 .3 R.:2 @44 3712> @;17; 16 :-8 .3 6:44 60.28 41- 12 4..68 00892 9.=>;49868:412> .4<>.24 @.9

A 0<8 .3 .92:820 12 746617 .9 982166278 97;10870=98 7.2616012> .3 2 668:4>8 .6091>;0 41286 12089687012> 0 91>;0 2>486, 2- .3 91.=6 008926

F1>=986 .3 @;17; 0;8 =89 906 4.28 98 798-, 0;8 9860 9=2212> 120. 94484.18-1:1216;12> 8-8604





T<8 .3 42 .3 0;8 B<20128 7;=97;86

A97;108706 .3 0;8 H>1 S.;1 (S0 S.;1, C.2602012.48)

T;8 6=98:8 :.2=:820 .3 B<20128 97;10870=98

S:44860 70;8-94 12 0;8 @.94- (B<20128 891.-)

O28 .3 0;8 38@ 7;=97;86 .3 106 0<8 0. ;8 6=918- ;12> 6=98 28 2- @10;.=0

79.66!9:6, 9..38- < -.:8 @;17; 626 0. 0;8 .=089 @446 .3 0;8 =14-12>

A 0.@89 9168- .8 9..3 18978- 0. -:10 41>;0

0;8 7.898- 66>8 9.=2- 2 .82 678 .9 >90;, 7.2287012> 0;8 7;=97; 0. 0;8 7;

;.=68, 983870.9< 2- .0;89 906 .3 0;8 :.26089< T;8 9.:12820 380=98 .3 0;8 37-86 12 R.:286=8 C82094 I04<

T;8 860 8?:48 .3 G89:2 R.:286=8 7;=97; @10; 686 0 .0; 860 2- @860

T;8 960 42 6;8 .3 0;8 S0 P8089'6 B61417 < B9:208 T;8 24 42 6;8 .3 0;8 S0 P8089'6 B61417 < C94. M-892

H8 898708- 0;8 8209278 P1 0 S0 P8089'6 B61417U68- 6 3..- 60.9>8 12 0;8 B;< 2 B0. T;8 >929< 12 09-101.24 B.20.7 H.=68A97;10870 .3 0;8 W.94- T9-8 C82089 T;8 E987;0;81.2 .3 M28617486 16 39.: @;0 97;10870=98 T;8 90 .3 0;8 C.9120;12 7104 @10;.=0 .@89 T;8 P20;8.2 16 39.: @;0 97;10870=98 T;8 97;10870 .3 0;8 P20;8.2 T;8 68208 ;.=68 .3 0;8 G9886

A97;10870 .3 0;8 B1!N=7489 H.=68, 0;8 H!P42

M8?172 A97;10870/E2>12889 @;. 1209.-=78- 0;12 6;844 7.2609=701.2

I2 0;8 D.917 O9-89, 0;8 6;30 089:12086 12 0;8 I2 @;0 O9-89 16 0;8 P90;82.2I2 @;0 O9-89 16 0;8 08:48 .3 N18 A089.6, A0;826

T;8 089: 418- 0. 0;8 E167.4 7;=97; .3 0;8 -1.7868 2- 46. 0;8 1:.9020 609=70=0;8 G.0;17 891.-



T;16 08:48 16 -8-1708- 0. 'W12>4866 V170.9<'

I2 0;8 C<: R8896 :.4-12> .3 0;8 R.:26, @;0 .92:8206 98 =6=44< 3.=2-

F9.: @;0 97;10870=98 16 0;8 S0. T;8 E><012 O92:820 6<:.4112> 38901410<

E><012 T8:48 3.9 .=49 @.96;1 .3 0;8 271820 2- :<60891.=6 >.-6

A 6:44 9108 0; 3.=2- 12 R.:2 ;.=686 .9 4786C.9986.2-6 0. 0;8 G988 2.6 T;8 49>8 848:820 12 0;8 39188

QA 16 :7;128 0. 418 12QA97;10870 .3 0;8 C;17>. T91=28 T.@89

QA97;10870=98 16 O9>217Q

I28208- 98123.978- 7.279808 12 F9278F1960 848708- UAP 9861-820D861>289 .3 0;8 B.21371. M.2=:820

S7=40.9 3.9 0;8 B.21371. M.2=:820

D861>289 .3 0;8 T M;4

M48 7.=208990 .3 0;8 C9<01-6

L18 C9<01-6 2- A042086, 0;16 16 0;988!=9089 482>0; >=986

T;16 16 8-8604 @10; ;=:2, 21:4, .9 :<0;.4.>174 7980=986 0 0;8 0.

A 6:44 <89 ;.=68 12 E><012 97;10870=98W;898 QC.2609=70116:Q .91>1208-

E?98661.2160 A97;10870

F.=2-896 .3 0;8 QA90 N.8=Q

C.:1201.2 .3 0;8 28@ 90 2- 0;8 >9;12> .3 0;8 .4- 90R80=92 12 0;8 =68 .3 R.:2 O9-896 12 :.-892 >8S7;8:8 .9 6.4=01.2 .3 9.48: 12 97;10870=98A97;10870 .3 0;8 B062> P:26

T;16 609=70=98 12 G98878 @6 898708- < A2-9.21.6 C<99;86086 3.9 :86=912> 01:8 < :.3 7486<-9 12089244< 2- 6=2 -14 8?089244<



A97;10870 .3 0;8 P;141128 H890 C82089A97;10870 .3 0;8 R14 M8:.914 S0-1=: T;8 97;10870 .3 0;8 *=1. C;=97; 83.98 106 9860.901.2

A97;10870 .3 SM M8>:44

C82094 B2 .3 0;8 P;1411286, M214GSIS B=14-12>, R.?6 B.=489-

F.=2- 12 0;8 >9.=2- ..9 .3 0;8 ;< 2 0., 10 16 @;898 0;8 7991>86 2- .06 98

T;8 8:89>827< ;1-8.=0 3.=2- -198704< 8;12- 0;8 28-.9- .3 0;8 S=402'6 8-

F.9: 3.44.@6 3=2701.2F.9: -.86 2.0 287866914< 3.44.@ 3=2701.2A90 2- A97;10870=98, 0;8 28@ =210<

C=8 @10;12 7=8A 91->8 16 418 ;.=68

L866 16 :.98

O92:820 16 791:8

L866 16 :.98 .24< @;82 :.98 16 0.. :=7;

FUNCTION INFLUENCE BUT DOES NOT DICTATE FORMMODERN ARCHITECTURE NEED NOT BE WESTERN

B=140 < 0;8 F9271672 91860 F9 B46 -84 M-98, 0;16 7;=97; 12 R14 @;.68 -861>2 -80;8 ;8< 12=8278 .3 S216; B9.=8, @6 -87498- 201.24 0986=98

T;16 7;=97;, #60 =140 < 0;8 A=>=601212 F9 M1>=84 M=9>=1, ;6 2 =2=6=44< 49>8 84@6 :-8 39.: 9.?1:084< & 676 .3 7.126 -.208- < 0;8 0.@26 8.48

T;8 0.@89 0. 0;8 0.9.>2 @;898 0;8 9127866 2- ;89 4-186 12 @1012> ;1-8 -=912>

.7761.26

T;8 0, .82 089978 .82 0. 0;8 0.1480, 0;, 2- 107;82 986 2- 46. =68- 6 42- -9<12> 678 2- 689178 98 3.9 0;8 689206

I2 0;8 107;82 .3 0;8 ;< =., 0;8 048 .2 0. .3 @;17; 16 0;8 9189 60.28, 6;.8!6;

60.8 .9 42 16 2.@2 6

A ;.=68 16 ;.=68



RCHITECTURE MUST MEET RE*UIREMENTS STENGTH, BEAUTY, UNITY

F.9:=408- C=16: 2- F=0=916:

L866 16 B.98 / C.:48?10< 2- C.209-1701.2 12 A97;10870=98

CHRYSLER BUILDING, NY

GEODESIC DOME

SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

SOLOMON GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, BRAIL

BAUHAUS BLDG, GERMANYEINSTEIN TOWERCHAPEL OF NOTRE DAMECULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES

TAHANANG FILIPINO/ COCONUT PALACE

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES

SAN MIGUEL CORP BUILDINGBANK OF CHINA, HK TWA KENNEDY AIRPORT, NYATZT BLDG, NYC6 B044., B9784.2 S12C9<604 P478, E2>42-G466 H.=68, N8@ C22, C.2287017=0

S>9- F:141, S12

J.;2 H27.7 C82089, C;17>. I4412.16

[email protected]; B=14-12>, NY

P9178 T.@89, O4;.:

T;8 98410< .3 0;8 =14-12> -.86 2.0 7.26160 12 0;8 9..3 2- @446, =0 12 0;8 678 @10;12

418- 12LEVER HOUSE ! @6 .28 .3 0;8 8941860 60884 2- >466 .78 0.@896 2- 0;8 960 6=7; 012 N8@ Y.9 C10<

N.098 D:8 C0;8-94, P916 F9278 ! OLDEST CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE!EARLY GOTHIC





9.38661.24 2:8 .3 C;9486 d-.=9- J8228980 (#&!#%$5), S@166!F9827; 97;10870,12089, 2- @91089, @;. ;- :.9 8870 .2 0;8 -884.:820 .3 :.-892 97;10870=98PHILOSOPHY T;8 ;.=68 16 :7;128 0. 418 12

WORKSP478 .3 0;8 L8>=8 .3 N01.26, G828 (#%"&!#%") T;8 S@166 B=14-12> 0 0;8 C10 U2189610198, P916 (#%#!#%")U210 -'H1001.2 (#%$!#%5")2 90:820 ;.=68 12 M9681448, F9278N.098 D:8 -= H=0 (#%5!#%55) 14>91:>8 7;=97; 12 R.27;:, F9278H1>; C.=90 B=14-12>6 (#%5"!#%5$) C;2-e>9;, I2-1

K;2, L.=16 I(6-.98) (#%#!#%&),A:89172 97;10870 2- 087;89, @;.68 .91>124, .@893=4 -861>26 12 917 2- 7.279808;1: 9.:12820 478 12 "0;!7820=9< 97;10870=98H1>;4< .9-898- 68=8278 .3 678 Z 2.48 609=70=94 6<608:6

PHILOSOPHY

S897;12> 3.9 :089146 @20 0. 8

WORKS Y48 A90 G4489< @/ D.=>46 O99A4398- [email protected] R17;9-6 M8-174 C82089



F9827; 97;10870, .28 .3 0;8 :.60 1:.9020 1.28896 .3 0;8 :.-892 F9827; 60<48A-.70.9 .3 98123.978- 7.279808 97;10870=98 THEORIES

T;8 09=0; 16 12-1682648 12 97;10870=98 Z 889< 97;10870=98 418 7.=99=06 A2< 9.870 16 - 13 10 16 :.98 -17=40 .9 :.98 7.:41708- 0. 7.2609=70 0;8 2878669WORKS T;8 T8:48 T.@89 #%, E?.6101.2 U2189648 12 P916 T;8 A90:820 B=14-12> R=8 F92412F9827; L8>01.2, I602=4 T;8098 D86 C;:6, L<6886 ! 98-861>212>, .91>124 < V2 -84 V84-8N.098 D:8 C;=97;, P916P478 .3 0;8 L8>=8 .3 N01.26, G828E184 M.2=:820, P916P478 .3 0;8 S.1806, M.67.@

A:89172 97;10870, @;. @6 1.2889 .3 0;8 :.-892 60<48 H8 16 7.261-898- .28 .3 0;8>980860 >=986 12 "0;!7820=9< 97;10870=98



F12216;!A:89172 97;10870 2- -861>289, 6.2 .3 E4184 S91282 2- .28 .3 0;8 48-12>97;108706 .3 0;8 :1-!"0; 7820=9<PHILOSOPHIES

F=2701.2 12=82786 =0 -.86 2.0 -17008 3.9:S1910=4 3=2701.2 16 1268948 39.: 970174 3=2701.2A97;10870=98 16 2.0 =60 0. 3=444 :26 84183 12 0;8 2.1410< .3 ;16 8?61608278 .2 890;WORKSS120 L.=16 J8896.2 N01.24 E?261.2 M8:.914 T;8 G82894 M.0.96 T87;2174 C82089, W9982 M17;1>2#%!#%5$A19 F.978 A7-8:<US E:66< 12 L.2-.2 T;8 C;84 Z K986>8 A=-10.91=:, M667;=668006 I26010=08 .3 T87;2.4.>< TWA T89:124, K8228-< T89:124, NY ! I2 3.9 : .3 19- .=0 0. <

TJ W06.2 R86897; C82089, Y.9 T.@2, NY T;8 C;84 .3 C.27.9-1 S821.9 C.448>8G08@< A97;, S0 L.=16

F12216;!A:89172 97;10870, @;. 609.2>4< 12=8278- :.-892 97;10870=98P.=49 @/ 914@< 6001.2 -861>26 8687144< 12 E=9.8"2- 478 12 0;8 C;17>. T91=28 T.@89

PHILOSOPHY B8=0< >9.@6 39.: 0;8 28786610< 2.0 39.: 9880101.2 .3 3.9:=46

WORKSC92.. S7;..4, M17;1>2C;9160 C;=97;, M1228.416H846121 R149.- S001.2, F1242-N01.24 M=68=: F1242-



I0412 97;10870 2- 82>12889, @;.68 087;2174 122.01.26, 9017=494< 12 0;8 =68 .398123.978- 7.279808, :-8 .66148 860;801744< 48612> 6.4=01.26 0. -17=40 609=70=99.48:6D167.898- 3899.!78:820. ! 7.26160 .3 4<896 .3 28 60884 :86; 69<8- @/ 78:820 :.909 Z 10 7.=4- 8 =68- 810;

6;844 7.2609=701.2 .9 3.9 ;8189 =2106 @/ 98123.9712> 9.-6 1268908- 80@882 0;8 4<896 .:.909 Z :86;WORKSM=21714 S0-1=: F4.98278F10 F70.9<, T=912I0412 E:66<, B9141P4 A=-18278 H44, V0172 C10<A=609412 E:66<, P916

A:89172 97;10870 2- 087;89, .28 .3 0;8 :.60 12=82014 97;10870=94 0;8.91606 .3 0;"0; 7820=9<PHILOSOPHIES W8 9.:.08 2 97;10870=98 986.2618 0. 0;8 7.:48?10186 2- 7.209-1701.26 .3 0;8:.-892 8?8918278 T;8 9017=4910186 .3 7.208?0, 0;8 9180186 .3 0;8 =6896 0608 C=400;8 6<:.417 Z -87.9018 -170086 .3 0;8 9.>9: L866 16 B.98M.98 16 M.98 M.-892 :.8:820 @6 4:.60 91>;0WORKSW489 Z D=24. O78 B=14-12> T926.9001.2 S=98, W6;12>0.2M6089 P42 Z U92 D861>2 .3 C413.921 C10<C.28201.2 C82089, C.28961.2 42 C2-W860 M.=20 A19< C4=60898- H.=612> P42P;14-84;1



J2868 97;10870, 0;8 :.60 9.:12820 :.-892 97;10870 .3 0;8 7.=209< I2 ;16 -861>26=417 =14-12>6, ;6 987.27148- "0;!7820=9< W860892 60<486 2- :089146 @10; 09-101. J2868 3.9:6F=9<=A201 984160 0010=-8, 201 701.2 848:820 12 0;8 J2868 4138PHILOSOPHIES M.-892 A97;10870=98 288- 2.0 8 W860892 T;8 710< :=60 8 6=8708- 0. >9.@0;, -87< 2- 9828@4

H.=68 .3 M17;848940, V1822

S20.91. -1 P1:., F1242-

N.098 D:8 -= R127<, F9278

S>9- -8 F:141

US C10.4, W6;12>0.2 DC

G46>.@ S7;..4 .3 A90

P809.26 T.@896, K=4 L=:=9

F4019.2 B=14-12>, NY

J8@16; M=68=:, B89412

TWA T89:124

H846121 R14@< S001.2

L.6 M2201486, M8?17.

J< P91089 P141.2, USA

T418612 W860, A91.2

M=217; O4<:17 S0-1=:





CHRYSLER BUILDING, NYUN B=14-12>

DULLES AIRPORT VIRGINIA, USA

THE ESPLANADE S12>.98

DUBAI BURJ!AL!ARAB

HSBC H.2>.2>

WORLD TRADE CENTER N8@ Y.9

TAIPEI ## TAIPEI,TAIWAN

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM B14.,S12

T1. C=40=94 C82089, N8@ C48-.21

J=1488 C;=97;, R.:8

CCTV C;12

S>120.84 B91->8

E4 A=-10.91. -8 T8289138

C;=97; .3 0;8 L1>;0, O6

A4412 A982

L4.<-6 B=14-12>, L.2-.2

T.998 A>9

JIN MAO TOWER S;2>;1 ! N=:89 .3 ..96

H81>;0 "$ :80896 -861>2 :.60 98389 0. 0;8 2=:89 , 2 =6171.=6 2=:89 3.9 C;12868



GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM N8@ Y.9

J.;2 H27.7 C82089 C;17>.

THE LOUVRE

CITIC PLAA G=2>;.=, C;12

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING N8@ Y.9

CENTRAL PLAA H.2> K.2>

SEARS TOWER C;17>.

T@. I2089201.24 F12278 C82098 H.2> K.2>

R.7 2- R.44 H44 .3 F:8 C48842-, O;1.

SHUN HING S*UARE S;82;82, C;12

E60 B=14-12>, N01.24 G4489< .3 A90 #%& W6;12>0.2, DC

ST PAULS CATHEDRAL, LONDON (#$&5!#&#

#60 S=68261.2 B91->8

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA ! N=:89 .3 ..96 H81>;0 5" :80896

EGLIS STE GENEVIEVE (THE PANTHEON (#&55!#&%") PARIS FRANCE

ROYAL CRESCENT, BATH ENGLAND (#&$&!#&&5)

ROYAL CHAPEL, THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES (#&&!#&#) FRANCE

SEARS TOWER, CHICAGO (#%&!#%&$) ## STOREY N=:89 .3 ..96 ##

H81>;0 :80896 60144 0;8 044860 =14-12> 13 0;8 208226 98 1274=-8- ;6 0;8 ;1>;860 .77=18- ..96





A20.21. S12-1.2>

A20.21. T.48-.

A20.21. T.48-.

A20.21. T.48-.A20.21. T.48-.

A20.21. T.48-.C94.6 A9>=84486

C94.6 A9>=84486

C94.6 S20.6!V1.4

C94.6 S20.6!V1.4

C94.6 S20.6!V1.4

C869 C.271.

C869 C.271.

C869 C.271.

C869 C.271.C869 C.271.

C;1 G., D86= G.

C9868271. C C609.

C9868271. C C609.

F8418 M82-.

F8418 M82-.

F8418 M82-.F8418 M82-.

F8922-. O7:.



F8922-. O7:.

F8922-. O7:.

F927167. M2.6

F927167. M2.6

F927167. M2.6

F927167. M2.6

F927167. M2.6

G12. -8 L8.2

G9184 F.9:.6.

G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896

G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896

G9184 F.9:.6. Z P902896

G=14489:. T.482012.

J.9>8 R:.6

J.9>8 R:.6

J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6



J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6

J.68 M 9>.6 J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442. J=2 A98442. J=2 A98442.

J=2 A98442.

J=2 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14 J=2 N14 J=2 N14 J=2 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14



J=2 N14

J=2 N14 J=2 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

L=16 M 9>.6 A9280

Mf.6 B9.0;896

M2=84 G.O0141. A98442.



O0141. A98442.

O0141. A98442.

P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.

P4. A20.21.P43.? Z A66.71086P43.? Z A66.71086P43.? Z A66.71086P43.? Z A66.71086P43.? Z A66.71086

R17;9- K166412>

R.>841. V1449.6

T.:6 B M=

T.:6 B M=

T.:6 B M=

T.:6 B M=

W4089 G9.1=6

W1441: C.67.44=84



W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: C.67.44=84W1441: C.67.44=84W1441: C.67.44=84W1441: C.67.44=84W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: C.67.44=84

W1441: P96.2W1441: P96.2W1441: P96.2

W1441: P96.2

W1441: P96.2W1441: P96.2

L82-9. L.7612

R871. C66/ KPFG9184 F.9:.6.

G9184 F.9:.6.

W1441: C.67.44=84/ SOM

A20.21. S12-1.2>

A20.21. S12-1.2>A-912 W146.2 J=2 N14

GF 2- P902896



F92716. Mf.6

W1441: C.67.44=84GF 2- P902896

R871. C66L82-9. L.7612

GF 2- P902896 / SOM

W1441: C.67.44=84/ SOMG9184 F.9:.6.

A2.21. S12-1.2>

G9184 F.9:.6.

V178208 C R.-91>=8/ M8-1 A N69-1

G9184 F.9:.6.

E2>971. M912.

G9184 F.9:.6.

R.>841. V1449.6

R.>841. V1449.6

A2>84 N14

R871. C66

O0141. A98442./ F8418 M82-.

A20.21. S12-1.2>G9184 P F.9:.6.

RMJM

C94.6 A9>=84486



A20.21. S12-1.2>

L82-9. L.7612

P43.?/ SOM

G9184 F.9:.6.

J.68 M 9>.

P4. S A20.21. S9

Mf.6 B9.0;896

W1441: C.67.44=84

L82-9. L.7612/ D.:1217 G4171

GF 2- P902896

F8922-. O7:.

L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612

P4. S A20.21. S9

A20.21. T.48-.

C9868271. D8 C609.

G9184 F.9:.6.

F927167. Mf.6L82-9. V L.7612

L82-9. V L.7612



F9.142 H.2>

L82-9. V L.7612

J.9>8 R:.6

L82-9. L.7612

L82-9. L.7612C94.6 A9>=84486/ G9184 F.9:.6.

G9184 F.9:.6. (9868901.2)

C94.6 S20.6!V1.4

A4398-. L=

G9184 F.9:.6.

R.>841. V1449.6

C94.6 A9>=84486

L82-9. V L.7612

W1441: P96.26

W1441: P96.26/ L82-9. V L.7612

P4. S A20.21. S9

A97826, P<=:. Z A2-98@6



C869 C.271.

L82-9. L.7612

J.68 M 9>.

P4. S A20.21. S9P4. S A20.21. S9A2>84 N14

J=2 N14

J=2 N14C94.6 A9>=84486 J=2 N14 J.68 M 9>.

G42

F8922-. O7:.

F8922-. O7:.

F8922-. O7:.

W1441: P96.26

J=2 H896

J=2 N14 J=2 N14

P4. S A20.21. S9A20.21. T.48-P4. S A20.21. S9F8-8917. I4=6098

A2-986 L=2 -8 S2 P8-9.



A2>84 N14

P4. S A20.21. S9

J=2 N14

A20.21. S12-1.2>

G9184 F.9:.6.

J=2 A98442.

O0141. A98442.

W1441: P96.26

A20.21. T.48-. J.68 M 9>.

J=2 A98442.

F8-8917. I4=6098

J=2 A98442./ T.48-./D=28

A2-986 L=2 -8 S2 P8-9.A2-986 L=2 -8 S2 P8-9.

W1441: P96.26 2- A20.21. T.48-.

T.:6 B M=

T.:6 B M=

W1441: P96.26/ L82-9. V L.7612

O0141. A98442.



C869 C27;84

A20.21. T.48-.

L=16 A9280

C94.6 A9>=84486

P4. S A20.21. S9

P4. S A20.21. S9

F8418 M82-.G9184 F.9:.6.A97-1. A98442./ J=2 A98442.

A4398-. L=

F8922-. O7:.

J=2 H896

O0141. A98442.

A2>84 N14

L=712. O4189/ M2=84 Mf.6 (9860.901.2)

V170.91. C E--86

R.>841. V1449.6

J=2 H896

A20.21. S12-1.2>/ F8922-. O7:.

D.:12-.9 L=>0=





E2>971. M912. / SOM

P;141 R870.

A90 A47209W1441: C.67.44=84

L82-9. V L.7612

P8-9. P1:82084/ M8-1 N69-1

V178208 R.-91>=8/ M8-1 N69-1

F8418 M82-.

P;141 R870.

Mf.6 B9.0;896

RR P<=:.

C94.6 S20.6!V1.4

R.>841. V1449.6

F927167. Mf.6A20.21. S12-1.2>R.>841. V1449.6F927167. Mf.6GF 2- P902896/ KPF

W1441: C.67.44=84

F927167. Mf.6

J.68 M 9>.

N17 F841712.

F927167. Mf.6

F8418 M82-.G9184 F.9:.6./ N860.9 M2>1.



W1441: V C.67.44=84

P4. S A20.21. S9

R871. C66W1441: C.67.44=84/ IM P81GF 2- P902896

G9184 F.9:.6.

W1441: C.67.44=84

G 2- W

F927167. Mf.6

F927167. Mf.6

F8418 M82-.

F927167. Mf.6

L82-9. V L.7612

Mf.6 B9.0;896

F927167. Mf.6

J=2 A98442.

G9184 F.9:.6. T8:48 .3 L=?.9A= S1:84P<9:1- .3 K12> .689 T;8 G980 P<9:1-



P90;8.2

E987;0;8=:E1-=9=6 T;8089

T;8 P20;8.2 T92'6 F.9=:

C.4.668=:

W;108 H.=68

C10.4 .3 0;8 U2108- S0086

N01.24 G4489< O3 A90

W6;12>0.2 M.2=:820U2189610< .3 V19>121M667;=68006 S008 H.=68S120 P0917'6 C0;8-94C.2287017=0 S008 C10.4M.201744.N8@ Y.9 C10< H44

F4412>@089

G=>>82;81: M=68=:

C..248< H.=68

E2216 H.=68

J.;26.2 W? B=14-12>

L912 B=14-12>

W12>698-

G.4-82 G08 B91->8 T;8 L.=98 T=1489186P416 R.<4



S798!7.8=9

H.084 -8 V1448

A97 -8 T91.:;8

P.:1-.= C82098

N.098 D:8 -8 P916P916O89 H.=68E4<688 P478H.084 -8 I241-86L M-84128S.9.228C;9486 C0;8-94

A:182'6 C0;8-94R;81:6 C0;8-94E184 [email protected] D:8 -= H=0V144 S.<8

B=9>0;8089

B89412 O89 H.=68

W=9=9> R861-82

E1260812 T.@89

B91016; M.68=:S416=9< C0;8-94*=882'6 H.=68

S.:89680 H.=68

S0 P=4'6 C0;8-94

C;16@17 H.=68W860:126089 P478



G46>.@ S7;..4 .3 A90

D=9;: 70;8-94

B=712>;: P478

T8:48 .3 H882H>1 S.

C0;8-94 .3 S182P16 C0;8-94

F4.98278 C0;8-94

K9 -86 C;841896A4;:9

C6 B044.C6 M14S>9- F:141

T M;4

P.< C;=97;V1>2 C;=97;

S20 M91 C;=97;

T=:=121 C;=97;A2>0 C;=97;B96.12 C;=97;S2 S86012 C;=97;S2 A=>=60128 C;=97;

T4 C;=97;

D9> C;=97;M1>. C;=97;

S20. N12. -8 C8= B61417

PBC.: T.@89

P809.2 M8> P4



GT I2089201.24 T.@89

R.126.2'6 E=1048 T.@89

ICEC (LKG) T.@89

P717 P4 T.@89 #Z "R.?6 T912>48 # Z "

P809.26 T.@89

S896 T.@89

J12 M. B=14-12>

P4 R<0

E:198 S008 B=14-12>

C82094 P4

B2 .3 C;12

E:19086 T.@89 I

T;8 C82089

T Z C T.@89

AON C82089

J.;2 H27.7 C82089

S;=2 H12> S=98



C1017 P4 (S< C82089 P4)

B=9 A4!A9 H.084

B1<.8 T.@89 "

C;9<6489 B=14-12>

B2 .3 A:89172 P4

L199< T.@89

M4<61 T8487.: H*

AT Z T C.9.908 C82089

C;68 T.@89

R<=><.2> H.084

0;8 960 97;10870 0. 8 7.238998- 0;8 N01.24 A90160 @9- 12 #%& 3.9 ;16 .=0602-048206 2- 6891786 12 798012> 8-1786, .0; 9108 2- =417, 0;0 98 7.2780=44< -861>28- 2- 7.26718201.=64< 8?87=08- # G89.21:. R8<86 B=14-12>

" C10.4 T;8098 R14 0;8098 M214 J.78< C4=5 *=8.2 I26010=8$ UP -:12160901.2 =14-12> (*=8.2 H44)& L199< B=14-12> (G.2486 H44) SSS (=68 .3 3.4-8- 7.279808 4086 6 860;8017 380=986)



. "2- N01.24 A90160 .3 A97;10870=98 . B=14-12>6# B84!A19 A4;:9 A90:8206" S<=1 A90:8206 S8 T.@89 90:8206 F9 E60892 U2189610< B=14-12>5 I-84 T;8098$ L<917 T;8098& M< =14-12> (9168 6.4814)

. M.60 9.417 90160!-861>289

. B=14-12>6# L8>164018 =14-12>, :.9 @.9" P.60 O78 =14-12> M809..4102 T;8098

R14 M8:.914 S0-1=:5 B82108 H44 (UP)$ M47.4: H44 (UP)

. M6089 .3 N8.746617160 60<48

. A:.2> 0;8 960 97;10870!8-=70.96

. A6616020 0. W1441: P96.26

. B=14-12>6

# C8= C=60.: H.=68" N01.24 M=68=: B=14-12> C10< H44 .3 M214

. B=14-12>6# C;=97; .3 0;8 R1682 L.9- (UP)" M847;.9 H44 (UP! E2>Z A97; =14-12>)) P4: H44 (UP!CAS =14-12>)) I26=49 L138 B=14-12> (#60 9168 6.4814)5 C;14-9826 H.6104 (NORTH G82894 H.6104/J.68 R8<86 H.6104 P4. C9=



I:48:82001.2 .3 D B=92;:6 426

#%&$ M.60 8=013=4 H.084 12 0;8 @.94-#%& L1; A@9-88 (UAP H1>;860)#%% ! 9- N01.24 A90160 3.9 A97;10870=98

;8 9.-=78- &# 9861-82786, # =14-12>6 2- 6=40208 478

0;8 960 98>160898- 97;10870 12 0;8 P;1411286 2- @.98- @10; 0;8 B=98= .3 P=417 W.

0;8 960 2- .24< A90 N.8= ;1>;!9168 12 0;8 P;1411286. P=417 -:1216090.9 -.708- B=14-12> C.-8 .3 M214

P9898- -884.:820 42 3.9M214 Z B>=1. (6=::89 7104) R841278 B=14-12>, C;17>. M.2-2.7 B=14-12>, C;17>. P1- $ @88 1610 0. P;1411286 P9898- 6108 3.9

# M214 H.084" A9:< Z N< C4= P;141128 G82894 H.6104 P.60 O78

. A.1208- < CG T30 6 7.26=4012> 97;10870 3.9 0;8 A:891726

. I26=49 I78 P420 Z S0.9>8, 960 49>8 =14-12> 898708- < A:891726

. P1.28898- 0;8 680012> = .3 2 A97;10870=94 Z S=98<12> .78 12 0;8 P;1411286

0;8 6.2 .3 0;8 >980 F14112. 12089 J=2 L=2 . P.=4918- 0;8 E4 N1-. 60<48. B=14-12>6# L8>9- E48:209< S7;..4" R8>12 B=14-12> C9<604 A97-8 N011-- B=14-12>

5 P898!S:2144. B=14-12>$ I26=49 L138

;16 :.60 82-=912> 7.2091=01.2 16 0;8 M= 126010=08 .3 T87;2.4.><, @;17; 16 0;8 .4-86097;10870=94 67;..4 12 0;8 7.=209<



*=1. C;=97; T;8 E89 T;8089 [ 0;8 960 0. =68 >466 6 9.:12820 97;10870=94 :08914

M121 S;9128 B02>6R14 H.:8 R860.901.2B.21371. M.2=:820SSS B4->S2 M1>=84 C;=97;UP -:12 B4-> Z C.26890.9< .3 M=617

P;14 N01.24 2M214 R149.- C.:2<FEUM214 C10< H44 ( @/ T.48-.)

R14 M8:.914P.60 O78 B=14-12> 0 L1@62> B.21371.A>917=40=98 B4-> (@/ A20.21. T.48-.)

L8>164018 B4-> (2.@ 0;8 N01.24 M=68=:) .2 A>912 C19748 [ 28.74661716:

S=98:8 C.=90*=8.2 M8:.914 C19748OLD MIAGSIS

V808926 M8:.914 B4->A612 I26010=08 .3 T87; B2>.M214 C10< H44 ( @/ A98442.)L8>164018 B4-> ( @/ A98442.)A>917=40=98 B4-> ( @/ A98442.)F12278 B4->B7492 C;=97;

. F1960 F14112. 97;10870 @10; 7-8:17 -8>988 9.- (P8226<421)

. P1.288912> S0 .3 D1161.2 .3 A97;10870=98

* I H.6104 ! 6=891:.68- 2018 0.=7; .2 0;8 90 -87. 3-8 0;9.=>; 0;8 ;1>;!19..3 12 0;8 782094 =14-12>

M809..4102 T;8098 ! 7.4.9160 90 -87., 7.261-898- 6 0;8 8210; .3 A90 D87. 860;80170;8 P;1411286, 8?0891.9 2- 120891.9 8?;110 4.744< :8-108- 9.7;86 6=7; 6 -801409.174 39=106 2- .9 :.0136, :.. 216089 91412>6, 798- 22 2- :2>. 78984183, 2- B01 :.617 008926



US P9.086020 C;=97;P8980=4 H84 C;=97;UP E2>'> Z 41894 A906 B4->C;14-9826 H.6104ABS CBN *C

DBP ! M01M214 H140.2UPLB M608942UP S.714 S718278 Z H=:210186 C82089M4722>M214 H.084PGH (T.:6 M=)P;14 N.9:4 7.448>8M214 C0;8-94 R8;141001.2

UST C;84A201.4. C;=97;

B>=1.L=280 P9O4- C.2>9866 B4-> (L8>164018 B4->)

M214 POLO C4=FEU M12 B4->L<917 I-84 T;80;89 J1 A41C82094 2 .3 0;8 P;1411286A612 I260 O3 M2>8:20 ! M01S2 A>=6012 C;=97;

# M214 H.084" A9:< Z N< C4= P;141128 G82894 H.6104 P;141128 N.9:4 S7;..45 W.:826 D.9:10.9< .3 0;8 N.9:4 S7;..4$ U2189610< H44 .3 0;8 U2189610< .3 0;8 P;1411286 (P-98 F=9)& YMCA =14-12> E46 C4=% M214 C4=# G4-.2 67;..4;.=68, :.60 16148, 5 9.0.0<86



UST M12 B4->A9280 C.4168=:S0. D.:12>. C;=97;*=1. C;=97; (#%5 R860.901.2)I>4861 21 K9160.

N8@ E9R=6026 *CS=4. H.084 987.2609=701.2

V160 D8 L.9.

S2 B8- C;84# L8>9- E48:8209< S7;..4 [ F9827; 982166278

P898!S:2144. B=14-12> [ 90 -87. 2- :.-892 60<48

C9<604 A97-8 [ 90 -87. 2- :.-892 60<48, 987=96.9 .3 0;8 :.-892!-< 6;.12> :

M4722> 9861-8278UP C0;.417 C;84

S0 A2-986 C;=97; ! M01M2-912 ;.084

N01.24 A906 C82089NAIAM214 H.084 , N8@CCP, PICC, FAT, P;147108,807

E-6 S;9128

L6 P126 C;=97; R860.901.2S2 M1>=84 O78 4-> ! O901>6

" R384 F8922-8 H.=68 [ F9827; 982166278 2- .714 9861-8278 .3 C.9.2 A=12-=912> ;89 9861-827<

5 P89126 H.=68 [ 46. 2.@2 6 E4 N1-. (T;8 N860), @9-8- 960 918 12 M2146 #H.=68 B8=013=4 C.20860

I602 N=9=4 I:2 (P478 .3 R841>1.=6 L1>;0) [ 0;8 478 .3 0;8 S=402 .3 B9=281, @;17;98120899806 09-101.24 I64:17 S.=0;860 A612 :.0136 68- .2 :.-892160 1-1.:

C.7.2=0 P478 4=?=91.=6 >=860;.=68 0 0;8 CCP C.:48? I0 6;.@768- -.=48 9..98:12167820 .3 0;8 64.0 ( @1-8 91::8- ;0) 2- 6@12>!.=0 (2!0=.-) @[email protected].@8- 39.: 0;8 ;< =.



A20.21. P717P717 P4A41 M44SMC;12 B2 ! P68. -8 R.?6

T80108 [email protected] B..60.986S;2>914 E-6 P4S;2>914 M01K12>6 C.=90 # Z "S14;16 H.084S0844 M916 C.448>8M214 D.70.96 H.6104 T1:86 T;8089

M01 M8- C82089*=8.2 C10< H44D8 L 6448 U2189610<N=9686 H.:8g UY!CHACO =14-12>

R.126.2'6 G4891

*=1. M.6=8P;14 H890 782089M8947. B=14-12>

. M>6<6< C82089

. WHO =14-12>

. E9:10 C82089

. F801 U2189610< B=14-12>

. A:66-.9 H.084 (#60 6<67989 96)

. UST 68:129< =14-12>



g AYALA TOWER #, A<4 A82=8, M01 C10< (7.26=4020 SOM)

g ONE SAN MIGUEL, .901>6

g ESSENSA TOWERS (P4. A20.21. 9)

C461. C;=97;, P2>6122L.> C;=97;, I4.7.6 N.908L6 P126 C;=97;L..7 C;=97; B.;.4

M214 C0;8-94

M1>. C;=97;, 14.14.

M.9.2> C;=97;, R14P2< C;=97;, R14

g PLDT TOWER, A<4 82=8, M01 C10<g $&%, A<4 82=8, M01 C10<g CITIBANK TOWER, P68. -8 R.?6, M01 C10<g AYALA LIFE FGU, A<4 82=8, M01 C10<g E*UITABLE BANK TOWERS,g RENNAISANCE "g RENNAISANCE TOWERS

g PACIFIC PLAA TOWERS, F.90 B.21371. (9=10870.217)g ICEC TOWER, :214 (K.;2 P8089682 F.? A66.71086)g KINGSWOOD, V10. C9=, M01 C10<g MANANSALA TOWER, R.7@844 782089, M01 C10<

g GT INTERNATIONAL TOWER, A<4 82=8, M01 C10<g OAKWOOD PREMIER RESIDENCEg PBCOM TOWER, A<4 82=8, M01 C10<

g PETRON, MEGAPLAAg JIN MAO TOWER

g ROCKWELL (SOM)

g FORBES TOWER, :214 (RMJM L.2-.2 =241:108-)



*=1. C;=97;

S2 A>=6012 C;=97;

W.94- T9-8 C82089 [

J.68 M 9>.6C94.6 A9>=84486E-:=2-. L=789.F927167. F9-.G12. -8 L8.2C89 -8 -1.6A20.21. T=94 ! A97;10870=98C869 C.271. ! E219.2:8204 P42289







CHOICES A CHOICES B CHOICES C

J.68 S1. L12> W1441: C.67=44=84 7 G9184 F.9:.6.

982166278 8748701716: 7 90 2.=8= 7;!610!6= :6=!>=:1 7 0..2.:

:=40.9< 217;8 7 8?8-9 <9:1- .3 .689 <9:1- .3 K;=3= 7 <9:1- .3 C;8.6

C;9086 70;8-94 S.166.26 70;8-94 7 L<.2 70;8-94

A49 A40. F92 L4.<- W91>;0 7 M186 2 -89 R.;8

I:;.08 A:828:;0 7 L1.2 IM P81 K82. T2>8 7 T-. A2-.

C;8.6 C;83982 7 K;=3=

C;=97; .3 S2 V1048 7 H>1 I9828

A49 A40. E89. S91282 7 W4089 G9.1=6 A60<49 B9012 7 C98284

=>82-6014 E89. S91282 7 R17;9- J.683 N8=09

7800. 60<49 7 798284

0892748 4-7;12. 7 47=291

7800. 8:966=986 7 9012

F8418 M82-. 7 J=2 N14

<9:1- .3 .689 <9:1- .3 K;=3= 7 <9:1- .3 C;8.6

0892748 4-7;12. 7 47=291

8: 7.26.48 7 780. 9012 122748 7 :12980

F8418 M82-. 7 J=2 N14

A:828:;0 I 1:;.08 7 S82=6980 I :=40.9< 217;8 7 8?8-9

B61417 .3 S120A.441298 N=..

C869 H.:89C.271.

C869 H.:89C.271.



7;!610!6= 0..2:2 7 :6=!>=:1

.70>.24 ;8?>.24 7 98702>=49

F92 L4.<- W91>;0 E89. S91282 7 R17;9- J.683 N8=09

A:828:;0 I 1:;.08 7 S82=6980 I

E917; M82-846.;2 W840.2 B8780 7 R17;9- J.683 N8=09

79.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208? 60. 089.: 7 208?

79.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208?

P20;8.2 P90;82.2 7 A79..416

279.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208? 6=98 98702>48 7 9.=2-

P90;82.2 P9.<48 7 P089.:

;84: 9..3 7 7.4=:29 09808-

9.:2 >988 7 8<012

78:820 :948 7 41:8

7800. 798284 7 09789<

#$& #&$ 7 #$

79.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208?

P20;8.2 P90;82.2 7 .0;87 983870.9< 7.9084 7 68

;84: 9..3 7 7.4=:29 09808-

7.9120;12 -.917 7 7.:.6108

9176 78:820 7 41:8

D.:174 9..37.2609=701.2

D.:174 9..37.2609=701.2



P90;82.2 20;8:1.2 7 79.0891.2

8-1:820 82-82018 7 97;1098 # ## 7 #"

60. 089.: 7 208?

0=:=41 -10894 7 9<0891.2

6.906 7.:80101.2 >4-10.914 7.208606 7 :90;.2 978

;84: 9..3

9.:286=8 982166278 7 9.=8

R:8686 I R:8686 II 7 R:8686 III

79.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208?

J.68 H89989 J=2 N14 7 C869 C.271.

A49 A40. F92 L4.<- W91>;0 7 I21>. J.286

A20.21. G=14489:. G=14489:. T.482012. 7 A20.21. T.482012.

4012 79.66 >988 79.66 7 82>416; 79.66

F8418 M82-. G9184 F.9:.6. 7 L82-9. L.7612

E89. S91282 A49 A40. 7 H82281=8

2.6 290;8? 7 68

J.68 H89989 J=2 N14 7 C869 C.271.

4012 79.66 >988 79.66 7 82>416; 79.66

F8418 M82-. G9184 F.9:.6. 7 L82-9. L.7612

A60<49 :;1!9.60<48 7 -10894

J.68 S1. L12> A20.21. S12 D1.2> 7 G14890 Y=

D.:174 9..37.2609=701.2

7 7.:4=:2909808-



E917; M82-846.;2 L8 C.9=6189 7 M186 2 -89 R.;8

C869 C.271. F8418 M82-. 7 T.:6 M=

3.9=: P90;82.2 7 >.9

T.:6 M= J=2 N14 7 J.68 H89989 860 @860 7 2.90; :. 8: 7 7844 S;; J42 S;; J;2 7 S;; R8

:. 8: 7 7844

L6 P12 C0;8-94 7 *=1. C;=97;

F9.142 H.2> G9184 F.9:.6. 7 G8.9>8 R:.6

T.:6 M= J=2 N14 7 J.68 H89989 :. 8: 7 7844

J.68 H89989 J=2 N14 7 C869 C.271.

G9184 F.9:.6. G8.9>8 R:.6 7 F9.142 H.2>

2.6 290;8? 7 68

:. 8: 7 7844

A201.4. C;=97; A2>.2. 7;=97; 7 J4!J4 C;=97;

L1.2 M28617486 7 T;89.2 P;1-16 P0.48:< III 7 C441:7;=6

C94.6 R.-91>=8 7 L=16 S.91 < M0

7 T;89.2 2- L1.2

L1.2 :28617486 7 T;89.2

B<20128 R.:286=8 7 S978217

H-912 B892121 7 V109=1=6

P2< C0;8-94 12C1

F841? O=08912.C2-84

C44179086 2-I7012=6

A20;8:1=6 2-I61-.9=6





C197=6 V912=6 C197=6 M?1:=6 7 C197=6 .3 M?8201=6

N8 M.21

144 -.:=6 7 091=: ;.=68 428=: -.:=6 7 126=48

60. 089.: 7 208?

126=48 .=48=0891.2 7 -.:=6 081-91=: 741-91=: 7 6=-0.91=:

:. 8: 7 7844

144 -.:=6 7 091=: ;.=68

144 -.:=6 7 091=: ;.=68 .-<0891 741-91=: 7 6=-0.91=:

M= UST 7 L178. -8 M214

428=: -.:=6 7 126=48 126=48 .=48=0891.2 7 -.:=6

E4184 S91282 M186 2 -89 R.;8 7 F92 L4.<- W91>;0

79.0891.2 20;8:1.2 7 208?

.-<0891 741-91=: 7 6=-0.91=:

;<41 T986=9< .3 A089=6 7 N8 R.=:0

144 -.:=6 7 126=48

J=41=6 C869 7 N89.

W.9:6 C0;8-94 T.=921 C0;8-94 7 T9189 C0;8-94

F.9=: R.:2=: I:8914 F.9=: 7 F.9=: C=8-1216

860 @860 7 2.90; 7197=49 79.66!0<8 7 98702>=49 081-91=: 741-91=: 7 6=-0.91=:

:8>9.2 0;4:=6 7 1>>=906

C;=97; .3 S120S1:.2

7 C;=97; .3 0;8 M.60H.4< T91210<, P.90=>4

V86612/D:.21012



M17;84 G986 R.890 AM S0892 7 H84:=0 J;2

K=21. M<8@ G<. O0 7 I8.; M12 P81

7114 >.892:820 9108 =612866 7 7;916012 7;=97;

A90 2.=8= A90 :.-8928 7 A90 -87.

091=: .-1=: 7 6;=0089

A97-1. A98442. J=2 A98442. 7 T.:6 A9>=8486

I64:17 C;12868 7 E><012

14.016 091=: 7 7.4.22-8-

>=860 ;.=68

S2 F8922-. B67. 7 V1>2

8480.9 60884 8: 7, 7=9012 @44 6<608:

:=441.2 ;8-89 7 980

97; 2- =40 60<48

4112> =90896 .3:991>848 >1946 7 4112> =90896 .3:991>848 7;84.96

7.4=:29 2-09808- 60<48

7 =009866 2- -.:860<48



C869 P8441 7 CY L88 2- 902896

@4< 4:12 7 0.9.>2

T4 7;=97; S2 A>=6012 7;=97;

I04< F9278 7 S12 M=641: I2-12 7 J2868

M144821=: D.:8 G8.-8617 D.:8

< @12-.@ .9184 @12-.@ 7 .@ @12-.@

V448< .3 0;8 N148 M86..0:1 7 C;12

, M78-.2126 G9886 7 E><0126

U4: C0;8-94 L.2 C0;8-94 7 C.4.>28 C0;8-94

J.;2 W8 C;9160.;89 W982 7 H=>; M<

B9:208 S2>44. 7 B892121

C;9486 M..98 7 A4-. R.661

R:8686 I R:8686 II 7 S82=6980 I

S0.28 W..- 7 M948

P<4.2 P9.<48 7 P9<0891.2

S1-:.98, O@12>62- M899144

7 S2 S860127;=97;

7 A0;826 O4<:176

D.:8

O6@4- M0;16U2>896



P90;82.2 P20;8.2 7 A0;82 N18

A97; 2- =40 T9808- 7 F4<12> =009866

C.:.6108 L.0=6 7 D.917

S=127; D.:8 82-82018 7 O21.2 D.:8

M948 G92108 7 B917

P90;82.2 A:;10;8098 7 P20;8.2

P089.: P089.2 7 A2016

R=2212> B.?12> 7 G4-10.914 C.208606

S0. C.44.2-8 7 P9.:82-8

P8968.416 A79..416 7 >.9

A208? M80.8 7 A79.0891.2

A208? M80.8 7 A79.0891.2

A20;8:1.2 M80.8 7 A79.0891.2A20;8:1.2R83870.9<B9.=8C.9084

T9789<R.:2

#&$

O70>.24#

S=98



P8-1:820

P82-82018

N90;8?

N8

S0<4.08S0898.08

E=60<48A98.60<48S<60<48

#5 D1:80896 D1:80896

C197=6

C.4.668=:W9860412>S0-1=:

C44179086 2- I7012=6

L:12

>=2

B141

D.>2

C;!610!6=

M61-

S0=B48

D.917

T=:=41



A68

D10894

P9<0281.2

E917; M82-846.;2

W4089 G9.1=6

A90 N.8=

V2 A482

E:96=986

A:828:;0 I

S82=6980 IP<9:1- .3 .689P<9:1- .3 K;=3=

C28;.9B9012

M6=!>=:1

C800.

C94.6 S20.6 V1.4

C869 H.:89 C.271.

W1441: C.67=44=84

I:;.08

R17;9- J.683 N8=09

J=>82-6014

E89. S91282K82. T2>8

K;=3=



C.26.48

C;90986 C0;8-94

O70>.24

T..2:

H>1 S.;1

B4-7;12.

T892748

E?8-9

N17;8

M=-89

M28617486P127.0;87

O-81.2

E1-=9.6

O=6 M1?0=:

O=6 I27890=:

O=6 R87017=40=:

O=6 *=-90=:

O=6 T866840=:L.=16 S=4412

B=7:126089 F=4489

M9784 L.6 B98=89



F841? O=08912. C2-84

A>91M12.9= Y:61

B892121

A20;8:1=6 2- I61-.9=6

G8.9>8 R:.6

T;.0;:86 I

P0.48:< III

If1>. J.286

C441:7;=6

T;89.2L1.2

C.66=01=6

M28617486P;1-16

W840.2 B8780L8 C.9=6189E4184 S91282

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

H82281=8 J.68 H89989 J=2 N14

F8418 M82-. J=2 N14

G=14489:. T.482012.

S;; J;2

E917; M82-846.;2

F8418 M82-. J=2 N14

J.;2 R=612 2-W1441: M.916



J=2 N14 J=2 N14

A20.21. S12 D1.2>

G9184 F.9:.6.

G8.9>8 R:.6

M.9.2> C;=97;

B8:

N.6A:;1!P9.60<48

C844

G988 C9.66

L012 C9.66

A:.

B8:

A68

F.9=:E60

S.=0;

W860

C278441

P2< C0;8-94 12C1

L10048 M809..48C0;8-94, A0;826



N8 M.21

C8209418-L178. -8 M214

W.9:6 C0;8-94

B.=48=0891.2P9<0281.2

C197=6 M?1:=6F.9=: R.:2=:

T81-91=:C41-91=:S=-0.91=:

A.-<0891U270=91

V86612 / D.:1012

T986=9< .3 A098=6

X89?86D.:=6

T;4:=6I26=48

V144A091=: H.=68

B428=:

M82;19

R.<4 <9:1-6



M8>9.2

O9-89

C981-.:

N.6

T;89:8

V8491=:

I26=4

B4-7;12.

N90;8?G<:278=:

V.=66.196C82.0;

W860 -..9

R<.2220

P4.=>;

C:89

R=601701.2

S19 J.68; P?0.2A20.21. G=-1 J:86 H.2

C94.6 B9800.





F.909866

3.901701.2

:7;17.401.26

0048:820

:894.26

148<

S088 7;=97;

-.:86017

79.780

=009866

092680

0=-.9

:.=4-12>6

09789<



986<089<

W860 :1216089 8<

209<71:.91.214

9804.14

F4.98278 C0;8-94

79<0

R82166278

P44-12

201=912

:22891606

R=601701.2

R841=9<

B9=2844867;1

P12. N.48

D.20. B9:208

M=441.2



0926.:

@980;

679.44

2<:;28=:

9.7148

7;89=12

28@84

[email protected]

120897.4=:201.2

[email protected]

=410=:

.4<7;9.:<

8?98661.216:



8<89.@

6<41>;0

98

7844

B=9:

1;96

6;@8 ->.2 >.-

100!01 14.=

A48?2-98 G=60 E184

L.=16 H829< S=4412

Y:61 2- R.0;

C;9486 M7120.6;

T.:6 M=

F92 G8;9<



E917; M82-846.;2

K;2, L.=16

A20.21. G=-1

B=7:126089 F=4489

F927167. M2.6

G=608 E184

F927167. M2.6

L=71. C.60

B=7:126089 F=4489

R.890 A-:



P8089 B8;9826

F927167. M2.6

% 30B=7:126089 F=4489

L8 C.9=6189

M186 2 -8 R.;8

R17;9- M8189

O679 N18:8<89

N891, P189 L=1>1

L=71. C.60K82. T2>8

;189.><;176

P90;82.2

E1-=9=6 T;8089



C.4.668=:

T926 3.9=:

A>91

R.890 M1446

R81:6 C0;8-94

E4<688 P478

T.9.>2 H.=68

I026 R=;



GFZ P902896

L. T8

P4120;

C9<01-

F1214

48 C.9=6189

T84:.2

M214 M809..4102

T;8098



C981-.:

F8-8917. I4=6098

A97;1.40

E16.-.6

O8416

A.=:

G9>.<48

M.2=:820

B.=48=0891.2

A2-98 P44-1.

T.: .3 A>:8:2.2

T926 C.4=:2

G980 T8:48 .3A::.2, K92

T82 ..6 .3

A97;10870=98 < M97=6V109=1=6



*=882 A228 60<48

S19 C;9160.;89 W982

T8:82.6

W4089 G9.1=6

L8 C.9=6189

P9<0281.2

K22<

D87.908- 60<48

C9.:487;

M228916:

B.=48=0891.2

G980 T8:48 .3A::.2, K92



F198@44 F1984.7

A2-98 P44-1.

T.: .3 A>:8:2.2

T926 C.4=:2

M8-184 O9>217 C10<

*=882 228 S0<48

U2108 - H1001.2

S19 C;9160.;89 W982

T8:82.6

# ..6 .397;10870=98 <

V109=1=6

E2>9'6 Z A97;0 L@ A70"%$



W4089 G9.1=6

L8 C.9=6189

9<0281.2

K22<

C8

D87.908- S0<48

C;9.:487;

P44-1216:

E><012 A97;10870=98

G.0;17 A97;10870=98

R<.220F4:.<20

R.:286=8A97;10870=98

R82166278A97;10870=98



P44-1216:

M228916:

B9.=8

A201=912

R.7.77.

J7.82 A97;10870=98

P408986=8A97;10870=98

E4180;2A97;10870=98



G98>.912 A97;10870=98

S;12?

M60

O8416

P<9:1-

B0089

S0.28;82>8

1>>=90

H189.>4<;176

D.4:82

V.=66.196

P170=986=8A97;10870=98



E?8-9

C844

S0=

E7487017

S.0

F.909866

P82-82018

M<2 T8:48 P<9:1-

P170=986=82866

F9867.



S0.

A042086

A7=6

E20616

F4=086

C9<01-6

D-.

A9916

F144806

P8-1:820

P4120;

A>.9

T91=:;4 A97;



T;89:8

C.4.668=:

A=-=706

F.9=:

P127748

S97.;>=6

M=6.448=:

G9.126

C.896

B=09866

V=40

N90;8?016089186

F.20

D.:8



B8:

A97-8

A:.

M.617B4-7;12.

A1648

N8

A68

K1.6

M.6=8

C.984

M12980

C;:389

A091=:

S=127;

H98:

C82.0;

O>88

K8<60.28



I7.2.60616

V892-;

P1

A986=8

S2-984

T=9980

M=441.26

C;08=

F487;8

N17;8

B.66

P146089 S091

C;0916

T9789<



P.-1=:

T92680

R1 Z P284

C1:.91.

L9-89

S198S08848

W9-9.8

C:89

C.160896

P209<

S08449 V=40

M.26089<

O9184 W12-.@

R83870.9<

S79.44

P4.

B4=6089



R.7.7.

9.=8

B8439<

E2040=98

D.>8'6 H44

P1441.2

C;2784

*=.126

C.26.48

C9<0

N8@84



D.>8'6 P478

C=.4

V8601=48

L20892

W980;

S4.2

M269-

N<:;8=:

F1214

P8-8604

D.9:89



H89:86

M=441.26

P01.

M.-141.26

T926.: T892748

A:=40.9<

F1214

D16

B< W12-.@

H84: R..3

G4489<

[email protected]



I20897.4=:201.2

C;89=6

T8997.00

H894-17

P=410

B848-898

C;=991>=8986=8

C2-849

[email protected]

W0 D>8

T=-.9 R814

T.9=6

P408986=8A97;10870=98



P>.-

B=2>44.@

F18278

S0:6 / L0;6

G980 W44

A90 N.8=

=;=6

F82860901.2A97;10870.217

R9;6

S78 F9:8

B4..2 F9:12>

P1 L.=

B.261



A201442 H.=68

B848-898

T8 H.=68

K82

I3=>./ B.20.7 H.=68

N1 H.=68

:92. H.=68

I02 H.=68

L.>>1

I991:.< G48

T.911



T9.:84 . E14

C.=209< H.=68

A90 D87.

G8.

S0.

P12748

B.66/ G9.12

*=.126 / S=127;

S89-G4<0;.087P127.0;87 T;8:82.6L7=291P89.:D9.:.6

T;4:=6

G.- H.9=6

T;8 G980 T8:48 .3A92



E><012 A97;108706

P9.<48

P9082.2

T;8098 .3 D1.2<6=6

F.9=: R.:2=:C197=6 M?1:=6

F.9=: .3 T92

P98;160.917 P891.-

E><012 A97;10870=98

M86..0:12A97;10870=98



G988 A97;10870=98

R.:2 A97;10870=98

B<20128 A97;10870=98

I64:17 A97;10870=98

G.0;17 A97;10870=98

A97;1087=98

E94< 7;916012A97;10870=98

R.:286=8A97;10870=98

R82166278



B91012 A97;10870=98

C.20128204 E=9.8

A:89172 A97;10870=98

M.-892 I2089201.24

I2-1 / 1602

S91 L2

A97;10870=98



C;12

J2

A3>;21602, N84, T180

B=9:, C:.-1, T;142-, I2-.2861



P;1411286

E><012 B=14-12>6

P98 H160.917 P891.- !S09=70=986



G988 B=14-12>6

A271820 289 E60(:86..0:1)

B=14-12>6

P98 C.4=:12 B4->6(M<, A087, P89=,

M8?17.)



R.:2 B=14-12>6



B<20128 S09=70=986

I64:17 B=14-12>6

R.:286=8 B=14-12>6

G.0;17 B=14-12>6

R822166278 B=14-12>6

B91012 B=14-12>6

E94< C;916012S09=70=986

C.20128204 E=9.8B=14-12>6



A:89172 S09=70=986







F9827; A97;10870=98







E2>416; 97;10870=98



M.-892 I2089201.24





A612 Z S12A97;10870=98





I209:=9.6

R84 F=89 -8S201>. (F.90

S201>.)



L08 S216; P891.-



A:89172 P891.-

P.60 W9 A97;10870=98



F=0=916:

F=2701.2416:

U0141091216:

C.2609=70116:



N8.!8?98661.216:

E416; G986 O016

E77487016:

P<9:1-C;8.6

R:8686 #

M948

C.4=:29 09808-

P9.<48

P90;82.2

A97; 2- =40

C.:.6108

T;8 G980 M.6=8 .3D822 12 M41,

T;8 A906 Z C9306M.8:820

D.:174 9..37.2609=701.2

S0 S.;1,C.2602012.48



S.89 2- -1>218-

M948

P20;8.2

P089.:

G4-10.914 C.208606

S0.

A79..416

A208? (A208?8)

A79.0891.2 / A79.0891=:

A20;8:1.2

A.0;87

A20;8:1.2

M948

P16R83870.9<B9.=8C.9084

T9789<

C;!610!6=

M61-

S0=B48

1>>=90

D.917

P<9:1-



T=:=41

A68

D10894

P9<0281.2

E917; M82-846.;2

W4089 G9.1=6A90 N.8=C:.-12

V2 A482E:96=986

A>9

A:828:;0 I

S82=6980 IH8!68-

P<9:1- .3 .689P<9:1- .3 K;=3=

G9.12 V=40

V16<2G988

C28;.9B9012B61417G988

H84: R..3

M6=!>=:1

C800.

C94.6 S20.6 V1.4

C869 H.:89 C.271.

P122748



W1441: C.67=44=84

R17;9- J.683 N8=09

S97.;>=6I:;.08

B.=48=0891.2

T=6684 H.=68A60<49

J=>82-6014

L178. -8 M214C98284

B4278E748701716:

E89. S91282K=3:2 H.=68

J=2 N14K82. T2>8

F8418 M82-.

P478 .3 P8968.416

S978217 A97;10870=98

E7;12=6

S!01486

A>.9

E20616

B9.=8

B9.=8 3.9 .3O92:82001.2

US / E2>416;R82166278

L=-@1> M186 V2 D89R.;8



P>.-

R.:2

C981-.:

A:;1!P9.60<48

C82.0;6

A418

I:4=1=:N.6C9<0B8:

C.26.48

V144A091=: H.=68R.:286=8

R.:286=8

A49 A40. T.:6 M=

F.9=:W840.2 B8780

C;90986 C0;8-94#&$

G9881>>=90

A720;=6

A97;

C;8.6 / C;83982/M<8912.6



T913.91=:

C489860.9<

M.-=48

T<:2=:A97-8

A97;1098

E2040=98

O70>.24#

T..2:

S=98

H>1 S.;1

P8-1:820

P82-82018

N90;8?

N8

A:=40.9<

C20;9=6

E?8-9

B4-7;12.

T892748

N17;8M12980

L7=291

C.92178, F9188,A97;1098



B<.2

M=-89

C9.780

A7=6C104P4120;

C;2784F91>1-91=:

B96.12 C;=97;

S89>41.1>>=90M28617486

H98:

M.90=9< T8:481>>=90P<9:1-

C=40 T8:48

P89612

A042086E?8-9

P8910894S0<4.08

S0898.08G<:261=:

G980 T8:48, A=S1:84

G980 T8:48, A=S1:84

P4:, L.0=6, 2-

P<9=6M.90=9< 2- C=40

T8:486



P127.0;87P9.60<48

I20897.4=:2101.2

E=60<48A98.60<48S<60<48

#5 D1:80896 D1:80896

O-81.2C197=6

C.4.668=:

W9860412>60-1=:I2 A2016

A:;1!A2016

G<:261=:D.917

E1-=9.6

T=672 2- C.:.6108

U68 .3 C.279808

P20;8.2F.9=: R.:2=:

X89?86A90?89?86

C44179086 2- I7012=6

P;1-16L7=6

S4182086C197=6 M?1:=6

V86612 / D.:1012

M28617486

P9.2.6, N.6, 2-E12.6



C486<-9

T986=9< .3 A098=6

T;89.2

L1.2C.66=01=6#

!;.968 C;91.0C<: R8896

K8< P00892

S7=40=98- R841836

H.=68 h

B19-'6 B8P891.4=6D.:=6P.-1=:

B81-486O=6 M1?0=:

O=6 I27890=:

O=6 R87017=40=:

O=6 *=-90=:

B61417

C;.9>17 M.2=:820

F980

T89:121

O=6 T866840=:C441:7;=6 T;4:=6



T1:89!8239:8- P.904

E09=6726I26=4

N<:;8=:

R82166278L.=16 S=4412

If1>. J.286

H<.60<48 H44

T;.0;:86 IP0.48:< III

B=7:126089 F=4489

R.7!H8@2 T.:6

G8.9>8 R:.6 T81-91=:C41-91=:F91>1-91=:S=-0.91=:

A.-<0891U270=91

F.9=:E60

S.=0;W860

C278441

A:.

B8:

A68

S00=86



C8209418-

A20;8:1=6 2- I61-.9=6

N8 M.21

L20892

C4.160896

O92:8204 A97-86

W.9:6 C0;8-94

C0;8-94

G988 C9.66L012 C9.66

B892121D16826

F41>M12.9= Y:61

G988B408=6R.:2A>91

P9<0281.2

M9784 L.6 B98=89

F841? O=08912. C2-84

H<.097;841.2D.917I.217

S0 S.;1,C.2602012.48

L10048 M809..48 C0;,A0;826



A720;=6 2- D.4;12

G988P<9=6

C=40 T8:48

B428=:C844

T91>4<;

L8 C.9=6189E4184 S91282

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

H82281=8 J.68 H89989 J=2 N14

G=14489:. T.482012.

S;; J;2

T84:.286 .9 A042086

H89:6

T89:6

M-966;M.67.@

E917; M82-846.;2

E748701716:N8.!C46616:

P901F8418 M82-.

T8:48 .3 N18 A089.6,A0;826

T.@89 .3 0;8 W12-6,A0;826

J.;2 R=612 2-W1441: M.916



G8.9>8 R:.6 J=2 N14 J=2 N14

M.9.2> C;=97;

P2< C1

A20.21. S12 D1.2>

G9184 F.9:.6.G8.9>8 R:.6

L:12

>=2

B141

A.08

D.>2

L.=16 S=4412A20.21. G=-1W4089 G9.1=6

L.=16 K;2

L8 7.9=6189R.890 M1490

A-.43 L..6

F92 L.<- W91>;0

EER. S91282K82. 02>8

L=-@1> M186 V2 D8R.;8



M97=6 V109=1=6

R.890 V820=91

L. T68

SOM

W14412 V2 A4482

B=7:126089 F=4489

J.92 U0.2

F92 L.<- W91>;0

W4089 G9.1=6E917; M82-846.2

L8 7.9=6=189L82-9. L.7612

CC -8 7609.

M2=84 :2.6IM 81

E89. S91282P;141 J;.26.2A20.21. G=-1 J.68; P?0.2P;141 J;.26.2

M=9178 -8 S=44<

A20.21. G=-1

B9=78 G9;: Z SOM

C66 G14890

F92 L.<- W91>;0

L=-@1> M186 V2 D8R.;8

L=71. C.60 Z O679N18:8<89

F927167. B.<M2.6



B9: Z P.621L8 7.9=6=189

M9784 B9889

M186 2 -8 R.;8

P;141 J;.26.2



L8 7.9=6=189

L.=16 K;2



P89980 A=>=608

F92 L.<- W91>;0



E89. S91282

E4184 S91282



P189 L=1>1 N891

R.890 C;9486 V820=91



K82. T2>8

A-.43 L..6

A49 A40.

A=>=608 P89980

A20.21. G=-1

B82:12 L09.8

C869 P8441

D2184 B=92;:

D2184 L18612-

E89. S91282

E4184 S91282

F841? C2-84

F92 G8;9<

F92 L.<- W91>;0

F981 O00.

C;9486 R82218M71201.6;



F=:1;1. M1

G=608 E184

J.92 U0.2

J.68; P?0.2

K82. 02>8

L.=16 S=4412

L.=16 K;2

L8 7.9=6=189

O679 N18:8<89

M186 2 -8 R.;8

M17;84 >986

M.6;8 S3-18

N.9:2 F.6089

P;141 J;.26.2

P=4 R=-.4;

P;141 W8

P8089 E16682:2

P189 L=1>1 N891

I8.; M12> P81



R82. P12.

R17;9- M8189

R88: K..4;6

R.890 M1490

S201>. C409

T-. A2-.

W14412 V2 A4482W4478 H9916.2

R17;9- R.>896

J82 N.=84

E89. S91282

WS A0126 Z 902896

SOM

M12.9= Y:61

CY 488 Z 902896

F92 G8;9<

J7=86 H89.> 2- P18998 -8 M8=9.2

DP A97;06 Z M17;84W143.9-

L.9- N.9:2 R.890F.6089



F92 L.<- W91>;0

SOM

C869 P8441

IM 81

B9=78 G9;:

CESAR ANTONIO PELLI

IM 81

IM 81

S19 C;9160.;89 W982

J.;2 W..-

R.890 -8 C.008

B9=78 G9;: / SOM

P=8208 C.4>208

D82216 L= Z NG C;=2M2

SHREVE, HARMON ZLAMB

D82216 L= Z NG C;=2

M2

S;988 , L: ZH9:.2

J7=86 G89:12

S.=.0



C9<604 A97-8, E67.40

S2 S86012 C;=97;

M214 H.084

T.:6 M=C94.6 B99800.

J=2 A984482.R.=8 R=2.P4. A20.21.D2184 D.28

D2184 B=92;:

S [email protected] K8<6W1441: B190

#%"5#%#%#

R=2. T.@89

D890:820 .3 H840;

E2>84160 H.=68

SM M8>:44

M6.217 T8:48,E67.40

P;141128 N.9:4S7;..4

A:66-.9 H.084 (!S0.98<)

PSB B=14-12> (P177;8B=14-12>)

B=98 B=14-12>, E67.40(#%#'6)

C;7. B=14-12>(P;1409=60)

C9<604 A97-8(-8:.416;)



VIP B=14-12>

D890:820 .3 F12278

D890:820 .3 T.=916:

L8<08 C10.4

M214 C10< H44M214 H140.2

I>4861 21 C9160.

I26=49 L138 B=14-12>

U21.2 C;=97;

UP M847;.9 H44UP P4: H44

W.94- T9-8 E?7;2>8

SM M01

FEU H.6104M.9:.2 T8:48

A:66-.9 H.084

L<917 T;8098(-8:.416;)

T9-89'6 H.084 (H.41-<I22)

N=8609 S8f.9 -8

G=1O=9 L-< .3 L.=9-86

C;=97;

B7492 C;=97;(M.0;89 .3 P8980=4

H84)

D890:820 .3 F.981>2A196 (ADB)

A0828. -8 M214

U2189610<A0828. -8 M214

U2189610<



M214 C0;8-94

EDSA S;9128

M809.914 S001.26 (LRT)

M..2@4 C;=97;

UE C;84 (R870.)

M809..4102 M=68=:

G4.91800G9882840!

H8910>8 H.084M214 P82126=4

[email protected] T.@896

B.21371. M.2=:820

M214 G.4-82 M.6=8

P;141128 H890 C82089

B062 P:26

D.2 B.67. C;84

M8947. B=14-12>

P;141128 W.:82'6U2189610<

C.7.2=0 P478(T;22> P14112.)

C.998>1-.9 I642-L2-6712>

P9=-82014 B2B=14-12>



S0 C0412 C.448>8

S0. D.:12>. C;=97;

V199 M44C.=90 .3 A846

M809..4102 T;8098

P.60 O78 B=14-12>

S91< M=21714 H44

SMS B=14-12>S=98:8 C.=90 T<6 C10.4

UP V144:.9 H44

C102 P88 B=14-12>

E482 A90:8206

E89 T;8098

M214 J.78< C4=

*=8.2 C10< H44*=8.2 I26010=08*=1. C;=97;

R=2. B=14-12>

P;141128 A1941286B=14-12>

U21.2 C;=97;(-8:.416;)

N01.24 M=68=: /

L8>14018 B=14-12>

P;141128 T9=60

B=14-12>

R14 T;8098(-8:.416;)



S2 C94.6 S8:129<

S2 L9. S008 T;8098

UP A-:12160901.2 B4->

UP L199<

A<4 T912>48 T.@89!#

CCP T;8098C1012 B=14-12>

F.4 A90'6 T;8098H<00 R8>827< H.084

M47f2> P478

UP C;84

M01 M8-174 C82089

L F<8008 # Z "M8;2 G9-82

C=40=94 C82089 .3 0;8P;1411286

M01 S0.7E?;7;2>8

M2-912 O918204M214

M214 I2089201.24A19.90

P;141128 S0.7E?7;2>8

V448 V89-8 C.=209<C4=

S2 M1>=84 C.9.901.2C82089





R.126.2'6 G44891

R.126.2'6 PCI T.@89

R.126.2'6 P478SM C8=

SM C10< EDSA T=0=2 M44 T@12 T.@896

T;8 W.94- C82089

W.94- T9-8 C82089

A9:< N< C4=M214 H.084

N.9:4 S7;..4

UP M214 YMCA A99.789.6

LKG T.@89M214 P82126=4

P9=-82014 B2 A<4

R10 T.@896

P717 P4R=2. T.@89

R=2. B=14-12>

S;2>914 H.084 A<4

R.126.2 T.@89/B=14-12>

PGH (P;141128G82894 H.6104)

(PLDT) R:.2C.=2>7. B=14-12>

RCBC P4(Y=7;82>7.)



A091=:G9882840

G9882840 "G9882840 C;84

P;14:4138 T.@89BA L820.

C;12 B2 B=14-12>

C1012 T.@89

K12>'6 C.=90 II

M01 S.906 C4=

PLDT D84 R.6

S;2>914 G92- T.@89

RCBC B=82-1

M809.2 B=82-1P717 S09

T;8 C.4=:26 B=82-1

A0828. P9.38661.24S7;..46 B=14-12>

[email protected] H.084 ([email protected])

A612 I26010=08 .3M2>8:820

D.f N9716 D8 L8.2B=14-12>

N8@ W.94- H.084(R82166278)

H.084 N1. M214G9-82 (D=610 H.084)

D884.:820 B2 .30;8 P;1411286



L8 M809..48

S0 A2-98@6 C;=97;

C.7. B2 M01

D.2 B.67. C;84

M214 P.4. C4=

C.48>1. -8 S2 A>=6012

G44891 D8 M>44286

M>44286 C;=97;

#"" R.?6

A-:194 A90:8206

CCP T;8089

D890:820 .3 F12278

M809..4102 M=68=:

C.7.2=0 P478PICC

A:.96.4. S=98(A:.96.4. E60 W860)

C=40=94 C82089 .3 0;8P;1411286

B.=489-!A4;:9B=14-12> 2.@ B84!A19

A90:8206

D890:820 .3 F.981>2A196 ADB

P;141128 P4(S.084)



GSIS B=14-12> CCP

N01.24 A906 C82089

PHILCITEM214 H140.2

M>6<6< C82089

H<00 R8>827< H.084

M214 H.084

M.20898< A90:820

M214 M1-0.@2 H.084

M214 F14: C82089/F14: C82089 .3 0;8

P;1411286

F.4 A906 T;8089 / T2>;42> F927167.

B4>06

F.90 S2 A20.21. D8A-

N=8609 S8f.9 -8G=1

C82094 B2 .3 0;8P;1411286

G92- B.=489- H.084

(S14;16 I20'4)H.41-< I22 (T9-89'6

H.084)

M=68. P:0 (E46C4= B=14-12>)



P;141128 A1941286 B4->

G4?< T;8089I-84 T;8089

P177;8 B=14-12>

*=1. C;=97;PNB E67.40

A82=8 T;8089C612. E6f.4

I26010=0. C892086

A:66-.9 H.084

A9>=84486 B=14-12>

A9:< N< C4=

A66=:01.2 C.2820

C10.4 T;8089E89 T;8089

G4?< T;8089L<917 T;8089I-84 T;8089GSIS B=14-12>

B7492 C;=97;(M.0;89 .3 P8980=4

H84 C;=97;)

M214 I2089201.24

A19.90 (NAIA #)

P;141128 T9=60B=14-12> (P4 G.101)

P0892. B=14-12> S0C9=

P898! S:2144.B=14-12>



P809.2 A90:8206

C012 P88 B=14-12>

C88 P4 B=14-12>

M809..4102 M=68=:

M809..4102 T;8089

M8;2 G9-82

M=68. 2> M<214

M214 C10< H44N01.24 L199<

P.60 O78 B=14-12>

P428091=:

C9<604 A97-8R8>12 B=14-12>

D8 L S448 U2189610<

N=9686 H.:8 (PGH)

PGH

C012 L=16 G.2>B=14-12>

N01.24 M=68=: (O4-

L8>164018 B=14-12>)

P;141128 N.9:4S7;..4/ P;141128N.9:4 U2189610<

N01.24 B=918= .3I28601>01.2



M214 A6094 T.@89

M214 D.70.96 H.6104

P;14: L138 UN A8

FEU B=14-12>

FEU H.6104PLDT E6f

G.0 D8 L87;8

M214 C0;8-94

M214 H1>;67;..4

P471. -84 G.892-.9

N01.24 P9866 C4=

S2 A>=6012 C;=97;

P;.821? B=14-12>

A41 M44

A9280 C.4168=:

D890:820 .3 T.=916:(>917=40=98 2-

7.::8978)

R:.2 R.786P=41701.26 B=14-12>

F9 E60 B2I209:=9.6

P;141128 C.4=:12C4=;.=68

M214 R149.- S001.2 T=0=2



B062 P:26

B.21371. M.2=:820

P;141128 H890 C82089

P;14: H.:86 *C

*=8.2 I26010=08

*=8.2 M8:.914

A0828. D8 M214U2189610<

M847;.9 H44 (C.448>8 .3E2>1288912> 2-

A97;10870=98)

B82108 H44 ( C.448>8.3 E-=701.2)

*=8.2 H44 (UPA-:12)

P4: H44 (UP A906 2-S718278)

C82094 B2 .3 0;8P;1411286

C;14-982'6 M8:.914H.6104 / L=2>6.- 2>

K02 H.6104

I>4861 21 K9160.C.::.2@840;

*=8.2 C10< S.906C4=

A48?2-9C.2-.:121=:



O28 C.9.908 C82089

T182-8610'6R.126.2'6 G44891

B82>=80 C82089

R82166278 #

R82166278 "

O28 S2 M1>=84

S2 M1>=84 B=14-12>

D167.89< S=1086

T80108 T.@896

JMT T.@89SM M8>:44

EDSA P4 H.084EDSA S;9128

GT T.@89

W7!W7 T@12 T.@896

M8-174 C10< H.6104

M8947. B=14-12>

M.9:.2 T8:48C4= F14112.

A612 D884.:820B2

D884.:820 A7-8:<.3 0;8 P;141286

O=9 L-< .3 L.=9-86C;=97;

L.<.4 M8:.914C;84

M809. R14 T92610S001.26 (MRT)



O28 B8894< P478

B844>1. # 2- "E66826 T.@89

S8982-9

A42>

I26=49 L138 A42>

C.998>1-.9 I642-

M<!M< R86.90

P894 F9:

V448< G.43 C4=

I:;.08

W;108 C9.66 O9;2>846. W;108 C9.66

P9882091=:

A42> G.43 2-C.=209< C4=

L6 P1f6 C;=97;R860.901.2

M9< I::7=408 P916;C;=97;

A66=:01.2 C.448>8A201.4.

I602 N=9=4 I:2

(P478 .3 R841>1.=6L1>;0)

N8>9.6 O771-8204P9.12714 C10.4



M28617486P.4<4810.6

A791

J:86 H.2

J.;2 R=6684 P.8

R.890 M1446 T;.:6 J8896.2C;9486 B=427; J:86 R82@17R17;9- U.;2

T;.:6 J8896.2P18998 L'82320

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0

F92 L4.<- W91>;0 J.68; S09=66

P81998 L867.0

I07;12=6, C44179086 ,@10; P;1-16

A.44.-.9=6 .3D:67=6

V86712 2-D.:1012

T;.90.2, L09.8,B=427;



D.:8271. -8 C.90.2

M=9178 -8 S=44<C;9486 G92189C4=-8 M.4480

N.48.2 I

G=608 E184L8 C.9=6189L8 C.9=6189

B40;9 N8=:22

E917; M82-846.;2S19 R.890 S:198

I21>. J.286

W1441: C;:896

S19 C;9160.;89 W982L.9- B=9412>0.2

S19 C;9486 B99<

P=4 A-18, L=7182M>28

R17;9- R.>896, R82.P12.

G.003918- S8:89 @10;K94 V.2 H68289

G8.9> W82864=6 V.2K2.846-.93



S19 G8.9>8 G.912>

I61-.9.6 2- A20;8:1.6

A92.43. -1 C:1.

A20.21. G=-1A20.21. G=-1A20.21. G=-1

E:89.9 S;; J;2A20.21. E60144.

B821>2. F8922-8

G829. P471.6 J=2 M716

F9< M97.6 A20.2

F9< J=2 -8 A4992

C;9486 R82218M7120.6;

S1-:.98, O@12>6,M89144

S1-:.98, O@12>6,M89144



HOK

A9=10870.217

IM P81 Z P902896

E-@9- D S0.28 Z

KY C;8=2> D861>2

K.;2 P8-89682 F.?R871. C66

K.;2 P8-89682 F.?R871. C66

S1-:.98, O@12>6,M89144

C869 P8441 ZA66.71086

S1-:.98, O@12>6 2-M89144

S1-:.98, O@12>6 2-M89144

S1-:.98, O@12>6 2-M89144

S;988 L: ZH9:.2

D82216 L= 2- N> C;=

M2 2- A66.71086

NORR G9.=C.26=40206

H844:=0;, O0 ZK66=:/C< L88

S1-:.98, O@12>6 2-M89144



P42 A97;10870 C.W1441: V2 A4482

P8089 E4416, SOM

J=2 N14

D82216 L= 2- N> C;=M2

T.: W91>;0 .3 WSA0126

J.;26.2/B=9>88A97;108706

P81 C. F988- 2-P902896

H16 K60=91A66.71086

P81 C. F988- 2-P902896

B1-..62 A97;108706ZE2>128896



P4. A20.21.

J=2 A98442.

F8-8917. I4=6098

A20.21. T.48-.

C869 C.271.

C94.6 A9>=84486W1441: P96.2

F8922-. O7:.



D2184 B=92;:

W1441: P96.2

A97-1. A98442.

L82-9. L.7612

T.:6 M=

T.:6 A9>=84486

A2-986 L=2 -8 62P8-9.



C94.6 B9800.

J=2 N14

P4. A20.21.

J=2 A98442.

F8-8917. I4=6098

A20.21. T.48-.



C869 C.271.

C94.6 A9>=84486

W1441: P96.2

F8922-. O7:.

D2184 B=92;:

W1441: P96.2

A97-1. A98442.

P4. A20.21.

G9184 F.9:.6. (GF)

A20.21. H89989





A20.21. S1-1.2>

R.>841. V1449.6

L=16 A9280

R=890. G108

T.:6 M=

T.:6 A9>=84486C94.6 B9800.

A4398-. L=

W1441: C.67.44=84

J.9>8 R:.6

J.68 9>.6

F8922-. O7:.



LOCSIN Z PARTNERS

RECIO i CASAS

SOM

P43.?

R870.

ROMAN D412. J.68; R=1F9 D18>. 789

S49

-84 M-98

(PRS) PIMENTEL,RODRIGUE, SIMBULAN

Z PATNERS

GABRIEL FORMOSO ZPARTNERS

PEI COBB FREED ZPARTNERS

C.:.98-2-. ZG.2486



M716

M12.9. Y:61

H8>.2 A97;108706

PRC A@9-88 #%%$

9860.98- < N14 Z9>.6







CHOICES D ANSWER

- J=2 P43.? B

- 9.=8 C- 0.911 B

- 290;8? B- <9:1- .3 C;83982 A

- R81:6 70;8-94 A

- E89. S91282 D

D S82=6980 A- T.:6 M= B

- M<8912.6 C

- H>1 S.;1 D

- L8 C.9=6189 C- C28;.9 D

- A49 A40. A

- 7.9084 A

- 82040=98 A

- 60<49 B

- C94.6 S20.6 V1.4 A

- <9:1- .3 C;83982 B

- 82040=98 B

- 09789< B- 8:966=986 A

- C94.6 S20.6 V1.4 D

- .689 C- 290;8? C



- 0.981 B

- 6=98 A

- A49 A40. C

- .689 A

- V2 A482 D

- .0;87 B- 20;8:1.2 B

- .0;87 D

- A.0;87 A

- .0;87 B- 0912>=49 A

- S0. B

- A97; 2- =40 A

- <20128 A

- 61417 B

- 8:966=986 C

- #$ B

- .0;87 A

- 79..416 D- -10894 A

- A97; 2- =40 D

- 1.217 C

- :948 D



- 9<0281.2 A

- 39188 A- # D

- 20;8:1.2 A

- 7.9084 D

- =417 :88012>6 B

- A97; 2- =40 C

- :8-184 C

- R:8686 IV A

- .0;87 C

- F8418 M82-. A

D

- A2- K1=. B

- 39827; 79.66 A

- G8.9>8 R:.6 A

- E917; M82-846.;2 D

- 28 C

- F8418 M82-. B

- 39827; 79.66 B

- G8.9>8 R:.6 D

- 0<:2=: B

- J.20;2 G2 B

- J.;2 R=612 2-W1441: M.916



- H82211=8 D

- J=2 N14 D

- 7.44.68=: A

- C869 C.271. B- 6.=0; A- 7278441 B- S;; N689 B

- 7278441 B

- L.> C0;8-94 A

- F8418 P43.? C

- C869 C.271. B- 7278441 C

- F8418 M82-. D

- L82-9. L.7612 A

- 28 A

- 7278441 A

- M.9.2> C;=97; D

- C.66=01=6 B- B892121 C

- F927167. S27;8 B

B

- C.77=01=6 D

- M=-89 D

- A>91 D

- C.66=01=6 2-M28617486



- T-. A2-. C

- W840.2 B8780 D

- G9184 F.9:.6. A

- L8 C.9=6189 A

- A:828:;0 I B- P.-1=: B

- W1441: C;:896 B

- .=6 =-90=: D

- P.-1=: A- C.66=01=6 C

- .=6 =-90=: C

- L8 C.9=6189 C

- W4089 G9.1=6 B

- .=6 =-90=: A

- A>91 B- P.-1=: C

- .=6 =-90=: A

- B892121 A- A:828:;0 I A

- .=6 =-90=: B

- =270=91 C- 6.=0; D

A

- X89?86 D

- A7;82 C0;8-94,G89:2<



- C197=6 F4:121=6 B

A

- 0;4:=6 A- 0;4:=6 A

- 20;8:1.2 B

- 9<0281.2 D- =270=91 B

- 7278441 D

- 0;4:=6 C

- 0;4:=6 B- =270=91 A

- N01.24 U2189610< C

- 0;4:=6 D- 9<0281.2 B

- E917; M82-846.;2 A

- .0;87 C

- =270=91 D

- T;.4.6 T.: B

- 0;4:=6 C

- T;8.-.61=6 II A

D B:89> C0;8-94 A

- F.9=: V1291=: A

- 6.=0; B- 78209418- D- =270=91 A

- :60 C

- L189..4 C0;8-94,UK



- M91. B.00 A

- K1<.2.91 K1=08 C

- 82089012:820 C

- N8.7466174 B

- .9017. A

- A20.21. T.48-. D

- I2-12 D

- 47.2< A

D

- C><2 C

A

- 217;8 D

A

- 4112> =90896 .3144>8 84-896

- 0;12 6;8447.2609=701.2

- 09808- 2- =4060<48



- IM P81 B

- -8: A

- B8016 7;9=7; C

- E2>42- C- E=9.82 B

A

- @212> @12-.@ B

- P8961 B

- R.:26 D

- M12-82 C0;8-94 C

- I21>. J.286 D

- M17;842>84. A

- L.=16 S=4412 D

- H06;86=0 A

- G92108 C

- E9870;1.2 B

- U21.2 T2 C9

D.:8



- P9.<481 A

- C.4=:2101.2 A

- C.29120;12 A

D

- S0.286 A

- T;89:8 C

- N.6 A

- W9860412> C

- P089.: A

- F.9=: V1291=: B

- G=008 A

- G=008 C

- G=008 A

- D.:174 9..37.2609=701.2































































































































































































































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