Holocaust is Nothing but a HoloHoax

7/31/2019 Holocaust is Nothing but a HoloHoax

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Qb`c | 6

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Qb`c | 9

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Qb`c | 8

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Qb`c | 3

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vcyslx kj odybdc Ikeesdoyx qkloiocy ysim by xmc &@vcbx Lcbq Jkvpbvh' hsvod` pmoim ebdynollch jbvecvy pcvc mcvhch odxk &yxccl eolly& pmcvc xmc &qvkhsich& qvkhoòksy beksdxy kj yxccl f eclxod` xkkly, oeqblcecdxy, ncxxlcy, qkxy, qbdy, cxi$ odxk &yxccl$& Xmc vcyslxod` jbeodchsc xk b `vcbx ymkvxb`c kj jbvecvy ibsych xmc hcbxmy kj ebd eollokdy kj Imodcyc qckqlc dkx&nollch f `kzcvdecdx jkvicy$& Yk mkp ebd qckqlc pcvc esvhcvch f xmc Ikeesdoyxy od xmcVch Imodcyc &Mklkibsyx$& Dk kdc ndkpy jkv ysvc, fsx ox pby ebd xoecy : eollokd$ B`bod,xmoy oy dczcv ecdxokdch od xmc ebodyxvcbe echob, kv pcqx kzcv od XZ qvk`vbey kv Mkllpkkhekzocy$ Xmc 96$63 xk :2$0 eollokd -qlsy ebd eollokdy ekvc/ bvc jkv`kxxcd hcbh$

Ox oy cyxoebxch xmbx kzcv 81,111,111 -xmbx'y JKVX_ EOLLOKD"/ sdfkvd imolhvcd mbzc fccdnollch f bfkvxokd &Hkixkvy& od xmc SY yodic Vkc z$ Pbhc$ -2?09/ Dkp xmbx'y b vcbl

MKLKIBSYX, fsx dkx kdc pcqx kzcv f XZ, Mkllpkkh, cxi$ Xmc echob kdl ceqmbyowcy b&pkebd'y vo`mx xk imkkyc$&

Ox mkvvojocy ec czcd xk ikdxceqlbxc mkp ebd ekvc imolhvcd mbzc fccd nollch fbfkvxokdoyxy od dsecvksy kxmcv iksdxvocy$

Bx lcbyx ? eollokd @cvebd qckqlc hoch jvke yxbvzbxokd, c}qkysvc, cxi$ bjxcv xmc Vsyyobdbveocy hvkzc xmce ksx kj xmcov mkecy od @cvebd'y cbyxcvd qvkzodicy bx xmc cdh kj Pkvlh PbvOO$

Bjxcv xmc @cvebdy ysvvcdhcvch xk xmc Bllocy od Eb kj 2?83, eollokdy kj @cvebd yklhocvypcvc vksdhch sq bdh cdilkych od fbvfch povc ibeqy$ Xmc pcvc ibllch &hoybvech cdcejkvicy$& Xmoy ecbdx xk Coycdmkpcv bdh moy fkyycy -Vkkyczclx, Ekv`cdxmbs, bdh Xvsebd -bll

gcpy/, cxi$/ bdh moy ecd pmk oeqvoykdch xmcyc HCJ'y xmbx xmc hoh dkx mbzc xk bfohc f xmc@cdczb ikdzcdxokd yodic xmc pcvc dkx QKP'y$ O mbzc qoixsvcy kj msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xmcyc ecd od b fbvfch povc cdilkysvc, yxbdhod` vkke kdl$ Jbeol ecefcvy kj xmcyc ecdpkslh ikec poxm jkkh bdh pbxcv fsx pcvc hvozcd bpb f blloch yklhocvy poxm ebimodc `sdy$Mkp lkd` ibd msebd fcod`y lozc od ysim sdymclxcvch cdilkysvcy od esh sq xk xmcov ndccy poxmdk jkkh, pbxcv, ymclxcv, cxi;

Kj iksvyc, dkx lkd`$ Fcxpccd kdc bdh xpk eollokd @cvebd ecd hoch od xmcyc zbyx eshqoxy$ Mbzc ks czcv yccd b yxkv bfksx xmoy vcbl mklkibsyx kd XZ, Mkllpkkh ekzocy, cxi;Dk$ Xmoy mklkibsyx oy jkv`kxxcd"

Ebd @cvebdy, Cbyxcvd Csvkqcbdy, yclj%yxlch &Gcpy& bdh @qyocy pcvc yczcvcl

eoyxvcbxch bdh hoch od Dbwo @cvebd$ Ebd odebxcy od xmc Dbwo pkvn ibeqy hoch kj yxbvzbxokd, xqmsy, bdh kxmcv hoycbycy$ Ox oy zcv hojjoislx xk xvbdyqkvx jkkh pmcd czcvxmod`xmbx ekzcy oy fkefch$ Ox oy hojjoislx xk qvkzohc ilcbd hvodnod` pbxcv pmcd bll pbxcvqsvojoibxokd qlbdxy mbzc fccd fkefch poxm xmc ohcb od eodh kj ibsyod` xmc zcv yqvcbh kj hoycbyc xmbx kiisvvch$ Hoh xmc `vcch odhsyxvobloyxy qvkjoxod` jvke xmcyc pkvn ibeqy pbdxxmcov lbfkv jkvic xk hoc kv fc &`byych$& Dkx oj pmbx O mbzc vcbh bfksx xmcov xqc mby bdzblohox$

Mkpczcv, oj dsefcvy ebnc bd hojjcvcdic xk ks od vc`bvhy xk xmc &Mklkibsyx& xmbx oy&dczcv jkvòzcd& bdh &dczcv jkv`kxxcd,& bdh oy vcqcbxchl ymkpd od hcxbol od iksdxlcyy XZymkpy bdh Mkllpkkh ekzocy bdh ecdxokdch kd bx lcbyx b pccnl fbyoy od ebodyxvcbe

dcpyqbqcvy bdh eb`bwodcy qlcbyc vcbh kd$



Qb`c | :

Yo} Eollokd Gcpy7 Eodoyxcvy kjxcd vcqcbx xmc Gcp yxkv xmbx “Moxlcv nollch yo} eollokd Gcpy,―cx xmc 2?9? Pkvlh Blebdbi ymkpy 23,:==,63? Gcpy od xmc pkvlh, bdh dodc cbvy lbxcv xmcDcp _kvn Xoecy vcqkvxch xmcvc pcvc fcxpccd 23,:11,111 bdh 2=,011,111 Gcpy" Oj Moxlcvnollch : eollokd, mkp ikec xmcvc pcvc dk lcyy od 2?8= xmbd od 2?9?; Xmc ybec yksvicy vcqkvxxmc Gcpy od @cvebd od 2?9=, qvokv xk xmc ysqqkych nollod`y, xkxblch kdl 331,111 -µ eollokd/"

Oj @cvebdy nollch 9=# kj bll xmc Gcpy od xmc pkvlh, hkcy xmbx ecbd xmc ?,:==,63? lcjx mbhyo} xk dodc eollokd imolhvcd od xmc dc}x dodc cbvy; Ox xbncy dkvebl qkqslbxokdy 211 cbvy xkhksflc‘mkp ikec &Gcpy& hoh ox od dodc; BDH XMCD DCZCV HOH OX B@BOD; -xmc qvcycdxpkvlh qkqslbxokd kj “Gcpy― oy bfksx xmc ybec by ox pby od 2?8=/ Pm hk eodoyxcvy vcqcbx xmoyGcpoym qvkqb`bdhb loc xk xmcov jlkiny; ^Bd Kqcd Lcxxcv xk Bd Eodoyxcv Pmk Xcbimcy “xmcGcpy Bvc Oyvbcl$― F Qbyxkv Ymclhkd Cecv, -pvoxxcd bjxcv 2?0:, ¯ hbxc dkx òzcd/U

_cy, xmcvc mbzc fccd ebd Mklkibsyxy$ O hk dkx hcd xmbx$ O ykvvkp kzcv xmcyc mklkibsyxyekvc xmbd ekyx qckqlc O ndkp$ O pkvn xk qvczcdx isvvcdx bdh jsxsvc mklkibsyxy ndkpod` xmbx&xmkyc pmk hk dkx vcecefcv xmc qbyx bvc ikdhcedch xk vcqcbx ox$&

-Podyxkd Qblecv/

Ekvc Gcpoym Locy C}qkych"

Jkv ekvc xmbd jojx cbvy, yodic xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmc Xbleshoi, Wokdoyx Gcpy mbzcyks`mx xk ebdoqslbxc xmvks`m Gcpoym Ykioblowbxokd, Pmoxc Pcyxcvd qsfloi kqodokd f ivod`,&Qkkv, qcvycisxch Gcp,& pmolc yyxcebxoibll zoixoeowod` Pmoxc Imvoyxobd islxsvc$

Xmoy ikdyxoxsxcy b qcvjcix hcyivoqxokd kj xmc Gcpoym Ykioblowbxokd kv Gcpoym Ykiobloye$ Fkxm

bxmcoyxoi, Gcpoym, Ykiobloye bdh bxmcoyxoi, Ikeesdoyx, Ykiobloye bvc ohcby qvchoibxch sqkd xmcqvbixoic kj cdòdccvod` ykiocx blkd` bxmcoyxoi bdh Gcpoym ohcby$ Xmoy mby fccd xmc ecxmkh kj kqcvbxokd kj xmc bxmcoyxoi, Xbleshoi, Wokdoyx Gcp czcd fcjkvc xmc jovyx icdxsv kv xmc xoec kj Imvoyx$

Xvsxm bx Lbyx7 Oyvbclo moyxkv xc}xfkkny bvc dkp fcod` vcpvoxxcd, vcqkvxy Cxmbd Fvkddcv od“Xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy― -Bs`syx 28, 2???/ by b dcp `cdcvbxokd kj moyxkvobdy bvc vcqlbiodèxmy poxm jbixy bfksx xmc dbxokd‟y jksdhod`$

“Yimkklimolhvcd mbzc lkd` fccd xbs`mx xmbx Gcpy mbzc blpby fccd ysvvksdhch f cdceocybdh xmbx xmcov zoixkv kzcv jozc Bvbf yxbxcy od xmc 2?8= Pbv kj Odhcqcdhcdic pby b dcpeovbilc kj Hbzoh%bdh%@klobxm qvkqkvxokdy$―

Xmc Xoecy vcqkvxy$

“Fsx$$$dkp kjjoiobll bqqvkzch xc}xfkkny ebnc qlbod xmbx ebd kj xmc ekyx ikeekd Oyvbclofclocjy bvc by esim exm by jbix$ Xmc dcp fkkny yb, jkv c}beqlc, xmbx ox pby xmc Oyvbcloy pmkmbh xmc eoloxbv ch`c od xmc Pbv kj Odhcqcdhcdic$―

Xmc bheox xmbx Qblcyxodobdy hoh dkx zklsdxbvol lcbzc xmcov lbdh, by mby fccd xbs`mx, fsxxmbx xmc pcvc c}qcllch f Oyvbclo yklhocvy$ Kdc dodxm `vbhc xc}x, “Qbyyb`c Xk Xmc Qbyx,―ecdxokdy xmc 2?8= ebyybivc ibvvoch ksx f vbhoibl Wokdoyx jkvicy od xmc zollb`c kj Hcov _byyod$Xmoy oy jvke b vcqkvx kj Xmc Becvoibd Iksdiol jkv Gshboye, Hcicefcv ??$ Od xmc Iksdiolyqsfloibxokd, “Oyyscy,― oy xmc ysvqvoyod` bheoyyokd xmbx “xmc voyc kj xmc Mklkibsyx xk xmc xkq kj xmc Gcpoym b`cdhb pby f dk ecbdy b yqkdxbdcksy hczclkqecdx― fsx vbxmcv xmc “ikdycrscdickj hcioyokdy ebhc f ikeesdbl lcbhcvy od vcyqkdyc xk xmcov bqqvboybly kj isvvcdx ikeesdbldcchy― ecbdod` xmc dcch jkv ysqqkvx jkv Oyvbcl, by qkodxch ksx jsvxmcv od xmc bvxoilc7



Qb`c | 0

Xmc bvxoilc yxbxcy,

“C}beqlcy kj mkp xmc Mklkibsyx mby fccd sych by b pcbqkd xk qvkekxc qkloiocy jbzkvbflcxk Oyvbcl bvc c}xcdyozc$―

_cx xk fc qsfloymch f xmc Iksdiol oy xmc jbix xmbx xmc : eollokd jo`svc oy b exm, odzcdxch

od 2?83 f Llb Cmvcdfsv`, Yxblody Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb imocj hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Yodic xmcdxmc jo`svcy mbzc fccd yyxcebxoibll vchsich7

-2/ Eb 0, 2?837 Xmc Ykzocx Gcpoym bdxo%Jbyioyx Ikeeoxxcc bddksdich xmbx xmc dsefcv`byych bx Bsyimpoxw pby 8,11,111>

-6/ Ycqxcefcv 2, 2??=7 Hovcixkv kj Mklkibsyx yxshocy, _chsmb Fbscv kj _bh Zbymce,Mklkibsyx Icdxcv bx Gcvsyblce, ycx xmc dsefcv kj hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw bx 2,:11,111>

-9/ 2?=?7 Qvkjcyykv Vbsl Molfcv`, Qvkjcyykv kj Mklkibsyx Yxshocy od Xcl Bzoz, Oyvbcl, loyxyxmc Bsyimpoxw xkxbl bx 2,631,111>

-8/ Gsl, 2??17 Qkloym Moyxkvobdy vcqlbich xmc qlbrsc bx Bsyimpoxw poxm b dcp kdc yxbxod`

xmbx xmkyc pmk hoch kj bll ibsycy bdh kj bll dbxokdbloxocy oy 2,211,111> bdh-3/ Od 2??27 Eonmbol @kvfbimcz kqcdch xmc NF@ bvimozcy bdh `bzc Clowbfcxm Hklc xmc

ikeqlcxc kjjoiobl @cvebd vcòyxcv kj bll hcbxmy, pmoim xkxblch 08,111$ Dk `by imbefcv jkv xmcc}xcveodbxokd kj msebdy mby czcv fccd jksdh bx bd ibeq$

Xmc Gcp Coycdmkpcv'y Mklkibsyx"

&@kh, O mbxc xmc @cvebdy$$$& -Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv od b lcxxcv xk moy pojc odYcqxcefcv, 2?88/

Jovyx, O pbdx ks xk qoixsvc ykecxmod` od ksv eodh$ _ks bvc b @cvebd yklhocv pmkysvzozch xmvks`m xmc fbxxlcy kj Pkvlh OO$ _ks pcvc dkx vcbll qkloxoibll odzklzch, bdh ksvqbvcdxy pcvc blyk odhojjcvcdx xk qkloxoiy, fsx yshhcdl ksv chsibxokd pby odxcvvsqxch bdh kspcvc hvbjxch odxk xmc @cvebd bve bdh xklh pmcvc xk jo`mx$ Dkp, od xmc Yqvod` kj 2?83, ksycc xmbx ksv iksdxv mby fccd hcekloymch f xmc Bllocy, ksv ioxocy loc od vsody, bdh mblj kj ksv jbeol mby fccd nollch kv oy eoyyod`$ Dkp, ksv sdox oy fcod` ysvvksdhch, bdh ox oyjodbll xoec xk ysvvcdhcv$ Xmc jbix oy, xmcvc oy dk kxmcv imkoic$

Ox mby fccd b lkd`, iklh podxcv$ Xmc @cvebd bve vbxokdy mbzc dkx fccd bll xmbx `kkh, fsxks ebdb`ch xk ysvzozc$ Yqvod` ibec lbxc xmbx cbv, poxm pccny kj iklh vbod pcbxmcv od

hcekloymch Csvkqc$ _ksv fkkxy bvc xbxxcvch, ksv sdojkve oy jbllod` bqbvx, bdh xmc yxvcyy kj ysvvcdhcv bdh xmc ikdjsyokd xmbx locy bmcbh jkv ks mby ksv `sxy fcod` xkvd ksx$ Dkp, ox oykzcv, ks esyx ysvvcdhcv kv fc ymkx$ Xmoy oy pbv bdh xmc vcbl pkvlh$

_ks bvc xbncd by b @cvebd Qvoykdcv kj Pbv odxk Becvoibd mbdhy$ Xmc Becvoibdy mbh 611ysim Qvoykdcv kj Pbv ibeqy yibxxcvch bivkyy @cvebd$ _ks bvc ebvimch xk b ikeqksdhysvvksdhch poxm fbvfch povc jcdicy by jbv by xmc cc ibd ycc$ Xmksybdhy sqkd xmksybdhy kj ksv jcllkp @cvebd yklhocvy bvc blvcbh od xmoy ebnc%ymojx ikvvbl$ _ks ycc dk czohcdic kj blbxvodc bdh bjxcv xmvcc mksvy kj ebvimod` xmvks`m xmc esh kj xmc yqvod` vbod, xmc ikejkvx kj blbxvodc oy sqqcv%ekyx od ksv eodh$ _ks bvc hvozcd xmvks`m xmc mcbzol `sbvhch `bxc bdh jodhksvyclj jvcc xk ekzc bfksx, bdh ks fcòd xmc jsxolc ycbvim jkv xmc lbxvodc$ Jodbll, ks byn jkv hovcixokdy, bdh bvc odjkvech xmbx dk ysim ls}sv c}oyxy$



Qb`c | =

Dk ekvc xoec$ _ks jodh b qlbic bdh yrsbx$ Jovyx ks pcvc c}mbsyxch, xmcd msd`v, xmcdjcbvjsl, bdh dkp> hovx$ Msdhvchy ekvc @cvebd qvoykdcvy bvc fcmodh ks, qsymod` ks kd,

gbeeod` ks xk`cxmcv bdh czcv kdc kj xmce ycbvimod` jkv xmc lbxvodc by ykkd by xmc ikslh hkyk$ Dkp, lbxc od xmc hb, xmcvc oy dk yqbic xk czcd yrsbx, esim lcyy yox hkpd xk vcyx ksv pcbvlc`y$ Dkdc kj xmc qvoykdcvy, ks rsoinl lcbvd, mbzc mbh bd jkkh xmbx hb, od jbix xmcvc pby

dk jkkh pmolc od xmc Becvoibd mbdhy xmbx bd ysvzozod` qvoykdcv ibd xcyxoj xk$ Dk kdc mbycbxcd bd jkkh jkv pccny, bdh xmc bvc ylkpl yxbvzod` bdh hod`$ Fsx, xmc ibd'x hk xmoy xksy" Xmcvc bvc xmc @cdczb Ikdzcdxokd vslcy jkv xmc xvcbxecdx kj Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv$ Xmcvc esyxfc ykec eoyxbnc" Mkqc ikdxodscy xmvks`m xmc do`mx, poxm dk ymclxcv jvke xmc iklh, foxod` vbod$

_ksv sdojkve oy ykqqod` pcx, bdh jkvecvl fvbzc yklhocvy bvc pccqod` bll bvksdh ks, byfshh bjxcv fshh hocy jvke xmc lbin kj jkkh, pbxcv, ylccq bdh ymclxcv jvke xmc pcbxmcv$ Bjxcvpccny kj xmoy, ksv kpd mkqc flcchy kjj odxk hcyqbov, bdh jodbll ks bixsbll fcòd xk cdzxmkyc pmk, mbzod` ysvvcdhcvch jovyx ebdmkkh bdh xmcd ho`dox, dkp blyk ysvvcdhcv lojc oxyclj$Ekvc mkqclcyy pccny `k f$ Jodbll, xmc lbyx xmod` ks vcecefcv oy jbllod`, sdbflc xk `cx sq,bdh lod` jbic hkpd od xmc esh eo}ch poxm xmc c}ivcecdx kj xmkyc pmk mbzc `kdc fcjkvc$

_ksv fkh poll fc qoinch sq lkd` bjxcv ox oy iklh, bdh xbncd xk b yqciobl xcdx pmcvc ksvilkxmod` oy yxvoqqch kjj$ Yk xmbx ks poll fc rsoinl jkv`kxxcd, bdh dczcv b`bod ohcdxojoch, ksvhk`%xb` oy ydoqqch od mblj bdh ksv fkh blkd` poxm xmkyc kj ksv jcllkp yklhocvy bvc ikzcvchpoxm imceoibly jkv vbqoh hcikeqkyoxokd bdh fsvoch$ _ks pcvc dkx kdc kj xmc c}icqxokdy, jkvekvc xmbd kdc eollokd yczcd msdhvch xmksybdh @cvebd Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv hoch jvke bhclofcvbxc qkloi kj c}xcveodbxokd f yxbvzbxokd, c}qkysvc, bdh hoycbyc, sdhcv hovcix kvhcvy kj xmc Gcpoym @cdcvbl Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv$

Kdc ekdxm fcjkvc xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv 22, @cdcvbl Coycdmkpcv oyysch yqciobl kvhcvyikdicvdod` xmc xvcbxecdx kj @cvebd Qvoykdcvy bdh yqciojoi od xmc lbd`sb`c kj xmkyc kvhcvypby xmoy yxbxcecdx,

&Qvoykd cdilkysvcy bvc xk qvkzohc dk ymclxcv kv kxmcv ikejkvxy$&

Coycdmkpcv fok`vbqmcv Yxcqmcd Befvkyc, pmk pby òzcd biicyy xk xmc Coycdmkpcvqcvykdbl lcxxcvy, yxbxcy xmbx mc qvkqkych xk c}xcveodbxc xmc cdxovc @cvebd @cdcvbl Yxbjj,xmksybdhy kj qckqlc, bjxcv xmc pbv$

Coycdmkpcv, od moy qcvykdbl lcxxcvy, hoh dkx ecvcl mbxc xmc Dbwo Vcòec, bdh xmc jcp pmkoeqkych oxy poll hkpd jvke xmc xkq, fsx xmbx MC MBXCH XMC @CVEBD QCKQLC BY BVBIC$ Ox pby moy qcvykdbl odxcdx xk hcyxvk by ebd kj xmce by mc ikslh, bdh kdc pb pby xkpoqc ksx by ebd qvoykdcvy kj pbv by qkyyoflc$

Kj iksvyc, xmbx pby ollc`bl sdhcv Odxcvdbxokdbl lbp, yk mc oyysch bd kvhcv kd Ebvim 21,

2?83 bdh zcvojoch f moy odoxobly kd b ibflc kj xmbx hbxc, xmbx @cvebd Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv fcqvchcyo`dbxch by &Hoybvech Cdce Jkvicy& ibllch od xmcyc vcqkvxy by HCJ$ Mc kvhcvch xmbxxmcyc @cvebdy hoh dkx jbll sdhcv xmc @cdczb Vslcy, bdh pcvc dkx xk fc jch kv òzcd bd pbxcvkv echoibl bxxcdxokd$ Xmc Ypoyy Vch Ivkyy pby dkx xk odyqcix xmc ibeqy, jkv sdhcv xmc HCJilbyyojoibxokd, xmc mbh dk ysim bsxmkvox kv gsvoyhoixokd$

Ekdxmy bjxcv xmc pbv pby kjjoiobll kzcv, Coycdmkpcv'y yqciobl @cvebd HCJ ibeqy pcvcyxoll od kqcvbxokd jkviod` xmc ecd odxk ikdjodcecdx, fsx hcdod` xmbx xmc pcvc qvoykdcvy$ Byykkd by xmc pbv pby kzcv, @cdcvbl @ckv`c Qbxxkd yoeql xsvdch moy qvoykdcvy lkkyc xk jcdh jkvxmceyclzcy bdh jodh xmcov pb mkec by fcyx xmc ikslh$ Coycdmkpcv pby jsvoksy, bdh oyysch byqciojoi kvhcv xk Qbxxkd, xk xsvd xmcyc ecd kzcv xk xmc HCJ ibeqy$ Ndkpod` Qbxxkd by pc hkjvke moyxkv, pc ndkp xmbx xmcyc kvhcvy pcvc lbv`cl o`dkvch, bdh ox eb pcll fc xmbx Qbxxkd'y

sdxoecl bdh isvoksy hcbxm eb mbzc fccd b vcyslx kj pmbx mc ndcp bfksx xmcyc pvcximchCoycdmkpcv HCJ ibeqy$



Qb`c | ?

Xmc fkkn, KXMCV LKYYCY, jksdh oxy pb b jcp ekdxmy b`k odxk xmc mbdhy kj b Ibdbhobddcpy vcqkvxcv, Qcxcv Pkvxmod`xkd, kj xmc KXXBPB YSD$ Mc hoh moy kpd vcycbvim xmvks`mikdxbixy mc mbh od Ibdbhb, bdh vcqkvxch od moy iklsed kd Ycqxcefcv 26,2?=? xmc jkllkpod`,od qbvx7

&$$$ox oy mbvh xk cyibqc xmc ikdilsyokd xmbx Hpo`mx Coycdmkpcv pby b pbv ivoeodbl kj cqoi

qvkqkvxokdy$ Moy -HCJ/ qkloi nollch ekvc @cvebdy od qcbic xmbd pcvc nollch od xmc CsvkqcbdXmcbxcv$&

&Jkv cbvy pc mbzc flbech xmc 2$0 eollokd eoyyod` @cvebd QKP'y kd xmc Vsyyobdy$ Sdxoldkp, dk kdc hs` xkk hccql $$$ Poxdcyycy bdh ysvzozkvy mbzc fccd odxcvzocpch f xmc bsxmkv>kdc Blloch kjjoicv ikeqbvch xmc Becvoibd ibeqy xk Fsimcdpblh$&

Ox oy ndkpd, xmbx xmc Bllocy mbh ysjjoiocdx yxkinqolcy kj jkkh bdh echoiodc xk ibvc jkv xmcyc@cvebd yklhocvy$ Xmoy pby hclofcvbxcl bdh odxcdxokdbll hcdoch xmce$ Ebd ecd hoch kj `bd`vcdc jvke jvkyxfoxc hsc xk hclofcvbxc c}qkysvc$ Lkibl @cvebd qckqlc pmk kjjcvch xmcycecd jkkh, pcvc hcdoch$ @cdcvbl Qbxxkd'y Xmovh Bve pby xmc kdl ikeebdh od xmc CsvkqcbdXmcbxcv xk vclcbyc yo`dojoibdx dsefcvy kj @cvebdy$

Kxmcvy, ysim by Kebv Fvbhlc bdh @cdcvbl G$I$M$ Lcc, Ikeebdhcv kj Ike W, xvoch, bdhkvhcvch xmc vclcbyc kj qvoykdcvy poxmod b pccn kj xmc pbv'y cdh$ Mkpczcv, b YMBCJ Kvhcv,yo`dch f Coycdmkpcv, iksdxcvebdhch xmce kd Eb 23xm$

Hkcy xmbx ebnc ks bd`v; Pmbx poll ox xbnc xk `cx xmc bzcvb`c bqbxmcxoi Becvoibdodzklzch od ybzod` moy iksdxv jvke ysim xvboxkvy bx xmc xkq; Xmovx cbvy b`k, beoh xmc mo`mqkqslbvox kj Coycdmkpcv, b fkkn pby pvoxxcd ycxxod` ksx xmc qkloxoibl bdh ekvbl qmolkykqm>kj Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv ibllch, XMC QKLOXOIOBD, f Vkfcvx Pclim$ Xmoy cbv oy xmc210xm Bddozcvybv kj Coycdmkpcv'y fovxm od Hcdoykd, Xc}by kd Kixkfcv 28, 2=?1, xmc ykd kj Gbikf Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv bdh moy pojc Ohb$ Czcvkdc oy bll c}ioxch bfksx xmc iclcfvbxokd kj xmoylbdhebvn od xmc moyxkv kj &xmoy Becvoibd qbxvokx$& Ycdbxkv Vkfcvx Hklc, od mkdkv kj xmcIkeebdhcv kj xmc Becvoibd Hcbxm Ibeqy, qvkqkych xmbx Pbymod`xkd'y Hsllcy Bovqkvx fcvcdbech xmc Coycdmkpcv Bovqkvx"

Xmc SDOXCH YXBXCY EODX od Qmolbhclqmob, QB oy bixsbll oyysod` b yqciobl CoycdmkpcvIcdxcddobl Yolzcv Hkllbv jkv kdl (63 cbim$ Xmc poll kdl eodx 8 eollokd kj xmcyc ikllcixkv'yoxcey, bdh zcxcvbd'y eb`bwodcy bvc qvkekxod` xmcyc ikody sdhcv xmc ylk`bd, &Vcecefcv xmcEbd$$$Vcecefcv xmc Xoecy$$$& Qbvhkd ec oj O vc`svòxbxc"

Xmcvc poll fc ykec zcxcvbdy pmk poll dkx fc fsod` xmcyc ikody$ Xpk poll fc Ikl$ GbecyEbykd bdh Ikl$ Imbvlcy Fcbylc pmk pcvc od xmc S$Y$ Bve Echoibl Ikvqy pmk qsfloymch bqbqcv kd xmc Coycdmkpcv Hcbxm Ibeqy od 2?31$ Xmc yxbxch od qbvx7

&Mshhlch ilkyc xk`cxmcv jkv pbvexm, fcmodh xmc fbvfch povc pby b ekyx bpcykec yo`mx>dcbvl 211,111 mb``bvh, bqbxmcxoi, hovx, `bsdx, flbdn%yxbvod` ecd ilbh od hovx `vb sdojkvey,bdh yxbdhod` bdnlc hccq od esh $$$ pbxcv pby b ebgkv qvkflce, cx kdl 611 bvhy bpb xmcVozcv Vmodc pby vsddod` fbdnjsll$&

Bdkxmcv Zcxcvbd, pmk poll dkx fc fsod` bd kj xmc Coycdmkpcv Yolzcv Hkllbvy oy EbvxodFvcim kj Ebmkqbi, Dcp _kvn, b yceo%vcxovch qvkjcyykv kj qmolkykqm bx Ecvi Ikllc`c odHkffy Jcvv, D_$ Od 2?83, Fvcim pby bd 2= cbv klh Qvozbxc Jovyx Ilbyy od Ikeqbd I kj xmc28xm Odjbdxv, byyo`dch by b `sbvh bdh odxcvqvcxcv bx xmc Coycdmkpcv Hcbxm Ibeq bxBdhcvdbim, blkd` xmc Vmodc Vozcv$ Mc yxbxch jkv YQKXLO@MX, Jcfvsbv 26, 2??17

&E qvkxcyxy -vc`bvhod` xvcbxecdx kj xmc @cvebd HCJ'Y/ pcvc ecx poxm mkyxolox kv

odhojjcvcdic, bdh pmcd O xmvcp ksv beqlc vbxokdy xk xmce kzcv xmc fbvfch povc$ O pbyxmvcbxcdch, ebnod` ox ilcbv xmbx ox pby ksv hclofcvbxc qkloi dkx xk bhcrsbxcl jcch xmce$&



Qb`c | 21

&Pmcd xmc ibs`mx ec xmvkpod` I% Vbxokdy kzcv xmc jcdic, xmc xmvcbxcdch ec poxmoeqvoykdecdx$ Kdc Ibqxbod xklh ec xmbx mc pkslh ymkkx ec oj mc ybp ec b`bod xkyyod` jkkhxk xmc @cvebdy $$$ Ykec kj xmc ecd pcvc vcbll kdl fky 29 cbvy kj b`c$$$Ykec kj xmcqvoykdcvy pcvc klh ecd hvbjxch f Moxlcv od moy lbyx hoxim yxbdh $$$ O sdhcvyxbdh xmbx bzcvb`cpco`mx kj xmc qvoykdcvy bx Bdhcvdbim pby ?1 qksdhy$$$O mbzc vcicozch xmvcbxy $$$ Dczcvxmclcyy,

xmoy$$$mby lofcvbxch ec, jkv O eb dkp fc mcbvh pmcd O vclbxc xmc mkvvoflc bxvkiox O poxdcyychby b qvoykd `sbvh jkv kdc kj 'Onc'y hcbxm ibeqy' blkd` xmc Vmodc$& -Fcxx Lks Yeoxm Mbdykd/

Dkxc7 Vcecefcv xmc qmkxk kj Onc'y Pcyx Qkodx cbvfkkn qoixsvc pmcd mc pby hsffch&ONC, XMC XCVVOFLC YPCHOYM GCP&; F xmc pb, mc pby dc}x, kv dcbvl yk, xk xmclbyx od moy ilbyy$ Xmoy bvxoilc pby jovyx qvodxch od 2??1, fsx pc xmks`mx ox pby ecbdod`jsl xkvcqvodx ox dkp$

Dkxc7 Hsvod` Ibhcx Coycdmkpcv'y xoec bx Pcyx Qkodx Bibhce, Coycdmkpcv pbyyseekdch xk xmc kjjoic kj xmc mcbhebyxcv bdh pby bynch ykec qkodxch rscyxokdy$ Bx xmc xoec,ox pby vksxodc qvkichsvc xk xcyx b ibhcx'y flkkh xk odysvc Pmoxc vbiobl odxc`vox$

Bqqbvcdxl xmcvc pby b rscyxokd kj Coycdmkpcv'y vbiobl lodcb`c bdh xmoy pby fvks`mx xkCoycdmkpcv'y bxxcdxokd f xmc mcbhebyxcv$ Pmcd bynch oj mc pby qbvx Kvocdxbl, Coycdmkpcvvcqloch od xmc dc`bxozc$ Bjxcv ykec hoyisyyokd, Coycdmkpcv bheoxxch mbzod` ykec Gcpoymfbin`vksdh$ Xmc mcbhebyxcv xmcd vcqkvxchl yboh, &Xmbx'y pmcvc ks `cx ksv Kvocdxblflkkh;& Blxmks`m mc pby bllkpch xk vcebod bx xmc bibhce, pkvh `kx bvksdh yodic xmoy pby bxoec od moyxkv pmcd dkd%Pmoxcy pcvc dkx bllkpch odxk xmc bibhce$

Lbxcv, od Coycdmkpcv'y Pcyx Qkodx Eoloxbv Bibhce `vbhsbxod` ilbyy cbvfkkn, qsfloymchod 2?23, Coycdmkpcv oy ohcdxojoch by b &xcvvoflc Ypchoym Gcp$&

Pmcvczcv Coycdmkpcv pcdx hsvod` moy eoloxbv ibvccv, Coycdmkpcv'y Gcpoym fbin`vksdhbdh ycikdhbv ebdojcyxod` fcmbzokv pby b ikdicvd xk moy jcllkp kjjoicvy$ Hsvod` Pkvlh PbvOO pmcd Ikl$ Coycdmkpcv pby pkvnod` jkv @cd$ Hks`lby EbiBvxmsv od xmc Yksxm Qbiojoi,EbiBvxmsv qvkxcyxch xk moy ysqcvokvy od Pbymod`xkd -HI/ xmbx Coycdmkpcv pby odikeqcxcdxbdh xmbx mc hoh dkx pbdx Coycdmkpcv kd moy yxbjj$

Od 2?89, Pbymod`xkd dkx kdl xvbdyjcvvch Ikl$ Coycdmkpcv xk Csvkqc fsx qvkekxch moekzcv ekvc xmbd 91 ekvc c}qcvocdich ycdokv kjjoicvy xk jozc yxbv `cdcvbl bdh qlbich moe odimbv`c kj bll xmc SY jkvicy od Csvkqc$

Xmsy ox ikecy by dk ysvqvoyc xmbx @cdcvbl @ckv`c Qbxxkd, b vcbl Bvbd pbvvokv, mbxchCoycdmkpcv$

^Ch7 Qbxxkd pby nccd xk jo`mx xmc Ykzocxy, bdh vcqkvxchl ncqx ykec @cvebd sdoxy vcbh xkekzc b`bodyx xmc Ykzocxy$$$sdysvqvoyod`l mc pby nollch> bjxcv xmc pbv, od b 'ibv ivbym,' gsyx lonc

Lbpvcdic kj Bvbfob pby ikdzcdocdxl fseqch kjj, od b yoeolbv ebddcv, jkv moy 'qvk%jbyioyx'zocpyU$

“xmc Mklkibsyx jvbecpkvn mby qvkekxch by pcll b fcllo`cvcdx yxbdic xkpbvh bd ivoxoioyekj Oyvbcl$―

Xmc bxmcoyxoi Gcp mby vclcdxlcyyl yks`mx xk oeqkyc moy ebxcvobloyxoi, bxmcoyxoi ohcby sqkdxmc Pcyxcvd Pmoxc ebd, fkxm vcloòksy bdh qkloxoibl$ Mc mby yyxcebxoibll odzbhch xmc PmoxcEbd'y yimkkly kj xmcklk`, yccnod` xk hcyxvk bd lod`cvod` jovyx icdxsv ohcby kj Imvoyxobdox,bdh od xsvd qcvzcvx Imvoyxobdox b`bodyx oxyclj, cdbflod` xmc Gcp xk syc Imvoyxobdox by b xkkl xkhcyxvk xmc Pmoxc Vbic$ Xmsy, Gshck%Imvoyxobdox oy dkxmod` ekvc xmbd Gshbowch zcvyokdy kj yk%ibllch Imvoyxobdox$ Xmoy fcikecy b xkkl kj xmc Gcpoym Ykiobloyx$



Qb`c | 22

&Xmc @dkyxoiy hcvozch xmcov lcbhod` hkixvodcy bdh ohcby jvke Qlbxk bdh Qmolk, xmc Wcdh%bzcyxb, xmc Nbffblbm, bdh xmc Ybivch fkkny kj Odhob bdh C`qx> bdh xmsy odxvkhsich odxk xmcfkyke kj Imvoyxobdox xmc ikyeklkòibl bdh xmckykqmoibl yqcislbxokdy, pmoim mbh jkvech xmclbv`cv qkvxokd kj xmc bdiocdx vcloòkdy kj xmc Kvocdx, gkodch xk xmkyc kj xmc C`qxobd, @vccn,bdh Gcpoym hkixvodcy, pmoim xmc Dck%Qlbxkdoyxy mbh crsbll bhkqxch od xmc Kiiohcdx$$

“Ox oy bheoxxch xmbx xmc ivbhlc kj @dkyxoioye oy qvkfbfl xk fc lkknch jkv od Yvob bdh czcdod Qblcyxodc$ Ekyx kj oxy c}qksdhcvy pvkxc od xmbx ikvvsqxch jkve kj xmc @vccn sych f xmcMcllcdoyxoi Gcpy$$$bdh xmcvc pby b yxvonod` bdblk` fcxpccd xmcov hkixvodcy bdh xmkyc kj xmcGshck%C`qxobd Qmolk kj Blc}bdhvob> oxyclj xmc ycbx kj xmvcc yimkkly, bx kdic qmolkykqmoi bdhvcloòksy, xmc @vccn, xmc C`qxobd, bdh xmc Gcpoym$ Qxmb`kvby bdh Qlbxk, xmc ekyx eyxoibl kj xmc @vciobd qmolkykqmcvy -xmc lbxxcv mcov xk xmc hkixvodcy kj xmc jkvecv/, bdh pmk mbh xvbzclch,xmc lbxxcv od C`qx, bdh xmc jkvecv od Qmkcdoiob, Odhob, bdh Qcvyob, blyk xbs`mx xmc cykxcvoihkixvodc$$$Xmc hkeodbdx hkixvodcy kj Qlsxkdoye pcvc jksdh od @dkyxoioye$$$

“Xmc Gcpoym%@vccn Yimkkl kj Blc}bdhvob oy ndkpd kdl f xpk kj oxy imocjy, Bvoyxkfslsybdh Qmolk, fkxm Gcpy kj Blc}bdhvob od C`qx$ Fclkdòd` xk Byob f oxy kvoòd, xk C`qx f oxy

vcyohcdic, xk @vccic f oxy lbd`sb`c bdh yxshocy, ox yxvkzc xk ymkp xmbx bll xvsxmy cefchhch odxmc qmolkykqmocy kj kxmcv iksdxvocy pcvc xvbdyqlbdxch xmoxmcv jvke Qblcyxodc$ “Bvoyxkfslsyhcilbvch xmbx bll xmc jbixy bdh hcxboly kj xmc Gcpoym Yivoqxsvcy pcvc yk ebd bllc`kvocyikdicblod` xmc ekyx qvkjksdh ecbdod`y, bdh xmbx Qlbxk mbh fkvvkpch jvke xmce bll moy jodcyxohcby$ Qmolk, pmk lozch b icdxsv bjxcv moe, jkllkpod` xmc ybec xmckv, cdhcbzkvch xk ymkpxmbx xmc Mcfvcp pvoxod`y, f xmcov yyxce kj bllc`kvocy, pcvc xmc xvsc yksvic kj bll vcloòkdybdh qmolkykqmoibl hkixvodcy$ Biikvhod` xk moe, xmc loxcvbl ecbdod` pby jkv xmc zsl`bvblkdc$$$Xmc Gcpy kj Yvob bdh Gshcb pcvc xmc hovcix qvcisvykvy kj @dkyxoioye> bdh od xmcovhkixvodcy pcvc beqlc Kvocdxbl clcecdxy$

“Xmcyc Gcpy mbh mbh poxm xmc Kvocdx, bx xpk hojjcvcdx qcvokhy, odxoebxc vclbxokdy,

jbeolobvowod` xmce poxm xmc hkixvodcy kj Byob bdh cyqciobll kj Imblhcb bdh Qcvyob$$$Lozod`dcbvl xpk%xmovhy kj b icdxsv, bdh ebd kj xmce lkd` bjxcvpbvh, od Ecykqkxbeob, xmc ivbhlckj xmcov vbic> yqcbnod` xmc ybec lbd`sb`c, bdh xmcov imolhvcd vcbvch poxm xmkyc kj xmcImblhcbdy$ Byyvobdy, Echcy, bdh Qcvyobdy, xmc dcicyybvol bhkqxch ebd kj xmc hkixvodcy kj xmcov ikdrscvkvy$$$bdh xmcyc bhhoxokdy xk xmc klh hkixvodc pcvc ykkd yqvcbh f xmc ikdyxbdxodxcviksvyc kj ikeecvic odxk Yvob bdh Qblcyxodc$$$

“Jvke C`qx kv Qcvyob xmc dcp Qlbxkdoyxy fkvvkpch xmc ohcb, bdh xmc @dkyxoiy vcicozch oxjvke xmce, xmbx ebd, od moy xcvvcyxvobl ibvccv, oy ysiicyyozcl sdhcv xmc odjlscdic kj xmc Ekkd,Ecvisv, Zcdsy, Ysd, Ebvy, Gsqoxcv, bdh Ybxsvd, sdxol mc jodbll vcbimcy xmc Clyobd Joclhy$&-Ekvbly bdh Hkèby, Blfcvx Qonc/

Xmc Gcpy mbzc blyk yyxcebxoibll odzbhch xmc yimkkly kj lcbvdod`$ Xkhb, xmc bxmcoyxoiGcp ikdxodscy xk Gcpoym+ykioblowc loxxlc, Pmoxc, Imvoyxobd imolhvcd f xcbimod` moy bxmcoyxoi bdhikeesdoyxoi mklkibsyx -MklkMKB]/ qvkqb`bdhb od xmc Becvoibd yimkkly, bll xmc pmolchcdod` Pmoxc, Imvoyxobd Becvoibdy xmcov jvcchke kj yqccim bdh jvcchke xk vcfsx kv hoyqsxcxmc flbxbdx Gcpoym lobvy pmk ikec xk xmc Becvoibd yimkkl yyxce xk xcll xmcov hcekdoi locy,bdh xmcvcf Gcpoym+ykioblowc ksv Becvoibd Pmoxc imolhvcd$

&'Xmc Gcpoym Cyxbfloymecdx&7

“Od xmc cbvl 2?91y, Pblxcv Hsvbdx kj xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy pby od Ekyikp, ikzcvod` GkcYxblod xmc pb Gkc Yxblod pbdxch xk fc ikzcvch$ Xk ebodxbod jbzkv bdh biicyy, mc c}qvcyylhcdoch xmbx xmcvc pby jbeodc od Snvbodc czcd pmolc eollokdy kj Snvbodobd Imvoyxobdy pcvc

fcod` yxbvzch odxk ysfeoyyokd$ Jkv moy pkvn Hsvbdx pkd xmc Qsloxwcv Qvowc jkv gksvdbloye$ Xkxmoy hb, xmc Xoecy vcebody xmc ekyx ebòyxcvobl bdh vcyqcixbflc kj Becvoibd dcpyqbqcvy$



Qb`c | 26

“Dkp oebòdc xmbx b ebgkv dcpyqbqcv mbh mbh b ikvvcyqkdhcdx od Fcvlod hsvod` vks`mlxmc ybec qcvokh pmk mkfdkffch poxm Moxlcv, qkvxvbch moe od b jlbxxcvod` lo`mx, bdh hcdochxmbx Gcpy pcvc fcod` eoyxvcbxch, xmcvcf dkx kdl ikdicblod`, fsx ebxcvobll byyoyxod` xmcvcòec'y qcvycisxokd$ Pkslh xmbx qbqcv'y vcyqcixbfolox mbzc fccd sdoeqbovch yczcvbl hcibhcylbxcv;

“Xmcvc ks mbzc bd cqoxkec kj pmbx oy lbecl ibllch 'echob foby$' Xmc Pcyxcvd ysqqkvxcvykj Yxblod mbzcd'x gsyx fccd c}isych> xmc mbzc vcicozch xmc mblk kj zoixoe mkkh jkv xmcibeqbo`d, od pmbx lofcvbly ibll 'xmc EiIbvxm cvb,' xk `cx xmce ksx kj xmc `kzcvdecdx, xmcchsibxokd yyxce, bdh vcyqcixbflc ykiocx oxyclj$

“Dkx kdl qcvycisxokd kj Gcpy fsx bd ivoxoibl ecdxokd kj Gcpoym qkpcv od xmc echob bdhqkloxoiy oy vksdhl ikdhcedch by 'bdxo%Yceoxoye$' Fsx xmcvc oyd'x czcd b xcve kj kqqvkfvosejkv qbvxoioqbxokd od xmc ebyy esvhcvy kj Imvoyxobdy$ Lofcvbly yxoll hkd'x icdysvc xmc Ikeesdoyxbxxceqx xk c}xovqbxc Imvoyxobdox jvke Ykzocx Vsyyob bdh oxy ceqovc, bdh jkv `kkh vcbykd,lofcvbly xmceyclzcy, qbvxoislbvl Gcpoym lofcvbly, bvc yxoll xvod` xk sqvkkx Imvoyxobdox jvkeBecvoib$

“Ox'y qcveoyyoflc xk hoyisyy xmc qkpcv kj czcv kxmcv `vksq, jvke xmc Flbin Esyloey xk xmcImvoyxobd Vo`mx, fsx xmc esim `vcbxcv qkpcv kj xmc Gcpoym cyxbfloymecdx oy kjj%loeoxy$ Xmbx, odjbix, oy xmc imocj ecbysvc kj oxy qkpcv7 oxy bfolox xk oeqkyc oxy kpd xbfkky pmolc xcbvod` hkpdxmc xbfkky kj kxmcvy, ks eo`mx blekyx yb oxy qvcvk`bxozc kj kjjcdhod`$

“_ks ibd vcbh bvxoilcy od Gcpoym%ikdxvkllch qsfloibxokdy jvke xmc Xoecy xk Ikeecdxbvflbeod` Imvoyxobdox jkv xmc Mklkibsyx kv biisyod` Qkqc Qosy ]OO kj odhojjcvcdic xk ox, fsxhkd'x lkkn jkv bvxoilcy od bd ebgkv qsfloibxokd xmbx pbdxy xk yxb od fsyodcyy c}beodod` xmcGcpoym vklc od Ikeesdoye bdh lofcvbloye, mkpczcv xceqcvbxcl$& -Xmc Gcpoym Cyxbfloymecdx,Gkycqm Ykfvbd, Ycqxcefcv 2??3 oyysc/

Xmc mklkibsyx oy xbs`mx od yimkkly, bdh xmc Gcp oy bllkpch xk ikec od bdh xcbim moyvcloòksy zocpy od xmc ikdxc}x kj xcbimod` bfksx xmc mklkibsyx, bdh mc odjlscdicy ksv imolhvcdodxk fcloczod` xmbx Gcpy bvc xmc imkycd qckqlc kj @kh$ Od vcblox, xvsc Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy bvc xmcImkycd Qckqlc kj @kh$

Bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb oy dkxmod` dcp xk xmc Gcpy$ Ox mby biikeqbdoch czcv ikdjloix kj xmc61xm icdxsv bdh hksfxlcyy poll ikdxodsc xk hk yk$ Hsvod` xmc Jovyx Pkvlh Pbv, xmc @cvebdypcvc bixsbll biisych kj cbxod` Fclòbd fbfocy, by pcll by hclo`mxod` xk xmvkp xmce od xmc bovbdh xvbdyjo} xmce kd fbkdcxy$

Xmc Fvoxoym blyk bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebd jkvicy pcvc kqcvbxod` b “Ikvqyc Jbixkv,― odpmoim xmc fkolch hkpd xmc fkhocy kj xmcov kpd hcbh od kvhcv xk kfxbod `licvodc bdh kxmcv

ikeekhoxocy, b iblislbxch odyslx xk xmc mkdkv kj xmc @cvebd Bve$ BJXCV XMC PBV, mkpczcv, IBEC XMC VCXVBIXOKDY7 ODHCCH, B QSFLOI YXBXCECDX PBYEBHC F_ XMC JKVCO@D YCIVCXBV_ OD XMC MKSYC KJ IKEEKDYBQKLK@OWOD@ JKV XMC ODYSLXY XK @CVEBD MKDKV, PMOIM PCVCBHEOXXCH XK FC PBV%XOEC QVKQB@BDHB$

Dk ysim yxbxcecdxy mbzc fccd ebhc bjxcv xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv -Xmc Gcpy mbh kfxbodchbfyklsxc ikdxvkl kj xmc dcpy qbqcvy, eb`bwodcy bdh cxi$, f xmc cdh kj xmc pbv/$ Od jbix, vbxmcvxmbd hoeodoym poxm xmc qbyyb`c kj cbvy, xmc bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb ikdicvdod` xmc @cvebdkiisqbxokd, bdh od qbvxoislbv xmcov xvcbxecdx kj xmc Gcpy, mby hkdc dkxmod` fsx odivcbyc oxyzovslcdic bdh clbfkvbxc oxy ibxblk`sc kj mkvvkvy$

@vscykec qbqcvfbin fkkny poxm lsvoh ikzcvy ikdxodsc xk vkll jvke xmc qvcyycy, bhhodìkdxodsksyl xk b `vkpod` exmklk` kj xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh cyqciobll xkx mc yxkv



Qb`c | 29

xmbx dk lcyy xmbd Yo} Eollokd Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch od xmce$ Xmoy yxsh poll vczcbl xmoy ilboexk fc xmc ekyx iklkyybl qocic kj joixokd bdh xmc ekyx ysiicyyjsl kj hcicqxokdy> fsx mcvc bdbxxceqx eb fc ebhc xk bdypcv bd oeqkvxbdx rscyxokd7 Pmbx mby vcdhcvch xmc bxvkiox yxkvocykj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv yk sdorscl hojjcvcdx jvke xmkyc kj xmc Jovyx; Pm pcvc xmc jkvecvvcxvbixch pmolc xmc lbxxcv bvc vcoxcvbxch lkshcv xmbd czcv; Oy ox qkyyoflc xmbx xmc yxkv kj xmc Yo}

Eollokd Gcpy oy ycvzod` b qkloxoibl qsvqkyc> xmbx ox oy b jkve kj qkloxoibl flbinebol;Yk jbv by xmc Gcpoym qckqlc, xmceyclzcy, bvc ikdicvdch, xmc hcicqxokd mby fccd bd

odiblislbflc fcdcjox$ Czcv ikdicozbflc vbic bdh dbxokdblox mbh oxy ymbvc kj ysjjcvod` od xmcYcikdh Pkvlh Pbv, fsx dkdc mby yk ysiicyyjsll clbfkvbxch ox bdh xsvdch ox xk ysim `vcbxbhzbdxb`c$

Xmc bllc`ch c}xcdx kj xmcov qcvycisxokd rsoinl bvksych yeqbxm jkv xmc Gcpoym dbxokdblmkeclbdh xmc mbh yks`mx jkv yk lkd`> bjxcv xmc Pbv xmc Fvoxoym @kzcvdecdx hoh loxxlc xkqvczcdx Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Qblcyxodc pmoim xmc mbh hcilbvch ollc`bl, bdh ox pby dkx lkd`bjxcvpbvhy xmbx xmc Wokdoyxy pvcyxch jvke xmc @kzcvdecdx xmc lbdh kj Qblcyxodc bdh ivcbxchxmcov mbzcd jvke qcvycisxokd, xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$

Ebyybivcy Ikeeoxxch f xmc Gcpy od

Qblcyxodc B Qbvxobl Loyx

Xmc pkvyx kj xmc ebyybivcy pcvc xmc Nod` Hbzoh Mkxcl, xmc Yceovbeoy Mkxcl, Hcov _byyod,Hbpbeb, Nofb, Nbjv Nbyyoe, xmc bxxbin b`bodyx xmc SYY Lofcvx bdh xmc Lofbd Fkcod`060 Bovlodcv, bdh xmc ebyybivcy b`bodyx Ybfvb bdh Ymbxolb bdh kxmcv vcjs`cc ibeqy odLcfbdkd$ Jkllkpod` bvc gsyx b jcp kj xmc ebd ebyybivcy ikeeoxxch f xmc Gcpoym+Wokdoyxy>

yqciojoibll xmc Mb`bdb, Ov`sd bdh Yxcvd @bd`y kj Oyvbcl7 Xmc Ebyybivc kj

2$ Nod` Hbzoh Mkxcl, Gsl 66, 2?8:$

6$ Ymbvbjbx, Jcf$ 0, 2?32$

9$ Hcov _byyod, Bqvol 21, 2?8=$

8$ Dbycvshhodc, Bqvol 28, 2?8=$

3$ Ibvecl, Bqvol 61, 2?8=$

:$ Bl%Rbfs, Eb 2, 2?8=$

0$ Fcox Novby, Eb 9, 2?8=$

=$ Fcoxnmksv, Eb 3, 2?8=$

?$ Bw%Wbxksd, Eb :, 2?8=$

21$ Pbho Bvbfb, Eb 29, 2?31$

22$ Jblbecm, Bqvol 6, 2?32$

26$ Rsofb, Kix$ 28, 2?39$

29$ Dbmblod, Ebvim, 6=, 2?38$

28$ @bwb, Jcf$ 6=, 2?33$

23$ Nmbd _sdoy, Eb 92, 2?33$

2:$ Nmbd _sdoy B`bod, Bs`$ 92, 2?33$



Qb`c | 28

20$ Xofcvob, Hci$ 22, 2?33$

2=$ By%Ybfmb, Dkz$ 6, 2?33$

2?$ @bwb B`bod, Bqvol 3, 2?3:$

61$ Mksyybd, Ycqx$ 63, 2?3:$

62$ Vbjb, Bs`$ 2:, 2?3:$

66$ Rblrolbm, Kix$ 21, 2?3:$

69$ Bv%Vbmpb, Ycqx$ 26, 2?3:$

68$ Nbmv Nbyyce, Kix$ 6?, 2?3:$

63$ @mbvbdhbl, Ycqx$ 29, 2?3:$

6:$ @bwb Yxvoq, Dkz$ 2?3:$

Ox oy b vcebvnbflc jbix xmbx xmc Gcpy cecv`ch jvke xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by dkxmod` lcyyxmbd b xvoseqmbdx eodkvox$ Hv$ Eb} Dbyyfbse, xmc jkvecv imocj vbffo kj mc Gcpoymikeesdox od Fcvlod, yxbxch kd Bqvol 22, 2?397

“Xmc qkyoxokd xmc Gcpoym qckqlc kiisq xkhb od xmc pkvlh> hcyqoxc xmc cdkveksy lkyycy, oyxcd xoecy yxvkd`cv xmbd pmbx ox pby xpcdx cbvy b`k$―

Ox ymkslh fc bhhch, oj kdc oy xk fc mkdcyx, xmbx xmc yxvcd`xm mby fccd esim ikdyklohbxchjodbdiobll f mc ysqqkych ebyybivc kj xmc Yo} Eollokd, sdhksfxchl xmc ekyx qvkjoxbflcbxvkiox bllc`bxokd kj bll xoec$ Xk hbxc, xmc yxb``cvod` jo`svc kj yo} xmksybdh eollokd qksdhymby fccd qboh ksx od ikeqcdybxokd -Jkv b MklkMKB] xmbx dczcv mbqqcdch/ f xmc Jchcvbl@kzcvdecdx kj Pcyx @cvebd, ekyxl xk xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl -Pmoim dczcv c}oyxch sdxol bjxcvxmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv/, by pcll by xk odhozohsbl Gcpoym ilboey$

Hoyiksvb`cecdx kj Dbxokdbloye7 Od xcvey kj qkloxoibl flbinebol, mkpczcv, xmc bllc`bxokdxmbx Yo} Eollokd Gcpy hoch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv mby esim jbv%vcbimod` oeqloibxokdyjkv xmc qckqlc kj Fvoxbod bdh Csvkqc xmbd yoeql fc bhzbdxb`cy ox mby `bodch jkv xmc Gcpy$Mcvc kdc ikecy od xmc ivs} kj xmc rscyxokd7 Pm xmc Fo` Loc; Pmbx oy oxy qsvqkyc;

Od xmc jovyx qbic, ox mby fccd sych rsoxc sdyivsqslksyl xk hoyiksvb`c bd jkve kj dbxokdbloye$ Ymkslh xmc qckqlc kj Fvoxbod kv bd kxmcv Csvkqcbd iksdxv bxxceqx xk byycvxxmcov qbxvokxoye bdh qvcycvzc xmcov dbxokdbl odxc`vox od bd b`c pmcd xmc zcv c}oyxcdic kj dbxokd%yxbxcy oy xmvcbxcdch, xmc bvc oeechobxcl fvbdhch by―dcp%Dbwoy$―

Fcibsyc, kj iksvyc, Dbwoye pby dbxokdbloye, bdh pc bll ndkp pmbx mbqqcdch xmcd> Yo}Eollokd Gcpy c}xcveodbxch" Yk lkd` by xmc exm oy qcvqcxsbxch, qckqlcy czcvpmcvc poll

vcebod od fkdhb`c xk, xmc dcch jkv odxcvdbxokdbl xklcvbdic bdh sdhcvyxbdhod` poll fcmbeecvch mkec f xmc Sdoxch Dbxokdy sdxol dbxokdmkkh oxyclj, xmc zcv `sbvbdxcc kj jvcchke,oy bfkloymch$

B ilbyyoi c}beqlc kj xmc syc kj xmc “Yo} Eollokd― by bd bdxo%dbxokdbl pcbqkd bqqcbvy odEbdzcll bdh Jvbdn‟y fkkn, “Xmc Odikeqbvbflc Ivoec― -Lkdhkd, 2?:0/, pmoim hcbly poxm“@cdkiohc od xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv$― Bdkdc poxm bd ksdic kj qvohc od fcod` Fvoxoym poll fcysvqvoych f xmc zoioksy bxxbin ebhc kd xmc Fvoxoym Ceqovc od xmoy fkkn$

Xmc bsxmkvy rskxc Qbdhox Dcmvs, pmk pvkxc xmc jkllkpod` pmolc od b Fvoxoym qvoykd odOdhob7

“Yodic Moxlcv cecv`ch jvke kfyisvox bdh fcibec xmc Jsmvcv kj @cvebd, pc mbzc mcbvh b`vcbx hcbl bfksx vbiobloye bdh xmc Dbwo xmckv kj xmc ”Mcvvcdzkln‟$$$fsx pc od Odhob mbzc



Qb`c | 23

ndkpd vbiobloye od bll oxy jkvey czcv yodic xmc ikeecdicecdx kj Fvoxoym vslc$ Xmc pmklcohcklk` kj xmoy vslc pby xmbx kj xmc ”Mcvvcdzkln‟ bdh xmc ebyxcv vbic$$$Odhob by b dbxokd bdhOdhobdy by odhozohsbly pcvc ysfgcixch xk odyslx, mseolobxokd bdh ikdxceqxsksy xvcbxecdx$ XmcCd`loym pcvc bd oeqcvobl vbic, pc pcvc xklh, poxm xmc @kh òzcd vo`mx xk `kzcvd sy bdh nccqsy od ysfgcixokd> oj pc qvkxcyxch pc pcvc vceodhch kj xmc ”xo`cv rsbloxocy kj bd oeqcvobl vbic$‟―

Xmc bsxmkvy Ebdzcll bdh Jvbdno xmcd `k kd xk ebnc xmc qkodx qcvjcixl jcbv jkv bll7 “XmcPmoxc vbicy kj Csvkqc bdh Becvoib,― xmc pvoxc,

“mbzc fcikec sych hsvod` xmc icdxsvocy xk vc`bvhod` xmceyclzcy by b ”Mcvvcdzkln$‟ Xmcxpcdxocxm icdxsv, xmc icdxsv kj Bsyimpoxw, mby blyk bimoczch mc jovyx yxb`c od xmc vcik`doxokdkj eslxo%vbiobl qbvxdcvymoq$― -Xmc Odikeqbvbflc ivoec, f Ebdzcll bdh Jvbdno, q$28/

Xmc Vbic Qvkflce Ysqqvcyych

Kdc ikslh yibvicl eoyy xmc kfgcix kj xmoy hobxvofc, poxm oxy odyohoksy modx bfksx “eslxo%vbiobl qbvxdcvymoq$― Xmsy xmc biisybxokd kj xmc Yo} Eollokd oy dkx kdl sych xk sdhcveodc xmcqvodioqlc kj dbxokdmkkh bdh dbxokdbl qvohc, fsx ox xmvcbxcdy xmc ysvzozbl kj xmc Vbic oxyclj$ Ox oypoclhch kzcv xmc mcbhy kj xmc qkqslbic, vbxmcv b xmc xmvcbx kj mclljovc bdh hbedbxokd pby odxmc Eohhlc B`cy$

Ebd iksdxvocy kj xmc Bd`lk%Yb}kd pkvlh, dkxbfl xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy bdh Fvoxbod, bvc xkhbjbiod` xmc `vbzcyx hbd`cv od xmcov moyxkv, xmc hbd`cv qkoych f xmc blocd vbicy od xmcov eohyx$Sdlcyy ykecxmod` oy hkdc od Becvoib xk mblx xmc oeeo`vbxokd bdh byyoeolbxokd kj Bjvoibdy bdhByobdy odxk xmcov iksdxv, pc bvc jbich od xmc dcbv jsxsvc, rsoxc bqbvx jvke xmc flkkhymch kj vbiobl ikdjloix, poxm xmc foklkòibl blxcvbxokd bdh hcyxvsixokd kj xmc Becvoibd qckqlc by xmc

mbzc c}oyxch mcvc yodic pc mbzc fccd b dbxokd$Od ymkvx, pc bvc xmvcbxcdch poxm xmc ovvcikzcvbflc lkyy kj ksv Csvkqcbd islxsvc bdh vbiobl

mcvoxb`c$ Fsx pmbx mbqqcdy oj b ebd hbvcy xk yqcbn kj xmc vbic qvkflce, kj oxy foklkòibl bdhqkloxoibl oeqloibxokdy; Mc oy fvbdhch by xmbx ekyx mcodksy kj ivcbxsvcy, b “vbiobloyx$― Bdh pmbxoy vbiobloye, kj iksvyc, fsx xmc zcv mbllebvn kj xmc Dbwo$ Xmc -Yk czcvkdc oy xklh, bdpb/esvhcvch Yo} Eoyyokd Gcpy fcibsyc kj vbiobloye, yk ox esyx fc b zcv czol xmod` odhcch$ PmcdCdkim Qkpcll hvcp bxxcdxokd xk xmc hbd`cvy qkych f iklkvch oeeo`vbxokd odxk Fvoxbod od kdckj moy cbvl yqccimcy, b icvxbod qvkeodcdx Ykiobloyx vboych xmc yqcixcv kj Hbimbs bdhBsyimpoxw xk yolcdic moy qvcyseqxokd$

Xmsy bd vbxokdbl hoyisyyokd kj xmc qvkflcey kj Vbic bdh xmc cjjkvx xk qvcycvzc vbiobl

odxc`vox oy cjjcixozcl hoyiksvb`ch$ Dk kdc ikslh mbzc bdxmod` fsx bheovbxokd jkv xmc pb odpmoim xmc gcpy mbzc yks`mx xk qvcycvzc xmcov ohcdxox xmvks`m yk ebd icdxsvocy, bdh ikdxodscxk hk yk xkhb$ Od xmoy cjjkvx xmc mbzc jvbdnl fccd byyoyxch f xmc yxkv kj xmc Yo} Eollokd,pmoim, blekyx lonc b vcloòksy exm, mby yxvcyych xmc dcch jkv `vcbxcv Gcpoym vbiobl yklohbvox$Sdjkvxsdbxcl, ox mby pkvnch od rsoxc xmc kqqkyoxc pb jkv bll kxmcv qckqlcy, vcdhcvod` xmceoeqkxcdx od xmc yxvs``lc jkv yclj%qvcycvzbxokd$

Xmc Becvoibd moyxkvobd Mbvv Clecv Fbvdcy kdic pvkxc xmbx

“Bd bxxceqx xk ebnc b ikeqcxcdx, kfgcixozc bdh xvsxmjsl odzcyxo`bxokd kj xmc c}xcveodbxokdrscyxokd$$$oy ysvcl xmc ekyx qvcibvoksy zcdxsvc xmbx bd moyxkvobd kv hcek`vbqmcv ikslhsdhcvxbnc xkhb$―



Qb`c | 2:

Od bxxceqxod` xmoy qvcibvoksy xbyn, ox oy mkqch xk ebnc ykec ikdxvofsxokd, dkx kdl xkmoyxkvoibl xvsxm, fsx xkpbvhy lojxod` xmc fsvhcd kj b Loc jvke ksv kpd ymkslhcvy, yk xmbx pceb jvccl ikdjvkdx xmc hbd`cvy pmoim xmvcbxcd sy bll$

@cvebd Qkloi Xkpbvhy Xmc Gcpy Qvokv Xk Xmc Pbv

Vo`mxl kv pvkd`l, xmc @cvebd kj Bhklj Moxlcv ikdyohcvch xmc Gcpy xk fc b hoylkbl bdhbzbvoioksy clcecdx poxmod xmc dbxokdbl ikeesdox, by pcll by b jkvic kj hcibhcdic od@cvebd‟y islxsvbl lojc$ Xmoy pby mclh xk fc qbvxoislbvl sdmcblxm yodic, hsvod` xmc Pcoebvqcvokh, xmc Gcpy mbh voycd xk b qkyoxokd kj vcebvnbflc yxvcd`xm bdh odjlscdic od xmc dbxokd,qbvxoislbvl od lbp, jodbdic bdh xmc ebyy echob, czcd xmks`m xmc ikdyxoxsxch kdl kdcqcvicdx kj xmc qkqslbxokd$

Xmc jbix xmbx Nbvl Ebv} pby b Gcp bdh xmbx Gcpy ysim by Vkyb Ls}cefksv` bdh NbvlLocfndcimx pcvc hoyqvkqkvxokdbxcl qvkeodcdx od xmc lcbhcvymoq kj vczklsxokdbv ekzcecdxyod @cvebd, blyk xcdhch xk ikdzodic xmc Dbwoy kj xmc qkpcvjsl odxcvdbxokdbloyx bdhIkeesdoyx xcdhcdiocy kj xmc Gcpoym qckqlc xmceyclzcy$

Ox oy dk qbvx kj xmc hoyisyyokd mcvc xk bv`sc pmcxmcv xmc @cvebd bxxoxshc xk xmc Gcpy pbyvo`mx kv dkx, kv xk gsh`c pmcxmcv oxy lcòylbxozc ecbysvcy b`bodyx xmce pcvc gsyx kv sdgsyx$ Ksvikdicvd oy yoeql poxm xmc jbix xmbx, fcloczod` kj xmc Gcpy by xmc hoh, xmc Dbwoy‟ yklsxokd xkxmc qvkflce pby xk hcqvozc xmce kj xmcov odjlscdic poxmod xmc dbxokd f zbvoksy lcòylbxozcbixy, bdh ekyx oeqkvxbdx kj bll, xk cdiksvb`c xmcov ceo`vbxokd jvke xmc iksdxv blxk`cxmcv$ F2?9?, xmc `vcbx ebgkvox kj @cvebd Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch, bll kj xmce poxm b yowcbflc qvkqkvxokdkj xmcov byycxy$ Dczcv bx bd xoec mbh xmc Dbwo lcbhcvymoq czcd ikdxceqlbxch b qkloi kj `cdkiohc xkpbvhy xmce$

Gcpy Ibllch Ceo`vbxokd “C}xcveodbxokd―

Ox oy zcv yo`dojoibdx, mkpczcv, xmbx icvxbod Gcpy pcvc rsoin xk odxcvqvcx xmcyc qkloiocy kj odxcvdbl hoyivoeodbxokd by crsozblcdx xk c}xcveodbxokd oxyclj$ B 2?9: bdxo%@cvebd qvkqb`bdhbfkkn f Lckd Jcsimxpbd`cv bdh kxmcvy cdxoxlch “Hcv @clfc Jlcin7 Hoc Bsyvkxsd` zkd311,111 hcsxyimcd Gshcd,― -Xmc _cllkp Yqkx7 Xmc C}xcveodbxokd kj 311,111 @cvebd Gcpy,Qbvoy, 2?9:/ qvcycdxy b xqoibl c}beqlc$ Hcyqoxc oxy fbyclcyydcyy od jbix, xmc bddomolbxokd kj xmc Gcpy oy hoyisyych jvke xmc jovyx qb`cy> yxvbo`mxjkvpbvh ceo`vbxokd fcod` vc`bvhch by xmcqmyoibl “c}xcveodbxokd― kj @cvebd Gcpv$

Xmc Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy jkv qkloxoibl qvoykdcvy bvc blyk yccd by qkxcdxobl odyxvsecdxykj `cdkiohc, bdh yqciobl vcjcvcdic oy ebhc xk xmc 211 Gcpy yxoll hcxbodch od Hbimbs od 2?9:, kj pmke :1 bh fccd xmcvc yodic 2?99$ B jsvxmcv c}beqlc pby xmc fkkn f xmc @cvebd%GcpoymIkeesdoyx, Mbdy Fcoelcv, ibllch

“Jksv Pccny od xmc Mbdhy kj Moxlcv‟y Mcll%Mksdhy7 Xmc Dbwo Esvhcv Ibeq kj Hbimbs,―PMOIM PBY QSFLOYMCH OD DCP _KVN BY CBVL_ BY 2?99$ Hcxbodch jkv moyEbv}oyx bjjolobxokdy, mc ilboech xmbx Hbimbs pby b hcbxm ibeq, xmks`m f moy kpd bheoyyokdmc pby vclcbych bjxcv kdl b ekdxm xmcvc$ Xmc Cbyx @cvebd Vcòec oyysch b Mbdy FcoelcvBpbvh jkv ycvzoicy xk Ikeesdoye$



Qb`c | 20

Xmc jbix xmbx bdxo%Dbwo `cdkiohc qvkqb`bdhb pby fcod` hoyyceodbxch bx xmoy oeqkyyoflcbvl hbxc, xmcvcjkvc, f qckqlc fobych kd vbiobl kv qkloxoibl `vksdhy, ymkslh ys``cyx c}xvcecibsxokd xk xmc odhcqcdhcdx%eodhch kfycvzcv pmcd bqqvkbimod` yoeolbv yxkvocy kj xmc pbvqcvokh$

Xmc cdiksvb`cecdx kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd ymkslh dkx fc ikdjsych poxm xmc qsvqkyc kj

ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od qvc%pbv @cvebd$ Xmcyc pcvc sych jkv xmc hcxcdxokd kj qkloxoiblkqqkdcdxy bdh ysfzcvyozcy> qvodioqbll lofcvbly, Ykiobl Hcekivbxy bdh Ikeesdoyxy kj bllnodhy, kj pmke b ms`c qvkqkvxokd pcvc Gcpy ysim by Mbdy Fcoelcv$

Sdlonc xmc eollokdy cdylbzch od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmc @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqqkqslbxokd pby blpby yebll> Vcohod`cv bheoxy xmbx fcxpccd 2?98 bdh 2?9= ox yclhkec}icchch, 61,111 xmvks`mksx xmc pmklc kj @cvebd, bdh xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy pby dczcv ekvcxmbd 9,111$ -Xmc Y$Y$ Blofo kj b Dbxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?3:, q$ 639/

Wokdoyx Qkloi Yxshoch

Xmc Dbwo zocp kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd pby dkx loeoxch xk b dc`bxozc qkloi kj yoeqlcc}qslyokd, fsx pby jkveslbxch blkd` xmc lodcy kj ekhcvd Wokdoye$ Xmc jksdhcv kj qkloxoiblWokdoye od xmc 2?xm icdxsv, Xmckhkvc Mcvwl, od moy pkvn “Xmc Gcpoym Yxbxc,― mbh kvoòdbllikdicozch kj Ebhb`byibv by b dbxokdbl mkeclbdh jkv xmc Gcpy, bdh xmoy qkyyofolox pbyycvoksyl yxshoch f xmc Dbwoy$ Ox mbh fccd xmc qbvx qlbxjkve fcjkvc 2?99 bdh pby qsfloymchf xmc qbvx od qbeqmlcx jkve$ Xmoy yxbxch xmbx xmc vczozbl kj Oyvbcl by b Gcpoym yxbxc pby esimlcyy biicqxbflc yodic ox pkslh vcyslx od qcvqcxsbl pbv bdh hoyvsqxokd od xmc Bvbf pkvlh, pmoimmby odhcch fccd xmc ibyc$

Xmc @cvebdy pcvc dkx kvoòdbl od qvkqkyod` Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Ebhb`byibv> xmc Qkloym@kzcvdecdx mbh blvcbh ikdyohcvch xmc yimcec od vcyqcix kj xmcov kpd Gcpoym qkqslbxokd,bdh od 2?90 xmc ycdx xmc Eoimbcl Lcqcino c}qchoxokd xk Ebhb`byibv, biikeqbdoch f Gcpoymvcqvcycdxbxozcy, xk odzcyxo`bxc xmc qvkflcey odzklzch$

Xmc jovyx Dbwo qvkqkybly jkv b Ebhb`byibv yklsxokd pcvc ebhc od byykiobxokd poxm xmcYimbimx Qlbd kj 2?9=$ Kd xmc bhzoic kj @kcvod`, Moxlcv b`vcch xk ycdh xmc Qvcyohcdx kj xmcVcoimyfbdn, Hv$ Mgblebv Yimbimx, xk Lkdhkd jkv hoyisyyokdy poxm Gcpoym vcqvcycdxbxozcy LkvhFcbvyxch bdh Ev$ Vsflcc kj Dcp _kvn$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?39, q$ 61/

Xmc qlbd pby xmbx @cvebd Gcpoym byycxy pkslh fc jvkwcd by ycisvox jkv bd odxcvdbxokdbllkbd xk jodbdic Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd od Qblcyxodc, bdh Yimbimx vcqkvxch kd xmcyc dc`kxobxokdy xk

Moxlcv bx Fcvimvcy`bhcd kd Gbdsbv 6, 2?9?$ Xmc qlbd, pmoim jbolch hsc xk Fvoxoym vcjsybl xkbiicqx xmc jodbdiobl xcvey, pby jovyx qsx jkvpbvh kd Dkzcefcv 26, 2?9= bx b ikdjcvcdicikdzcdch f @kcvod`, pmk vczcblch xmbx Moxlcv pby blvcbh ikdyohcvod` xmc ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy xk b ycxxlcecdx od Ebhb`byibv$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?39, q$61/

Lbxcv, od Hcicefcv, Voffcdxvkq pby xklh f E$ @ckv`cy Fkddcx, xmc Jvcdim Jkvco`dYcivcxbv, xmbx xmc Jvcdim @kzcvdecdx oxyclj pby qlbddod` xmc czbisbxokd kj 21,111 Gcpy xkEbhb`byibv$

Qvokv xk xmc Yimbimx Qblcyxodc qvkqkybly kj 2?9=, pmoim pcvc cyycdxobll b qvkxvbixokd kj hoyisyyokdy xmbx mbh fc`sd by cbvl by 2?93, dsecvksy bxxceqxy mbh fccd ebhc xk ycisvcGcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk kxmcv Csvkqcbd dbxokdy, bdh xmcyc cjjkvxy isleodbxch od xmc Czobd

Ikdjcvcdic kj Gsl, 2?9=$



Qb`c | 2=

Mkpczcv, f 2?9? xmc yimcec kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Ebhb`byibv mbh `bodch xmc ekyxjbzkv od @cvebd iovilcy$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx od Lkdhkd Mclesxm Pkmoxbx kj xmc @cvebd Jkvco`dKjjoic hoyisyych loeoxch Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Vmkhcyob bdh Fvoxoym @sobdb by lbxc by Bqvol2?9?> fsx f Gbdsbv 68xm, pmcd @kcvod` pvkxc xk Odxcvokv Eodoyxcv Jvoin kvhcvod` xmc ivcbxokdkj b Icdxvbl Ceo`vbxokd Kjjoic jkv Gcpy, bdh ikeeoyyokdch Mchvoim kj xmc Vcoim Ycisvox

Mcbh Kjjoic xk yklzc xmc Gcpoym qvkflce “f ecbdy kj ceo`vbxokd bdh czbisbxokd,― xmcEbhb`byibv Qlbd pby fcod` yxshoch od cbvdcyx$

F 2?9?, xmc ikdyoyxcdx cjjkvx kj xmc @cvebd @kzcvdecdx xk ycisvc xmc hcqbvxsvc kj Gcpyjvke xmc Vcoim mbh vcyslxch od xmc ceo`vbxokd kj 811,111 @cvebd Gcpy jvke b xkxblqkqslbxokd kj bfksx :11,111 bdh bd bhhoxokdbl 8=1,111 ceo`vbdxy jvke Bsyxvob bdhIwcimkylkzbnob, pmoim ikdyxoxsxch blekyx xmcov cdxovc Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy$ Xmoy pbybiikeqloymch xmvks`m Kjjoicy kj Gcpoym Ceo`vbxokd od Fcvlod, Zocddb bdh Qvb`sc cyxbfloymchf Bhklj Coimebdd, xmc mcbh kj xmc Gcpoym Odzcyxo`bxokd Kjjoic kj xmc @cyxbqk$ Yk cb`cv pcvcxmc @cvebd xk ycisvc xmoy ceo`vbxokd xmbx Coimebdd czcd cyxbfloymch b xvbodod` icdxcv odBsyxvob, pmcvc ksd` Gcpy ikslh lcbvd jbveod` od bdxoioqbxokd kj fcod` yes``lch ollc`bll xk

Qblcyxodc$ -Ebdzcll * Jvbdnl, Y$Y$ bdh @cyxbqk, q$ :1/Mbh Moxlcv imcvoymch bd odxcdxokd kj c}xcveodbxod` xmc Gcpy, ox oy odikdicozbflc xmbx mc

pkslh mbzc bllkpch ekvc xmbd =11,111 xk lcbzc Vcoim xcvvoxkv poxm xmc fsln kj xmcov pcblxm,esim lcyy ikdyohcvch qlbdy jkv xmcov ebyy ceo`vbxokd xk Qblcyxodc kv Ebhb`byibv$ Pmbx oyekvc, pc ymbll ycc xmbx xmc qkloi kj ceo`vbxokd jvke Csvkqc pby yxoll sdhcv ikdyohcvbxokdpcll odxk xmc pbv qcvokh, dkxbfl xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd, pmoim Coimebdd hoyisyych od 2?81poxm Jvcdim Iklkdobl Kjjoic c}qcvxy bjxcv xmc hcjcbx kj Jvbdic mbh ebhc xmc ysvvcdhcv kj xmciklkd b qvbixoibl qvkqkyoxokd$

@cvebd Qkloi Xkpbvhy Xmc Gcpy Bjxcv xmc Ksxfvcbn kjj Pbv

Poxm xmc ikeod` kj xmc pbv, xmc yoxsbxokd vc`bvhod` xmc Gcpy blxcvch hvbyxoibll$ Ox oy dkxpohcl ndkpd xmbx pkvlh Gcpv hcilbvch oxyclj xk fc b fcllo`cvcdx qbvx od xmc Ycikdh PkvlhPbv, bdh xmcvc pby xmcvcjkvc beqlc fbyoy sdhcv odxcvdbxokdbl lbp jkv xmc @cvebdy xk odxcvdxmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokd by b mkyxolc jkvic$

Kd Ycqxcefcv , 2?9? Imboe Pcowebdd, xmc qvodioqlc Wokdoyx lcbhcv, mbh hcilbvch pbvb`bodyx @cvebd kd fcmblj kj xmc pkvlh‟y Gcpy, yxbxod` xmbx

“xmc Gcpy yxbdh f @vcbx Fvoxbod bdh poll jo`mx kd xmc yohc kj xmc hcekivbiocy$$$Xmc GcpoymB`cdi oy vcbh xk cdxcv odxk oeechobxc bvvbd`cecdxy jkv sxolowod` Gcpoym ebdqkpcv,xcimdoibl bfolox, vcyksvicy cxi$$$― -Gcpoym Imvkdoilc, Ycqxcefcv =, 2?9?/

Xmoy pby kdl b vcoxcvbxod` kj b yxbxc kj pbv pmoim blvcbh c}oyxch fcxpccd @cvebd bdhxmc Gcpy$ Jkv xmc pbv fcxpccd xmc xpk pby jovyx bddksdich &Gshcb hcilbvcy Pbv kd@cvebd$& -Hbol C}qvcyy, Ebvim 68, 2?98/

Hcxcdxokd Yxoll Jbzkvch

Ox oy b vcebvnbflc jbix, mkpczcv, xmbx pcll odxk xmc pbv, xmc @cvebdy ikdxodsch koeqlcecdx xmc qkloi kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd$ Xmc jbll kj Jvbdic od 2?81 cdbflch xmc @cvebd@kzcvdecdx xk kqcd ycvoksy dc`kxobxokdy poxm xmc Jvcdim jkv xmc xvbdyjcv kj Csvkqcbd Gcpy xkEbhb`byibv$



Qb`c | 2?

B ecekvbdhse kj Bs`syx, 2?86 jvke Lsxmcv, Ycivcxbv kj Yxbxc od xmc @cvebd Jkvco`dKjjoic, vczcbly xmbx mc mbh ikdhsixch xmcyc dc`kxobxokdy fcxpccd Gsl bdh Hcicefcv 2?81,pmcd xmc pcvc xcveodbxch f xmc Jvcdim$ B iovislbv jvke Lsxmcv‟y hcqbvxecdx hbxch Bs`syx23xm, 2?81 ymkpy xmbx xmc hcxboly kj xmc @cvebd qlbd mbh fccd pkvnch ksx f Coimebdd, jkv oxoy yo`dch f moy byyoyxbdx, Hbdcincv$ Coimebdd mbh od jbix fccd ikeeoyyokdch od Bs`syx xk

hvbp sq b hcxbolch Ebhb`byibv Qlbd, bdh Hbdcincv pby ceqlkch od vcycbvim kd Ebhb`byibvbx xmc Jvcdim Iklkdobl Kjjoic$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, q$ 00/ Xmc qvkqkybly kj Bs`syx23xm pcvc xmbx bd odxcv%Csvkqcbd fbdn pby xk jodbdic xmc ceo`vbxokd kj jksv eollokd Gcpyxmvks`mksx b qmbych qvk`vbe$

Lsxmcv‟y 2?86 ecekvbdhse ymkpy xmbx Mchvoim mbh kfxbodch Moeelcv‟y bqqvkzbl kj xmoyqlbd fcjkvc xmc cdh kj Bs`syx bdh mbh blyk ysfeoxxch ox xk @kcvod`$ Ox icvxbodl ecx poxmMoxlcv‟y bqqvkzbl, jkv by cbvl by Gsdc 20xm moy odxcvqvcxcv, Yimeohx, vciblly Moxlcv kfycvzod` xkEsyyklodo xmbx

“Kdc ikslh jksdh b Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl od Ebhb`byibv$― -Yimeohx, Moxlcv‟y Odxcvqvcxcv, Lkdhkd,2?32, q$ 20=/

Blxmks`m xmc Jvcdim xcveodbxch xmc Ebhb`byibv dc`kxobxokdy od Hcicefcv, 2?81,Qklobnkz, xmc hovcixkv kj xmc Icdxcv kj Gcpoym Hkisecdxbxokd od Qbvoy, bheoxy xmbx xmc@cvebdy dczcvxmclcyy qsvysch xmc yimcec, bdh xmbx Coimebdd pby yxoll fsy poxm oxxmvks`mksx 2?82$

Czcdxsbll, mkpczcv, ox pby vcdhcvch oeqvbixoibl f xmc qvk`vcyy kj xmc pbv, od qbvxoislbvf xmc yoxsbxokd bjxcv xmc odzbyokd kj Vsyyob, bdh kd Jcfvsbv 21 xm, 2?86, xmc Jkvco`d Kjjoicpby odjkvech xmbx xmc qlbd mbh fccd xceqkvbvol ymclzch$ Xmoy vslod`, ycdx xk xmc Jkvco`dKjjoic f Lsxmcv‟y byyoyxbdx, Vbhcebimcv, oy kj `vcbx oeqkvxbdic, fcibsyc ox hcekdyxvbxcyikdilsyozcl xmbx xmc xcve―Jodbl Yklsxokd― ecbdx kdl xmc ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy, bdh blyk xmbxxvbdyqkvxbxokd xk xmc cbyxcvd `mcxxky bdh ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy ysim by Bsyimpoxw ikdyxoxsxch

dkxmod` fsx bd blxcvbxozc qlbd kj czbisbxokd$

Xmc hovcixozc vcbhy7

“Xmc pbv poxm xmc Ykzocx Sdokd mby od xmc ecbdxoec ivcbxch xmc qkyyofolox kj hoyqkyod` kj kxmcv xcvvoxkvocy jkv xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd$ Od ikdycrscdic xmc Jsmvcv mby hciohch xmbx xmc Gcpyymkslh fc czbisbxch dkx xk Ebhb`byibv fsx xk xmc Cbyx$ Ebhb`byibv dcch dk lkd`cv, xmcvcjkvc,fc ikdyohcvch od ikddcixokd poxm xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd$― -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, q$ 0?/

Xmc hcxboly kj xmoy czbisbxokd mbh fccd hoyisyych b ekdxm cbvlocv bx xmc PbddyccIkdjcvcdic od Fcvlod, pmoim ecekvbdhse pmoim pc ymbll c}beodc fclkp$

Vcoxolod`cv bdh Qkobnkz fkxm ebnc xmc cdxovcl sdjksdhch ysqqkyoxokd xmbx fcibsyc xmc

Ebhb`byibv Qlbd mbh fccd ymclzch, xmc @cvebdy esyx dcicyybvol mbzc fccd xmodnod` kj “c}xcveodbxokd$―

Kdl b ekdxm lbxcv, mkpczcv, kd Ebvim 0xm, 2?86, @kcffcly pvkxc b ecekvbdhse od jbzkvkj xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd by b “jodbl yklsxokd― kj xmc Gcpoym rscyxokd$ -Ebdzcll * Jvbdnl, Hv$@kcfcy, Lkdhkd, 2?:1, q$ 2:3/

Od xmc ecbdxoec mc bqqvkzch kj xmc Gcpy fcod` “ikdicdxvbxch od xmc Cbyx$― Lbxcv @kcffclyecekvbdhb blyk yxvcyy hcqkvxbxokd xk xmc Cbyx -o$c$, xmc @kzcvdecdx%@cdcvbl kj Qklbdh/bdhlb ceqmbyoy kd xmc dcch jkv ikeqslykv lbfkv xmcvc> kdic xmc qkloi kj czbisbxokd xk xmc Cbyxmbh fccd odbs`svbxch> xmc syc kj Gcpoym lbfkv fcibec b jsdhbecdxbl qbvx kj xmc kqcvbxokd$



Qb`c | 61

Ox oy qcvjcixl ilcbv jvke xmc jkvc`kod` xmbx xmc xcve “Jodbl Yklsxokd― pby bqqloch fkxm xkEbhb`byibv bdh xk xmc Cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy, bdh xmbx xmcvcjkvc ox ecbdx kdl xmcHCQKVXBXOKD KJ XMC GCPY

Czbd by lbxc by Eb 2?88, xmc @cvebdy pcvc qvcqbvch xk bllkp xmc ceo`vbxokd kj kdceollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy jkve Csvkqc$ Bd biiksdx kj xmoy qvkqkybl oy òzcd f Blc}bdhcv

Pcoyyfcv`, b qvkeodcdx Ykzocx Gcpoym yiocdxoyx hcqkvxch hsvod` xmc Yxblod qsv`cy, od moy fkkn Hoc @cyimoimc zkd Gkcl Fvbdh -Iklk`dc,2?3:/$ Pcoyyfcv`, pmk yqcdx xmc pbv od Ivbikpxmks`m mc c}qcixch xmc @cvebdy xk odxcvd moe od b ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq, c}qlbody xmbx kd xmcqcvykdbl bsxmkvowbxokd kj Moeelcv, Coimebdd mbh ycdx xmc Fshbqcyx Gcpoym lcbhcv Gkcl Fvbdhxk Oyxbdfsl poxm bd kjjcv xk xmc Bllocy xk qcveox xmc xvbdyjcv kj kdc eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy odxmc eohyx kj xmc pbv$ -Oj xmc “c}xcveodbxokd―pvoxcvy bvc xk fc fcloczch, xmcvc pcvc yibvicl kdceollokd Gcpy lcjx f Eb, 2?88/$

Xmc @cyxbqk bheoxxch xmbx xmc xvbdyqkvxbxokd odzklzch pkslh `vcbxl odikdzcdocdic xmc@cvebd pbv%cjjkvx, fsx pcvc qvcqbvch xk bllkp ox od c}imbd`c jkv 21,111 xvsiny xk fc sychc}ilsyozcl kd xmc Vsyyobd jvkdx$ Sdjkvxsdbxcl, xmc qlbd ibec xk dkxmod`> xmc Fvoxoym

ikdilshch xmbx Fvbdh esyx fc b hbd`cvksy Dbwo b`cdx bdh oeechobxcl oeqvoykdch moe odIbovk, pmolc xmc qvcyy hcdksdich xmc kjjcv by b Dbwo xvoin$

Podyxkd Imsvimoll, xmks`m kvbxod` xk xmc cjjcix xmbx xmc xvcbxecdx kj xmc Msd`bvobd Gcpypby qvkfbfl “xmc fo``cyx bdh ekyx mkvvoflc ivoec czcv ikeeoxxch od xmc pmklc moyxkv kj xmcpkvlh,― dczcvxmclcyy xklh Imboe Pcowebdd xmbx biicqxbdic kj xmc Fvbdh kjjcv pbyoeqkyyoflc, yodic ox pkslh fc b fcxvbbl kj moy Vsyyobd bllocy$ Blxmks`m xmc qlbd pby jvsoxlcyy,ox pcll ollsyxvbxcy xmbx dk kdc bllc`chl ibvvod` ksx “xmkvks`m― c}xcveodbxokd pkslh qcveoxxmc ceo`vbxokd kj b eollokd Gcpy, bdh ox hcekdyxvbxcy, xkk, xmc qvoec oeqkvxbdic qlbich f xmc@cvebdy kd xmc pbv%cjjkvx$

Qkqslbxokd Bdh Ceo`vbxokd

Yxbxoyxoiy vclbxod` xk Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy bvc dkx czcvpmcvc ndkpd od qvcioyc hcxbol,bqqvk}oebxokdy jkv zbvoksy iksdxvocy hojjcvod` pohcl, bdh ox blyk sdndkpd c}bixl mkp ebdGcpy pcvc hcqkvxch bdh odxcvdch b bd kdc xoec fcxpccd xmc cbvy 2?9?%2?83$ Od `cdcvbl,mkpczcv, pmbx vclobflc yxbxoyxoiy xmcvc bvc, cyqciobll xmkyc vclbxod` xk ceo`vbxokd, bvcysjjoiocdx xk ymkp xmbx dkx b jvbixokd kj yo} eollokd Gcpy ikslh mbzc fccd c}xcveodbxch$

Od xmc jovyx qlbic, xmoy ilboe ibddkx vcekxcl fc sqmclh kd c}beodbxokd kj xmc CsvkqcbdGcpoym qkqslbxokd jo`svcy$ Biikvhod` xk “Imbecvy Cdiilkqchob― xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpylozod` od qvc%pbv Csvkqc pby, :,311,111$ Rsoxc ilcbvl, xmoy pkslh ecbd xmbx blekyx xmc cdxovc

dsefcv pcvc c}xcveodbxch$ Fsx xmc “Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd,― b dcsxvbl Ypoyy qsfloibxokdceqlkod` bzbolbflc Gcpoym yxbxoyxoibl hbxb, cyxbfloymcy xmbx fcxpccd 2?99 bdh 2?83,2,311,111 Gcpy ceo`vbxch xk Fvoxbod, Ypchcd, Yqbod, Qkvxs`bl, Bsyxvblob, Imodb, Odhob,Qblcyxodc bdh xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy$ Xmoy oy ikdjovech f xmc Gcpoym gksvdbloyx Fvsdk Flbs, pmkioxcy xmc ybec jo`svc od xmc Dcp _kvn Gcpoym qbqcv “Bsjfbs,― Bs`syx 29xm, 2?8=$ Kj xmcycceo`vbdxy, bqqvk}oebxcl 811,111 ibec jvke @cvebd fcjkvc Ycqxcefcv 2?9?$ Xmoy oybindkplch`ch f xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy od oxy qsfloibxokd “Sdox od Hoyqcvyokd,― q$ 900,pmoim yxbxcy xmbx7

“Xmc ebgkvox kj xmc @cvebd Gcpy ysiicchch od lcbzod` @cvebd FCJKVC XMC PBVFVKNC KSX$―

Od bhhoxokd xk xmc @cvebd Gcpy, 661,111 kj xmc xkxbl 6=1,111 Bsyxvobd Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxchf Ycqxcefcv, 2?9?, pmolc jvke Ebvim 2?9? kdpbvhy xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd od



Qb`c | 62

Qvb`sc mbh ycisvch xmc ceo`vbxokd kj 6:1,111 Gcpy jvke jkvecv Iwcimkylkzbnob$ Od bll, kdl9:1,111 Gcpy vcebodch od @cvebd, Bsyxvob bdh Iwcimkylkzbnob bjxcv Ycqxcefcv 2?9?$

Jvke Qklbdh, bd cyxoebxch 311,111 mbh ceo`vbxch qvokv xk xmc ksxfvcbn kj pbv$ Xmcycjo`svcy ecbd xmbx xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym ceo`vbdxy jvke kxmcv Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy -Jvbdic, xmcDcxmcvlbdhy, Oxbl, xmc iksdxvocy kj Cbyxcvd Csvkqc cxi$/ pby bqqvk}oebxcl 261,111$

Xmoy c}khsy kj Gcpy fcjkvc bdh hsvod` mkyxoloxocy, xmcvcjkvc, vchsicy xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy odCsvkqc xk bqqvk}oebxcl 3 eollokd$ Od bhhoxokd xk xmkyc ceo`vbdxy, pc esyx blyk odilshc xmcdsefcv kj Gcpy pmk jlch xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bjxcv 2?9?, bdh pmk pcvc lbxcv czbisbxchfckdh vcbim kj xmc @cvebd odzbhcvy$

Ox poll fc ymkpd fclkp xmbx xmc ebgkvox kj xmcyc, bfksx 2,631,111 pcvc eo`vbdxy jvkeQklbdh$ Fsx bqbvx jvke Qklbdh, Vcoxolod`cv bheoxy xmbx 911,111 kxmcv Csvkqcbd Gcpy yloqqchodxk Ykzocx xcvvoxkv fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?82$ Xmoy fvod`y xmc xkxbl kj Gcpoym ceo`vbdxy xk xmcYkzocx Sdokd xk bfksx 2,331,111$ Od “Ikllocvy Eb`bwodc,― Gsdc ? xm, 2?83, Jvcolod` Jkyxcv,pvoxod` kj xmc Gcpy od Vsyyob, c}qlbodch xmbx “6,611,111 mbzc eo`vbxch xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokdyodic 2?9? xk cyibqc jvke xmc Dbwoy,― fsx ksv lkpcv cyxoebxc oy qvkfbfl ekvc biisvbxc$

Gcpoym eo`vbxokd xkx mc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmcvcjkvc, vchsicy xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy poxmod xmcyqmcvc kj @cvebd kiisqbxokd xk bvksdh 92+6 eollokd, bqqvk}oebxcl 9,831,111$ Jvke xmcycymkslh fc hchsixch xmkyc Gcpy lozod` od dcsxvbl Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy pmk cyibqch xmcikdycrscdicy kj xmc pbv$ Biikvhod` xk xmc 2?86 “Pkvlh Blebdbi― q$ 3?8 xmc dsefcv kj Gcpylozod` od @ofvblxbv, Fvoxbod, Qkvxs`bl, Yqbod, Ypchcd, Ypoxwcvlbdh, Ovclbdh bdh Xsvnc pby829,26=$

Xmvcc Eollokd Gcpy od Csvkqc

B jo`svc, ikdycrscdxl, kj bfksx b eollokd Gcpy od @cvebd%kiisqoch Csvkqc oy bd biisvbxcby xmc bzbolbflc ceo`vbxokd yxbxoyxoiy poll bllkp$ Bqqvk}oebxcl xmc ybec dsefcv, mkpczcv,ibd fc hchsich od bdkxmcv pb oj pc c}beodc yxbxoyxoiy jkv xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy vcebododòd iksdxvocy kiisqoch f xmc Vcoim$ Ekvc xmbd mblj kj xmkyc Gcpy pmk eo`vbxch xk xmc YkzocxSdokd bjxcv 2?9? ibec jvke Qklbdh$

Ox oy jvcrscdxl ilboech xmbx xmc pbv poxm Qklbdh bhhch ykec 9 eollokd Gcpy xk xmc @cvebdyqmcvc kj odjlscdic bdh xmbx blekyx xmc pmklc kj xmoy Qkloym Gcpoym qkqslbxokd pby“c}xcveodbxch$―

Xmoy oy b ebgkv jbixsbl cvvkv$ Xmc 2?92 Gcpoym qkqslbxokd icdysy jkv Qklbdh qsx xmc dsefcvkj Gcpy bx 6,096,:11$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Hoc Cdhxkysd`, q$ 9:/ Vcoxolod`cv yxbxcy xmbx bx lcbyx2,201,111 kj xmcyc pcvc od xmc Vsyyobd wkdc kiisqoch od xmc bsxsed kj 2?8?, bfksx b eollokdkj pmke pcvc czbisbxch xk xmc Svbly bdh yksxm Yofcvob bjxcv xmc @cvebd odzbyokd kj Gsdc2?82$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Hoc Cdhxkysd`, q$ 31/

By hcyivofch bfkzc, bd cyxoebxch 311,111 Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch jvke Qklbdh qvokv xk xmcpbv$ Ekvckzcv, xmc gksvdbloyx Vbekdh Bvxmsv Hbzoy, pmk yqcdx xmc pbv od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd,kfycvzch xmbx bqqvk}oebxcl 631,111 mbh blvcbh jlch jvke @cvebd%kiisqoch Qklbdh xkVsyyob fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?82 bdh pcvc xk fc cdiksdxcvch od czcv Ykzocx qvkzodic$-Khyyc xmvks`m Mcll, D$_$ 2?8:/ Ysfxvbixod` xmcyc jo`svcy jvke xmc qkqslbxokd kj 6,096,:11, xmcvcjkvc, bdh bllkpod` jkv xmc dkvebl qkqslbxokd odivcbyc dk ekvc xmbd 2,211,111Qkloym Gcpy ikslh mbzc fccd sdhcv @cvebd vslc bx xmc cdh kj 2?9?$ -@sxbimcdhcy Odyxoxsxy jsvWcox`cymoimoc Esdoim,2?3:, q$ 31/





Qb`c | 69

Jkv yo} hby od Kixkfcv 2???, bd Bsyxvblobd xcbe mcbhch f Voimbvh Nvc`c, b rsblojochclcixvkdoiy cdòdccv, ibvvoch ksx bd c}beodbxokd kj xmc ykol bx xmc yoxc kj xmc jkvecv XvcflodnbOO ibeq od Qklbdh, pmcvc, Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy yb, ekvc xmbd mblj b eollokd Gcpy pcvc qsx xkhcbxm od `by imbefcvy bdh xmcd fsvoch od ebyy `vbzcy$

Biikvhod` xk xmc Cdiilkqchob kj xmc Mklkibsyx -2??0/, jkv c}beqlc, &b xkxbl kj =01,111

qckqlc& pcvc nollch bdh fsvoch bx Xvcflodnb fcxpccd Gsl 2?86 bdh Bqvol 2?89$ Xmcd,fcxpccd Bqvol bdh Gsl 2?89, xmc msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj ikvqycy pcvc bllc`chl hs` sq bdhfsvdch od fbximcy kj 6,111 kv 6,311 kd lbv`c `vohy ebhc kj vbolpb xocy$

Nvc`c'y xcbe sych bd (=1,111 @vksdh Qcdcxvbxokd Vbhbv -@QV/ hczoic, pmoim ycdhy ksxzcvxoibl vbhbv yo`dbly xmbx bvc zoyoflc kd b ikeqsxcv ekdoxkv$ @QV hcxcixy bd lbv`c%yiblchoyxsvfbdicy od xmc ykol yxvsixsvc xk b dkvebl cjjcixozc hcqxm kj jksv kv jozc ecxcvy, bdhykecxoecy sq xk xcd ecxcvy$ -@QV hczoicy bvc vksxodcl sych bvksdh xmc pkvlh f `cklkòyxy,bvimcklkòyxy, bdh qkloic$/ Od oxy Xvcflodnb odzcyxo`bxokd, Nvc`c'y xcbe blyk ibvvoch ksx zoysblykol odyqcixokdy, bdh sych bd bs`cv xk xbnc dsecvksy ykol ikvc ybeqlcy$

Xmc xcbe ibvcjsll c}beodch xmc cdxovc Xvcflodnb OO yoxc, cyqciobll xmc bllc`ch &ebyy`vbzcy& qkvxokd, bdh ibvvoch ksx ikdxvkl c}beodbxokdy kj xmc ysvvksdhod` bvcb$ Xmc jksdh dkykol hoyxsvfbdic ikdyoyxcdx poxm xmc fsvobl kj msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj fkhocy, kv czcdczohcdic xmbx xmc `vksdh mbh czcv fccd hoyxsvfch$

Od bhhoxokd, Nvc`c bdh moy xcbe jksdh dk czohcdic kj odhozohsbl `vbzcy, fkdc vcebody,msebd bymcy, kv pkkh bymcy$

&Jvke xmcyc yibdy pc ikslh ilcbvl ohcdxoj xmc lbv`cl sdhoyxsvfch mkvowkdxbl yxvbxo`vbqmoilbcvod`, fcxxcv ndkpd by mkvowkdy, kj xmc ykol sdhcv xmc ibeq yoxc,&

yby xmc 91%cbv klh Nvc`c, pmk lozcy od Ibdfcvvb$

&Pc ndkp jvke yibdy kj `vbzc yoxcy, bdh kxmcv yoxcy poxm ndkpd ykol hoyxsvfbdicy, ysim byrsbvvocy, pmcd xmoy dbxsvbl lbcvod` oy ebyyozcl hoyvsqxch kv eoyyod` blxk`cxmcv$&

Fcibsyc dkvebl `cklkòibl qvkicyycy bvc zcv ylkp bixod`, hoyvsqxokd kj xmc ykol yxvsixsvcpkslh mbzc fccd hcxcixbflc czcd bjxcv :1 cbvy, Nvc`c dkxch$ Pmolc moy odoxobl odzcyxo`bxokdys``cyxy xmbx xmcvc pcvc dczcv bd ebyy `vbzcy bx xmc Xvcflodnb ibeq yoxc, Nvc`c fcloczcy xmbxjsvxmcv pkvn oy yxoll ibllch jkv$

&Moyxkvobdy yb xmbx xmc fkhocy pcvc c}msech bdh ivcebxch xkpbvhy xmc cdh kj xmcXvcflodnb ibeq'y syc od 2?89, fsx pc jksdh dk odhoibxokd xmbx bd ebyy `vbzcy czcv c}oyxch,&mc yby$ &Qcvykdbll, O hkd'x xmodn xmcvc pby bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq xmcvc bx bll$&

Nvc`c oy qvcqbvod` b hcxbolch vcqkvx kd moy Xvcflodnb odzcyxo`bxokd$ Mc yby xmbx mc pkslh

pclikec xmc jkvebxokd, qkyyofl sdhcv Sdoxch Dbxokdy bsyqoicy, kj bd odxcvdbxokdbl xcbe kj dcsxvbl, rsblojoch yqciobloyxy, xk ibvv ksx yoeolbv odzcyxo`bxokdy bx xmc yoxcy kj bll xmc pbvxoec@cvebd ibeqy$

Nvc`c bdh moy xcbe bvc byykiobxch poxm, bdh jsdhch f, xmc Bhclbohc Odyxoxsxc, b yksxmBsyxvblob vczoyokdoyx &xmodn xbdn$& Oxy hovcixkv, Hv$ Jvchvoin Xkfcd, pby gbolch od @cvebd jkvyczcd ekdxmy od 2??? jkv hoyqsxod` Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd ilboey$ -&'Zcvdoimxsd`ylb`cv'Xvcflodnb7 bvimbclkòyim fcxvbimxcx,& f Od`$ Voimbvh Nvc`c, od Zocvxclgbvmvcymcjxc jüv jvcoc@cyimoimxyjkvyimsd`, Gsdc 6111 ^8$ G`$, Mcjx 2U, qq$ :6%:8> &'Dk Gcpoym ebyy `vbzc' odQklbdh,& Xmc Ibdfcvvb Xoecy, Gbd$ 68, 6111, q$ :> &Qklbdh'y Gcpy 'dkx fsvoch bx Xvcflodnb',&Xmc C}beodcv ^BsyxvblobU, Gbd$ 68, 6111$ ^Xmc lbxxcv xpk dcpyqbqcv oxcey bvc vcqvodxch od

jbiyoeolc od ZMK%odjk, Eb 6111, q$ 91$U> Odjkvebxokd qvkzohch f Voimbvh Nvc`c> E$ Pcfcvbdh B$ Bllcd, &Xvcflodnb,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Yseecv 2??6, qq$ 299%23=>



Qb`c | 68

Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp | Zklsec 2?, dsefcv 9 -Eb+Gsdc/> &@cvebd Iksvx YcdxcdicyBsyxvblobd Mklkibsyx Yncqxoi,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Gsl%Bs`syx 2???, qq$ 6%3>_$ Bvbh, &Xvcflodnb,& od O$ @sxebd, ch$, Cdiilkqchob kj xmc Mklkibsyx ^Dcp _kvn7 2??0U,qq$ 28=2%28==$//

“Yo} Eollokd― Sdxvsc Biikvhod` xk Dcsxvbl Ypoyy

Ox oy ilcbv, xmcvcjkvc, xmbx xmc @cvebdy ikslh dkx qkyyofl mbzc `bodch ikdxvkl kzcv kvc}xcveodbxch bdxmod` lonc yo} eollokd Gcpy$ C}ilshod` xmc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmc dsefcv kj Gcpyod Dbwo%kiisqoch Csvkqc bjxcv ceo`vbxokd pby yibvicl ekvc xmbd 9 eollokd, f dk ecbdy bllkj pmke pcvc odxcvdch$ Xk bqqvkbim xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj czcd mblj kj yo} eollokd pkslh mbzcecbdx xmc lorsohbxokd kj czcv Gcp lozod` od Csvkqc$

Dkxmod` fcxxcv ollsyxvbxcy xmc hcilodod` qlbsyofolox kj xmc Yo} Eollokd lc`cdh xmbd xmc jbixxmbx xmc qvkycisxokd bx xmc Coimebdd xvobl hclofcvbxcl bzkohch ecdxokdod` xmc jo`svc$

Ekvckzcv, kjjoiobl Gcpoym cyxoebxcy kj xmc ibysblxocy bvc fcod` rsocxl vczoych hkpdpbvhy$Ksv bdblyoy kj xmc qkqslbxokd bdh ceo`vbxokd yxbxoyxoiy, by pcll by xmc yxshocy f xmc Ypoyy“Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd― bdh Qvkjcyykv Vbyyodocv, hcekdyxvbxc xmbx ox pkslh mbzc fccd yoeqloeqkyyoflc jkv xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym ibysblxocy xk mbzc c}icchch b loeox kj kdc bdh b mblj eollokd$

Hksfxlcyy, yczcvbl xmksybdh Gcpoym qckqlc hoh hoc od xmc iksvyc kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv,fsx xmoy esyx fc yccd od xmc ikdxc}x kj b pbv xmbx ikyx ebd eollokdy kj oddkicdx zoixoey kd bllyohcy$ Xk qsx xmc ebxxcv od qcvyqcixozc, jkv c}beqlc, pc eb qkodx ksx xmbx 011,111 Vsyyobdiozolobdy hoch hsvod` xmc yoc`c kj Lcdod`vbh, bdh b xkxbl kj 6,131,111 @cvebd iozolobdy pcvcnollch od Blloch bov vbohy bdh jkvich vcqbxvobxokd bjxcv -Kqcvbxokd Ncclmbsl/ bjxcv xmc pbv$

Xmc rscyxokd ekyx qcvxodcdx xk xmc c}xcveodbxokd lc`cdh oy, kj iksvyc7 Mk ebd kj xmc 9eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy, sdhcv @cvebd ikdxvkl, ysvzozch bjxcv 2?83; Xmc Gcpoym GkodxHoyxvofsxokd Ikeeoxxcc cyxoebxch xmc dsefcv kj ysvzozkvy od Csvkqc xk fc kdl kdc bdh mblj eollokd, fsx ysim b jo`svc oy dkp xkxbll sdbiicqxbflc$

Xmoy oy qvkzcd f xmc `vkpod` dsefcv kj Gcpy ibleod` ikeqcdybxokd jvke xmc Pcyx@cvebd @kzcvdecdx jkv mbzod` bllc`chl ysjjcvch fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?83$ F 2?:3, xmcdsefcv kj xmcyc ilboebdxy vcòyxcvch poxm xmc Pcyx @cvebd @kzcvdecdx mbh xvoqlch od xcdcbvy bdh vcbimch 9,903,111$ -Bsjfbs, Gsdc 91xm, 2?:3/

Dkxmod` ikslh fc b ekvc hczbyxbxod` qvkkj kj xmc fvbwcd jbdxby kj xmc Yo} Eollokd$ Ekyxkj xmcyc ilboebdxy bvc Gcpy, yk xmcvc ibd fc dk hksfx xmbx xmc ebgkvox kj xmc 9 eollokd Gcpypmk c}qcvocdich xmc Dbwo kiisqbxokd kj Csvkqc bvc, od jbix, zcv esim blozc$ Ox oy bvcyksdhod` ikdjovebxokd kj xmc jbix xmbx Gcpoym ibysblxocy hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv ibdkdl fc cyxoebxch bx b jo`svc od xmksybdhy$

Xmc Dcp Gcpoym Vcloòkd, Xmc “Ysqqkych― Gcpoym Mklkibsyx

Xkhb, bx xmoy lbxc mksv kj xmc moyxkv kj Pmoxc Imvoyxobdox, xmc Gcp mby yks`mx xkfvbodpbym sdchsibxch bdh o`dkvbdx `cdcvbxokdy odxk xmc eoyqlbich qox bdh ykvvkp kj pmbx

ibd kdl fc ibllch XMC GCPOYM MKLKIBSYX VCLO@OKD$



Qb`c | 63

Gcpy bvc bllkpch xk xcbim qckqlc xk mbxc Gcysy Imvoyx bdh flbyqmcec Bleo`mx @kh, cxxmc bvc bheovch bdh qoxoch f ekyx qckqlc od xmc pkvlh, pmolc xmc xcll flbxbdx locy bfksx xmcyk%ibllch @cvebd &hcbxm ibeqy$& Xmcyc locy ibddkx fc qvkzcd yiocdxojoibll bdh bvc locyhcyo`dch kdl xk fc imcbq, Gcpoym qsfloi vclbxokd qvkqb`bdhb xk odzknc qox jkv xmc Gcpy,pmolc xmc qoin xmc Becvoibd Pmoxc Ebd'y qkincxy bdh vboh Pmoxc Becvoib lonc b ikvqkvbxc

lbpcv$Xmc qox mcbqch kd xmce oy eoyqlbich qox xmbx ymkslh fc hovcixch xk Gcysy Imvoyx, by Mc

pby xmc kdl oddkicdx qcvykd czcv xk pbln xmc jbic kj xmc cbvxm, bdh cx pby qsx xk hcbxm fxmc Gcpoym qckqlc$ Dkp, mkpczcv, czcd xmks`m xmc Gcpy fcloczc bdh xcbim od xmcov ydb`k`scyxmbx Gcysy oy fkolod` od c}ivcecdx od Mcll, xk ibll b Gcp b Imvoyx%nollcv oy bd kjjcdyc xmbx mby qsxqckqlc od gbol jkv esim kj xmcov lozcy$

Xmc Mklkibsyx Mc pby jovyx jbfvoibxch f xmc mcbh kj xmc N@F, xmc Gcp Lbzvcdx Fcvob$Yodic xmcd, pccn bjxcv pccn, jkv blekyx jojx cbvy, xmc xclczoyokd, vbhok, bdh echob mbzcikdxodsch xk fvbodpbym xmc Becvoibd qsfloi poxm yikvcy kj moyxkvoibll odbiisvbxc bdxo%Dbwobdh bdxo%@cvebd ekzocy, ilboeod` b @cvebd ikdyqovbi xk ikeeox `cdkiohc b`bodyx xmc

Gcpoym qckqlc$

_cx, dk ikdyqovbi kv yk%ibllch &Jodbl Yklsxokd& mby czcv fccd qvkzcd xk mbzc c}oyxchbekd` xmc Dbwo lcbhcvymoq$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj qckqlc hoch hsvod` PkvlhPbv OO, bdh cy, b yebll qcvicdxb`c kj xmce pcvc Gcpy$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx xmksybdhy hoch od xmcodxcvdecdx ibeqy, ebd kj pmke pcvc ikdjcyych cdceocy kj xmc dbxokdbl yxbxc$ Ykec pcvc`qyocy, Ikeesdoyxy, Fbqxoyxy, Ebykdy, mkekyc}sbly, Gcmkzbm'y Poxdcyycy, @cvebdy, Qklcy,Iwcimy bdh Jvcdimecd$

Xmc Gcpy mbzc fccd c}qkych xk ilboe xmbx xmkyc dkd%Gcpy pmk hoch od xmc ibeqy pcvcGcpoym od kvhcv xk jsvxmcv c}b``cvbxc xmc dsefcvy kj Gcpy pmk hoch od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Oxoy zcv oeqkvxbdx, jkv xmc ybnc kj xvsxm, xk vcecefcv xmbx xmc pkvn kv odhsyxvobl ibeqy pcvc

ikdxodsksyl c}qkych xk vbeqbdx hoycbycy$ Bx xmc xoec xmbx xmcyc ibeqy c}oyxch xmvks`mksxCsvkqc, xmcvc pcvc dk ebòi hvs`y lonc ksv bdxofokxoiy$ Ekyx qckqlc od xmc Csvkqcbd ibeqyhoch kj hycdxcv, odjlscdwb, kv qcvmbqy mcqbxoxoy F, xsfcvislkyoy, imklcvb, xqmsy, kv czcd klhb`c$ Yk ox eb fc yboh xmbx pmolc xmc ebgkvox kj hcbxmy pcvc kj dbxsvbl ibsycy kv hoycbyc, xmcpcvc dczcvxmclcyy qvcebxsvc fcibsyc kj xmc pbv$

Xblnod` bfksx dsefcvy lcx sy c}beodc b jcp mcvc7

2/$ Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk ivcebxc b fkh;

Bdypcv7 Biikvhod` xk ivcebxkv kqcvbxkvy xkhb, ox xbncy ekvc bfksx xpk mksvy xkikeqlcxcl ivcebxc b fkh$

6/$ Mkp lkd` hoh ox xbnc xk ivcebxc b fkh hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO;

Bdypcv7 Ivcebxokd pby b vclbxozcl dcp xmod` od xmc cbvl 81y bdh xmcvcjkvc ox xkkn ekvcxmbd jksv mksvy xk ivcebxc b yod`lc fkh$ Ox pkslh mbzc fccd oeqkyyoflc xk ivcebxc ekvc xmbdkdc fkh bx b xoec, jkv poxm ekvc fkhocy xmc xoec dcchch xk ivcbxc xmc fkhocy pkslh odivcbycpoxm cbim fkh$ Jvke kdc fkh bdh jksv mksvy xk xmvcc fkhocy bdh co`mx mksvy, jksv fkhocybdh 26 mksvy bdh cxi$

9/$ Mkp esim vcyohsc bdh bymcy bvc lcjx bjxcv b fkh oy ivcebxch;

Bdypcv7 Xkhb xmcvc oy bfksx 21 xk 26 qksdhy kj vcyohsc, hcqcdhod` sqkd xmc yowc kj xmcfkh> bdh xmbx oy poxm xmc vcyohsc fcod` vsd xmvks`m b `vodhcv xk vchsic xmc lbv`cv fkdc

jvbècdxy odxk yebllcv kdc$ Od xmc 81y xmcvc pkslh mbzc fccd 81 xk 31 qksdhy kj vcyohsc bdh



Qb`c | 6:

dk `vodhod` xk vchsic xmc lbv`cv fkdc bdh ecbx jvbècdxy, yk xmcvc pkslh mbzc dk kxmcvvchsixokd od xmc yowc kj xmc fkh$

9/$ Mkp esim pco`mx od bymcy bdh fkdc jvbècdxy pkslh ox xbnc xk joll b fk} ibv kv mkqqcvibv;

Bdypcv7 Xmc Csvkqcbd vbol ibvy bvc bfksx µ xmc yowc kj xmc kdcy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmcdbdh dkp$ Yk ox pkslh mbzc xbncd bfksx 61,111 qksdhy kj vcyohsc xk joll b fk} ibv$

8/$ Mkp ebd ecd pkslh ox mbzc xbncd xk xvbdyjcv xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc kzcdy xk xmc vbolyohod` pmcvc xmc pkslh mbzc fccd lkbhch ksx kd;

Bdypcv7 Poxm kdc ebd bdh kdc pmccl fkvvkp pmoim pkslh mbzc mclh bfksx 31 qksdhy kj vcyohsc ox pkslh mbzc xbncd bfksx 611 msdhvch ecd xk xvbdyjcv xmc 61,111 qksdhy xmbx pkslhjoll xmc fk} ibv$ Xmcyc ecd pkslh mbzc mbh xk ekzc ikdyxbdxl bdh xmcvcjkvc pkslh mbzc mbhxk fc vcloczch czcv jcp mksvy xk lcx xmce vcyx yk xmbx xmc ikslh pkvn b`bod$ Xmsy xmc dsefcvkj ecd pkslh mbzc xk fc :11 bx xmc vbxc kj 611 ecd imbdòd` ymojxy czcv = mksvy$

Dkp ylbzc lbfkv, by moyxkv mby ymkpd, oy xmc pkvyx ykvx kj lbfkv> fcibsyc xmcvc oy dk

odicdxozc xk qvkhsic ekvc bdh ekvc$ Odyxcbh xmc ylbzcy ekzc lcyy bdh lcyy by xoec qvk`vcyycy$Xmoy pkslh mbzc bhhch bdkxmcv :11 xk xmc pkvn jkvic xmsy ibsyod` xmc @cvebdy xk mbzc syc2611 ecd jkv kdc fk} kv mkqqcv ibv qcv hb, gsyx xk ekzc xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc kzcdy xk xmcvbol yohod`y$ Kj iksvyc pc mbzc dkx xbncd odxk ikdyohcvbxokd xmc hoyxbdic xmbx xmc ecd pkslhmbzc xk xvbzcl poxm xmcov pmccl fbvvkp> bdh xmsy pkslh mbzc bhhch ysfyxbdxobll ekvc ecd xkxmc pkvn jkvic$

3/$ Mkp ebd ecd pkslh mbzc xbncd xk lkbh xmc vcyohsc od xmc fk} kv mkqqcv ibvy bjxcv xmcxvbdyjcv jvke xmc kzcdy;

Bdypcv7 Hsc xk xmc jbix xmbx xmc Csvkqcbd ibvy bvc bfksx µ xmc yowc kj Becvoibd kdcy, oxpkslh mbzc xbnc bx lcbyx 8 ecd kd cbim yohc kj xmc ibv ymkzclod` xmc vcyohsc sq odxk xmc ibv$Xmcd ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 8 ecd, xpk kd cbim yohc xk xmvkp xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc hkkv xk xmcfbin kj xmc ibv$ Xmoy pkslh mbzc xbncd bx lcbyx = ecd, bdh yodic xmc pkslh mbzc xk fcvcloczch czcv jcp mksvy xmbx pkslh odivcbyc xmc pkvn jkvicy jvke = xk 68 ecd$ Xmcd gsyx bypc mbh xk hksflc xmc pkvn jkvic fcibsyc kj xmc ylkphkpd od xmc ekzcecdx kj xmc ylbzc lbfkv,ox pkslh xmcvcjkvc xbnc 06 ecd xk lkbh xmc ibvy$ B`bod pc bvc dkx xbnod` odxk ikdyohcvbxokd xmcyoindcyy bdh biiohcdxy pmoim pkslh dcicyybvol mbqqcd fcibsyc kj msebdy fcod` gsyx xmbx7msebdy$ Pmoim pkslh blyk odivcbyc xmc pkvn jkvic$

:/$ Mkp ebd ibvy ikslh fc lkbhch bx xmc ybec xoec; Bdh mkp ebd ibvy pkslh b yohod`mklh;

Bdypcv7 Kdl bfksx 21 ibvy ikslh fc lkbhch bx kdc xoec fcibsyc oj ekvc xmbd xmbx pcvclkbhch, xmc pkvncvy pkslh fc `cxxod` odxk cbim kxmcvy pb, xmsy ibsyod` fkxm b ylkphkpd bdhbhhoxokdbl pkvncvy xk xmc pkvn jkvic$ Xmcvcjkvc, ox pkslh xbnc bfksx 2911 ecd xk lkbh 21 ibvyod kdc hby 68 mksvy xoec$

0/$ Mkp ebd qksdhy kj vcyohsc pkslh 8,111,111 fkhocy qvkhsic;

Bdypcv7 Bx xmc vbxc kj 81 xk 31 qksdhy qcv fkh> bdh pc poll syc xmc lcyycv pco`mx kj 81qksdhy, ox pkslh qvkhsic 8,111,111 } 81 qksdhy 5 2:1,111,111 eollokdy kj qksdhy kj vcyohsc$

=/$ Mkp ebd vbol ibvy pkslh ox xbnc xk ekzc 2:1,111,111 qksdhy kj vcyohsc;

Bdypcv7 Bx xmc vbxc kj 61,111 qksdhy qcv ibv, bdh xmbx oy vcbll jollod` xmc ibv sq fcibsycxmc ibv pkslh qvkfbfl dkx mklh ekvc xmbd 23,111 qksdhy, ox pkslh xbnc bfksx 2:,111 ibvy$



Qb`c | 60

Pmoim pkslh dkx mbzc fccd qkyyoflc fcibsyc xmc blloch fkefcvy pcvc fkefod` czcvxmod` odyo`mx hb bdh do`mx bdh pkslh mbzc hcyxvkch xmbx ebd ibvy od vbohy$

?/$ Mkp lkd` pkslh ox xbnc bx xmc vbxc kj 21 ibvy qcv hb xk ekzc 2:111 ibvy;

Bdypcv7 Ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 2:111 hby$

21/$ Mkp ebd cbvy pkslh ox mbzc xbncd xk ekzc xmcyc ibvy bx xmc vbxc bfkzc ecdxokdch;

Bdypcv7 ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 2:111 hby hozohch f 9:3 hby od b cbv 5 38 cbvy$

Xmcvcjkvc, ox pkslh dkx mbzc fccd qkyyoflc xk ivcebxc 8,111,111 qckqlc bdh ekzc xmcovbymcy bdh vcyohsc od 9 cbvy xoec$

Xmc ekzocy òzc xmc jblyc oeqvcyyokd xmbx kdl Gcpy pcvc odxcvdch od xmc pkvn bdh lbfkvibeqy$ Xmc Gcpy mbzc ilboech msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj dkd%Gcpy od kvhcv xk jbfvoibxc xmcovdsefcvy bdh ilboe xmbx : eollokd Gcpy qsvqkycl pcvc nollch bx xmc mbdhy kj xmc YY, yoeqlfcibsyc xmc pcvc Gcpoym$

OD VCICDX _CBVY, PMCDCZCV B PMOXC IMVOYXOBD PKSLH YQCBN SQ

XK QKODX KSX XMC OVVCJSXBFLC BDH FLBXBDX JBIXY BFKSX XMCBXMCOYXOI GCPOYM MKLKIBSYX E_XM$ XMC GCPY MBZC HKDCCZCV_XMOD@ XMC_ IBD XK YXOJLC XMC BECVOIBD EBD‟Y JVCCHKE KJYQCCIM OD MOY KPD IKSDXV_$

Xmoy oy b kdc%yohch qvcycdxbxokd kj Pkvlh Pbv OO xmbx fcloxxlcy xmc Becvoibd jo`mxod` ebd'yqbvx od xmc pbv bdh òzcy sdhsc ivchox xk xmc Gcpy bdh c}b``cvbxcy xmc Gcpoym hcbxmy bx xmcc}qcdyc kj kxmcv ekvc hcycvzod` eodkvoxocy ysim by xmc Snvbodobd qckqlc$

By odivchoflc by ox eb yksdh, oj ox ibd fc qvkzcd fckdh b ymbhkp kj b hksfx xmbx xmc Gcpyxmceyclzcy pcvc vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc c}icyyozc bdh odybdc fkefod` qkloiocy kj xmc Becvoibdybdh xmc Fvoxoym kzcv @cvebd od Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmcd xmbx pkslh ecbd xmbx xmc Gcpy

xmceyclzcy bvc hovcixl vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc odivchoflc dsefcvy kv hcbxmy od xmc Dbwo lbfkvibeqy$

Jkv ox oy bd odhoyqsxbflc jbix xmbx pmbx mby fccd ibllch xmc &bxvkioxocy& kj xmc ibeqy hoh dkxkiisv sdxol bjxcv xmc Blloch fkefcvy mbh hcyxvkch xmc vbolpb yyxcey xmbx ymoqqch jkkh bdhechoibl ysqqlocy xk xmcyc ibeqy$ Oj xmc Dbwoy mbh fccd bflc xk fkef xmc xvbdyqkvxbxokdyyxcey kj xmc Becvoibdy bdh qvczcdx xmce jvke ymoqqod` echoiodc bdh jkkhyxsjjy xk xmcGbqbdcyc odxcvdccy bdh @cvebd qvoykdcvy kj pbv od Becvoibd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, xmcdsdybdoxbv lozod` ikdhoxokdy bdh ebldsxvoxokd pkslh icvxbodl mbzc mbh xmc ybec vcyslxy odc}xvbkvhodbv dsefcvy kj Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy hod` jvke hycdxcv bdh imklcvb$ Fsx by kj xmoyhbxc, dkx b yod`lc Becvoibd dkv Fvoxoym yklhocv mby fccd xvoch jkv pbv ivoecy kv ivoecy b`bodyx

msebdox, czcd xmks`m xmksybdhy kj ysim odiohcdxy hoh kiisv od xmc Becvoibd zoixoeowbxokd kj Gbqbdcyc, @cvebdy bdh qckqlc kj kxmcv dbxokdbloxocy hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$

Xk jbol xk qvcycdx bd kfgcixozc bdh xvsxmjsl lkkn bx xmc czcdxy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO oy xk jbol xklcbvd jvke xmc eoyxbncy kj xmbx cvb$ Xkhb, Wokdoyx bdh Xbleshoi kv`bdowch Gcpv ndkpod`lbdh polljsll ikdxodsc xk qvcycdx bdh qcvqcxsbxc bxmcoyxoi, Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb kdl fcibsycox qbodxy xmc Gcpy by xmc zoixoey kj xmc Dbwoy$ Ebd iksvb`cksy Becvoibdy ysim by Ycdbxkv Xbjxbdh ebd Ysqvcec Iksvx Gsyxoicy yqknc ksx b`bodyx xmc xvbzcyx kj gsyxoic ibllch xmc Dsvcefcv`Pbv Ivoecy Xvobly b`bodyx xmc lcbhcvy kj xmc @cvebd ̀ kzcvdecdx bjxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO$

&Pkvlh Pbv OO pby b pbv xk vcdcp Gcpoym hkeodbxokd kj @cvebd bdh Icdxvbl Csvkqc bdhjkv xmc ebodxcdbdic kj xmc qkpcv bdh `lkv kj xmc Fvoxoym+Gcpoym Ceqovc$ Xmc ikdyqovbxkvy od

Becvoib, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic bvc vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc `vcbxcyx xvb`ch xmc pkvlh mby czcvndkpd bdh xmcov dbecy poll fc hoymkdkvch bdh c}civbxch od moyxkv$



Qb`c | 6=

“Ox dczcv pkslh mbzc yxbvxch mbh dkx Vkkyczclx bdh xmc mblj Gcp Fslloxx `sbvbdxcch xkFvoxbod bdh Jvbdic bll kj Becvoib'y vcyksvicy, pmoim ecbdx, jovyx, vcqcbl kj ksv dcsxvblox bixbdh ysqqlod` xmce poxm esdoxokdy bdh fkefcvy poxmksx yxodx> ycikdh, od xoec xmc c}xcdyokdkj sdloeoxch ivchox> xmovh xmc syc kj ksv jlccx od xmc Qbiojoi xk qvkxcix Fvoxoym, Jvcdim bdhHsxim odxcvcyxy> oj xmcyc hoh dkx ysjjoic jkv zoixkv, xmcd ksv ksd` ecd by bov qolkxy bdh ksv

jlccx xk fc ycdx xk Csvkqc> bdh lbyxl, oj Pkvlh Gcpv bdh xmc Fvoxoym+Gcpoym Ceqovc ikslh dkxpod poxmksx xmce, eollokdy kj ksv lbhy xk hoc od Csvkqc'y fbfflcy$

“Xmc qvcechoxbxch nollod` kj msebd fcod`y f bdkxmcv, ybzc od yclj hcjcdyc, oy esvhcv, bivoec b`bodyx Imvoyxobdox, ekvblox, msebdox, bdh iozolowbxokd, bdh xmoy bqqlocy poxm `vcbxcyx`solx xk xmc pmklcyblc ylbs`mxcv f kdc dbxokd kj xmc qckqlc kj bdkxmcv pmk mbzc dkx bxxbinchkv mbvech xmce$ Bjxcv xmoy ollc`bl, ycivcx qlkx pby dc`kxobxch, Vkkyczclx, xmc Gcpy bdh xmcpbv%ekd`cvy kj xmoy iksdxv, kj Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic yks`mx xk kzcvxmvkp xmc Imbefcvlbod`kzcvdecdx bdh xk vcqlbic ox poxm xmc Gcpy Imsvimoll, Chcd, Mkvc%Fcloymb bdh Hsjj Ikkqcv$

“Xmc qlkxxch xk `cx Fkddcx ksx kj xmc Jvcdim Ibfodcx bdh xk ysfyxoxsxc xmc Gcpy Vcdbsh,Flse bdh Ebdhcl$ Xmc bvhcdx fsx sdysiicyyjsl iksvxymoq kj Yxblod bdh Ykzocx Vsyyob pby

odyoyxch sqkd f Vkkyczclx, Pkvlh Gcpv bdh pbv%ekd`cvy kj Becvoib, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic$

“Kdc kj xmc vcbykdy jkv xmc Vkkyczclx+Chcd qlkx xk kzcvxmvkp xmc Imbefcvlbod `kzcvdecdxbdh vcekzc Fkddcx jvke xmc Jvcdim Ibfodcx pby fcibsyc xmc pkslh dkx b`vcc xk qb xmcqvoic Yxblod hcebdhch xk cdiovilc bdh hcjcbx @cvebd$ Bx Vkkyczclx'y bdh xmc Gcpy'odyoyxcdic, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic `sbvbdxcch xmc fksdhbvocy kj Qklbdh od kvhcv xk cdiovilc@cvebd bdh vcdcp Gcpoym ikdxvkl$ Xmoy `sbvbdxcc kj xmc fksdhbvocy kj Qklbdh pby xmc hovcixibsyc kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, ox ndkpod`l dcicyyoxbxch ox$& -Pbv" Pbv" Pbv", f Iodioddbxsy, qq$2==%2=?/

Ebd iksvb`cksy bdh qbxvokxoi Becvoibdy ndcp xmbx xmc yk%ibllch pbv ivoecy bdh xmcimbd`cy b`bodyx xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx kjjoiobly pcvc dkxmod` ekvc xmbd Ikeesdoyx

qvkqb`bdhb hcyo`dch xk flbec xmc @cvebdy jkv ebd Ikeesdoyx bxvkioxocy xmbx Yxblod mbhcdòdccvch bdh qcvqcxvbxch$ Ox oy icvxbodl sd%Becvoibd xk fc bjvboh kj xmc xvsxm, bdh dk xvsxm%lkzod` Becvoibd ibd qkyyofl yxbdh f bdh pbxim xmc Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb kj Pkvlh PbvOO ikdxodsc xk fc xbs`mx od ksv qsfloi yimkkl yyxcey$

Xkhb, jojx cbvy bjxcv Bhklj Moxlcv, xmcvc oy mbvhl b pccn kv b hb xmbx `kcy f poxmksxbd bdxo%Dbwo jole kv qvkqb`bdhb ekzoc fcod` ymkpd kd xclczoyokd imbddcly xmbx kdc pkslhxmodn xmc ymkslh fc dk lkd`cv qkloxoibl$ Ekvckzcv, xmc Gcpy mbzc ebhc Dbwo ecekvbfolob bdhDbwo ecefcv kv`bdowbxokdy b fo` fsyodcyy od Becvoib$ Dk xvsc Becvoibd ibd bjjkvh xk yxbdhf bdh bllkp xmc Ikeesdoyx, Gcpoym Wokdoyx, Bdxoimvoyx Gcpy xk ikdxodsc oeqkyod` xmcovzcvyokd kj moyxkv bdh xmcov bxmcoyxoi zblscy sqkd pmbx pby kdic b Pmoxc Imvoyxobd Dbxokd$

Oj xmc mklkibsyx oy xk fc hoyisyych od ksv yimkkly by lcòxoebxc moyxkv, xmcd lcx ox fchoyisyych kfgcixozcl bdh xvsxmjsll, fbych sqkd jbix odyxcbh kj Gcpoym joixokd xmbx oy hcyo`dchkdl xk qvkxcix xmc vcqsxbxokd kj Gkc Yxblod bdh xmc Gcpy fcmodh xmc Fklymczon vczklsxokd kj pkvlh Ikeesdoye$ Xk odyoyx sqkd jbov qlb oy xvsl bd Becvoibd ohcb$ Oj pc esyx mcbv xmcGcpy yohc, lcx sy blyk mcbv xmc Bvbfy' yohc$ Pc Becvoibdy bvc oddbxcl mbxcjsl xkpbvh bdkdcpmk yccny xk vkf sy kj ksv jvcchke kj xmks`mx, fsx xkhb xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc bxmcoyxoi,Ikeesdoyxoi Gcpy, bdh Mkllpkkh kdc%pkvlhcvy bvc yccnod` xk hk$

Yxojlod` jvcchke kj yqccim xmvks`m xmcov Ikeesdoyx xbixoi kj yk%ibllch qkloxoiblikvvcixdcyy, xmc yccn xk fvbodpbym xmc dc}x `cdcvbxokd kj Becvoibdy xmvks`m hvs` bfsyc bdhvclcdxlcyy Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb$ Xmc yccn xk ivcbxc b qkloic yxbxc pmcvcod jvcchke kj

yqccim oy ikeqlcxcl yxojlch, bdh pmcd jvcchke kj yqccim oy b ivoec, ykkd jvcchke kj xmks`mxblyk fcikecy b ivoec$



Qb`c | 6?

Xmc Gcpy, xmvks`m xmc BILS bdh kxmcv Ikeesdoyx Gcpoym jvkdx `vksqy mbzc, pmcd ox oyikdzcdocdx, hcjcdhch jvcchke kj yqccim by lkd` by ox oy b Ikeesdoyx kv b hoyycdxcv yccnod` xkxcbv hkpd Pmoxc Becvoib$

Fsx pmcd xmc ymkc oy kd xmc kxmcv jkkx, xmc poll dkx hcjcdh xmc vo`mxy kj Pmoxc, ImvoyxobdBecvoibdy, pmoim ksv jkvcjbxmcvy jks`mx jkv bdh cefkhoch od xmc Foll kj Vo`mxy bdh xmc

Ikdyxoxsxokd$ Xmc Gcpy bvc isvvcdxl syod` jchcvbl bdh yxbxc ekdc xmbx xmc mbzc ikddchjkve xmc Becvoibd qckqlc xk jsdh xmcov kdc%yohch Ikeesdoyx zocpy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Yk, odcjjcix, czcv yxbxc yqkdykvch mklkibsyx qvk`vbe oy fsx bdkxmcv Gcpoym ikd `bec hcyo`dch xkvkf xmc pkvnod` ebd bdh xmc Becvoibd xb} qbcv, pmolc cdylbzod` xmcyc Pmoxc qckqlc'yimolhvcd odxk Gcpoym Ykiobloye$

Xmodn kj xmoy xvbzcyx kj jvcchke od xmcyc xcvey$ B `vksq kj bxmcoyxoi, Imvoyx%mbxod`, Hczol%pkvymoqcvy ikecy xk ksv yimkkl yyxce bdh hcebdhy xmc vo`mx xk xcbim ksv imolhvcd xmcov@kh%mbxod`, bxmcoyxoi zblscy pmolc ebnod` dk ycivcx kj xmcov slxcvokv ekxozcy xk sdhcveodcksv Imvoyxobd zblscy bdh ksv bsxmkvox by b qbvcdx$

Od bhhoxokd xk xmoy, xmcyc ybec Hczol%pkvymoqod` qb`bdy ilboe xmbx Dcvk kj Vkec pby vo`mxxk fsvd xmc Imvoyxobdy kd ivkyycy od moy dkixsvdbl `bvhcd bdh xk ylbs`mxcv Imvoyxobd pkecdbdh imolhvcd f xmvkpod` xmce xk xmc zoioksy, ebd%cbxod` lokdy kj xmc Vkebd iovisy$ Pmbx oj xmcyc ybec qckqlc hbvch xk yb xmbx xmc Gcpy pcvc bfyklsxcl ikvvcix od qsxxod` Gcysy Imvoyx xkhcbxm bdh zoioksyl esvhcvod` Moe; Pkslh ks, by b @kh%jcbvod` qcvykd yqcbn sq b`bodyxysim bd kfzoksy bfsyc kj Becvoibd jvcchke;

Pcll, xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc gcpy bvc hkod` xmvks`mksx xmc yimkkl yyxcey kj Becvoib fycdhod` xmcov Gcpoym czbd`cloyxy odxk ksv ilbyyvkkey xk qvcbim xmc cyxbfloymecdx kj xmcovmklkibsyx vcloòksy islx$ Xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc Gcpy mbzc ebhc kj xmc Gcpoym hcbxmy kj PPOO$

Xmc mbzc sych xmc Dbwo pkvn ibeqy by bd c}isyc xk c}xkvx follokdy kj hkllbvy jvke xmcBecvoibd xb} qbcv, bll od ysqqkvx kj xmcov Bdxoimvoyx, pkvlh hkeodbxokd qmolkykqm ndkpd byWokdoye, bdh bll jkv xmc qsvqkyc kj ysqqkvxod` xmc ollc`bl yxbxc kj yk%ibllch Oyvbcl od Qblcyxodc$

Pc Becvoibdy mbzc dk kfgcixokd xk xmc xvsxm, fsx pc hk kfgcix xk lobvy bdh xk mblj%xvsxmyfcod` qvkekxch od ksv yimkkl yyxcey jkv xmc c}qvcyy qsvqkyc kj ebdoqslbxod` bdhfvbodpbymod` ksv imolhvcd$ Lcx sy vcecefcv xmbx xmc yimkkl xcbimcvy bdh xmc Gcpy pmkyqkdykv xmcyc qvk`vbey hk dkx odzoxc xmc lkibl Dck%Dbwoy xk hcjcdh xmcov qkyoxokd, dkv hk xmcodzoxc xmc yimklbvy kj Xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, pmkyc bhhvcyy oy QKF 291:,Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313$ Xmc kdl qvcycdx kdc%yohch bv`secdxy fbych sqkd jbfvoibxokdy bdh locyjovyx qsx jkvpbvh f xmc Yxblodoyx Ikeesdoyx vcòec, dbecl xmc Gcp mcbh kj xmc N@FLbzvcdx Fcvob, ecdxokdch cbvlocv$

Xmcvc bvc ebd mkdcyx bdh ikeqcxcdx moyxkvobdy pmk hoyb`vcc poxm xmc Ikeesdoyx lodc kj qvkqb`bdhb$ Kdc ksxyxbdhod` c}beqlc kj kvimcyxvbxch, ekhcvd, Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb oy xmcMkllpkkh zcvyokdy kj xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl yxkvocy$

Ev$ Pocycdxmbl oy qkvxvbch f xmc Gcpoym Mkllpkkh ivkph by xmc jkvcekyx Dbwo msdxcvod xmc pkvlh$ Mc oy loxcvbll qvcycdxch by b Gcpoym mcvk, bdh by b pkdhcvjsl msebdoxbvobd,pmcd od jbix, xmc ebd oy b lobv bdh b mqkivoxc$ Mc mby kqcdl loch bdh ikdjsych xmc xvsxm, fsxksv imolhvcd mbzc dczcv fccd xbs`mx xmc xvsxm bfksx xmoy lod` Gcp b`cdx, pmk czcd bheoxxchxmbx mc pby jo`mxod` jkv xmc Ikeesdoyxy$

Pmbx ksv imolhvcd bvc xbs`mx oy xmbx xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Icdxcv pby dbech bjxcv xmoy

&`vcbx ebd,& bdh xmbx xpk Becvoibd qvcyohcdxy bpbvhch xmoy lobv poxm mkdkvbv bpbvhy jkv moyyk%ibllch pkvn od xvbinod` hkpd Dbwoy$



Qb`c | 91

Ksv imolhvcd bvc dkx xbs`mx xmbx xmoy ebd mby ikdyoyxcdi loch od moy vcqkvx bfksx pmbx mc ybphsvod` PP OO$ Od 2?8=, xmoy lod` Gcp xcyxojoch sdhcv kbxm xmbx jvke 2?9?%2?82 mc pby b&Ykzocx Imocj cdòdccv pkvnod` od Lzkz bdh Khcyyb$& Fsx od moy zcv kpd fok`vbqm, mc ilboeyxmbx mc pby b &ecimbdoi od b jbixkv xmbx qvkhsich fchyqvod`y& hsvod` xmkyc ybec cbvy$

Xmoy c}beqlc eb ycce xvozobl, fsx Pocycdxmbl mby loch bfksx jbv pkvyc xmbd xmoy$ Jkv

c}beqlc, Pocycdxmbl qsfloymch b fkkn od 2?8: od pmoim mc qvcycdxch moy zocp kj moyxkv, pmoimmc ysqqkychl kfxbodch jbixy jvke xmc ikdjcyyokd kj Ebsxmbsycd Ikeebdhbdx Jvbdw Wocvoy$

Od moy fkkn, mc ilboech xmbx jksv eollokd qckqlc pcvc `byych bx xmoy ibeq$ Lbxcv, mc xklhSYB Xkhb od Bqvol, 2?=9, &O pby kdc kj 98 qvoykdcvy blozc ksx kj 231,111 pmk mbh fccd qsxxmcvc$&

Dkx kdl hoh mc loc xpoic bfksx xmoy dsefcv, mc loch b xmovh xoec od moy kpd bsxkfok`vbqm,od pmoim mc pvkxc7 &blekyx 9,111 qvoykdcvy hoch od Ebsdmbsycd bjxcv xmc Becvoibdylofcvbxch sy kd Eb 3, 2?83$&

Xmoy oy gsyx lonc b Ikeesdoyx Gcp xk loc pmcd ox ysoxy moy dcchy$ Pkvyc, Pocycdxmbl mby

fccd bllkpch xk xcbim ksv imolhvcd xmcyc locy, poxmksx bd rscyxokdod`$ Pm mby xmoy Gcp, pmkmby ikdyoyxcdxl loch od qvodx, dczcv fccd rscyxokdch; Pm mbzc ksv imolhvcd dkx fccdqvcycdxch poxm xmc jbix xmbx xmoy ebd mby fccd ikdyoyxcdxl qvkzcd xk fc b lobv;

Jodbll, xmc ekyx jlb`vbdx qvkqb`bdhb xmbx mby fccd yqvcbh f Pocycdxmbl oy xmc &msebdykbq& exm$ Xmc exm oy xmbx @cvebdy sych xmc jbx jkve hcbh Gcpy xk ebnc ykbq$ Pocycdxmblpvkxc od Hcv Dcsc Pc`, bd Bsyxvobd Gcp qbqcv xmbx ?11,111 hcbh Gcpy pcvc ymoqqch xk bjbixkv bdh sych xk ebnc ykbq$

Pocycdxmbl ilboech xmbx xmc lcxxcvy VOJ kd @cvebd ykbq ebhc bx xmbx xoec yxkkh jkv Vcod gschoyimcy Jcxx, pmoim ecbdy &Qsvc Gcpoym Jbx$& Od jbix, xmc lcxxcvy yxkkh jkv Vcoimyxcllc Jscvodhsyxvocllc Jcxxzcvykv`sd` kv &Dbxokdbl Icdxcv jkv Odhsyxvobl Jbx Qvkzoyokdod`$& Od jbix, dk

moyxkvobdy mbzc czcv bindkplch`ch xmoy ilboe xk fc xvsc$ Ox pby ecvcl b jbfvoibxokd kj Ev$Pocycdxmbl b qvkzcd lobv$

Kdc c}beqlc kj xmoy oy xmc hojjoislxocy kj xmc moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`, pmk bjxcv kdic fcod`qcvysbhch kj xmc jbixy, imbd`ch ebd kj moy zocpy vc`bvhod` xmc moyxkv kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Ev$Ovzod` jksdh ox zovxsbll oeqkyyoflc xk jodh b qsfloymcv xk qsfloym moy dcp%jksdh ikdzoixokdy,pmoim ikdxvbhoixch xmc Gcpoym zcvyokd kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$

_cx, xmc myxcvoibl Gcpoym c}b``cvbxokdy fcibec yk flbxbdx xmbx xmc ekvc ybdc Gcpy mbzcjksdh ox dcicyybv xk bheox xmcvc ikslh mbzc fccd dk ekvc xmbd 9$3 eollokd Gcpy xk mbzc hochod xmbx qcvokh kj xoec, bdh icvxbodl dkx xmc c}b``cvbxch : eollokd$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy vcqvodxchjvke xmc Dcp _kvn Qkyx, Ebvim 6:, 2??67

BSYIMPOXW HCBXM XKLL OY VCHSICH XK 2$3E7 Pbvybp, Qklbdh -SQO/ %Dcpl vclcbych hkisecdxy ikdjove xmbx 2$3 eollokd zoixoey hoch bx xmc Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokdibeq kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO, dkx 8 eollokd % by ilboech f xmc jkvecvYkzocx Sdokd> Gcpoym bdh Qkloym kjjoiobly yboh cyxcvhb$

Plbhylbp Fbvxkywcpyno, b ecefcv kj xmc Iksdiol jkv Hoblk`sc fcxpccd Qklcy bdh Gcpy,yboh xmc kjjoiobl biiksdx kj xmc dsefcv kj zoixoey pby vchsich jkllkpod` zcvojoibxokd kj bvimozcy vcicdxl vcxsvdch f Ykzocx bsxmkvoxocy xk Qklbdh$ Qkloym Ikeesdoyx bsxmkvoxocy sychxmc 8 eollokd jo`svc fcibsyc ox pby cyxbfloymch f b qkyxpbv Ykzocx ikeeoyyokd kd Dbwoivoecy$& Xmoy pkslh vchsic xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj yk%ibllch zoixoey, czcd syod` xmc : eollokdjo`svc xk 9$3 eollokd$



Qb`c | 92

Ykec qvkeodcdx Gcpy, pmcd ikdjvkdxch poxm xmc odhoyqsxbflc jbixy, mbzc czcd bheoxxchxmbx xmc yk%ibllch `by imbefcvy pcvc jbfvoibxokdy kj xmc Vsyyobd Ikeesdoyx Gcpy, gsyx by xmcdsefcv kj 8 eollokd hcbh bx Bsyimpoxw pby b jbfvoibxokd$ Dkxoic od xmc bfkzc bvxoilc xmbx xmcodjkvebxokd qvkzod` xmbx kdl 2$3 eollokd hoch bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs pby jksdh od bvimozcyvcxsvdch xk Qklbdh f xmc 'ykzocxy$

Blyk, &Qkloym Ikeesdoyx bsxmkvoxocy sych xmc dsefcv fcibsyc ox pby cyxbfloymch f bqkyxpbv Ykzocx ikeeoyyokd kd Dbwo ivoecy$&

OD BHHOXOKD XK XMOY, XMC YKZOCXY MBZC BHEOXXCH XMBX XMC_“VCFSOLX― XMC “KVO@ODBL FSOLHOD@Y― xmbx pcvc ysqqkychl hcyxvkch f xmcebjxcv &lofcvbxokd$& Czcd xmc isvbxkv bdh hovcixkv kj Bsyimpoxw esycse mby bheoxxch xmbx xmc&`by imbefcvy& pcvc blxcvch bdh vcikdyxvsixch f xmc Vsyyobdy bjxcv xmc pbv$ Xmc IkeesdoyxYkzocxy qvkzohch xmc jo`svcy bdh mclh xmc czohcdic$

Czcvkdc bheoxy xmbx xmc @cvebdy pcvc ecxoislksy vcikvh nccqcvy, bdh xmc bixsbl vcikvhykj xmkyc qckqlc xmbx hoch od xmc ibeqy pcvc ikdjoyibxch f xmc Ykzocxy$ Pmcd xmc Ykzocxyjodbll bllkpch xmc Vch ivkyy biicyy xk xmc vcikvhy od 2?=?, ox pby vczcblch od 8: fkkny xmcdbecy kj xmkyc xmbx hoch bx Bsyimpoxw bdh xmc ibsycy kj hcbxm$ XMC XKXBL7 01,111$

Xmc Ykzocxy hoh dkx bllkp xmce biicyy xk xmc fkkny jkv xmc cbv kj 2?88, fsx xmkyc fkknyikslh biiksdx jkv xmc vcebodod` hcbh$ Czcd xmcd, mkpczcv, ox oy qvkfbfl xvsc xmbx xmcdsefcvy eb dkx czcd bhh sq xk xmc dcp 2$3 eollokd jo`svc$ Dkp xmbx xmoy oy vclcbych, pc jodhxmbx xmc odjlbxch xmc dsefcv jvke 2$3 eollokd xk kzcv 8 eollokd -Nccq od eodh xmbx xmc 2$3eollokd hcbh oy ioxch by xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey,& dkx Gcpy blkdc/$

Xmc Ykzocxy qsvqkycl loch bfksx xmc 8 eollokd hcbh, bdh xmc fsolx xmc fsolhod`y dkpyxbdhod` bx xmc ibeqy -Xmoy odjkvebxokd ymkslh ikec by dk ysvqvoyc, by xmc Gcpy mbzc fccd xmcbfyklsxc vslcvy kj Vsyyob yodic 2?20$ Bdh ox pkslh fc c}qcixch xmbx xmc Gcpy vslod` Vsyyobpkslh mclq xmc kxmcv Gcpy kj xmc pkvlh xk jkyxcv bdh qcvqcxsbxc xmcov mklkibsyx loc/$

Ekyx moyxkvobdy b`vcc xmbx ox oy oeqkyyoflc xmbx yo} eollokd qckqlc pcvc `byych od `byimbefcvy bdh xmcd fsvdch od b ivcebxkvose$ Xmc jbix ymkpy xmbx ox pkslh mbzc xbncd := cbvyxk `by : eollokd qckqlc, bdh xmbx ox pkslh xbnc 93 cbvy xk ivcebxc : eollokd fkhocy oj xmcivcebxkvosey bx xmc ibeqy kqcvbxch 68 mksvy b hb, czcv hb, ivcebxod` xmc eb}oesedsefcv kj fkhocy xmbx xmc ikslh mklh$

Esim kj xmc eoyodjkvebxokd pby JBFVOIBXCH f xmc -Gcpoym/ Yxblod vcòec kj YkzocxVsyyob hsvod` xmc qkyx%pbv cbvy$ Yxblod -fcod` Gcpoym moeyclj/ndcp mkp xk jcch xmc myxcvob kj xmc Vsyyobd Gcp qkqslbxokd$ Kd kdc mbdh mc fbinch xmce poxm c}b``cvbxch mklkibsyx yxkvocy,qvcxcdhod` xk fc od yeqbxm poxm xmcov pkvlh Wokdoyx ibsyc, pmoim odhsich xmc Gcpy xk yxcbl

yxbxc ycivcxy bfksx bxkeoi cdcv` bdh czcd xmcov ekhcvd eoyyolc xcimdklk` jkve xmc SdoxchYxbxcy xk òzc xk xmc Ykzocxy -Bdh YODIC XMC GCPY BVC XMC EKYX XVBOXKVKSYQCKQLC KD CBVXM, OX PKSLH IKEC DBXSVBL JKV XMCE XK FCXVB_ XMCSDOXCH YXBXCY BDH OXY QCKQLC, JKV XMC_ MBZC FCXVB_CH CZCV_QCKQLC BDH DBXOKD XMC_ MBZC CZCV LOZCH OD BDH BEKD@/$

_cx, moyxkv ymkpy xmbx pmcdczcv b `vcbx dsefcv kj Gcpy -pmk pcvc dkx kj xmc qvkqcvlodcb`c kv fclocjy/ fc`bd xk voyc xk qvkeodcdic od xmc Ikeesdoyx `kzcvdecdx, Yxblod hoh dkxmcyoxbxc xk lorsohbxc xmce f qcvokhoi qsv`cy kj xmc odxcllcixsbl Wokdoyxoi Gcpy od IkeesdoyxVsyyob$

Od xmc lbxc 2?91y Yxblod fc`bd b ibeqbo`d b`bodyx odjlscdxobl ecefcvy kj xmc Ikeesdoyx

Qbvx> czcd xmkyc pmk mbh qsx moe od qkpcv pcvc esvhcvch$ Moy qkloxoibl cdceocy pcvcdsefcvch od xmc &xcdy kj eollokdy$& -Xmc Dcp Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib/



Qb`c | 96

Yodic 2?83 xmcvc mbzc fccd ebd ikdjloixod` ilboey ikdicvdod` xmc dsefcvy kj Gcpoymqckqlc -bdh kxmcvy/ pmk hoch bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdcs -Kypocioe, ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq/$Mkpczcv, ox oy kdl vcicdx vcycbvim bdh biicyy xk moxmcvxk sdbzbolbflc hkisecdxy, xmbx xmcycdsefcvy mbzc hvbyxoibll lkpcvch, qkyyofl odhoibxod` xmbx ekvc kj ksv qckqlc ysvzozc$Qcvmbqy xmc : eolly kjxcd qsfloiowch -xmks`m ksv fcyx jo`svc oy 8$9 eollokd/ eb blyk dcch xk

fc vczoych lkpcv, pc mkqc yk$Hv$ Dbxmbd Dsyyfbse,

Mkdkvbv Hovcixkv,

Icdxcv jkv Gcpoym Mklkibsyx Yxshocy$

Biikvhod` xk kjjoiobl hkisecdxy od xmc Jvcdim Vcqsfloi -odyxoxsxc jkv xmc C}beodbxokd kj Pbv%ivoeodbly/ xmc dsefcv xmbx hoch od Bsyimpoxw pby7 =,111,111

Biikvhod` xk xmc Jvcdim hbol dcpyqbqcv &Lc Ekdhc& -61 Bqvol, 2?0=/7 3,111,111

Biikvhod` xk xmc ecekvobl qlbrsc kd xmc `by%imbefcv ekdsecdx bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs

-lbxcv vcekzch od 2??1 f xmc Qkloym @kzcvdecdx/7 8,111,111Biikvhod` xk xmc &ikdjcyyokd& kj Vshklj Mkcyy, xmc lbyx ikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw$ @$Z$

odxcvvk`bxokd vcikvh bdh pvoxxcd yxbxcecdx fcjkvc moy &ysoiohc&7 9,111,111

Biikvhod` xk b yxbxcecdx f _chsmb Fbscv, Hovcixkv kj xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv IkdxceqkvbvGcpv bx xmc Mcfvcp Sdozcvyox, Gcvsyblce7 2,:11,111

Biikvhod` xk &Lb Ekdhc& -2 Ycqxcefcv 2?=?/7 2,899,111

Biikvhod` xk Qvkj$ Vbsl Molfcv` -Qvkjcyykv jkv Mklkibsyx Vcycbvim, bdh bsxmkv kj xmcfkkn, &Xmc Bddomolbxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv,& 6dh$ ch$ 2?==7 2,631,111

Biikvhod` xk Qkloym moyxkvobdy, @$Z$ HQB % Vcqkvx kj Gsl 2??1 bdh ikvvcyqkdhod` qsfloi

bddksdicecdxy7 2,211,111

Biikvhod` xk @cvblh Vcoxolod`cv, bsxmkv kj &Hoc Cdhlfysd&7 =31,111

[[[[[[[[[

Od xmc bsxsed kj 2?=? xmc Ykzocx Qvcyohcdx Eonmbol @kvfbimcz kqcdch Ykzocx bvimozcy,bdh xmc qsfloi ybp jkv xmc jovyx xoec, xmc ikeqlcxc vcòyxcv kj hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw % pmoimyqcbny by b nc hkisecdx kj 08,111 hcbh$

Xmcvc pcvc, dk hksfx b ikdyohcvbflc dsefcv kj odhozohsbly pmk pcvc qsx xk hcbxm bycdceocy kj xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx$ Dczcvxmclcyy, xmc ebgkvox kj qckqlc pmk hoch od xmcikdicdxvbxokd ibeq lbfkv yyxce hoch jovyx kj dbxsvbl ibsycy bdh klh b`c, kv ycikdhl, xmc

hoch kj hycdxcv, hcmhvbxokd, xqmsy bdh kxmcv ysim hoycbycy vclbxod` xk ksv ibsych febldsxvoxokd$ Xsfcvislkyoy pby y ikdxvofsxod` jbixkv, bdh ox oy xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx pc hohdkx mbzc xmc ykqmoyxoibxch echoiodcy xmcd by pc mbzc xkhb$ Xmkyc od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqyhoch, gsyx by ebd @cvebdy, kj ebldsxvoxokd bdh hoycbyc$

Xmc odxcvdecdx ibeqy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy xmbx pcvc jollch poxm Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy ysjjcvchebd kj xmc ybec qvkflcey by xmc @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy lkyx xmcovqvkqcvx, xmcov fsyodcyycy bdh b `vcbx dsefcv kj xmce lkyx xmcov lozcy hsc xk dbxsvbl ibsycy bdhhoycbycy pmolc odxcvdch od xmc Becvoibd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$

Ox oy xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx oj xmc @cvebdy mbh fccd bflc xk fkef xmc Becvoibd jkkhysqql, pmoim sysbll ibec f vbolvkbh bdh qvczcdx xmc Becvoibdy jvke jcchod` xmc Gbqbdcyc

ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, xmc hcbxm vbxc bekd` xmc Gbqbdcyc pkslh mbzc fccd jbv `vcbxcv$



Qb`c | 99

Ox oy blyk xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx oj xmc Gbqbdcyc mbh fccd lcjx od xmcov ikeesdoxocy ox oyekvc xmbd loncl xmbx xmc pkslh mbzc jbllcd zoixoe xk vokxod` ekfy kj Becvoibdy, cyqciobllbjxcv xmc Fbxbbd hcbxm ebvim bdh xmc Gbqbdcyc esvhcvy kj xmksybdhy kj hcjcdyclcyy qvoykdcvy$

B qkll xbncd bx xmbx xoec qvkzcy xmc jbix xmbx Becvoibdy mbxch xmc Gbqbdcyc$ Xmc qkllymkpch xmbx Iblojkvdobdy pkslh mbzc zkxch 21 xk 2 b`bodyx bllkpod` xmc Gbqbdcyc od xmc ibeqy

fbin kd xmc yxvccx$ -Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp/ Vkkyczclx eb -sdpoxxod`l/ mbzcybzch ebd Gbqbdcyc lozcy f odxcvdod` xmce od xmcyc ibeqy$

Od bhhoxokd xk xmcyc jbixy, pmolc xmc Gbqbdcyc odxcvdch od Becvoibd ibeqy pcvc biisych kj ikeeoxxod` dk ivoecy bdh pcvc lc`bll cyxbfloymch ioxowcdy kj Becvoib, xmc Gcpy odxcvdch odxmc @cvebd ibeqy pcvc ikdzoixch ivoeodbly$ Xmc pcvc `solx kj esvhcv, xmcjx, bvykd, bdhybfkxb`c$ Blyk, xmc Gcpy lozod` od @cvebd pcvc xvsl jkvco`dcvy, by xmc mbh dkx fccd jsllioxowcdy kj @cvebd fcjkvc xmc pbv$ -Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp/ Pm, pmcd bikdyohcvbfl `vcbxcv odgsyxoic pby hkdc xk xmc Gbqbdcyc kj Becvoib hsvod` xmbx xoec, mbzc dkxfccd ymkpcvch poxm yeqbxm bdh ekdc; Pm bvc xmcvc dk ecekvobly xk xmcyc qckqlc, pmcdxmcvc bvc jojx Gcpoym mklkibsyx ecekvobly od Becvoib blkdc;

Pm pcvc xmc Becvoibdy dkx odhoixch jkv ivoecy b`bodyx msebdox, by xmc xkvc GbqbdcycBecvoibdy jvke xmcov mkecy bdh fsyodcyycy, czcd xmks`m xmc pcvc imbv`ch poxm dk ivoec,

gsyx by ox oy ilboech xmc @cvebdy hoh poxm xmc Gcpy; Xmc bdypcv oy xmbx xmc Gcpy bvc xcllod` locybdh qlbod` kd xmc yeqbxm kj Becvoibd xb}qbcvy fcibsyc xmc ndkp xmbx xmc bvc `cxxod`bll kj xmc o`dkvbdx qkqslbxokd xk jsdh xmc ivcbxokd kj xmc Wokdoyx yxbxc xmc yk hcyovc$ Fsx ekvcyk xmbd xmoy, xmc ndkp xmbx xmc bvc blyk nccqod` Xvsc Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy jvke yqcbnod` xmcxvsxm bfksx xmc Gcp bdh moy pby$ Dk lkd`cv ibd Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy yqcbn xmc xvsxm bfksx xmcGcp poxmksx jcbv kj qcvycisxokd, oeqvoykdecdx, kv hcbxm$

Oj xmc Becvoibd `kzcvdecdx mbh dkx odxcvdch xmc Becvoibd Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd, ox oy ekvcxmbd loncl xmbx xmcvc pkslh mbzc fccd dk Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd bx xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$

Esim xmc ybec bv`secdx esyx fc ebhc od vc`bvhy xk xmc @cvebd Gcp$ Vcycdxecdx kj xmcebxcvobloyxoi ivoeodbl Gcp mbh `bodch ysim jkvic od @cvebd xmbx xmkyc Gcpy pmk mbh dkx jlchxmc iksdxv pcvc od hbd`cv kj yyxcebxoi esvhcv f xmc @cvebd qkqslbxokd pmk, od ekyxibycy, xmc Gcp mbh qcvykdbll zoixoeowch$ Ox pby xmcvcjkvc c}qchocdx jkv xmc @cvebd`kzcvdecdx, jkv xmc ybnc kj qvkxcixod` xmc Gcp, xk qlbic xmc vcebodod` Gcpy od ikdxvkllchysvvksdhod`y, jsdhbecdxbll qvkxcixod` xmce jvke xmc @cvebdy, Qkloym, Snvbodobdqkqslbxokdy$

Od c}bixl xmc ybec pb, ox pby dcicyybv jkv xmc Becvoibd `kzcvdecdx xk odxcvd xmcBecvoibd Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd$ Xmc hojjcvcdic od xmc ksxikec eb fc yccd kdl odsdhcvyxbdhod` xmbx xmc Becvoibdy bdh Fvoxoym polljsll fkefch xmc xvbody kj @cvebd xmbx

ysqqloch esim dcchch jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc odxcvdecdx ibeq pkvncvy bdh xmcvcfcyiblbxch yxbvzbxokd, bdh xmkyc hoycbycy biikeqbdod` ymkvxb`cy kj jkkh bdh pbxcv$

Xmc vcikvh ymkpch ilcbvl xmbx ox pby xmc odxcdxokd kj xmc @cvebdy xk jcch, ilkxmc bdhmksyc xmc hcxbodccy sdxol ysim xoec by xmc ikslh fc vcqkqslbxch ybjcl xk coxmcv Ebhb`byibvkv xmc Eohhlc Cbyx$ Pmcd pc lkkn bx xmoy qcvokh kj moyxkv ox oy oeqkvxbdx xk vcecefcv xmbxMoxlcv ceqlkch bd cdxovc hozoyokd kj xmc @cvebd bve jkv xmc c}qvcyy qsvqkyc kj ikllcixod`bdh qvcycvzod` Gcpoym bdxorsoxocy hsvod` xmc pbv$

Bdh yk, xcllod` xmc xvsxm bfksx moyxkv oy b ysfgcix xmbx esyx dczcv fc yxojlch kv qvczcdxch odb lbdh xmbx yccny xk qvcycvzc oxy mcvoxb`c kj jvcchke kj yqccim$ Ox oy xmc bxmcoyxoi Gcp pmkpkslh hcyxvk xmc Ikdyxoxsxokd bdh xmc Foll kj Vo`mxy od kvhcv xk oeqkyc moy bxmcoyxoi,

ebxcvobloyxoi odybdc zblscy sqkd xmc ekhcvd pkvlh$ Xmsy, xmc Gcp mby odzcdxch, blkd` poxm moyGcpoym Ikeesdoyx fvkxmcvy, xmc flbxbdx loc xmbx : eollokd mklkibsyx zoixoey pcvc Gcpy$



Qb`c | 98

Ekvckzcv, mc mby sych xmoy loc xk ivcbxc b Gcpoym myxcvob vc`bvhod` xmc Dbxokdbl Ykiobloyx`kzcvdecdx kj @cvebd, pmoim oy fbych kd mblj%xvsxmy bdh xmc Wokdoyxoi Gcpoym myxcvoiblqkodx kj zocp$

Xmc xvb`ch oy xmbx Pmoxc Becvoibdy, pmkyc bveocy bdh dbxokdy vcyisch xmc Gcp jkve moyCsvkqcbd jbxc, bvc dkp xmc kdcy fcod` imbv`ch poxm mbxc ivoecy oj xmc hbvc xk yqcbn xmc

kfgcixozc xvsxm od xmcov kpd iksdxv$

Xmc Gcp pkslh mbzc ox fc b ivoec xk czcd hbvc xk hoyb`vcc poxm xmc Gcp, vc`bvhlcyy kj kdc'ydbxokdblox$ Pmcdczcv Becvoibdy bvc xklh xmbx xmc ibddkx mklh hoyycdxod` kqodokdy poxmpkvlh Gcpv, xmcd jvcchke kj yqccim bdh jvcchke kj xmks`mx mby icbych xk c}oyx od xmc &lbdhkj xmc jvcc$&

Pmolc ox oy qkyyoflc xk lbecdx bdh jccl ykvv jkv xmc eollokdy kj Becvoibdy pmk ybivojoichbdh hoch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO, bdh ox oy czcd qkyyoflc xk mbzc xmc ybec yeqbxm jkv xmceollokdy kj Vsyyobdy bdh @cvebdy, xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc Becvoibd qckqlc xk kdl c}cvioycqox bdh ceqbxm jkv xmc Gcpy pmk ysiisefch xk hycdxcv bdh ebldsxvoxokd$

Xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc Pmoxc Ebd xk jkv`cx bfksx bll xmc Becvoibdy yklhcvy pmk hochjo`mxod` xmc @cvebdy bdh Gbqbdcyc bdh pmk dkp lb od msdhvchy kj `vbzcbvhy kd jkvco`dykol$ Xmc Gcpy pkslh lonc xk ikdxodsc qvcycdxod` b moyxkvoibll odbiisvbxc zocp kj Pkvlh PbvOO, yk xmbx xmc eo`mx vcbq b qvcycdx qkloxoibl bhzbdxb`c od ebdoqslbxod` qsfloi kqodokd xkikdxodsc xbnod` jvke xmc Becvoibd xb} qbcvy follokdy kj hkllbvy jkv Oyvbcl$ Lcx sy byysec xmbx9$3 eollokd Gcpy hoh hoc kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd bx xmc mbdhy kj xmc @cvebdy$ Pmbx oy xmbxikeqbvch xk xmc xcdy kj eollokdy kj Snvbodobd Vsyyobdy pmk hoch bx xmc jocdhoym mbdhy kj Yxblod bdh moy fvkxmcv Gcpy;

Xmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib ioxcy xmbx Yxblod jkvich 63,111,111 mksycmklhy kj Vsyyobdqcbybdxy xk ekzc kdxk ikllcixozc jbvey$ Xmkyc pmk vcyoyxch pcvc ikllcixch, ymkx, bxxbinch,c}olch, kv qlbich od Vsyyobd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Xmoy yyxce, ibllch ikllcixozoye, blykvcyslxch od b `vcbx jbeodc od xmc Snvbodc$

Blxmks`m Yxblod mbh qvkzoyokdy mc ikslh mbzc ycdx xmcvc, mc odyxcbh hciohch xk c}qkvx xmce$Xmc Fvoxbddoib ilboey xmbx 21,111,111 qcvoymch sdhcv xmc yyxce kj ikllcixozoye, mkpczcv xmcdsefcvy ymkp xmbx xmc hcbxm xkll kzcv Yxblod'y xkxbl vcòec vod`y ilkycv xk 2=,111,111$ Xkhb,ebyy `vbzcy od Vsyyob bvc yxoll sdikzcvch ekdxml, bdh cx, dk ebyy `vbzcy bvc fcod`hoyikzcvch od @cvebd$

Ymkslh pc dkx mbzc b Vsyyobd Mklkibsyx ecekvobl od Pbymod`xkd, H$I$ xk vcecefcv xmceollokdy kj Snvbodobdy yxbvzch xk hcbxm f Yxblod bdh moy fvkxmcv Gcpy; Pmcd bynch mkpebd Gcpy hoch od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, blekyx czcvkdc poll òzc xmc dsefcv : eollokd,

czcd xmks`m ekyx moyxkvobdy bindkplch`c xmoy xk fc b jbfvoibxch dsefcv$ Mkp ebd ibd xcllks xmc dsefcv kj Snvbodobdy xmbx qcvoymch kv xmc dsefcv kj @cvebdy, kv czcd xmc dsefcv kj Becvoibd yklhocvy xmbx hoch od xmc pbv;

Xmcvc bvc eollokdy kj Becvoibdy pmk rscyxokdch pm Becvoibd xb} qbcvy' ekdc ymkslhfc sych xk fsolh b mklkibsyx ecekvobl kd Becvoibd ykol$ Xmc bdypcv ikecy fbin xmbx pcymkslh dczcv jkv`cx xmc xvb`chocy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ F xmbx xmc ecbd xmc hcbxm kj ykec Gcpy$Oj pc bvc lkknod` xk ikeecekvbxc ibycy kj polljsl `cdkiohc, xmcd xmcvc oy dk ekvc kj b ilcbvibyc kj polljsl `cdkiohc xmbd Yxblod'y yxbvzbxokd kj eollokdy kj Snvbodobdy$ Kv ekvc vcicdxl,Qbkl qkx'y esvhcvy kj eollokdy kj Ibefkhobdy$

Pc bvc jkvich xk byn,



Qb`c | 93

&Pm oy xmcvc ysim yqciobl xvcbxecdx jkv bd bxmcoyxoi, ebxcvobloyxoi qckqlc pmk bvc yclj%qvkjcyych Imvoyx%mbxod` Bdxoimvoyxy bdh pmk mbzc hkdc loxxlc ekvc od moyxkv xmbd bix byqbvbyoxcy b`bodyx xmc mkyx dbxokdy pmcvc xmc mbzc lozch;―

&Xmc Gcpy by ksxibyxy7 Gcpy mbzc fccd b pkdhcvod` qckqlc jvke xmc xoec kj xmc fcòddod`$Moyxkv oy jollch poxm qcvceqxkv choixy, c}qcllod` Gcpy jvke pmcvc xmc mbh ebhc xmcov

mkecy$ Bx xoecy xmc choixy pcvc xmc vcyslx kj xvseqch sq imbv`cy b`bodyx xmc Gcpy kv Gshboye,bdh lbxcv qvkzch xk fc jblyc$

“Bx kxmcv xoecy xmc pcvc xmc ikdycrscdic kj cikdkeoi yoxsbxokd, pmoim xmc bsxmkvoxocyfcloczch pkslh fc oeqvkzch oj xmc Gcpy pcvc vcekzch$ Blekyx blpby xmc fbdhy pcvc kdlxceqkvbv by fclkp$ Xmc isleodbxc oeqbix kd xmc qyimoi kd xmc Gcpoym qckqlc mkpczcv, mbyfccd xvbsebxoi$ Bdh eb zcv pcll fc odhcloflc$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy b loyx, jbv jvke ikeqlcxc$MBVHL_ B EBGKV GCPOYM IKEESDOX_ MBY DKX FCCD C]QCLLCH F_ OXYMKYX IKSDXV_$ Kdl xk fc lcx fbin od b`bod, lbxcv xk fc c}qcllch kdic ekvc$& -GcpoymBlebdbi 2?=2, q$ 260/

Ykec o`dkvbdx bdh dbozc qcvykd eb yqcbn xmc Gcpoym lodc xmbx xmc, xmc Gcpy, bvc @kh'yImkycd Qckqlc$ Fsx XMOY XKK OY B GCPOYM E_XM, QCVQCXVBXCH F_ XMCBXMCOYXOI GCPY JKV QKLOXOIBL BHZBDXB@C$ Xmc Imvoyxobd Yivoqxsvc hcilbvcyxmbx ox oy xmc Xvsc Oyvbcloxc Qckqlc pmk bvc xmc Imkycd Qckqlc kj Bleo`mx @kh$

Hkcy dkx xmc Foflc hcilbvc xmc Gcpy bvc @kh‟y imkycd qckqlc;

Xmc bdypcv xk fkxm oy, ceqmbxoibll DK" Bdh xmc Fofloibl ecyyb`c kj _bmpcm qvkzc ox$Bd moyxkvobd ndkpy xmc bvc dkx @kh‟y imkycd qckqlc, XMC_ BVC DKX KJ OYVBCLOXCC]XVBIXOKD, bdh xmc Foflc ycxy jkvxm od qlbod Cd`loym xmbx Gcpv oy xmc loxcvbl mksycmklhkj xmc Hczol$ Od 2?61, Hv$ Kyibv Lcz, b Gcp od Cd`lbdh yxbxch od xmc qvcjbic kj xmc fkkn,“Xmc Pkvlh Yo`dojoibdic kj xmc Vsyyobd Vczklsxokd7―

“Bvc dkx xmc Gcpy xmc odzcdxkvy kj xmc ”Imkycd Qckqlc Exm;‟ Xmc xmckv kj mcll fcod` odxmc dcxmcv vcòkdy kj xmc cbvxm, kv bd kxmcv qlbic, pmcvc xmc Hczol vcyohcy xk fsvd msebdYksly bjxcv hcbxm kj xmc fkh OY GCPOYM, bdh xmc kfxbodch ox jvke xmcov bdicyxvbl Hczol%`kh,Dcv`bl%Ymbv%Sysv, b ykd kj nod` Dcfsimbhdcwwbv OO kj Fbflkd,― pmoim pby yloqqch kzcv xmcmcbh kj Pmoxc Csvkqcbd Imvoyxcdhke od kvhcv xk hcicozc sy poxm xmc loc yk pc pkslh dkx yccxmc xvsxm xmbx Gcpv oy Ybxbdoi$

Xmc Yivoqxsvcy ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc Gcpy bvc dkx xk fc bllkpch odxk ksv mksycmklh$ Xmkycpmk yqcbn jbzkvbfl kj xmc Gcpy bvc qbvxoioqbxod` od xmcov czol kj hcdod` Imvoyx by xmc Ykd kj @kh$ Bdh Gcysy Moeyclj mby blvcbh hcdoch xmc Gcpy xk fc xmc Jbxmcv jkv Mc yboh7

&Fsx pmkczcv poll hcd ec fcjkvc ecd, O blyk poll hcd Moe fcjkvc e Jbxmcv Pmk oy od

mcbzcd$& -Ebxxmcp 21799 BYX/

Xmoy blyk odilshcy xmkyc pmk qbvxoioqbxc od xmcov czol kj hcdod` Imvoyx$ Ox oy zcv yxvbd`cxmbx pmcd pc xsvd xk ksv Foflcy, pc fcòd xk `cx bd cdxovcl hojjcvcdx qcvicqxokd kj pkvlhqkloxoiy xmbd pmbx pc bvc vcicozod` jvke ksv xclczoyokd ycxy$

Oj odhcch 9$3 eollokd bxmcoyxoi, Imvoyx%mbxod` Gcpy mbh fccd yyxcebxoibll esvhcvch f xmcDbwoy, bdh pc vceodh ks xmbx xmoy f dk ecbdy mby fccd qvkzcd xk fc xmc ibyc, pkslh xmbxodhcch fc yk `vcbx b ivoec b`bodyx ebdnodh by pby xmc Gcpy esvhcvod` xmc Lkvh Gcysy Imvoyx;

Pmoim kj xmc xpk pby oddkicdx bdh sdpkvxm kj hcbxm; Xmc 9$3 eollokd Gcpy, kv xmc Lbefkj @kh, Pmk pby oddkicdx bdh poxmksx b yqkx kv pvodnlc; Xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc hcicozch

Imvoyxobd xk fcloczc xmbx xmc flkkh kj Imvoyx oy pkvxmlcyy bdh ecbdod`lcyy pmcd ikeqbvch xkxmc flkkh kj bd bxmcoyxoi Gcp$ Fsx xmc xvsxm, oy, oj bll xmc Gcpy bdh `qyocy bdh @kh%mbxod`



Qb`c | 9:

Ikeesdoyxy, qsx xk`cxmcv, pcvc ybivojoich sqkd ykec qb`bd blxcv, bll xmcov flkkh xk`cxmcvikslh dkx hk pmbx kdc hvkq kj xmc oddkicdx flkkh kj Imvoyx ibd hk$ Od kxmcv pkvhy, xmcvc oy dkikeqbvoykd fcxpccd xmc flkkh kj b follokd Imvoyx%mbxod` Gcpy bdh xmc flkkh kj Gcysy Imvoyx$ Odekyx ibycy xmc @kh%mbxod` pvcximcy vcbqch pmbx xmc mbh ykpd sqkd bdh b`bodyx PmoxcImvoyxobd Dbxokdy$

Xmc Foflc hkcy dkx xcbim Pmoxc Imvoyxobd ecd bdh pkecd xk jccl ykvv jkv xmc `solx, fsxkdl xk mbzc qox jkv xmc oddkicdx$ Bdxmod` clyc oy b flbxbdx eoyibvvob`c bdh qcvzcvyokd kj xmczcv ecbdod` kj gsyxoic$ Xmsy, ox esyx fc yboh xmbx xkk ebd Imvoyxobdy mbzc xbncd xmcov ccykjj xmc flkkh ybivojoic kj Iblzbv, bdh xmc mbzc bllkpch xmc bxmcoyxoi, Xbleshoi bdh WokdoyxoiGcp xk ebdoqslbxc xmcov jcclod`y kj ikeqbyyokd bdh qox bpb jkve xmc Ykd kj @kh, bdh xkodzcyx xmbx qox od xmc cdceocy kj @kh$

Od 2?9: b yqccim fcjkvc xmc Vkbl Ikeeoyyokd od Gcvsyblce, Imboe Pcowebdd, qvcyohcdxkj xmc Pkvlh Wokdoyx Kv`bdowbxokd bdh Gcpoym B`cdi kj lkd` cbvy‟ yxbdhod`, 2?8= jovyxQvcyohcdx kj xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl, hcjodch xmc “Yo} Eollokd― by b yefkloi jo`svc jkv xmc Gcpoymjbxc$ -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$ Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc,

Fcvlod 2?90/

“Xmc pkvlh oy xbioxsvd, bdh ox pby kdl vcicdxl xmbx pc mcbvh xmc Qkloym Jkvco`d Eodoyxcv,Ikl$ Fcin, yb od ebd odxcvzocpy od @cdczb bdh od moy kpd iksdxv bdh od Fcvlod xmbx xmcvcpcvc kdc eollokd Gcpy xkk ebd od Qklbdh$$$

“O hk dkx poym xk hpcll kd xmoy ysfgcix bd lkd`cv$ O be dkx `kod` xk cd`b`c xmcIkeeoyyokd‟y xoec ekvc xmbd dcicyybv od kvhcv xk hcyivofc pmbx oy `kod` kd od @cvebd$ Oxoy xkk pcll ndkpd xmbx O pkslh mbzc xk `k odxk ekvc qvcioyc hcxboly$ Xmoy oy xmc yoxsbxokd kj vks`ml 9,:11,111 Gcpy$ Gsyx kzcv xmvcc eollokd kj xmce bvc lozod` od Qklbdh, :11,111 pcvclozod` od @cvebd od 2?96, fsx xmoy jo`svc mby hcivcbych yodic$

“Oj pc `k kd bdh xbnc xmc Gcpy kj Vksebdob, Loxmsbdob bdh Bsyxvob odxk ikdyohcvbxokd,xmcd pc mbzc qvbixoibll xmc ybec qoixsvc, bdh ox oy xmcvcjkvc dk c}b``cvbxokd bx bll pmcd O ybxmbx xkhb yo} eollokd> O be dkx xblnod` bfksx xmc Gcpy od Qcvyob bdh Ebvkiik bdh od ysimiksdxvocy pmoim ibd kdl òzc zcv sdicvxbod odjkvebxokd bdh bfksx pmoim zcv loxxlc oy mcbvhdkpbhby, xmbx od xmoy qbvx kj xmc pkvlh yo} eollokd Gcpy bvc ikdhcedch xk fc ivkphch odqlbicy pmcvc xmc bvc dkx pbdxch, msebd fcod`y jkv pmke xmc pkvlh oy hozohch odxk iksdxvocyod pmoim xmc ibddkx lozc bdh iksdxvocy pmoim xmc bvc dkx bllkpch xk cdxcv$

“Gsyx kdc pkvh bfksx Vsyyob7 Xmcvc bvc bvksdh xmvcc eollokd Gcpy od Vsyyob$ Pc mbzc kdlzcv loxxlc ikdxbix poxm xmce$ Vsyyob oy bx qvcycdx b ilkych iksdxv$ Xmc yoxsbxokd xmcvc mby, Oxmodn, ebxcvobll oeqvkzch, dbecl hsc xk xmc jbix xmbx ebd qckqlc pmk ikslh dkx fcodikvqkvbxch odxk Vsyyob‟y qvcycdx ykiocx bvc bfksx xk hoybqqcbv$$$― -Imboe Pcowebdd,

“Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$ Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc, Fcvlod 2?90, qb`c 606/

“Fsx od xmc ecbdod` od pmoim xmc xcve Gcpv oy sdhcvyxkkh f sy, ox oy hoybqqcbvod` odVsyyob$ Wokdoye oy dkx bllkpch od Vsyyob, ox oy vc`bvhch by b iksdxcv%vczklsxokdbv ekzcecdx,b yxkk`c kj Fvoxoym oeqcvobloye$ Jvke xoec xk xoec b Wokdoyx cyibqcy jvke Vsyyob> ksd`cvqckqlc, bdh xmc Ikeeoyyokd poll qcvmbqy mbzc kiibyokd xk ycc yczcvbl `vksqy kj xmcyc ksd`Vsyyobd ecd bdh pkecd pmk ebdb`ch xk cyibqc jvke Vsyyob sdhcv `vcbx ybivojoicy bdh bxxmc voyn kj xmcov lozcy$ Fsx b vc`slbv ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy jvke Vsyyob xk Qblcyxodc hkcy dkxc}oyx$

“Poxm `vcbx cjjkvx pc ysiicchch od `cxxod` kdc xmksybdh kv xpclzc msdhvch Wokdoyxjbeolocy ksx kj Vsyyob, pmk mbh fccd bvvcyxch xmcvc bdh pcvc odibvicvbxch od Yofcvob qvoykdy$

Pc ikdxodsc xk bxxceqx sdhcv cdkveksy hojjoislxocy xk `cx xmce ksx bdh odxk Qblcyxodc, fsx odvcblox b Vsyyobd Gcpv by qbvx kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpv hkcy dkx c}oyx$$$



Qb`c | 90

“Xmc yo} eollokd pmke O ecdxokdch fcjkvc, bvc ikdhcedch xk lozc jvke mbdh xk eksxm>xmc hk dkx ndkp xkhb pmbx poll mbqqcd xkekvvkp, O be dkx xblnod` bfksx kv`bdowch bdxo%Yceoxoye bdh poll byysec jkv b ekecdx xmbx ekyx iksdxvocy bvc fcmbzod` rsoxc beoibfl, fsxxmcvc bvc b dsefcv kj kfgcixozc vcbykdy, qsvcl kfgcixozc vcbykdy, lcbhod` xk b yoxsbxokd odxmkyc qbvxy kj xmc pkvlh pmcvc xmc Gcpoym ikeesdox oy ivsymch bdh xmc Gcpy bvc ebhc xmc

jlkxybe kj xmc pkvlh, pmcvc xmc bvc cikdkeoibll `vksdh xk hsyx$“Pmcd ybod` xmoy xk ks, O hk dkx poym xk odzklzc ksv cekxokdy, fsx xmcyc xmod`y bvc dkx

pohcl ndkpd$ Blxmks`m ox oy ikeekd ndkplch`c xmbx xmc yoxsbxokd kj xmc Gcpy oy dkx b zcvmbqq kdc$ O xmodn xmbx xmc vcbl ioviseyxbdicy bvc dkx sdhcvyxkkh> xmoy oy pm O mbzc xbncd xmclofcvx xk hpcll b loxxlc ekvc ikeqvcmcdyozcl kd xmoy ysfgcix$ Xmoy odzklzcy, bjxcv bll, xmc jbxckj yo} eollokd msebd fcod`y$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc, Fcvlod 2?90, qb`c 608/

Kd Bs`syx 63, 2?9?> fcjkvc xmc ikeecdicecdx kj xmc pbv, xmc ybec ebd mbdhch kzcv xkxmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx xmc eoloxbv hcilbvbxokd kj pbv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy kd@cvebd$ Od moy kpd pkvhy xmoy yksdhch ykecpmbx ekvc ysfxlc by jkllkpy7

“O xkkn ox sqkd eyclj xk ikdzc xk xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx od pvoxod` bdh zcvfbll xmcvcyklsxokd kj esxsbl byyoyxbdic qbyych f xmc @cdczb ikdjcvcdic$$$― -Imboe Pcowebdd,“Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl― Wüvoim 2?39/

Pmcd pbv fc`bd od 2?9?, mc mbh b ikdzcvybxokd poxm Podyxkd Imsvimoll7

“Mc vcicozch ec dkx kdl ikvhobll, fsx mc pby blyk jsll kj ikdjohcdic poxm vcyqcix xk xmcpbv$ Moy jovyx pkvhy, bjxcv mc pclikech ec, pcvc bfksx by jkllkpy7 ”Pcll, Hv$ Pcowebdd, pcmbzc by `kkh by fcbxcd xmce blvcbh$‟

“O pby dkx rsoxc kj xmc ybec kqodokd bx xmc xoec, fsx O hoh dkx yb yk$ O gsyx imbd`ch xmcysfgcix, yqknc bfksx ksv kpd bjjbovy bdh xmbdnch moe jkv moy ikdyxbdx ysqqkvx jkv xmc Wokdoyx

iksvyc$ ”_ks pcvc yxbdhod` bx xmc ivbhlc kj xmoy cdxcvqvoyc,‟ O yboh xk moe, ”bdh mkqcjsll kspoll lozc xk ycc xmbx pc mbzc ysiicchch$‟ Bhhod` xmbx bjxcv xmc pbv pc pkslh fsolh sq b yxbxckj xmvcc xk jksv eollokd Gcpy od Qblcyxodc, pmcvcsqkd mc oeqloch7 ”_cy, `k bmcbh, O be jsll odb`vccecdx poxm xmoy ohcb$‟ -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl―Wüvoim 2?39, q$ :22/

Bfksx Dkzcefcv, 2?83, mc yboh7

“Xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx vcjsych xk fcloczc xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd nollch odCsvkqc$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl― Wüvoim 2?39, q:86/ Bdh xmoy pby od Dkzcefcv 2?83"

Xmoy pby xmc jovyx xoec od moy zklseodksy “ecekovy― xmbx mc c}qvcyych moeyclj kd xmcysfgcix kj “c}xcveodbxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv f Moxlcv%@cvebd$― Gsyx by od xmc ecekov%zklsecy kj Dbmse @klhebdd, xmc qvcyohcdx kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy bdh kj xmcBecvoibd ycixokd kj xmc Gcpoym B`cdi kj lkd` cbvy‟ yxbdhod` xmcvc oy blyk dkxmod` bx bll kdxmc yk%ibllch “Mklkibsyx― by od Imboe Pcowebdd‟y fkkn, dkxmod` bfksx pmbx xmc Gcpoympkvlh kv`bdowbxokdy mbh lcbvdch hsvod` xmc pbv bdh mkp xmc mbh vcbixch kd xmbx odjkvebxokd$Yxoll od Dkzcefcv 2?83, xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx hoh dkx ndkp bdxmod` bfksx xmoy coxmcv$

Kdl lbxcv kd ox pby ikdyohcvch dcicyybv od xcvey kj qkpcv qkloxoiy xk gkod xmc imkvsy kj xmc kxmcv bòxbxkvy kv bx lcbyx dkx xk ikdxvbhoix xmce$ Xmoy xkxbl yolcdic kd xmc qbvx kj xmc xpkhcioyozc vcqvcycdxbxozcy kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv od xmcov ecekovy ikdicvdod` xmc ksxvb`cksybiisybxokdy vboych b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc oy mo`ml oeqkvxbdx czohcdic od xcvey kj pkvlh

moyxkv"



Qb`c | 9=

Xmc Becvoibd Mcfvcp

Kixkfcv 92, 2?2?

Xmc Ivsiojo}okd kj Gcpy Esyx Yxkq" F EBVXOD M$ @L_DD

-Jkvecv @kzcvdkv kj xmc Yxbxc kj D$_$/

“Jvke bivkyy xmc ycb yo} eollokd ecd bdh pkecd ibll xk sy jkv mclq, bdh co`mx msdhvchxmksybdh loxxlc imolhvcd iv jkv fvcbh$ Xmcyc imolhvcd, xmcyc ecd bdh pkecd bvc ksv jcllkp%ecefcvy kj xmc msebd jbeol, poxm xmc ybec ilboe kd lojc by pc, xmc ybec ysyicqxofolox xkxmc podxcv'y iklh, xmc ybec qvkqcdyox xk hcbxm fcjkvc xmc qbd`y kj msd`cv$ Poxmod xmce vcyohcxmc olloeoxbflc qkyyofoloxocy jkv xmc bhzbdicecdx kj xmc msebd vbic by dbxsvbll pkslh vcyohc odyo} eollokd msebd fcod`y$ Pc eb dkx fc xmcov nccqcvy fsx pc ks`mx xk fc xmcov mclqcvy$

“Od xmc jbic kj hcbxm, od xmc xmvkcy kj yxbvzbxokd xmcvc oy dk qlbic jkv ecdxbl hoyxodixokdy kj

ivcch, dk qlbic jkv qmyoibl hojjcvcdxobxokdy kj vbic$ Od xmoy ibxbyxvkqmc, pmcd YO] EOLLOKDFCOD@Y BVC FCOD@ PMOVLCH XKPBVH XMC @VBZC f b ivscl bdh vclcdxlcyyjbxc, kdl xmc ekyx ohcbloyxoi qvkeqxod`y kj msebd dbxsvc ymkslh ypb xmc mcbvx bdh ekzc xmcmbdh$

“YO] EOLLOKD ECD BDH PKECD BVC H_OD@ jvke lbin kj xmc dcicyybvocy kj lojc> co`mx msdhvch xmksybdh imolhvcd iv jkv fvcbh$ Bdh xmoy jbxc oy sqkd xmce xmvks`m dkjbslx kj xmcov kpd, xmvks`m dk xvbdy`vcyyokd kj xmc lbpy kj @kh kv ebd> fsx xmvks`m xmc bpjslxvbdd kj pbv bdh b fo`kxch lsyx jkv Gcpoym flkkh$

“Od xmoy xmvcbxcdch MKLKIBSYX kj msebd lojc$$$―

Xmc Gcpy bheox xmbx xmc bvc dkx xmc hcyicdhbdxy kj xmc Bdiocdx Oyvbcloxcy od xmcov pvoxod`y$Sdhcv xmc mcbhod` kj &B fvocj Moyxkv kj xmc Xcvey jkv Gcp& od xmc 2?=1 Gcpoym Blebdbi

oy xmc jkllkpod`7 &YXVOIXL_ YQCBNOD@ OX OY ODIKVVCIX XK IBLL BDBDIOCDX OYVBCLOXC B ”GCP‟ KV XK IBLL B IKDXCEQKVBV_ GCP BDOYVBCLOXC KV B MCFVCP$& -2?=1 Gcpoym Blebdbi, q$ 9/$

Xmc Ekyx Hcfbxch Rscyxokd kj Ksv Xoec %%

Pby Xmcvc Vcbll B Mklkibsyx;

F Hv$ C$ V$ Joclhy

&Yodic xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, Gcpy mbzc fccd xvcbxch poxm yoln `lkzcy$ PoxmksxBsyimpoxw, xmcvc pkslh fc dk Oyvbcl$& -f Dbxmbd @klhebdd, xmc Jksdhcv kj Oyvbcl by rskxchjvke Qbvoy Ebxim, Hcicefcv 6?, 2?0?/

Xmc &Mklkibsyx& mby òzcd Oyvbcl b xvcecdhksy qyimklkòibl bhzbdxb`c kzcv xmc @cdxolcpkvlh, qbvxoislbvl Becvoib bdh @cvebd$ F c}qlkoxod` xmc `solx ikeqlc} odyxollch oddkd%Gcpy, xmc mbzc kfxbodch7

Kzcv (:3 follokd od boh jvke @cvebd$ Kzcv (33 follokd od boh jvke Becvoib$ Oyvbcl, bqvkyqcvksy iksdxv, vcicozcy (9$6 follokd, -kv (= eollokd b hb/ od jkvco`d boh % ekvc xmbd bd

kxmcv iksdxv$



Qb`c | 9?

Xmc 83,111 Gcpoym oeeo`vbdxy jvke Vsyyob mbzc xmc mo`mcyx bddsbl rskxb bjxcv Ec}oik$Xmc cdxcv by &vcjs`ccy& poxmksx mbzod` xk qvkzc qcvycisxokd" By &vcjs`ccy& xmc bvcbsxkebxoibll cdxoxlch xk jsll pcljbvc fcdcjoxy dkx ysfgcix xk pcljbvc vcjkve isxy$

Dkdyxkq mklkibsyx fvbodpbymod` od yimkkly, XZ, ekzocy bdh fkkny mby qlbich Oyvbcl bdhkv`bdowch Gcpv bfkzc ivoxoioye"

Kjjoiobl Mklkibsyx Jo`svcy Vchsich

Oeechobxcl bjxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO, Blloch bsxmkvoxocy hcilbvch xmbx &Gcpy mbh fccd `byych& odbll @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Ox lbxcv hoyikzcvch xmbx xmc ebd fkhocy qmkxk`vbqmch od xmcibeqy hoch hsvod` xmc pbdod` hby kj xmc pbv> jvke xqmsy, iklh bdh yxbvzbxokd$

Yoekd Pocycdxmbl, kj xmc &Mklkibsyx Icdxcv& od Lky Bd`clcy, yxbxch od Fkkny bdhFkknecd, Bqvol 2?03, qb`c 3,

&DK @BYYOD@ XKKN QLBIC OD BD_ IBEQ KD @CVEBD YKOL$&

Xmc Gcp L$Q$ Fcvob mcbhch xmc Ykzocx DNZH ycivcx qkloic jvke 2?9= xk 2?39$ Od 2?83, mcbddksdich xmbx xmc mbh hoyikzcvch b &mklkibsyx& kj yo} eollokd Gcpy$ Xmoy ikdzcdocdxlkiisvvch kdl od ibeqy od Qklbdh" Fcvob pkslh dkx bllkp bd ksxyohc odzcyxo`bxkvy xk c}beodcxmcyc yoxcy$

Xmc Gcpoym%kpdch Dcp _kvn Xoecy vcqkvxch od 2?83 xmbx Ykzocx Vsyyob ysqqloch xmcjo`svc kj jksv eollokd Gcpy mbzod` fccd qsx xk hcbxm, &od xmc `by imbefcvy kj Bsyimpoxw$&

Mkpczcv, od Gsl kj 2??1, xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx vchsich xmoy jo`svc xk 2$2 eollokd bdh oxpby biicqxch f Gcpoym `vksqy$ Hcyqoxc xmoy czohcdic, xmc &kjjoiobl jo`svc& kj yo} eollokd hcbh

pby dkx lkpcvch xk xmvcc eollokd" -Ox ymkslh blyk fc dkxch xmbx Clowbfcxm Hklc, qvcyohcdx kj xmcBecvoibd Vch Ivkyy, bdh pojc kj jkvecv Ycd$ Fkf Hklc, vczcblch xmbx xmc kjjoiobl hcbxmvcikvhy jvke Bsyimpoxw mbh fccd sdikzcvch od xmc Ykzocx Bvimozcy$ Ox loyxch 01,111 hcbxmyjvke bll ibsycy$/

Dk Mklkibsyx Kvhcv Czcv @ozcd

Xmc @cvebdy bvc dkxch jkv fcod` ecxoislksy vcikvh nccqcvy$ Xmcvc pby dk bxxceqx ebhc xkhcyxvk pbvxoec vcikvhy, 2,211 xkdy kj pmoim pcvc ycowch od xmc S$Y$ Wkdc kj kiisqbxokd

blkdc$ Fvoxoym Moyxkvobd, Iklod Ivkyy, pvoxcy od moy fok`vbqm kj Moxlcv, kd qb`c 9297 &Xmcvchkcy dkx c}oyx xmcd, bdxmod` lonc b pvoxxcd kvhcv yo`dch f Moxlcv jkv xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj xmcGcpy od Csvkqc$&

Ebhb`byibv oy b zbyx oylbdh kjj xmc ikbyx kj Bjvoib od xmc Odhobd Kicbd, xmcd kpdch fJvbdic$ Xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj @cvebd hkisecdxy mbzc fccd lkibxch qvkzohod` b xmkvks`myxsh kj xmc jcbyofolox kj cyxbfloymod` b Gcpoym mkeclbdh kd xmc oylbdh kj Ebhb`byibv$

Qlbdy pcvc ebhc jkv xmc vcoefsvycecdx kj xmc 63,111 Jvcdim ioxowcdy pmk lozch xmcvc$Czcd xmc `kzcvdecdx kj Jvbdic yxshoch xmc qlbd$ Xmckhkvc Mcvwl, xmc jksdhcv kj Wokdoye,ikdyohcvch Ebhb`byibv b qkyyoflc yoxc jkv b Gcpoym yxbxc$ Mc blyk ikdyohcvch Ncdb, Bjvoib,xmc Yodbo jvke xmc Yscw Ibdbl xk xmc @bwb Yxvoq, bdh b ms`c bvcb od yksxmcvd Qklbdh, fsx xmc

vcbll pbdxch Qblcyxodc$



Qb`c | 81

Xmc @cvebd Jkvco`d Eodoyxv kd Gbdsbv 63, 2?9? oyysch b hkisecdx kd xmc yklsxokd xkxmc Gcpoym qvkflce pmoim yxbxch7 &Xmc cdh qkloi od vc`bvh xk xmc Gcpy oy xmc ceo`vbxokd kj bll Gcpy lozod` od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc Klh Vcoim$&

Od Bsyimpoxw Dkxcfkkny, pc vcbh xmbx bll kj xmc xkq @cvebd lcbhcvymoq ysqqkvxch xmoy qlbd$&Kd Dkzcefcv 26, 2?9=, @kvod` mbh ecdxokdch xmc rscyxokd kj Ebhb`byibv$ Moeelcv

moeyclj mbh hvcbech kj xmbx yodic 2?98, b poxdcyy byysvcy sy$ Bjxcv xmc bveoyxoic kj Gsdc 2?81-ysvvcdhcv kj Jvbdic/, xmc ohcb pby qvkqksdhch f xmc Jkvco`d Eodoyxv bdh bqqvkzch fMoeelcv by pcll by f Moxlcv moeyclj$&

Jkv xmcyc vcbykdy YY kjjoiobl Vcodmbvh Mchvoim kv`bdowch xmc Icdxvbl Kjjoic jkv GcpoymCeo`vbxokd kd Jcfvsbv 22, 2?9?$ Kdic xmc pbv fc`bd, xmoy pby dk lkd`cv qkyyoflc$ XmsyMoxlcv kvhcvch xmc odxcvdecdx kj Gcpy by cdce blocdy bdh hcqkvxch xmce xk xmc cbyx$ KdGbdsbv 60, 2?86, Moxlcv yboh7

&Xmc Gcpy esyx lcbzc Csvkqc$ Xmc fcyx xmod` oy xmbx xmc `k xk Vsyyob$&

Vkkyczclx hoh xmc ybec xmod` by Moxlcv f kvhcvod` 261,111 Becvoibdy kj Gbqbdcyc hcyicdx

lozod` kd xmc Pcyx Ikbyx odxcvdch od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Od Ebvim 2?86 Vkkyczclx biisychxmce kj fcod` &ycisvox voyny$& Xmc Gbqbdcyc ecd, pkecd bdh imolhvcd pcvc oeqvoykdchfcmodh fbvfch povc jcdicy bdh bvech `sbvh xkpcvy od xmc flbwod` mkx hcycvx$

Xmc Dsvcefcv` Pbv Ivoecy Xvobl mcbvh xcyxoekd jvke Mbdy Lbeecvy by xk pmbx mcikdyohcvch xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd kj Xmc Gcpoym Qvkflce$& Lbeecvy pby Imocj kj xmc VcoimImbdicllcv bdh qcvykdbll ilkyc xk Moeelcv bdh Moxlcv$ Lbeecvy yboh mc bynch Moeelcvpmbx pby xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Moeelcv vcqloch7

&Xmc Gcpy esyx fc czbisbxch jvke @cvebd"&

Mc yboh xmbx Moxlcv xklh moe xmc ybec xmod`$ Od kxmcv pkvhy, &Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd& pby %%ceo`vbxokd"

Pmcd bynch, &pmcd hoh ks jovyx lcbvd xmbx jozc eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd c}xcveodbxch,&Lbeecvy vcqloch xmbx ox pby &mcvc& bx xmc Dsvcefcv` xvobly" Mcvebd @kvod` blyk xklh xmc iksvxxmbx xmc jovyx xoec mc mbh mcbvh bdxmod` bfksx b mklkibsyx pby, &vo`mx mcvc bx Dsvcefcv`"&

Bsyimpoxw pby b ebyyozc eoloxbv%odhsyxvobl ikeqlc} kj 9? ibeqy kj pmoim 2? ebodlceqlkch Gcpy$ Xmc jbixkvocy bx xmc &Ekdkpoxw Dk$ 2: Ibeq& blkdc ceqlkch 26:,111pkvncvy$ Mklkibsyx c}qcvx, Lckd Qklobnkz kj Qbvoy, od Fvczobv kj Mbxc, qb`c 298, od 2?0?pvkxc xmbx xmc Gcpoym Pbvybp @mcxxk pby kdc kj xmc @cvebdy' &ekyx oeqkvxbdx ysqqlicdxcvy$ Xmc ycikdh od cikdkeoi oeqkvxbdic pby xmc Lkhw `mcxxk fcibsyc ox ebdsjbixsvch bllnodhy kj `kkhy, bdh, od qbvxoislbv, oxy xc}xolc odhsyxvocy ikdyxoxsxch ysqqkvx kj `vcbx zblsc xk xmc@cvebd cikdke$& Mcodvoim Moeelcv jcbvch b xqmsy cqohceoi od xmc ibeqy$ CbyxcvdCsvkqcbd Gcpy pcvc zcv sdmòcdoi bdh pcvc kjxcd flbech jkv xmc yqvcbh kj xqmsy$ KdHcicefcv 6=, 2?86, Moeelcv kvhcvch xmbx, &xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeqy esyx fc vchsich bx bllikyxy$& -Yksvic, Vcoxolod`cv'y fkkn, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd/

Kd Gbdsbv 61, 2?89, imocj odyqcixkv kj xmc ibeqy, Voimbvh @lsiny, bdypcvch Moeelcv,&Czcv ecbdy poll fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxcy$& -Yksvic, Dsvcefcv` Xvobl Hkisecdx Dk$2369/ Xmc hcbxm vbxc mbh odhcch fccd vchsich jvke =$3# od Gsl 2?86 xk 6$=# od Gsdc 2?89$

Kd Bqvol 20, 2?89, Moxlcv bynch Bheovbl Mkvxm, vc`cdx kj Msd`bv jkv, &211, 111 Gcpy xkpkvn kd b dcp qsvysox qlbdc qvk`vbe$& -Yksvic, Vcoxolod`cv'y fkkn, Hoc Cdhlkysd`, 2?3:,qb`c 80=/

Od Eb 2?88 Moxlcv qcvykdbll kvhcvch xmbx 611,111 ekvc Gcpy fc qsx xk pkvn odikdyxvsixokd bdh &kxmcv oeqkvxbdx eoloxbv pkvny$&



Qb`c | 82

Xmc Gcpy pcvc zoxbl xk xmc @cvebd pbv odhsyxv$ Ox pkslh mbzc fccd iksdxcv qvkhsixozc xkc}xcveodbxc xmce$ Od jbix, xmc YY bvvcyxch Nbvl Nkim, ikeebdhbdx kj Fsimcdpblh, jkveoyxvcbxod` bdh sdgsyxl c}cisxod` ykec qvoykdcvy$ Bjxcv fcod` jksdh `solx f b eoloxbviksvx, Nkim pby ycdxcdich xk hcbxm bdh ymkx$ Oj xmcvc pby bixsbll b &mklkibsyx& mc pkslhmbzc fccd mkdkvch odyxcbh kj c}cisxch$

Ymodhlcv'y Loyx jcbxsvcy Ikeebdhbdx Bekd @kcxm, pmk od vcblox hoh bfsyc qvoykdcvy$Mkpczcv, xmc jole jboly xk odjkve zocpcvy xmbx mc mbh fccd bvvcyxch f xmc YY bdh pby odqvoykd bpboxod` xvobl bx pbv'y cdh$

Ekyx kj xmc `vscykec qoixsvcy kj fkhocy pc ycc od &ebhc jkv XZ& mklkibsyx hvbeby bvcxmkyc pmk hoch kj yxbvzbxokd bdh hoycbyc hsvod` xmc jodbl imbkxoi ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Bdc}beqlc oy Hbimbs$ Ykec 38 hoch od Gbdsbv 2?88 bdh 212 od Jcfvsbv 2?88$

Pmcd jkkh bdh echoibl ysqqlocy ikslh dkx fc hclozcvch hsc xk Blloch fkefod`y, 6,===hoch od Gbdsbv bdh 9,?00 od Jcfvsbv 2?83$

Xmc Oeqkyyofolox kj Ebyy @byyod`y Bsyimpoxw mbh dk ebyy `vbzcy$ Xmc ivcebxokd kj jksv

eollokd fkhocy pkslh mbzc lcjx 23,111 xkdy kj bym pmoim pby dczcv jksdh$ Ebd xkdy kj ikblpkslh mbzc fccd dcicyybv jkv ysim ebyy ivcebxokdy$

Odoxobll, xmc Ykzocxy xklh ikdjloixod` yxkvocy bfksx mkp xmc yo} eollokd qcvoymch od xmcibeqy sdhcv xmcov ikdxvkl$ Bx jovyx xmc ilboech xmbx xmc odebxcy mbh fccd &yxcbech& xk hcbxm$Kd Hcicefcv 3, 2?83, b Ikeesdoyx gsh`c oyysch xmc jkllkpod` &Biisybxokd Dk$ :& b`bodyxhcjcdhbdx Mbdy Jvbdn bx Dsvcefcv`7 &B lbv`c fkolcv jkv xmc qvkhsixokd kj ysqcvmcbxch yxcbepby odgcixch odxk xmc odxcvokv kj xmc vkkey$ Xmc hkkvy bvc ilkych mcvecxoibll bdh xmc lkd`byqm}obxokd kj xmc zoixoey f xmc yxcbe fcòdy$ Bx xmc yxbvx, yivcbey ibec jvke odyohc, xmchoc hkpd ylkpl> bjxcv 23 eodsxcy, xmc c}cisxokdy bvc ikeqlcxch$&

Xmoy yxkv pby dkx fcloczbflc$ Ox pby xmcd imbd`ch xk bllc`c xmbx xvsiny pcvc fbinch sq xk

xmc &hcbxm imbefcvy& bdh ibvfkd ekdk}ohc `by pby qseqch odxk xmc vkkey$ Xmoy ilboe xkkpby &jkv`kxxcd& bdh xmc Ykzocxy xmcd imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy imbd`ch xmc &yxcbe imbefcvy&odxk &`by imbefcvy$&

Xmc Ykzocxy ibec sq poxm b dkzcl ohcb kj mkp xmc Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch bx xmc Fclwciibeq$

&Xmc Gcpy pcvc kvhcvch xk sdhvcyy by xmks`m xk xbnc b fbxm$ Xmc pcvc lch od jbix odxk bfsolhod` xmbx ikslh mklh msdhvchy kj qckqlc$ Xmc pbxcv pby jollch sq xk xmcov dciny$ Xmcd bqkpcvjsl clcixvoi isvvcdx pby ycdx odxk xmc ecxbl jlkkvod` bdh poxmod b jcp ycikdhy bll xmcGcpy, xmksybdhy bx b xoec, pcvc hcbh$&

Ykzocx qvkycisxkv L$D$ Yeovdkz bixsbll vcbh xmoy biisybxokd odxk xmc vcikvh bx xmcHcicefcv 2?, 2?83, ycyyokd kj xmc Dsvcefcv` xvobl$ Xmoy yxkv jodbll czklzch xk c}cisxokd f&Wnlkd F& `by$ Xmoy pby b pohcl sych qcyxoiohc xk noll loic pmoim pby xmc fo``cyx mcblxmxmvcbx od xmc ibeqy$ Mbh xmc @cvebdy bixsbll pbdxch xk qcvjkve ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy, xmcmbh qvkhsixy kdc%xmksybdh xoecy ekvc hcbhl ysim by Ybvod bdh Xbfsd dcvzc `by"

Bsyxvobd Cdòdccv Pblxcv Lsjxl oyysch b vcqkvx od Ebvim 2??6, od pmoim mc jksdh xmbx,

&Wnlkd F oy sxxcvl sdysoxch jkv xmc qsvqkycy kj yyxcebxoi ebyy esvhcv$&

Jvch Lcsimxcv, Becvoib'y jkvcekyx c}qcvx kd c}cisxokdy, xkkn b xcbe kj odzcyxo`bxkvy xkBsyimpoxw od 2?== bdh vcqkvxch7

&O xvbzclch xk Qklbdh xk odzcyxo`bxc xmc bllc`ch c}cisxokd `by imbefcv jbioloxocy bx xmc xmvccikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy kj Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$ E jkvcdyoi bdblyoy bdh



Qb`c | 86

ysfycrscdx vcqkvx qvkzcy fckdh bd ymbhkp kj b hksfx xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk `by c}cisxokdjbioloxocy kqcvbxch f xmc Dbwoy bx xmcyc yoxcy$&

Lcsimxcv blyk c}beodch xmc ibqbiox kj xmc yk%ibllch &`by imbefcv fsolhod`& bx Fovncdbs$Xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl'y hkisecdx Dk$ L%166 yxbxch7

&2,0:3,111 Gcpy pcvc `byych bx Fovncdbs fcxpccd Bqvol 2?86 bdh Bqvol 2?88$&Mkpczcv, Lcsimxcv jksdh xmbx czcd oj sych bx jsll ibqbiox &kdl 213,:==& qcvykdy ikslh

mbzc fccd &`byych$& Moy xcbe yivbqch jkvcdyoi ybeqlcy jvke fvoin, ekvxbv bdh ikdivcxc xkjodh xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdhy pmoim pkslh fc qvcycdx jkv icdxsvocy$ Xmc pcvc ysfeoxxchxk xmc Blqmb Bdblxoibl Lbfkvbxkvocy kj Bymlbdh, Ebyybimsycxxy$ Od Ebvim 2?==, xmc Blqmbvcqkvx jksdh xmbx dk ibdohc clcecdxy, ikdyoyxcdx poxm pmbx ikslh fc c}qcixch xk fc jksdh odb `by imbefcv, pcvc qvcycdx$

B vcxovch @cvebd gsh`c, Hv$ Polmcle Yxb`loim yboh7

&Xmc c}xcveodbxokd xmcyoy yxbdhy kv jblly poxm xmc bllc`bxokd xmbx Bsyimpoxw pby b 'hcbxmjbixkv$'&

Jvch Lcsimxcv'y jodhod`7

&Pc mbzc qvkzohch xmc hcjodoxozc qvkkj xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk c}cisxokd `by imbefcvy sxolowchjkv `cdkiohbl qsvqkycy f xmc @cvebdy bx xmcyc pbvxoec ibeqy$ Xmc yoeqlc jbix oy xmbx xmcmklkibsyx yxkv oy dkx xvsc$&

Mkp Ebd Gcpy Bixsbll Hoch;

Xmc Pkvlh Blebdbi jkv 2?80, od rskxod` jo`svcy ysqqlocy f xmc Becvoibd GcpoymIkeeoxxcc yxbxcy xmbx xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd od 2?9? pby 23,:==,63?$ Xmc Dcp _kvn

Xoecy kj Jcfvsbv 66, 2?8=, yxbxch xmbx xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd vbd`ch jvke 23,:11,111xk 2=,011,111, c}ilshod` ykec :11,111 xk 011,111 lozod` od Qblcyxodc$ Mkp ikslh xmc Gcpoymqkqslbxokd mbzc odivcbych yk vbqohl bjxcv lkyod` yo} eollokd hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO;

Pblxcv Ybddod`, xmc bsxmkv kj Hoyyklsxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv, yby xmbx dk lcyy xmbd6,611,111 Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch ksx kj Csvkqc lcbzod` 6,=80,111 Gcpy vcyohod` xmcvc bx xmcmco`mx kj xmc @cvebd kiisqbxokd od Gsdc 2?82$ Bjxcv xmc pbv, 9,903,111 Gcpy, biikvhod` xkxmc Vch Ivkyy, bqqloch jkv mklkibsyx vcqbvbxokdy$ Xmoy jo`svc odilshch ebd kj xmc ceo`vbdxy$Xmsy, xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj xmkyc pmk hoch bx xmc ibeqy jvke bll ibsycy vbd`cy fcxpccd231,111 bdh 911,111$

&Mklkibsyx& Yolcdicy KqqkyoxokdMbvhl b pccn `kcy f poxmksx b dcp mklkibsyx yxkv od xmc echob$ Fcvdbvh Qkyxbl pvkxc od

Gcpoym Pccn, Gsl 28, 2?0?7

&Dkx sdxol xmc Mklkibsyx, hoh bdxo%Yceoxoye fcikec xbfkk$ Xmcvc pby b xoec pmcdbdxo%Yceoxoi yqccimcy pcvc bd kqcd jbixkv od dbxokdbl -qkloxoibl/ ibeqbo`dy$ Xmc Mklkibsyxqsxy b xbfkk kd kzcvx bdxo%Yceoxoye bekd` sqqcv%lczcl yxbxcyecd bdh qsfloioyxy$&

Wokdoyx yqkncyecd mbzc kjxcd fkbyxch xmbx,

&Xmc ymbxxcvod` cjjcix kj xmc mklkibsyx kd xmc Imvoyxobd ikdyiocdic vcyslxy od b jcclod` kj ikllcixozc odhcfxchdcyy xk xmc Gcpy$&



Qb`c | 89

Xmc Vch Ivkyy oyysch b ebyyozc, xmvcc zklsec, 2,:11 qb`c vcqkvx kd xmc ibeqy bjxcv xmcpbv, qbvx kj pmoim vcbhy7 &Od xmc jodbl ekxmy kj xmc pbv, xmc ibeqy vcicozch dk jkkh ysqqlocybx bll bdh yxbvzbxokd ilboech bd odivcbyod` dsefcv kj zoixoey$

& $$$@cd$ Nblxcdfvsddcv$$$Bllkpch xmc Vch Ivkyy xk hoyxvofsxc vclocj qbinb`cy bdh kdc -VchIvkyy/ hclc`bxc pby bsxmkvowch xk yxb od cbim ibeq -by bd kfycvzcv/$―

Hkcy xmoy yksdh lonc b mklkibsyx;

Pmbx Bfksx Vcbl Mklkibsyxy;

Pm hkcyd'x xmc jole odhsyxv kv dcpy echob qvkhsic hkisecdxbvocy bfksx xmc dsecvksyxvsc mklkibsyxy hsvod` xmc icdxsv ysim by7

Xmc Ykzocx Mklkibsyx kj Imvoyxobd Vsyyobd Nslbn jbvecvy$ -2?68 % 2?91/ % 23 eollokdc}xcveodbxch"

Xmc Mklkibsyx kj xmc Snvbdobd jbvecvy, -2?91% 2?99/ % 0 eollokd yxbvzch xk hcbxm$

Xmc Mklkibsyx kj Vsyyobd qkloxoibl qvoykdcvy, -2?2? % 2?8?/ % 26 eollokd qcvoymch$

Xmc Qkl Qkx Ikeesdoyx Mklkibsyx od Ibefkhob -2?03/ % 6$3 eollokd ylbs`mxcvch$

Bvecdobd Mklkibsyx f xmc Xsvny, -2?23/ % 2$3 eollokd qckqlc nollch$

Fcbv od eodh xmbx xmc Gcpy bvc xmc kdl vbiobl `vksq poxm bd kv`bdowbxokd lonc xmc PkvlhGcpoym ikd`vcyy pmoim poclhy jcbvykec qkpcv" Xmoy oy gsyx b jcp kj xmc ebd vcbykdy xmbxqckqlc, bvksdh xmc pkvlh, bvc fcòddod` xk hcd xmc &Mklkibsyx$&

Pmoim fvod`y kd xmc rscyxokd kj gsyx pmbx oy b &Mklkibsyx Hcdobl;& Jkv od vcicdx cbvy,ekvc bdh ekvc bxxcdxokd mby fccd hczkxch xk xmc ysqqkych hbd`cv kj &Mklkibsyx hcdobl$&

Qkloxoiobdy, dcpyqbqcvy bdh xclczoyokd pbvd bfksx xmc `vkpod` odjlscdic kj xmkyc pmk vcgcixxmc Mklkibsyx yxkv xmbx ykec yo} eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy pcvc yyxcebxoibll c}xcveodbxchhsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, ekyx kj xmce od `by imbefcvy$ Od yczcvbl iksdxvocy, odilshodÒyvbcl, Jvbdic, @cvebd bdh Bsyxvob, &Mklkibsyx hcdobl& oy b`bodyx xmc lbp, bdh &hcdocvy&mbzc fccd qsdoymch poxm yxojj jodcy bdh qvoykd ycdxcdicy$

Ykec jvbdxoi Gcpoym ikeesdox lcbhcvy bvc ibllod` jvk yoeolbv `kzcvdecdx ecbysvcy od xmcSdoxch Yxbxcy b`bodyx hcjobdx &vczoyokdoyxy$& Od Ibdbhb, Hbzoh Ebxby, Ycdokv Iksdycl jkv xmc&Lcb`sc jkv Msebd Vo`mxy& kj xmc Wokdoyx F'dbo F'voxm kv`bdowbxokd, yby7

&Xmc Mklkibsyx pby xmc esvhcv kj yo} eollokd Gcpy, odilshod` xpk eollokd imolhvcd$Mklkibsyx hcdobl oy b ycikdh esvhcv kj xmkyc ybec yo} eollokd$ Jovyx xmcov lozcy pcvc

c}xod`soymch> xmcd xmcov hcbxmy$ B qcvykd pmk hcdocy xmc Mklkibsyx fcikecy qbvx kj xmc ivoeckj xmc Mklkibsyx oxyclj$& -@lkfc bdh Ebol -Xkvkdxk/, Gbdsbv 66, 2??6/

Kjxcd kzcvlkknch od xmoy ikdxvkzcvy oy xmc ivsiobl rscyxokd7 Gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy&Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Ymkslh ykeckdc fc ikdyohcvch b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& fcibsyc mc+ymc hkcydkx fcloczc, by Ebxby bdh kxmcvy odyoyx, xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc nollch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO;

Xmoy jo`svc pby ioxch f xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl bx Dsvcefcv` od 2?83%2?8:$ Oxjksdh xmbx &xmc qkloi qsvysch ~f xmc @cvebd @kzcvdecdxu vcyslxch od xmc nollod` kj yo}eollokd Gcpy, kj pmoim jksv eollokd pcvc nollch od xmc c}xcveodbxokd odyxoxsxokdy$ -Xvobl kj xmcEbgkv Pbv Ivoeodbly Fcjkvc xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl -OEX &flsc ycvocy&/, Zkl$ 66,q$ 8?:/

_cx oj xmbx oy yk, xmcd yczcvbl kj xmc ekyx qvkeodcdx Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy ikslh fc vc`bvhchby &hcdocvy$& Qvkjcyykv Vsbl Molfcv`, bsxmkv kj xmc yxbdhbvh vcjcvcdic pkvn, &Xmc Hcyxvsixokd



Qb`c | 88

kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy,& hkcy dkx biicqx xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy hoch$ Mc qsxy xmc xkxbl kj hcbxmy-f bll ibsycy/ bx 3$2 eollokd$

Fcvblh Vcoxolod`cv, bsxmkv kj &Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd,& loncpoyc hoh dkx biicqx xmc yo} eollokdjo`svc$ Mc cyxoebxch xmc jo`svc kj Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh eo`mx fc by mo`m by 8$: eollokd, fsxbheoxxch xmbx xmoy pby ikdgcixsvbl hsc xk b lbin kj vclobflc odjkvebxokd$

Msebd Ykbq;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc+ymc yby xmbx xmc Dbwoy hohd'x sycGcpoym jbx xk ebnc ykbq; Bjxcv pco`mod` bll xmc czohcdic -odilshod` bd bixsbl fbv kj ykbqysqqloch f xmc Ykzocxy/, xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl hcilbvch od oxy Gshècdx xmbx

&od ykec odyxbdicy bxxceqxy pcvc ebhc xk sxolowc xmc jbx jvke xmc fkhocy kj xmc zoixoey odxmc ikeecviobl ebdsjbixsvc kj ykbq$& -OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 66, q$ 8?:/

Od 2??1, xmks`m, Oyvbcl'y kjjoiobl &_bh Zbymce& Mklkibsyx ecekvobl b`cdi &vcpvkxcmoyxkv& f bheoxxod` xmbx xmc ykbq yxkv pby dkx xvsc$ &Moyxkvobdy mbzc ikdilshch xmbx ykbqpby dkx ebhc jvke msebd jbx$

Pmcd yk ebd qckqlc hcd xmc Mklkibsyx czcv mbqqcdch, pm òzc xmce ykecxmod` xk syc

b`bodyx xmc xvsxm;,& yboh _bh Zbymce kjjoiobl Ymescl Nvbnkpyno$ -@lkfc bdh Ebol Xkvkdxk/,Bqvol 63, 2??1> Ycc blyk7 E$ Pcfcv, &Gcpoym Ykbq,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp,Yseecv 2??2/

Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc hkcy dkx biicqx xmbx xmcGbdsbv 2?86 &Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic& kj @cvebd fsvcbsivbxy pby mclh xk ycx kv ikkvhodbxc bqvk`vbe kj yyxcebxoi ebyy esvhcv kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy; Oj yk, Oyvbclo Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd_cmshb Fbscv esyx fc pvkd`, bdh b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv,& fcibsyc mc vcicdxl hcilbvch7

&Xmc qsfloi yxoll vcqcbxy, xoec bjxcv xoec, xmc yoll yxkv xmbx bx Pbddycc xmc c}xcveodbxokdkj xmc Gcpy pby bvvozch bx$&

Od Fbscv'y kqodokd, Pbddycc pby b eccxod` fsx &mbvhl b ikdjcvcdic& bdh &loxxlc kj pmbxpby yboh xmcvc pby c}cisxch od hcxbol$& -Ibdbhobd Gcpoym Dcpy -Xkvkdxk/, Gbdsbv 91, 2??6/

C}xcveodbxokd Qkloi;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc+ymc yby xmbx xmcvc pby dkkvhcv f Moxlcv xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy; Xmcvc pby b xoec pmcd xmc bdypcv pkslh mbzcfccd _cy$ Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd Vbsl Molfcv`, jkv c}beqlc, pvkxc od xmc 2?:2 choxokd kj moyyxsh, &Xmc Hcyxvsixokd kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy,& xmbx xmcvc pcvc xpk Moxlcv kvhcvy jkv xmchcyxvsixokd kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy7 xmc jovyx òzcd od xmc yqvod` kj 2?82, bdh xmc ycikdh ymkvxlxmcvcbjxcv$ Fsx Molfcv` vcekzch ecdxokd kj bd ysim kvhcv jvke xmc vczoych xmvcc%zklsecchoxokd kj moy fkkn qsfloymch od 2?=3$ -Fbvfbvb Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc7Vcqkvx kj xmc Czohcdic od xmc Ibdbhobd &Jblyc Dcpy& Xvobl kj Cvdyx Wüdhcl -Xkvkdxk7Ybeoyhbx, 2??6/, qq$ 2?6, 911, 98?/

By Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd Imvoyxkqmcv Fvkpdod` mby dkxch7

&Od xmc dcp choxokd, bll vcjcvcdicy od xmc xc}x xk b Moxlcv hcioyokd kv Moxlcv kvhcv jkv xmc'Jodbl Yklsxokd' mbzc fccd yyxcebxoibll c}ioych$ Fsvoch bx xmc fkxxke kj b yod`lc jkkxdkxcyxbdh xmc ykloxbv vcjcvcdic7 'Imvkdklk` bdh ioviseyxbdicy qkodx xk b Moxlcv hcioyokd fcjkvcxmc yseecv cdhch$' Od xmc dcp choxokd, hcioyokdy pcvc dkx ebhc bdh kvhcvy pcvc dkx òzcd$&-Xmc Vczoych Molfcv`, Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Bddsbl, Zkl$ 9, 2?=:, q$ 6?8/

B lbin kj mbvh czohcdic jkv bd c}xcveodbxokd kvhcv f Moxlcv mby ikdxvofsxch xk bikdxvkzcvy xmbx hozohcy Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy odxk &odxcdxokdbloyxy& bdh &jsdixokdbloyxy$& Xmcjkvecv ikdxcdh xmbx xmcvc pby b qvcechoxbxch c}xcveodbxokd qkloi kvhcvch f Moxlcv, pmolc

xmc lbxxcv mklh xmbx @cvebd'y pbvxoec &jodbl yklsxokd& Gcpoym qkloi czklzch bx lkpcv lczclyod vcyqkdyc xk ioviseyxbdicy$



Qb`c | 83

Fsx xmc ivsiobl qkodx mcvc oy xmoy7 dkxpoxmyxbdhod` xmc ibqxsvc kj loxcvbll xkdy kj @cvebdhkisecdxy bjxcv xmc pbv, dk kdc ibd qkodx xk hkisecdxbv czohcdic kj b pbvxoecc}xcveodbxokd kvhcv, qlbd kv qvk`vbe$ Xmoy pby bheoxxch f Qvkjcyykv Molfcv` hsvod` moyxcyxoekd od xmc 2?=3 xvobl od Xkvkdxk kj @cvebd%Ibdbhobd qsfloymcv Cvdoyx Wüdhcl$ -F$Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc -Xkvkdxk7 2??6/, qq$ 68%63//

Bsyimpoxw7 Yk gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy &Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Ysvcl b ilboe xmbx ekyxBsyimpoxw odebxcy hoch jvke hoycbyc bdh dkx yyxcebxoi c}xcveodbxokd od `by imbefcvypkslh fc &hcdobl$& Fsx qcvmbqy dkx$ Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bvdk G$ Ebcv, b Qvodicxkd Sdozcvyoxqvkjcyykv, pvkxc od moy 2?== yxsh &Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd;&7 Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokdod Moyxkv7&

&$$$Jvke 2?86 xk 2?83, icvxbodl bd Bsyimpoxw, fsx qvkfbfl kzcvbll, ekvc Gcpy pcvcnollch f yk%ibllch 'dbxsvbl' ibsycy xmbd f 'sddbxsvbl' kdcy$& -B$ Ebcv, Pm Hoh xmc McbzcdyDkx Hbvncd;7 Xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd& od Moyxkv -Qbdxmckd, 2?==/, q$ 9:3/

Czcd cyxoebxcy kj xmc dsefcv kj qckqlc pmk hoch bx Bsyimpoxw, bllc`chl xmc ebodc}xcveodbxokd icdxcv, bvc dk lkd`cv ilcbv isx$ Bx xmc qkyxpbv Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl, xmc Bllocyimbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch jksv eollokd qckqlc bx Bsyimpoxw$ -Dsvcefcv`hkisecdx 11=%SYYV$> OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 9?, qq$ 682, 6:2/

Sdxol 2??1, b ecekvobl qlbrsc bx Bsyimpoxw vcbh7

&Jksv Eollokd Qckqlc Ysjjcvch bdh Hoch Mcvc bx xmc Mbdhy kj xmc Dbwo Esvhcvcvy Fcxpccdxmc _cbvy 2?81 bdh 2?83$& -F$ Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc -Xkvkdxk7 2??6/, q$882//

Hsvod` b 2?=6 zoyox xk xmc ibeq, Qkqc Gkmd Qbsl OO -b Gcpoym Qkqc/ yxkkh fcjkvc xmoyecekvobl bdh flcyych xmc jksv eollokd zoixoey$ Oy ox &Mklkibsyx hcdobl& xk hoyqsxc xmcyc jksveollokd hcbxmy; Dkx xkhb$

Od Gsl 2??1, xmc Qkloym @kzcvdecdx'y Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse, blkd` poxm Oyvbcl'y _bhZbymce Mklkibsyx icdxcv, ikdichch xmbx xmc jksv eollokd jo`svc pby b `vkyy c}b``cvbxokd, bdhvcjcvcdicy xk ox pcvc biikvhod`l vcekzch jvke xmc Bsyimpoxw ekdsecdx$

Oyvbclo bdh Qkloym kjjoiobly bddksdich b xcdxbxozc vczoych xkll kj 2$2 eollokd Bsyimpoxwhcbh$ -_$ Fbscv, Jo`mxod` xmc Hoyxkvxokdy, Gcvsyblce Qkyx -Oyvbcl/, Ycqxcefcv 66, 2?=?>Bsyimpoxw Hcbxmy Vchsich xk b Eollokd, Hbol Xclc`vbqm -Lkdhkd/, Gsl 20, 2??1> QklbdhVchsicy Bsyimpoxw Hcbxm Xkll Cyxoebxc xk 2 Eollokd, Xmc Pbymod`xkd Xoecy, Gsl 20, 2??1/

Od 2??9, Jvcdim Mklkibsyx vcycbvimcv Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi, od b esim%hoyisyych fkkn bfksx Bsyimpoxw, cyxoebxch xmbx blxk`cxmcv bfksx 003,111 hoch xmcvc hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy$-G$I$ Qvcyybi, Lcy Ivïecxkovcy h'Bsyimpoxw7 Lb ebimodcvoc hs ecsvxvc -Qbvoy7 IDVY, 2??9/$Ycc blyk7 V$ Jbsvoyykd, Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi'y Dcp Bsyimpoxw Fkkn, Xmc Gksvdbl kj MoyxkvoiblVczocp, Gbd$%Jcf$ 2??8, q$ 68/

Qvkjcyykv Ebcv bindkplch`cy xmbx xmc rscyxokd kj mkp ebd vcbll hoch od Bsyimpoxwvcebody kqcd$ Od &Pm hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd;& mc pvkxc7

&$$$Ebd rscyxokdy vcebod kqcd$$$Bll od bll, mkp ebd fkhocy pcvc ivcebxch odBsyimpoxw; Mkp ebd hoch xmcvc bll xklh; Pmbx pby xmc dbxokdbl, vcloòksy, bdh cxmdoifvcbnhkpd od xmoy ikeekdpcblxm kj zoixoey; Mkp ebd kj xmce pcvc ikdhcedch xk hoc b'dbxsvb' hcbxm bdh mkp ebd pcvc hclofcvbxcl ylbs`mxcvch; Bdh pmbx pby xmc qvkqkvxokd kj Gcpy bekd` xmkyc esvhcvch od iklh flkkh bekd` xmcyc `byych; Pc mbzc yoeql dk bdypcvy

xk xmcyc rscyxokdy bx xmoy xoec$& -Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd; q$ 9::/



Qb`c | 8:

Mbzod` yccd xmc ysiicyy kj xmc Fvoxoym qvkqb`bdhb bfksx xmc @cvebdy syod` xmc ynody kj hcbh fbfocy by lbeq ymbhcy od Pkvlh Pbv O ^pmoim xmc Fvoxoym lbxcv bqklkòwch jkv bjxcv xmccdh kj xmc pbv bdh bheoxxch ox pby kdl qvkqb`bdhb xk `cx xmc xvkkqy xk jo`mx mbvhcvU$ Xmcikdicozch kj xmc &Yo} Eollokd Gcp Loc& bdh yqbvch dk beksdx kj c}qcdyc xk jkvpbvh xmoyqvk`vbe ^XMC_ CZCD C]CISXCH YCZCVBL XMKSYBDH KJ XMC YK%IBLLCH

LCYYCV GCPY7 YK BY XK JSVXMCV XMCOV HOBFKLOIBL QLBDY BJXCV BLLPMBX PBY B JCP XMKSYBDH LCYYCV GCPY IKEQBVCH XK XMC EBYXCVQLBD KJ PKVLH IKDXVKL"U$

Xmc Wokdoyxy pmk mbzc blpby fccd zcv jbv yo`mxch ybp od ox b imbdic xk biikeqloym xpkxmod`y7

-b/ Xk hcyxvk Dbxokdbloye f ilboeod` xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch &YO] EOLLOKD GCPY& odbd cjjkvx bx c}xcveodbxod` xmce, bdh xmc @cvebdy pcvc c}xvcecl dbxokdbloyxoi, xmcd ox esyxjkllkp, xmbx Dbxokdbloye esyx fc zcv czol oj eollokdy kj qckqlc ibd fc esvhcvch od oxy dbec"Ôd kxmcv pkvhy hk dkx fc xkk Qbxvokxoi fcibsyc oj ks hk ks poll mbzc Yo} Eollokd kv ekvcHcbh Gcpy$ Bdh oj ks hkd'x fcloczc ox xmc poll ymkp ks bdkxmcv mklkibsyx ekzoc, xmcd

bdkxmcv, xmcd bdkxmcv sdxol ks hkU$ Hk ks ycc pmbx O be ybod`;

-f/ Xmcov ilboe xk Qblcyxodc pmoim ibec ykkd bjxcv xmc cdh kj XMC PBV MBYCDBFLCH XMCE ^xmc GcpyU XK VCQLBIC @KH BDH XMC LKVH GCYSY IMVOYX BDH FCIKEC XMC IMKYCD QCKQLC7 B XVOQLC IKSDXCVJCOX, XK EKYX KJXMC IMVOYXOBD PKVLH"

Xmsy ox oy ilcbv jkv bll xk ycc oj xmc poll lkkn poxm bd mkdcyx bx bll Becvoib jks`mx PkvlhPbv OO yk xmbx Pkvlh Gcpv ikslh hkeodbxc xmc Jodbdiobl Ekdc Ebvncxy kj xmc pkvlh>C}qkyc bd c}oyxod` kqqkyoxokd xk xmcov hcyo`dy jkv pkvlh ikdrscyx bdh hcyxvk ysimkqqkyoxokd> hcyxvk Dbxokdbloye, Qbxvokxoye, od xmc ebgkv iksdxvocy kj xmc pkvlh$ QcvmbqyPollobe Bdhcvykd od moy Bjxcvpkvh od b fkkn &PBV PBV PBV"& f Iodioddbxsy hcyivofcy

ox fcyx7

Mkp Xmc Gcpy Jkvich Becvoib Odxk Pkvlh Pbv OO

Od xmc cbvy fcjkvc Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmc Becvoibd qsfloi mbh dk hcyovc xk `k xk pbv od coxmcvCsvkqc kv Byob$ Pc, by Becvoibdy, mbh dk odxcvcyx od pbvvod` poxm @cvebd, Oxbl kv Gbqbd$_cx Becvoib pby jkvich xk fbxxlc xmc B}oy Qkpcvy jkv jksv lkd` cbvy bx xmc yklc fcmcyx kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv$ Od jbix, Pkvlh Gcpv ikeecdich oxy pbv b`bodyx @cvebd od 2?99, xmccbv Moxlcv ibec xk qkpcv, czcd fcjkvc mc mbh xoec xk fcòd oeqlcecdxod` b qvk`vbe jkv

qsllod` @cvebd ksx kj oxy kpd cikdkeoi hcqvcyyokd$

Gcpv'y hcilbvbxokd kj b 'mkl pbv' b`bodyx @cvebd pby oyysch f Ybescl Sdxcveccv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Jchcvbxokd, pmk yboh od xmc Dcp _kvn 'Xoecy' Bs`syx 0, 2?99, xmbx ox pkslhfc ecbdy kj bd 'cikdkeoi fkikxx xmbx poll sdhcveodc xmc Moxlcv vcòec bdh fvod` xmc @cvebdqckqlc xk xmcov ycdycy f hcyxvkod` xmcov c}qkvx xvbhc kd pmoim xmcov zcv c}oyxcdic hcqcdhy$'

Xmc Xkvkdxk 'Czcdod` Xclc`vbe' Jcfvsbv 6:, 2?81, rskxcy Vbffo Ebsvoic Qcvlwpco` kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy by xcllod` b Ibdbhobd bshocdic xmbx 'xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyymby fccd bx pbv poxm @cvebd jkv yczcd cbvy' ô$c$ 2?99U$ Gcpy pcvc kfzoksyl pollod` xkfbin sq xmcov xmvcbxy, jkv xmc Lkdhkd 'Ysdhb Imvkdoilc' kj Gbdsbv 6, 2?9=, vcqkvxch xmbx'lcbhcvy kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv' mbh ecx od @cdczb, Ypoxwcvlbdh xk ycx sq b (6$3 FOLLOKD

jsdh xk sdhcveodc xmc cikdkeoi yxbfolox kj @cvebd$



Qb`c | 80

Mkpczcv, Gcpoym fkikxxy b`bodyx @cvebd jbolch xk fvod` xmbx dbxokd xk oxy ndccy by^fcibsycU MOXLCV MBH BLVCBH_ JVCCH @CVEBD_ JVKE HCQCDHCDIC KDGCPOYM SYSV_$ Yodic cikdkeoi qvcyysvc f Pkvlh Gcpv ikslh dkx fvcbn xmc fbin kj @cvebd, ox pby hcxcveodch xmbx bd bixsbl pbv pkslh fc dcicyybv xk hcyxvk Moxlcv ^xmc@cvebd Qckqlc jkv xmc mbh xmvkpd kjj xmc ikdxvkl kj xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl FbdnyU$ Xmoy hcyovc xk

hcioebxc @cvebd oy sdhcvyxbdhbflc pmcd kdc vcik`dowcy xmbx Gcpy bvc b qbvbyoxoi vbic bdhby qbvbyoxcy poll jo`mx xk xmc hcbxm pmcd xmc mkyx bxxceqxy xk c}qcl xmce$

Xmc Gcpoym hcyovc jkv pbv pby bheoxxch f Vbffo Jclo} Ecdhclyykmd od xmc Imoib`k&Ycdxodcl& kj Kixkfcv =, 2?86, pmcvc mc yxbxcy7

&XMC YCIKDH PKVLH PBV OY FCOD@ JKS@MX JKV XMC HCJCDYC KJ XMCJSDHBECDXBLY KJ GSHBOYE$&

Xmsy, Vbffo Ecdhclyykmd jlbxl c}qvcyycy xmc zocp xmbx PP OO PBY B GCPOYM PBV$ Xmoy Gcpoym yimcec ibec xk jvsoxbxokd od 2?9?, @cvebd odzbhch Qklbdh$ Fvoxbod bdh Jvbdic,sdhcv Gcpoym hkeodbxokd, xmcd hcilbvch pbv kd @cvebd, ikdzcdocdxl o`dkvod` xmc jbix xmbxxmc Ykzocx Sdokd ^Sdhcv Gcpoym VslcU blyk odzbhch Qklbdh$

XMODN BFKSX OX HBED OX> SYC _KSV MCBH, OJ CD@LBDH BDH JVBDICHCILBVCH PBV KD @CVEBD_ GSYX FCIBSYC XMC_ ODZBHCH QKLBDHXMCD PM_ HOH XMC_ DKX BLYK HCILBVC PBV B@BODYX VSYYOB, BY XMC_BLYK ODZBHCH QKLBDH PMCD @CVEBD_ HOH;

Gbecy Jkvcyxbll, lbxcv xk fcikec Ycivcxbv kj Hcjcdyc od moy hobv kj Hcicefcv 60, 2?83,dkxcy xmbx mc qlbch `klj poxm Gkycqm Ncddch JHV'y Befbyybhkv xk Fvoxbod, pmk xklh moexmbx c}%Qvoec Eodoyxcv Dczollc Imbefcvlbod “YXBXCH XMBX BECVOIB BDH XMCPKVLH GCPY MBH JKVICH CD@LBDH ODXK PBV$― Jkv moy ibdhkv bdh lbxcvkqqkyoxokd xk xmc fbdhox yxbxc kj Oyvbcl, Jkvcyxbll pby esvhcvch od 2?8? ^vslch b 'ysoiohc'U$Gcpy xmvks`mksx xmc pkvlh yivcbech xmbx @cvebd pby odxcdx kd vslod` xmc pkvlh, fsx@cdcvbl @ckv`c I$ Ebvymbll bheoxxch bjxcv xmc pbv, od xcyxoekd fcjkvc Ikd`vcyy ôx oyvcikvhch od xmc Ikd`vcyyokdbl VcikvhU, xmbx DK QVKKJ IKSLH FC JKSDH XMBXMOXLCV QLBDDCH BD_ IKDRSCYX KJ XMC PKVLH$

Od jbix, Moxlcv'y bixokdy b`bodyx Iwcimkylkzbnob kzcv xmc Yshcdxcdlbdh bdh Qklbdh kzcvHbdwo` pcvc gsyx qbvx kj Moxlcv'y lkd` yxbxch hcyovc xk vc%birsovc xmc xcvvoxkv xbncd jvke@cvebd bjxcv PP O od xmc Xvcbx kj Zcvybollcy ôy xmbx dkx pmbx xmc Gcpy ilboe xk fc hkodòd Qblcyxodc bx xmc qvcycdx xoec;U$

Pmolc yxkdcy bvc fcod` ibyx, ox ymkslh fc vcibllch xmbx bjxcv @cvebd xkkn fbin xmcYshcdxcdlbdh jvke Iwcimkylkzbnob, QKLBDH YCOWCH XMC XCVVOXKV_ KJ

XVCYIMCD JVKE XMC IWCIMY pmoim ox mbh dk ilboey xkpbvh ox$ Yk, bjxcv xmc Gcpymbh o`doxch b pbv od Csvkqc, ox pby jksdh xk fc dcicyybv xk hvbp Becvoib odxk xmbx pbv byJvbdic mbh jbllcd bdh Fvoxbod xkxxcvch kd xmc fvodn kj hcjcbx$

Xk fvod` xmc S$Y$ odxk xmoy Gcpoym pbv, Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv mbh xmc ycvzoicy kj b ebyxcv bxikvvsqx qkloxoiy %% xmc kdc bdh kdl Jvbdnlod Hclbdk Vkkyczclx ^PMK POLL POXMKSXHKSFX, YKECHB_ @K HKPD BY XMC @VCBXCYX XVBOXKV BECVOIB MBYCZCV NDKPDU$

Odxcvcyxod`l cdks`m, Ikl$ Isvxoy Hbll pmk pby kdic JHV'y ykd%od%lbp biisych Vkkyczclxkj fcod` qbvxl Gcpoym$ Od bd czcdx, Vkkyczclx pby ysvvksdhch f qlcdx kj Gcp bhzoykvyysim by Fcvdbvh Fbvsim, Y$O$ Vkycdebd, Yohdc Pcodfsv`, Yohdc Mollebd bdh Jclo}

Jvbdnjsvxcv$



Qb`c | 8=

Jkv xmc jovyx xoec, Gcpv mbh b Qvcyohcdx pmk pby xkxbll ysfycvzocdx xk xmce bdh xmcyqbvch dk cjjkvx xk nccq moe od kjjoic$ Jkv c}beqlc, pmcd ox bqqcbvch xmbx Ycdbxkv Msc Lkd`pkslh hcjcbx Vkkyczclx jkv xmc 2?9? Hcekivbxoi dkeodbxokd, mc pby byybyyodbxch f Hv$ IbvlPcoyy, b Gcp$

Dczcvxmclcyy, Becvoibd qsfloi kqodokd pby kzcvpmcleod`l kqqkych xk bd odzklzcecdx

od PP OO$ Ebd Becvoibdy vcblowch xmc mbh fccd hsqch odxk PP O bdh pcvc dkx odxcvcyxchod lkyod` xmc lozcy kj xmcov lkzch kdcy od b pbv xmbx kjjcvch dk fcdcjoxy xk xmc S$Y$

Od cjjcix, Becvoibdy pcvc mcchod` xmc bhzoic kj @ckv`c Pbymod`xkd od moy “JbvcpcllBhhvcyy― ^xmbx oy pm xmc isvvcdx ibeqbo`d xk hoyivchox ksv jksdhod` jbxmcvy oy fcod` pb`ch,yk xmbx pc poll hoyvc`bvh xmcov @kh òzcd bhzoic> gsyx by xmc Qvkyxoxsxc Ilcv` kj Kv`bdowchVcloòkd kj xkhb bvc fvodòd` hoy`vbic bdh ymbec sqkd xmc dbec kj xmc Lkvh Gcysy Imvoyx, ykxmbx xmc ksd`cv `cdcvbxokdy poll hoyvc`bvh xmc xcbimod`y kj xmc XVSC ECD KJ @KHUpmcvc mc pbvdch xmbx Becvoibdy esyx dkx fcikec odzklzch od cdxbd`lod` bllobdicy poxmjkvco`d dbxokdy$

Xmkyc Qbxvokxy pmk jkllkpch Pbymod`xkd'y yksdh bhzoic pcvc HOYQBVB@OD@L_VCJCVVCH XK BY “OYKLBXOKDOYXY,― fsx xmc pcvc, od bixsblox, dcsxvbloyxy$ XmsyIkd`vcyy, bixod` kd xmc poll kj xmc qckqlc, qbyych xmc Dcsxvblox Bix kj 2?93 pmoimcefbv`kch bd S$Y$ bvey jvke fcod` ycdx xk b pbvvod` dbxokd$

Bfksx xmvcc cbvy lbxcv, od 2?9=, Vcqvcycdxbxozc Lksoy Lshlkp kj Odhobdb odxvkhsich bvcyklsxokd vcrsovod` b qsfloi zkxc kj ysqqkvx kj bd hcilbvbxokd kj pbv f Ikd`vcyy$ Vkkyczclxbdh xmc Gcpy ndcp xmoy ecbysvc ikslh cbyol hcyxvk xmcov cjjkvxy, yk bd bll ksx bxxbin kd xmcvcyklsxokd pby lbsdimch$ By b vcyslx, xmc Lshlkp foll pby dbvvkpl hcjcbxch$ Xmc Gcpy mbh`kkh vcbykd xk flkin xmc vcyklsxokd jkv xmc Becvoibd Odyxoxsxc jkv Qsfloi Kqodokd ^BOQKUvclcbych bx xmbx xoec b qkll ymkpod` =9# kj xmc ioxowcdy kqqkych xk S$Y$ odxcvzcdxokd od bdCsvkqcbd pbv$

Ekvckzcv, od Bqvol 2?9?, hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj pbv jczcv, b pmkqqod` ?3# kqqkychBecvoibd cdxv odxk b pbv b`bodyx @cvebd$ Xmbx'y vo`mx, zovxsbll czcv ioxowcd pby yksdhlb`bodyx xmc S$Y$ odzklzod` oxyclj od b jkvco`d pbv ^fsx sdjkvxsdbxcl xmoy jbix mby fccdjkv`kxxcd by b vcyslx kj b hcls`c kj jblyc qvkqb`bdhb f ksv ikdxvkllch dcpy echobU$ By bvcyslx, Ikd`vcyy yxvcd`xmcdch xmc Dcsxvblox Bix f fbvvod` ikeecvic bdh xvbzcl, by pcll bybvey, xk bd fcllo`cvcdx qkpcv$

Bx xmoy qkodx, xmc Gcpy fc`bd xk ymkp yo`dy kj hcyqcvbxokd fsx xmcyc pol ebdoqslbxkvy kj pkvlh czcdxy yxoll mbh b jcp xvoiny sq xmcov ikllcixozc ylcczc$ Yk, od 2?9? bd oeecdycqvkqb`bdhb ibeqbo`d, xmc loncy kj pmoim mbh dczcv fcjkvc fccd yccd, pby lbsdimch$ Dk yxkdcpby lcjx sdxsvdch od Gcpv'y byybslx kd xmc eodhy kj xmc Becvoibd qckqlc$ Kdc pby

fkefbvhch poxm xmc ekyx ksxlbdhoym locy bfksx Moxlcv bdh @cvebd jvke bll yohcy> oddcpyqbqcvy, eb`bwodcy, fkkny, vbhok bdh ekxokd qoixsvcy$ JHV blyk sdlcbymch xmc qkpcvjsl,qcvysbyozc xcimdorscy kj xmc jchcvbl `kzcvdecdx od xmc floxw xk 'mbxc @cvebd$'

Xk `cx bd ohcb kj gsyx mkp jbv xmoy qvkqb`bdhb bxxbin pcdx, kdc ymkslh dkxc xmbx GcpXmckhkvc Nbsjebd pvkxc b fkkn cdxoxlch “@cvebd Esyx Qcvoym,― pmoim ksxlodch b qlbd xkc}xcveodbxc @cvebdy f yxcvolowod` 8= eollokd kj xmce$

Fcloczc ox kv dkx, xmoy ibll jkv `cdkiohc f b Gcp pby pcll vcicozch od ebd odjlscdxobliovilcy$ Ikdzcvycl, @cvebd dczcv ibvvoch ksx b 'mklkibsyx' b`bodyx xmc Gcpy, fsx bjxcv xmcpbv, pby biisych kj hkod` yk bd pb$ Xmoy “mklkibsyx― mkb} xvseqch sq f Gcpv mby fccdsych yodic PP OO xk hozcvx bxxcdxokd jvke xmcov kpd ebimodbxokdy xk qlsd`c Becvoib odxk xmc

ebclyxvke kj cx bdkxmcv pbv$



Qb`c | 8?

Xmc Gcp kvimcyxvbxch byybslx kj mbxc b`bodyx @cvebd pby ysiicyyjsl od ikpcvodÌkd`vcyy odxk lojxod` xmc bvey cefbv`k bdh bllkpch xmc jvcc jlkp kj pcbqkdy xk Fvoxbod bdhlbxcv xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd$ Xmoy bixokd ebhc S$Y$ ymoqy ibvvod` xmc bvey jbov xbv`cxy jkv@cvebd ysfy> FSX DK BXXBINY KIISVVCH ^fsx Becvoibd ysfebvodcy pcvc bxxbinod`@cvebd ymoqqod` od zoklbxokd kj xmc Dcsxvblox BixU, pmoim oy icvxbodl khh fcmbzokv jkv b

'ebhebd' ^MoxlcvU fcdx kd 'pkvlh vslc$'Pmolc Ikd`vcyy ysiisefch xk xmc fbvvb`c kj mbxc qvkqb`bdhb, xmc qsfloi vcebodch xkxbll

b`bodyx xmc pbv$ Jkv odyxbdic, od Kixkfcv 2?81 bfksx =9# qkllch pcvc kqqkych xk S$Y$odzklzcecdx$ Od Bqvol 2?82, ox pby =3# b`bodyx bdh od Gsl 2?82, kqqkyoxokd pby qc``ch bx bmcblxm 0?#$ Dkx ysvqvoyod`l, xmc qkllyxcvy rsox bynod` xmc rscyxokd bx xmoy qkodx, by JHV bdhGcpv mbh bll fsx `kxxcd pbv kjjoiobll hcilbvch$

F 2?81, Vkkyczclx mbh vbeech xmvks`m Ikd`vcyy b hvbjx bdh ikdyivoqxokd blxmks`m qkllyodhoibxch bx lcbyx 31# kj xmc qsfloi pby b`bodyx ysim b ekzc$ F dkp ox ymkslh fc qcvjcixlkfzoksy xmbx Pkvlh Gcpv mbh fc`sd qlbddod` jkv S$Y$ cdxv odxk xmc pbv BX LCBYXXMVCC _CBVY FCJKVC QCBVL MBVFKV, hcyqoxc kzcvpmcleod` kqqkyoxokd$

Yqcbnod` kj Qcbl Mbvfkv, ox oy oeqkvxbdx xk sdhcvyxbdh xmc ikeqlcxc jbixy ysvvksdhod` xmc'ysvqvoyc bxxbin$' Pmolc ?3# kj bll vcyqkdhcdxy pcvc kqqkych xk pbv od 2?9?, bfksx ?1#odhoibxch xmc pcvc pollod` xk jo`mx oj hovcixl bxxbinch$

Kqcvbxod` kd xmoy odjkvebxokd, Gcpv hoh czcvxmod` qkyyoflc xk `kbh coxmcv @cvebd kvOxbl odxk bxxbinod` Becvoib$ Mkpczcv, xmc fbox pby vcjsych by Moxlcv pby bxxceqxod` bx xmbxxoec xk dc`kxobxc b qcbic poxm Cd`lbdh, pmoim pby jlbxl vcgcixch f xmc Gcp lbinc Imsvimoll$

Xmsy Gcpv'y bxxcdxokd xsvdch xkpbvh Gbqbd, pmoim mbh b esxsbl hcjcdyc qbix poxm@cvebd bdh Oxbl$ Gbqbd mbh fccd cd`b`ch od b pbv poxm Imodb pmoim JHV bdh xmc Gcpyxvoch xk syc by bd c}isyc jkv Becvoibd odxcvzcdxokd, czcd xmks`m xmc czcdxy od Byob pcvc kj dkikdicvd xk Becvoib$ Gcpoym, dkx Becvoibd, odxcvcyxy mkpczcv pcvc pmbx ikdicvdch Vkkyczclxbdh od Gsl 2?82, mc jvkwc Gbqbdcyc byycxy od xmc S$Y$ bdh cefbv`kch xvbhc$

Xmoy pby vcbykd cdks`m xk hcilbvc pbv, fsx Gbqbd msefl qvkqkych xk yox hkpd bdhdc`kxobxc S$Y$%Gbqbdcyc hojjcvcdicy$ Odyxcbh kj biicqxod` xmc kjjcv, JHV ODYSLXCHGBQBDCYC BEFBYYBHKV DKESVB BDH VCJSYCH XK ECCX POXM QVOECEODOYXCV NKDK_C$

By b vcyslx, Nkdkc bdh moy “qcbic qbvx― pcvc vcqlbich f @cdcvbl Xkgk bdh moy “pbvqbvx,― cx Gbqbd ikdxodsch xk ebnc qcbic kzcvxsvcy kdl xk mbzc xmce bll jlbxl vcgcixch$JODBLL_, KD DKZCEFCV 6:, 2?82, VKKYCZCLX YCDX BD SLXOEBXSE XKGBQBD PMOIM BEKSDXCH XK B ZOVXSBL HCILBVBXOKD KJ PBV$

Xmoy slxoebxse, biikvhod` xk Qvkjcyykv Mbvv Clecv Fbvdcy, pby bixsbll hvbjxch f xmcGcp Mbvv Hc}xcv Pmoxc ^PcoyyU od ikllbfkvbxokd poxm Gcp Xvcbysv Ycivcxbv MbvvEkv`cdxmbs$ Ox pby xmoy slxoebxse, qcddch f xpk Gcpy, xmbx jkvich Gbqbd xk bxxbin kv clyc'lkyc jbic,' pmoim xk Kvocdxbl xmodnod` oy b jbxc pkvyc xmbd hcbxm$

XMC JODBL, YKVV_ CQOYKHC KJ XMOY HOY@SYXOD@ IMBOD KJ CZCDXY OYXMBX PBYMOD@XKD NDCP KJ XMC OEQCDHOD@ BXXBIN KD QCBVLMBVFKV BX LCBYX 26 MKSVY FCJKVC XMC FLKP JCLL, FSX VCJSYCH XKPBVD EOLOXBV_ KJJOICVY XMCVC ^Pmbx kxmcv dbec ikslh xmoy fc ndkpd kxmcv xmbdXVCBYKDU$ XMC S$Y$ MBH FCCD JKVCPBVDCH YODIC XMC GBQBDCYCECYYB@C IKHC MBH FCCD FVKNCD BDH BECVOIB PBY XMSY BFLC XK

EKDOXKV GBQBDCYC HOYQBXIMCY$ DK PKVH PBY YCDX XK QCBVLMBVFKV F_ JHV BDH XMC GCPY BY XMC ECYYB@CY VCZCBLCH XMBX XMC



Qb`c | 31

BXXBIN YMKSLH FC IBLLCH KJJ OJ OX BQQCBVCH XMBX XMC BECVOIBDYPCVC QVCQBVCH$

Yk Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv f `kod` xmvks`m xmc 'fbin hkkv' mbh ysiicyyjsll cdydbvch Becvoibodxk PP OO> b pbv xmbx pkslh ikyx eollokdy kj lozcy bdh follokdy kj hkllbvy$ Xmc fkxxke lodc kj xmc pbv pkslh fc b pkvlh sdhcv xmc xkxbl ysfgs`bxokd kj Gcpv xmvks`m oxy xpod bvey kj

Ikeesdoye bdh Wokdoye$

Xmcyc jbixy mbzc fccd ikzcvch sq bdh o`dkvch od xmc ebyy echob, Imbvlcy Lodhfcv`, jkvkdc, vcik`dowch pmcvc xmc jod`cv kj qvkkj qkodxch$ Od moy “Pbvxoec Gksvdbly,― mc yxbxcy xmbx'xmc Gcpy, xmc Vkkyczclx bheodoyxvbxokd, bdh Fvoxoym yeqbxmowcvy ikefodch xk cdiksvb`c xmcS$Y$ xk cdxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO$'

Lodhfcv` bdh kxmcv qbxvokxy yks`mx xk yxkq Gcpv'y pbv qlbdy f ycxxod` sq xmc BecvoibJovyx Ikeeoxxcc$ Xmc ikeeoxxcc jksdh pohcyqvcbh ysqqkvx, fsx ikslh dkx kzcvikec xmcfollokdy yqcdx f Gcpy xk fvbodpbym xmc qsfloi odxk biicqxod` pbv bjxcv Qcbvl Mbvfkv$ Bdh ox oyGcpv pmoim fcyx vcik`dowch pm xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OO$

'Xmc Becvoibd Mcfvcp,' od bd choxkvobl kj Gsl 68, 2?86, hcilbvch xmbx>&Pmcdczcv bd Becvoibd kv b Joloqodk jcll bx Fbxbbd kv Ikvvs`bxkv kv bx bd kxmcv kj

xmc dkp moyxkvoi yqkxy pmcvc EbiBvxmsv'y ecd qsx sq xmcov vcebvnbflc jo`mx, xmcovysvzozkvy ikslh mbzc yboh poxm xvsxm7 Xmc vcbl vcbykd xmbx fk pcdx xk moy hcbxm pbyfcibsyc Moxlcv‟y Bdxo%Yceoxoi ekzcecdx ysiicchch od @cvebd$ îbd ks dkx ycc ox;Pkvlh Pbv OO pby fcibsyc @cvebd bdh oxy qckqlc pcvc fcod` ysiicyyjsl od xmcov bxxceqxy xkxmvkp kjj xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpoym Fbdncvy Vslc kj xmcov iksdxv> @kh pmbx hkcy ox xbnc jkvBecvoib xk sdhcvyxbdh;U$&

Xmc bfkzc rskxbxokd jvke b Gcp dcpyqbqcv oy bd bheoyyokd xmbx xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OOkdl bx xmc fcmcyx kj Pkvlh Gcpv> b pbv Gcpv hcilbvch bll xmc pb fbin od 2?99""" Kj

iksvyc, xmoy bheoyyokd pby odxcdhch kdl jkv ikdyseqxokd f b Gcpoym bshocdic xk nccq xmceod xmc ndkp, pmoim xcdhy xk ebnc ox bll xmc ekvc vczcblod`$

Bd Becvoibd odzklzcecdx od b jkvco`d ikdjloix ymkslh fc gsh`ch by xk pmcxmcv ox oy od xmcfcyx odxcvcyx kj xmc Becvoibd dbxokd> cx xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OO fcibsyc ox pby od xmc fcyxodxcvcyx kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv$

Xmsy, xmc Gcpy jkvich xmc S$Y$ odxk pbv b`bodyx xmc qsfloi'y poll od 2?82 bdh xmc (:8eollokd rscyxokd oy poll ox mbqqcd b`bod; Czcdxy bvc blvcbh qkodxod` xkpbvhy b fsolh%sq kj pbv myxcvob$ Poxmksx b hksfx, Gcpv oy lcbhod` Becvoib f xmc dkyc xkpbvhy pbv od xmcEohhlc Cbyx kd fcmblj kj xmc fbdhox yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$ Poll pc lcbvd jvke xmc lcyykd kj xmc qbyx kvpoll pc kdic b`bod jodh ksvyclzcy jkvich odxk pbv jkv xmc fcdcjox kj Pkvlh Gcpv;

XMC FO@@CYX LOC7 Xmc fo``cyx loc od ekhcvd xoecy mby fccd xklh f xmc ikdxvkllchqvkqb`bdhb ebimodc$ Ox mby xk hk poxm xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy pmk hoch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$Gcpoym qcvokhoibly bdh qcvokhoibly ikdxvkllch f xmce sysbll ycx xmc jo`svc fcxpccd yo}eollokd bdh dodc eollokd$

B vcycbvim yxshcdx, pmk mby òzcd xmc ebxxcv esim xmks`m, c}qlkhcy xmoy loc poxm ykeczcv hczbyxbxod` lkòi bdh yxbxoyxoiy$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy b yseebv kj moy vcycbvim$ &Xbfs,& kv&xbfkk& oeqlocy xmbx icvxbod qcvykdy kv xmod`y bvc sdybjc jkv ibysbl ikdxbix bdh bvc dkx xk fclo`mxl bqqvkbimch, bdh xmoy hcjodoxokd kj xmc bdiocdx isyxke kj ebd ybzb`c xvofcy ebhc fxmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib hcyivofcy ekyx c}bixl xmc bxxoxshc kj qvbixoibll bll Becvoibd&echob& xkpbvh xmc jbdxbyxoi jo`svc kj xmc &Yo} Eollokd Gcpoym Zoixoey& pmk, bllc`chl

qcvoymch od Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy kj Fsimcdpblh, Ybimycdmksycd, Bsyimpoxw, cxi$



Qb`c | 32

Hsvod` xmc qbyx cbvy xmoy &xkkl& pby yk esim sych, bdh bfsych, f xmc Pkvlh Gcpv bdh oxyeksxmqocicy xmbx ox fc`bd xk lkyc oxy isxxod` ch`c, bdh ebd foxxcv ikeqlbodxy pcvc zkoich xmbxxmc pkvlh mbh &ypcqx xmkyc qkkv 'zoixoey' sdhcv xmc vs`& bdh hkcy dkx pbdx xk vcecefcv xmcebdekvc$

Xmc Coimebdd Xvobl `bzc b yqlcdhoh kqqkvxsdox xk fvsym kjj xmc hsyx jvke xmc `mkyxy kj

xmkyc &zoixoey,& bdh xmc pkvlh qvcyy hoh ox vcbll poxm b zcd`cbdic> czcv hb kdc ikslh vcbhxmc yivcbeod` mcbhlodcy bfksx xmc nollcv kj xmkyc &Yo} Eollokd Gcpy& bdh xmoy ybivbecdxbljo`svc pby vcqcbxch &bh Dbsycbe& od bll qkyyoflc ikefodbxokdy$ Lcx sy hbvc, mkpczcv, xkbqqvkbim xmoy ybivch &Xbfkk& poxmksx qvcgshoic, jcbv bdh xvcqohbxokd$ Lcx sy xvcbx ox vbxmcv by byoeqlc bvoxmecxoi qvkflce syod` jkv ksv iblislbxokdy kdl ysim hbxb pmoim dkfkh pmk oy kj bybdc eodh ibd ibll by fcod` &Bdxo%Yceoxoi& od kvoòd$

Vcxsvdod` fbin xk xmc ybec Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib, pc jodh xmcvc od Zkl$ ]OOO, q$ :9%F,^2?39 Ch$U ysim bd odxcvcyxod`, oj ykecpmbx befo`sksy, ycdxcdic bfksx xmkyc &zoixoey&7

&Oj fsx b jvbixokd kj xmc bxvkioxocy vcqkvxch pcvc biisvbxc, xmcd ebd XMKSYBDHY kj hcjcdyclcyy Gcpoym dkd%ikefbxbdxy, ecd, pkecd bdh imolhvcd pcvc fsximcvch bjxcvYcqxcefcv 2?9?$&

Xmc bsxmkvy kj xmoy bvxoilc ecdxokd XMKSYBDHY BDH DKX EOLLOKDY kj xmc qkyyoflc&zoixoey,& bdh qsx b ibsxoksy &OJ& bx xmc fcòddod` kj xmc ycdxcdic$ Mbh xmc ykec `vksdh xkqsx od hksfx xmc zcvbiox kj xmkyc vcqkvxy;

Bqqbvcdxl cy, bdh xmoy ibd fc qvkzch f xmc jkllkpod` vczcblod` odjkvebxokd7

&Hv$ Bbvkd Kmvcdyxcod, Imocj Vbffo kj Fbzbvob, pby ycdxcdich xk kdc cbv od qvoykd jkvjvbsh, jblyojoibxokd kj ypkvd yxbxcecdxy kj xmc dkd%c}oyxcdx 'zoixoey' kj Dbwo xcvvkvoye$& -Y$I$Ysdhb Qkyx, Gsl 22, 2?38/

Pc hkd'x ndkp, sdjkvxsdbxcl, mkp ebd qmkd &hcbh yksly& xmoy mkdkvbflc hkixkvodilshch od moy vcqkvx, bdh mkp ebd kxmcv hkixkvy bdh ikeekd ekvxbly hoh jkllkp od moyyxcqy fsx pcvc dkx ibs`mx od xmc bix$ Ox oy ybjc xk `scyy, mkpczcv, xmbx xmoy Vbffo pby dkx blkdc,fcibsyc kdl f ikdicdxvbxch bdh mo`ml kv`bdowch cjjkvxy kj ebd pollod` ikllbfkvbxkvyikslh ox fc qkyyoflc xk ivcbxc bdh xk ysyxbod ysim bd BFYSVH E_XM$ Gsyx jkv xmc ybnc kj ikeqbvoykd ox eo`mx fc ecdxokdch mcvc xmbx Gbqbd pmoim jks`mx jkv ebd cbvy pbyecviolcyyl fkefch bdh pby xmc zoixoe kj xmc jovyx xpk bxkeoi flbyxy, lkyx od hcbh hsvod` xmcqbyx pbv pby 9$2 eollokd &KDL_$& Vo`mx jvke xmc yxbvx kj ksv odzcyxo`bxokdy pc bvcikdjvkdxch poxm ysim b qswwlod` qvkflce7 PMOIM kj xmc jo`svcy kj &zoixoey& ecdxokdch fxmc Becvoibd qvcyy oy xmc c}bix kdc7 jksv eollokd; yo} eollokd; dodc eollokd; kv yxoll ekvc;

Xoec Eb`bwodc kdic hbvch xk qsfloym xmc lkpcyx jo`svc kj jksv eollokd$

Xmc Lky Bd`clcy Eovvkv od bd bvxoilc kj Bqvol 2?, 2?:2 xclly sy by jkllkpy7 &Xmc bixsbl ^;Uiksdx c}icchy : eollokd zoixoey$&

Dcpypccn Eb`bwodc byysvch rsoxc b jcp xoecy oxy ivchslksy vcbhcvy xmbx xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& ymkslh fc bx lcbyx yczcd eollokd$

Vbffo Yimslxw kj Dcp _kvn bhhy xk xmc yo} eollokd Gcpy nollch f Dbwoy 9$8 eollokd kj xmcYkzocx Gcpv lorsohbxch hsvod` xmc qkyx%pbv qsv`cy xmsy fvodòd` xmc xkxbl xk xmc yxb``cvod`jo`svc kj ?$8 eollokd &zoixoey$&

Xmc `cdcvbll bheoxxch dsefcv, by czcv imolh od Becvoib ndkpy, oy Yo} Eollokd, pmoim oycby xk vcecefcv bdh xk vcqcbx$ Fsx xmc yk%ibllch &kjjoiobl& cyxoebxc vclcbych kdic f xmc

gkodx Bd`lk%Becvoibd Ikeeoxxcc jo}cy poxm b ysvqvoyod` biisvbi xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& bx



Qb`c | 36

c}bixl 3,062,111" Lcx sy bheox jkv b ekecdx xmbx xmoy oy xmc ikvvcix bdypcv xk ksv rscyxokd,bdh lcx sy ycc mkp xmc Gcpoym%kpdch yxbxoyxoiy ikeql poxm ox$

Xkxbl dsefcv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd

od 2?9= by qcv odjkvebxokd kj xmc Gcpoym

yxbxoyxoibl Fsvcbs od xmc S$Y$ 23$0 eollokd

Dbxsvbl odivcbyc od xpk hcibhcy

odjkvebxokd kj, xmc Gcpoym Pkvlh Ikd`vcyy 2$1 eollokd

Xkxbl 2:$0 eollokd

Lcyy xmc &zoixoey& 3$0 eollokd

Ymkslh fc dkp Êb 2?08U 22$1 eollokd

Fsx od biikvhbdic poxm xmc hbxb ysqqloch f xmc ybec Ikd`vcyy xmcvc bvc7

Gcpy od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd 6$1 eollokd

Gcpy od xmc S$Y$ 3$6 eollokd

Gcpy od kxmcv iksdxvocy 8$: eollokd

Kv b xkxbl kj 22$= eollokd -Xoec,

Jcfvsbv 2=, 2?30/

Ox oy blvcbh 1$= eollokd EKVC xmbd ox ymkslh fc od biikvhbdic poxm xmc jovyx iblislbxokd$Ikdycrscdxl xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy oxyclj xbioxl b`vccy xmbx xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey&ibddkx fc czcd 3$0 eollokd, fsx ymkslh fc bfksx 8$? eollokd$ Yodic ox pkslh fc rsoxc hojjoislxjkv sy xk imcin sq kd xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy dkp vcyohod` bll kzcv xmc pkvlh ksxyohc xmc Ykzocx

Sdokd bdh xmc S$Y$, lcx sy bheox xmc jo`svc kj 8$: eollokd by òzcd f xmc Ikd`vcyy oy xmcikvvcix kdc$

Fsx biikvhod` xk xmc lbyx Ykzocx icdysy kj qkqslbxokd xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy lozod` xmcvc oyylo`mxl bfkzc 9 eollokd, bdh DKX 6 eollokd by ilboech f xmc Ikd`vcyy$ -Ycc xmc Ykzocxyxbxoyxoiy qsfloymch f xmc Gcpoym%choxch dcpyqbqcv Dcp Vsyyobd Pkvlh kj D$_$I$,Ycqxcefcv 91, 2?:1/ Ysfxvbixod` xmoy &lkyx& eollokd kj Gcpy &jksdh& dkp od xmc SYYV jvkexmc bfkzc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& pc ymbll `cx ksv ycikdh &ikvvcixch& jo`svc7 8$? eollokd, eodsy2 eollokd, crsbly 9$? eollokd$

Fsx oj xmc yboh Ikd`vcyy ikslh &bhgsyx& xmc Ykzocx Gcpoym qkqslbxokd f kdc xmovh, ymkslhpc bheox poxmksx rscyxokdod` xmc ysyqoioksyl lkp jo`svc kj 3$6 eollokd Gcpy dkp, bllc`chl,

vcyohod` od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy;

Biikvhod` xk xmc jo`svcy vclcbych kdic f xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc xmc Gcpoymqkqslbxokd kj xmc S$Y$ pby od 2?20 9$60# kj xmc xkxbl> od 2?60 9$3=#> bdh od 2?90 9$:?#$Czcvfkh ndkpy xmbx fcyohcy xmc dkvebl dbxsvbl odivcbyc xmcvc pby hsvod` xmc lbyx xpkhcibhcy b xvcecdhksy odjls} kj Gcpoym oeeo`vbdxy, fkxm lc`bl bdh ollc`bl, xk xmc mkyqoxbflcBecvoibd ymkvcy$

Fsx, ysvqvoyod`l cdks`m, xmc vclbxozc qvkqkvxokd kj Gcpy xk kxmcv qkqslbxokdy kj xmc S$Y$vcòyxcvch b ymbvq HVKQ bdh oy dkp, oj pc mbzc xk fcloczc xmc Ikd`vcyy cyxoebxc, kdl 6$?#kj xmc xkxbl$ ^3$6 eollokd kj 2=1 eollokdU$ MKP ikslh ysim b &eovbilc& mbqqcd;"" Pkslh ox dkxfc ekvc lkòibl xk ysqqkyc xmbx xmoy czcv%odivcbyod` od xmc qbyx cbvy qcvicdxb`c ymkslh fc

dkp ykecpmcvc fcxpccd 8$3#%3#, ô$c$ =%? eollokd kj Gcpoym qkqslbxokdU, fsx f dk qkyyoflcecbdy ikslh ox hvkq FCLKP xmc 2?90 lczcl;



Qb`c | 39

Lcx sy bqqvkbim xmc ybec rscyxokd jvke bdkxmcv bd`lc$ Xoec, -Kixkfcv 92, 2?:1/, rskxod`xmc _cbvfkkn kj Becvoibd Imsvimcy jkv 2?:1, vcqkvxch xmbx xmcvc bvc 3$3 eollokd kj &qvbixoiod`& Gcpy od xmc Yxbxcy$ Kv, od kxmcv pkvhy, yodic xmc XKXBL kjjoiobll bheoxxchdsefcv kj Gcpy oy kdl 3$6 eollokd od Becvoib, EKVC XMBD B MSDHVCH QCVICDX kj xmc Gcpy bvc vcòyxcvch poxm xmcov vcloòksy ikeesdoxocy;" MKP ikslh ysim b ycikdh

&eovbilc& mbqqcd;Xmbx dkx bll xmc Gcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy bvc xmc &qvbixoiod`& kdcy qvkzcy xmc jkkxdkxc od

xmc ybec Xoec Eb`bwodc kj Jcfvsbv 22, 2?30 pmcvc ox oy yxbxch xmbx kdl 21$:# kj xmc Dcp_kvn Iox qkqslbxokd qvkjcyy Gcpoym Jboxm, blxmks`m xmc XKXBL qcvicdxb`c kj Gcpv od xmbxIox oy bfksx 6=#$ Yk, bheoxxchl, ekvc xmbd KDC MBLJ kj xmc D$_$I$ Gcpy bvc vcloòksylodhojjcvcdx bdh bvc dkx vcòyxcvch poxm xmcov ydb`k`scy$ Biikvhod` xk xmc yxbxoyxoiy, ksx kj 211Becvoibdy :6 fclkd` xk kdc kv bdkxmcv imsvim `vksq$

Byyseod` xmbx kxmcv Gcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy bvc ekvc vcloòksy xmbd xmcov Dcp _kvn ikdjvcvcy, pc ymbll bqql xmbx bzcvb`c vslc xk xmc pmklc Becvoibd Gcpoym ikeesdox$ Xmcd, oj xmcvc bvc 3$3 eollokd kj &qvbixoiod`& Gcpy ^:6#U, xmcvc ymkslh fc fcyohcy b fblbdic kj bfksx

9$9 eollokd ^9=#U kj xmkyc pmk bvc dkx &qvbixoiod`$& Bhhod` xmkyc xpk jo`svcy xk`cxmcv pc `cx=$= eollokd pmoim ymkslh fc, bqqvk}oebxcl, xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj Gcpy dkp vcyohod` od xmcYxbxcy$

Xmoy jo`svc, fcod` bfksx 8$?# kj xmc xkxbl Becvoibd qkqslbxokd, oy od biikvh poxm ksv jovyxiblislbxokd fbych kd xmc qcvicdxb`c$ Ox oy, poxmksx bd hksfx, jbv ekvc qlbsyoflc xmbd xmcvohoislksyl lkp jo`svc kj 3$6 eollokd by òzcd f xmc Ikd`vcyy$ Xmoy c}icyy kj xmc Gcpoymqkqslbxokd od xmc Yxbxcy, ^=$= eollokd, eodsy 3$6 eollokd, crsbly 9$: eollokdU, òzcy sy xmc jsllvo`mx xk isx hkpd hvbyxoibll xmc dsefcv kj xmc &zoixoey& jkv xmc xmovh, bdh lbyx, xoec fcibsyc,by ox oy rsoxc kfzoksy jvke xmc bfkzc iblislbxokdy, xmc dsefcv kj xmc Becvoibd Gcpy pby blyk&bhgsyxch& f ekvc xmbd kdc xmovh$ Kxmcvpoyc ox pkslh fc yoeql oeqkyyoflc xk ysyxbod jkv yk

ebd cbvy xmc exm kj xmc EOLLOKDY kj Gcpoym &zoixoey$&Bdh xmsy, jodbll, pc `cx7 9$? eollokd, eodsy 9$: eollokd &jksdh& od xmc Yxbxcy crsbly7 1$9

eollokd %% pmoim oy xmc BIXSBL BQQVK]OEBXC DSEFCV KJ GCPY PMK“QVKFBFL_― QCVOYMCH OD CSVKQC HSVOD@ XMC LBYX PBV$ Ox eo`mx mbqqcd,kj iksvyc, xmbx pc bvc mcvc b jcp xcdy kj xmksybdhy &zoixoey& kjj xmc ebvn, fsx, od bllqvkfbfolox, xmc jo`svc ibddkx c}icch 1$8 eollokd bdh ymkslh fc fcxpccd 611 bdh 811xmksybdh$ Ikdycrscdxl xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd bx qvcycdx ymkslh fc ysim7

Od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd 9$1 eollokd

Od xmc S$Y$ =$= eollokd

Od kxmcv iksdxvocy 8$: eollokdXKXBL 2:$8 eollokd

By bd bhhoxokdbl, oj odhovcix, qvkkj kj xmc ebyyozc jkv`cv kj xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& lcx syrskxc mcvc b jcp vczcblod` qbyyb`cy xbncd jvke xmc qb`cy kj xmc Becvoibd qvcyy7

Vcsxcv, -Ycqx$ 29, 2?3=/, vcqkvxch xmbx od xmc jbeksy Fsimcdpblh ibeq pmcvc, bllc`chl,EOLLOKDY kj Gcpy blkdc qcvoymch, b ecekvobl pby hchoibxch xk xmc 3:,111 qvoykdcvy kj BLL DBXOKDBLOXOCY pmk hoch xmcvc hsvod` xmc pbv$ MKP OY OX QKYYOFLC JKVEOLLOKDY KJ GCPY XK MBZC HOCH XMCVC PMCD KDL_ 3:,111 KJ BLLDBXOKDBLOXOCY7 PMOIM PKSLH MBZC ODILSHCH XMC GCPY PMK YBOH XKMBZC HOCH XMCVC;;;



Qb`c | 38

Dcpypccn, -Kix$ 60, 2?3=/, yboh xmbx b icvxbod Ykv`c Yimsfcvx, pmk pby od imbv`c kj xmcYbimycdmksycd ibeq, PBY BIISYCH KJ ESVHCVOD@ 2?= GCPY bdh 21,111Vsyyobdy$ OYD‟X OX BEBWOD@ XMC GCPY ILBOE EOLLOKDY HOCH BX YBIMCD%MKSYCD FSX DCPYPCCN VCQKVXY XMBX KDL_ 2?= GCPY HOCH XMCVC$

Xoec, -Ebvim 69, 2?3?/, yxbxch>

&Cvoim Nkim, -@bslcoxcv kj Snvbodc/$$$yxkkh biisych kj vcyqkdyofolox kv ikeqloiox od`by%imbefcv bdh ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq hcbxm kj 8,111,111 Vsyyobdy, 2:1,111 Gcpy bdh 06,111Qklcy$&

Xmc hovcixkv kj Bsyimpoxw mby fccd jolech kd zohck%xbqc BHEOXXOD@ XMBX XMC YK%IBLLCH @BY IMBEFCVY, XMCVC, PBY IKDYXVSIXCH BJXCV XMC PBV$ Odb hvbebxoi bdh sdqvcichcdxch jolech odxcvzocp, Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, ycdokv isvbxkv bdhhovcixkv kj bvimozcy bx xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse> bheoxy kd ibecvb xmbx &Nvceb O,& xmcbllc`ch &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv& ymkpd kjj xk msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy czcv cbv bxxmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq, oy, od jbix, b vcikdyxvsixokd, JBFVOIBXCH BJXCV XMC PBVF_ XMC YKZOCX SDOKD7 bqqbvcdxl kd xmc hovcix kvhcvy kj hoixbxkv Gkycqm Yxblod$ PmbxQoqcv yboh, od cjjcix % bdh kd ibecvb % pby xmbx xmc c}qlkyozc Lcsimcv Vcqkvx pby ikvvcix7 DKMKEOIOHBL @BYYOD@Y XKKN QLBIC OD XMC FSOLHOD@Y HCYO@DBXCH“MKEOIOHBL @BY IMBEFCVY― BX BSYIMPOXW"

Ovkdoibll, jkv ykeckdc xk czcd ys``cyx ysim b xmod` ikslh fvod` b gbol ycdxcdic od ekvcxmbd kdc iksdxv, odilshod` cdlo`mxcdch dbxokdy lonc Jvbdic, Ibdbhb bdh @cvebd$ ~Gsyx byn Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzodù$ Xmc zohckxbqc kd pmoim Qoqcv ebncy moy vczclbxokdy pbyxbncd od eoh%2??6 F_ B _KSD@ GCPOYM ODZCYXO@BXKV, HBZOH IKLC$ Ox mby gsyxfccd vclcbych, kd Gbdsbv 2, 2??9, blxmks`m Iklc bddksdich moy qvkgcix bx xmc 22xmOdxcvdbxokdbl Vczoyokdoyx Ikdjcvcdic bx Ovzodc, Iblojkvdob lbyx Kixkfcv$

Lonc ekyx Becvoibdy, yodic moy ksxm Iklc mbh fccd odyxvsixch od xmc &ovvcjsxbflc jbix& xmbxmkeoiohbl `byyod`y mbh xbncd qlbic bx Bsyimpoxw$ Xmc dsefcv kj xmkyc yk c}cisxch % blykhcilbvch ovvcjsxbflc % pby 8$2 eollokd$ Xmcd ibec xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx od 2?==$ Xmoy pbyjkllkpch f b &vc%czblsbxokd& kj xmc xkxbl hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw ~hkpd xk 2$2 eollokdu$ By bfshhod` moyxkvobd, bdh b Gcp, Iklc pby odxvo`sch$

Qvczoksy xk 2??6, bdkdc pmk qsfloil hksfxch xmc 8$2 eollokd &`byyod`& hcbxmy bxBsyimpoxw pby lbfclch bd bdxo%Yceoxc, dck%Dbwo ynodmcbh ~bx xmc zcv lcbyxu$ Rsocxl,fcibsyc kj vczoyokdoyx jodhod`y, xmc kjjoiobl jo`svc mby lkpcvch xk 2$2 eollokd$ Dk ecdxokd kj xmbx eoyyod` 9 eollokd$

Od xmc pkvhy kj Hv$ Polmcle Yxb`loim, bdkxmcv odxcvdbxokdbll ndkpd moyxkvobd, &XMC

C]XCVEODBXOKD XMCYOY YXBDHY KV JBLLY POXM XMC BLLC@BXOKD XMBXBSYIMPOXW PBY B ”HCBXM JBIXKV_$‟―

Poxm xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx od eodh, Iklc xkkn moy zohck crsoqecdx xk Bsyimpoxw bdhodxcvzocpch kjjoiobl qcvykddcl xmcvc$ Qoqcv pby xmc ekyx oeqkvxbdx kj xmcyc odxcvzocpccy$Jkllkpod` moy ikeecdx xmbx xmc &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy& pcvc jbfvoibxokdy, Qoqcv vczcbly,kd ibecvb, mkp pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd, mklcy ebhc od xmc icolod` bdh &Wnlkd F odhsixokdimoedcy& odyxbllch kd xmc vkkj yk xmbx xmc fsolhod` ikslh fc c}mofoxch xk xksvoyxy jvke bll kzcvxmc pkvlh by qvkkj kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$&

Bdh Qoqcv hkcyd'x yxkq xmcvc$ Mc hcyivofcy kxmcv &qvkkjy& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd,& pmoim bvcblyk &vcikdyxvsixokdy$& Mc hoyisyycy xmc vksxodc syc kj Wnlkd F xk hclksyc fsolhod`y bdh xmc

qcvykdbl cjjcixy kj odxcvdccy, bdh mc bheoxy, kd ibecvb, xmbx xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx'y jodhod`yikdicvdod` Wnlkd F vcyohscy od xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw bvc vo`mx$ Mc xmcd,



Qb`c | 33

qbvbhk}oibll, bjjovey moy fclocj, dkx kdl od mkeoiohbl &`byyod` imbefcvy,& fsx blyk od xmc&msebd ykbq& xblcy bdh xmc yxkvocy bfksx &msebd ynod& lbeqymbhcy, fkxm kj pmoim bllc`bxokdypmoim lkd` b`k mbzc fccd xkxbll hcfsdnch$ Bdh xmc vczclbxokdy `k kd$

Od xmc zohck, ks xksv Bsyimpoxw poxm Iklc bdh mcbv moe fcod` xklh xmbx xmc ebod ibeq&`by imbefcv& ~Nvceb Ou oy od oxy &kvoòdbl yxbxc$& _ks poll ycc xmc sdhbsdxch Iklc byn yk

ebd rscyxokdy bfksx xmc kfzoksyl vohoislksy dbxsvc kj xmoy &`by imbefcv& xmbx xmc `sohcjccly ox dcicyybv xk ibll mcv ysqcvzoykv kzcv xk bdypcv xmc ksd` moyxkvobd$

Xmc Iklc zohckxbqc qvkzcy xmbx xmc qckqlc pmk vsd xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse mbh ebhcb qvbixoic kj jbfvoibxod` &qvkkjy& kj mkeoiohbl `byyod`y$ Nccq od eodh xmbx kzcv xmc cbvy,eollokdy kj xksvoyxy mbzc fccd xklh xmbx Nvceb O oy od oxy kvoòdbl yxbxc, pmolc xmc kjjoiobly ndcpxmbx xmoy &kvoòdbl yxbxc& pby+oy b loc$ Xmc qkloxoibl, vcloòksy, jodbdiobl bdh moyxkvoiblvbeojoibxokdy kj xmoy qvkkj kj dk `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw ibddkx fc ecbysvch$ Iksqlchpoxm xmc Lcsximcv Vcqkvx, xmc Iklc zohckxbqc qvkzcy xmbx pmbx czcv Pcyxcvd @kzcvdecdx mbyxbs`mx yodic Pkvlh Pbv OO oy b loc$ -Xmc Yqkxlo`mx, Gbdsbv 2=, 2??9, q$ 62, f Q$ YbesclJkdcv/

Pc fcloczc, bll xmbx oy yxbxch bfkzc ymkslh fc ekvc xmbd ysjjoiocdx xk qvkzc xmbx xmcibsxoksy bqqvkbim kj xmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib xk xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym &zoixoey& pby,odhcch, rsoxc sdhcvyxbdhbflc$ Pc bvc blyk odilodch xk b`vcc poxm xmoy sysbll vclobflc yksvic kj odjkvebxokd xmbx XMC XKXBL DSEFCV KJ XMKYC GCPOYM “ZOIXOEY― YMKSLHFC C]QVCYYCH OD XMKSYBDHY BDH DKX OD EOLLOKDY PMOIM BVC XMCVCYSLX KJ XMC EKYX YMBECLCYY BDH BVVK@BDX GCPOYM QVKQB@BDHBEBIMODC PMOIM ODIVCBYCH XMC BIXSBL DSEFCV KJ GCPY PMKQCVOYMCH HSVOD@ XMC LBYX PBV BX LCBYX JOJXCCD%JKLH" -Xmoy bvxoilc pbypvoxxcd pmcd bll Becvoibd qvcyy ysqqkvxch xmc Gcpoym exm xmbx xmcvc bvc kdl 3$6 eollokdGcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy> jodbll kd Gbd$ 29, 2?:8, xmc Gcpoym%kpdch Dcpypccn Eb`bwodc

od oxy bvxoilc &Kdl PBYMY;& bheoxxch xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj Becvoibd Gcpy od xmc jkllkpod`ycdxcdicy7 'F ikdxvbyx, Gcpy ebnc sq bfksx 3 qcvicdx kj xmc qkqslbxokd ôd xmc YxbxcyU bdhekvc xmbd = qcvicdx kj bll ikllc`c `vbhsbxcy$' Pmoim oy C]BIXL_ XMC YBEC QCVICDXB@C pmoim pc iblislbxch bfkzc/

Xmoy oy fsx kdc kj xmvcc qvkflcey pmoim mbzc qlb`sch xmc qvkqb`bdhoyxy pmk pbdx xk ilboexmbx Moxlcv c}xcveodbxch xmc Gcpy kj Icdxvbl Csvkqc, &Yo} Eollokd& kj xmce7 Xmc ycikdh oy xmbxhcyqoxc ydkkqod` bll kzcv Csvkqc bdh clycpmcvc xmc mbzc dkx jksdh bd Xmovh Vcoim kvhcv xkc}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy> xmc xmovh oy xmbx xmc &Yo} Eollokd& c}xcveodbxch Gcpy dkpmcvc lcjx bdynclcxkdy, dkx czcd bd bymcy$ Czcd oj xmc yo} eollokd mbh fccd ivcebxch xmc pkslh mbzcqolch sq b eksdxbod kj :1,111 ecxvoi xkdy ^6681 lfy$ qcv ecxvoi xkdU kj bymcy$ Pmcd xmcYkzocx%Fklymczon%Gcpoym% Vsyyobdy esvhcvch xmc Qkloym QKP'y bx Nbxd, b jcp cbvy lbxcv xmc

ikvqycy kj 8,611 pcvc jksdh poxm b fsllcx od xmcov dciny$ Fsx kj xmc yo} eollokd bllc`chl&`byych Gcpy& DK VCEBODY, DK @VBZCY, DK FKDCY, DK BYMCY, DKJVB@ECDXY KJ BD_ NODH MBZC FCCD JKSDH"""

PMCVC XMC GCPY KJ ICDXVBL CSVKQC PCDX7 Fsx pmbx mby fccd jksdh oymsdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj Gcpy od iksdxvocy pmcvc xmc mbh dkx fccd od 2?9?$ Kd Gsdc 22,2?09, xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Xvofsdc, b Gcpoym%ikdxvkllch qbqcv, fkbyxch xmbx>

&Bfksx 311,111 kj Oyvbcl'y 6$: eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd od b Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq$&

Kfzoksyl oj xmcvc mbh fccd b Moxlcv kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy xmcov fkdcy ^kv xmcovbymcyU pkslh fc od Icdxvbl Csvkqc$ Ykec kxmcv c}beqlcy7 od 2?9?, Jvbdic mbh 611,111 Gcpy,

fsx dkp ox mby ?11,111> @vcbx Fvoxbod xmcd 911,111, dkp :11,111 Ibdbhb xmcd lcyy xmbd231,111, dkp 811,111> Bv`cdxodb xmcd 611,111, dkp =11,111$



Qb`c | 3:

Od xmc S$Y$ pmcvc xmcvc pcvc qcvmbqy jozc eollokd, xmcvc bvc dkp, biikvhod` xk pmbx Fcd@svokd, pmolc mc pby blozc, cyxoebxch, jvke dodc xk xpclzc eollokd, yk ebd od jbix xmbx xmcIcdysy Fsvcbs mby fccd jkvfohhcd xk iksdx xmce, by xmc ymccv dsefcvy kj xmce pkslh fccefbvvbyyod` jkv xmc Gcpy, bdh pkslh ikeqlcxcl hcyxvk xmc &Yo} Eollokd& E_XM"

Xmc jbix oy Gcpoym ibysblxocy hsvod` xmc pbv ibd kdl fc ikeqolch f crsbxod` xmc Gcpy od

xmc zbvoksy iksdxvocy kj xmc pkvlh dkp ^kv od 2?31U poxm xmkyc od 2?99%2?9?$ Odyxcbhqvkqb`bdhoyxy ysfxvbix xmc Gcpy od Icdxvbl Csvkqc bjxcv xmc pbv jvke xmkyc xmcvc fcjkvc bdhibll xmc hojjcvcdic &ebyybivch$&

Czcd vcqsxbflc moyxkvobdy, by jkv c}beqlc Gkmd @sdxmcv, jbll odxk xmoy clcecdxbv jbllbi7 kj hoymkdcyx$ Mc pvkxc7 &Kj xmc 9,311,111 Qkloym Gcpy pmk lozch od xmbx iksdxv fcjkvc xmc pbv,dkx lcyy xmbd xmvcc eollokd pcvc esvhcvch f xmc @cvebdy$ Xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpyysvzozod` od Qklbdh oy kdl fcxpccd 01,111 bdh =1,111$& -Qmolbhclqmob Odrsovcv, Jcfvsbv 21,2?8?/

Xmc eollokdy kj Gcpy pmk vcxvcbxch odxk Ykzocx%Vsyyob bdh pmk jlch odxk kxmcv iksdxvocy@sdxmcv yoeql pvoxcy kjj by &ebyybivch$& Od 2?91 xmcvc pcvc 6,8==,111 @cvebdy od CbyxQvsyyob$

Pmcd f 2?8: xmc Ykzocx%Vsyyobdy bdh Qklcy `kx jodoymch vbqod` bdh lkkxod` bdhxcvvkvowod`, kdl b jcp xmksybdh Cbyx Qvsyyobdy pcvc lcjx xmcvc$ Hk xmc loncy kj @sdxmcvikdilshc xmbx xmc Vsyyobdy bdh Qklcy &ebyybivch& xmc kxmcv xpk qlsy eollokd CbyxQvsyyobdy;;; Xmc hk dkx$ Czcd xmks`m od jbix kzcv 611,111 pcvc esvhcvch f xmcc}qslyokdoyx Qklcy bdh Vsyyobdy, xmc floxmcl qbyy kzcv xmcyc bdh byysec bll xmc 6,8==,111bvc ybjc od @cvebd"

PMBX MBQQCDCH XK XMC @CVEBDY KJ CBYX QVSYYOB, YOLCYOB,YSHCXCDLBDH;7 Xmc qvkqb`bdhoyxy, pmk ibll czcv Gcp dk lkd`cv od Icdxvbl Csvkqc&c}xcveodbxch,& hk dkx ibll xmc 8,33=,182 @cvebdy dk lkd`cv od Yolcyob bjxcv xmc Qklcyxcvvkvowch xmce od 2?83%2?8: esvhcvch, xmks`m xpcdx qcvicdx kj xmce pcvc> xmc yes`libll xmce &xvbdyjcvvch& xk @cvebd> yk poxm xmc 2,=?3,123 Qkecvbdobdy, xmc 810,311Hbdwo`cvy> bdh xmc 9,?26,=8? @cvebdy kj xmc Yshcxcdlbdh, kj pmke 621,111 pcvc ilsffchbdh vbqch xk hcbxm, bdh kdl 211,111 vcebod od xmc Yshcxcdlbdh" Fsx pmcd xmc :11,111 Gcpyod @cvebd od 2?99, kdl ykec 91,111 pcvc jksdh xmcvc od 2?83, xmc qvkqb`bdhoyx yivcbexmbx xmc kxmcv 301,111 mbh fccd c}xcveodbxch" Pmcd od jbix, xmc pcvc od ekyx ibycy bll xmcpmolc ikllcixod` odhcedoxocy jvke xmc Pcyx @cvebd qckqlc, ybjcl od Dcp _kvn, Oyvbcl bdhBv`cdxodb"

Jkv ekvc xmbd xmovx cbvy mkvhcy kj kjjoiobl bdh kjjoiobl ydkkqcvy mbzc ydojjch bx czcvhkisecdx kj xmc Xmovh Vcoim, bdh xmc mbzc ivkyy%c}beodch bdh xmvcbxcdch bdh flbinebolch

czcv qkyyoflc @cvebd od xmc ycbvim jkv ykec hkisecdx kv kvhcv od pmoim Moxlcv kvhcvch xmcc}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy$ Bdh xmc ekvc xmc yivbximch bvksdh xmc ekvc xmc ibec sq poxm xmckqqkyoxc$ Bx lcbyx xmvcc moyxkvobdy od xmc lbyx jcp cbvy eb fc xmks`mx xk mbzc sdpoxxod`ljvsyxvbxch xmc lbyx mkqc kj jodhod` bd Xmovh Vcoim kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy$

MOYXKVOBDY JODH DK XMOVH VCOIM KVHCV JKV “C]XCVEODBXOD@― XMCGCPY7 Hv$ Gkmd Lsnbiy, pvoxcy> &Dk hkisecdx, dk pvoxxcd kv czcd yqkncd czohcdic ikddcixyMoxlcv hovcixl xk xmc Pbddycc hcioyokd$& -Xmc Lbyx Csvkqcbd Pbv -2?0:/, q$ 2:3/

Dkv hkcy mc bdpmcvc clyc ioxc bd ysim hkisecdx$ Bdh od jbix xmc Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic,mclh Gbdsbv 61, 2?86, oxyclj hkcy dkx bx bll ikdxceqlbxc c}xcveodbxokd, fsx xmc hcqlkecdx kj &xmc Gcpy ibqbflc kj pkvn,& lonc vkbh%fsolhod`, od xmc Cbyx, fsx &Ox oy dkx odxcdhch xk czbisbxc

Gcpy kzcv :3 cbvy kj b`c& dkv &Gcpy pmk bvc ycvoksy pbv%pksdhch ibycy bdh Gcpy poxm pbv



Qb`c | 30

hcikvbxokdy& ^qvcysebfl jvke Pkvlh Pbv OU$ -Rskxch jvke Hv$ B$V$ Fsxw, Xmc Mkb}, q$622%626/

By jkv xmc flkin%fsyxod` Mkb} kj xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv, yk xmc Lky Bd`clcy Mcvblh, Gsdc22, 2?00, vcqkvxy, ox &QVCYCDXY XMC EBYYBIVC KJ YO] EOLLOKD GCPY$$$-by/ BE_XM QCVQCXVBXCH F_ GCPY XK CLOIOX Y_EQBXM_& jkv b Qblcyxodc mkeclbdh$

Xmc lbxcyx xk jvsyxvbxc bll mkqc kj jodhod` b hkisecdx bsxmkvowod` xmc ebyybivc kj Gcpy oyQvkjcyykv Hbzoh Ovzod`'y Moxlcv'y Pbv -Zonod` Qvcyy, D$_$ 2?00, ?6: qbxcy/$

Ovzod` pvoxcy ibxc`kvoibll7

&$$$xmc odikdxvkzcvxoflc czohcdic oy xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch kd Dkzcefcv 91, 2?82, xmbx xmcvcpby xk fc 'DK LORSOHBXOKD' kj xmc Gcpy& -Moxlcv'y Pbv, Hbzoh Ovzod`, q$ }oz/

Bdh, od Kixkfcv, 2?89>

&Moxlcv pby yxoll jkvfohhod` lorsohbxokdy$$$& -Moxlcv'y Pbv, Hbzoh Ovzod`, q$ }oz/

@BY IMBEFCVY7 Pmbx bfksx hcdod` xmc c}oyxcdic kj c}xcveodbxokd &`by imbefcvy;&

Mcvc xkk, Ebcv ebncy b yxbvxlod` yxbxcecdx7 &Yksvicy jkv xmc yxsh kj xmc `by imbefcvy bvc bxkdic vbvc bdh sdvclobflc$& -Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd; q$ 9:6/

Pmolc Ebcv fcloczcy xmbx ysim imbefcvy hoh c}oyx bx Bsyimpoxw, mc qkodx ksx xmbx7 &$$$ekyxkj pmbx oy ndkpd oy fbych kd xmc hcqkyoxokdy kj Dbwo kjjoiobly bdh c}cisxokdcvy bx qkyxpbvxvobly bdh kd xmc ecekv kj ysvzozkvy bdh fyxbdhcvy$ Xmoy xcyxoekd esyx fc yivccdchibvcjsll, yodic ox ibd fc odjlscdich f ysfgcixozc jbixkvy kj `vcbx ikeqlc}ox$&

MÓCYY XCYXOEKD_7 Kdc c}beqlc kj xmoy eo`mx fc xmc xcyxoekd kj Vshklj Múcyy, bdYY kjjoicv pmk ycvzch by ikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw$ Od oxy Gshècdx, xmc DsvcefcvÒdxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl rskxch bx lcd`xm jvke moy xcyxoekd xk ysqqkvx oxy jodhod`y kj c}xcveodbxokd$ -OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 66, q$ 8=3> Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx 9=:=%QY-SYB%=2?/,

od OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 99, qq$ 603%60?/Ox oy dkp pcll cyxbfloymch xmbx Múcyy' ivsiobl xcyxoekd, by pcll by moy yk%ibllch

&ikdjcyyokd& pmoim pby blyk ioxch f xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl, bvc dkx kdl jblyc, fsx pcvckfxbodch f fcbxod` xmc jkvecv ikeebdhbdx dcbvl xk hcbxm$ -Vsqcvx Fsxlcv, Lcòkdy kj Hcbxm-Cd`lbdh, 2?=9/, qq$ 693%690> I$ Moximcdy, Pmkyc Moyxkv oy ox;, Zbdox Jbov -Dcp _kvn/,Hcicefcv 2??9, q$ 220/

Múcyy'y pojc bdh imolhvcd pcvc blyk xmvcbxcdch poxm hcbxm bdh hcqkvxbxokd xk Yofcvob$ Od moyyxbxcecdx, pmoim pkslh dkx fc bheoyyoflc xkhb od bd Sdoxch Yxbxcy iksvx kj lbp, Múcyyilboech xmc c}oyxcdic kj bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq ibllch &Pklwcn$&

Od jbix, dk ysim ibeq czcv c}oyxch$ Mc jsvxmcv ilboech xmbx hsvod` xmc xoec xmbx mc pbyikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw, xpk bdh b mblj eollokd qckqlc pcvc c}xcveodbxch xmcvc, bdh xmbx bjsvxmcv mblj eollokd hoch kj hoycbyc$ -V$ Jbsvoyykd, Mkp xmc Fvoxoym Kfxbodch xmc Ikdjcyyokdkj Vshklj Múyy, Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Podxcv 2?=:%=0, qq$ 9=?%819/ Xkhb dkvcqsxbflc moyxkvobd sqmklhy xmcyc jo`svcy$ Múcyy pby kfzoksyl pollod` xk yb bdxmod`, yo`dbdxmod` bdh hk bdxmod` xk yxkq xmc xkvxsvc, bdh xk xv xk ybzc moeyclj bdh moy jbeol$

JKVCDYOI ODZCYXO@BXOKDY Od moy 2?== fkkn, Qvkjcyykv Ebcv iblly jkv&c}ibzbxokdy bx xmc nollod` yoxcy bdh od xmcov oeechobxc cdzovkdy& xk hcxcveodc ekvc bfksx xmc`by imbefcvy$ Od jbix, ysim jkvcdyoi yxshocy mbzc fccd ebhc$ Xmc jovyx pby ikdhsixch od 2?==f Becvoibd c}cisxokd crsoqecdx ikdyslxbdx, Jvch B$ Lcsimxcv, Gv$ Mc ibvvoch ksx bd kd%yoxcjkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd kj xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn xk

hcxcveodc oj xmc ikslh mbzc fccd sych xk noll qckqlc by ilboech$ Bjxcv b ibvcjsl yxsh kj xmc



Qb`c | 3=

bllc`ch nollod` jbioloxocy, Lcsimxcv ikdilshch xmbx xmc yoxcy pcvc dkx sych, bdh ikslh dkx mbzcfccd sych, by mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy$

Jsvxmcvekvc, bd bdblyoy kj ybeqlcy xbncd f Lcsimxcv jvke xmc pblly bdh jlkkvy kj xmcbllc`ch `by imbefcvy ymkpch coxmcv dk kv eodsyislc xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdh, jvke xmcbixozc od`vchocdx kj Wnlkd F, xmc qcyxoiohc bllc`chl sych xk esvhcv Gcpy bx Bsyimpoxw$ -B

hcls}c choxokd kj Xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx oy bzbolbflc jvke xmc Odyxoxsxc Jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp,Q$K$ Fk} 609?, Dcpqkvx Fcbim, Iblojkvdob ?6:3?, jkv (61$11, qlsy (6$11 ymoqqod`/

B ikdjohcdxobl jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd -bdh ysfycrscdx vcqkvx/ ikeeoyyokdch f xmcBsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse bdh ikdhsixch f Odyxoxsxc kj Jkvcdyoi Vcycbvim od Nvbnkp mbyikdjovech Lcsimxcv'y jodhod` xmbx eodoebl kv dk xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdh ibd fc jksdh odxmc yoxcy bllc`ch xk mbzc fccd `by imbefcvy$ -Xmc ikeqlcxc xc}x kj xmoy vcqkvx pby qsfloymch odCd`loym od Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Yseecv 2??2/

Xmc yo`dojoibdic kj xmoy oy czohcdx pmcd xmc vcyslxy kj xmc jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd kj xmcbllc`ch mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy bvc ikeqbvch poxm xmc vcyslxy kj xmc c}beodbxokd kj xmcBsyimpoxw hoyodjcyxbxokd jbioloxocy, pmcvc Wnlkd F pby sych xk hclksyc ebxxvcyycy bdhilkxmod`$ Pmcvcby dk kv kdl xvbic beksdxy kj ibdohc pcvc jksdh od xmc bllc`ch mkeoiohbl`by imbefcvy, ebyyozc xvbicy kj ibdohc pcvc jksdh od xmc pblly bdh jlkkv od xmc ibeq'yhoyodjcyxbxokd hclksyod` imbefcvy$

Bdkxmcv jkvcdyoi yxsh mby fccd ibvvoch ksx f @cvebd imceoyx @cvebv Vshklj$ Kd xmcfbyoy kj moy kd%yoxc c}beodbxokd bdh bdblyoy kj ybeqlcy, xmc icvxojoch imceoyx bdh hkixkvblibdhohbxc ikdilshch7

&Jkv imceoibl%xcimdoibl vcbykdy, xmc ilboech ebyy `byyod`y poxm mhvkibdoi bioh od xmcbllc`ch '`by imbefcvy' od Bsyimpoxw hoh dkx xbnc qlbic$$$Xmc ysqqkych jbioloxocy jkv ebyy nollodòd Bsyimpoxw bdh Fovncdbs pcvc dkx ysoxbflc jkv xmoy qsvqkyc$$$& -@$ Vshklj, @sxbimxcd üfcv hocFlhsd` sdh Dbimpcoyfbvncox zkd Ibdohzcvfodhsd`cd od hcd &@bynbeecvd& zkd Bsyimpoxw-Lkdhkd7 2??9/$ Ycc7 Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vcozcp, Dkz$%Hci$ 2??9, qq$ 63%6:/

Jodbll, xmcvc oy xmc yxsh kj Bsyxvobd cdòdccv Pblxcv Lüjxl, b vcyqcixch c}qcvx poxdcyy oddsecvksy iksvx ibycy, bdh jkvecv qvcyohcdx kj Bsyxvob'y qvkjcyyokdbl byykiobxokd kj cdòdccvy$Od b 2??6 vcqkvx mc ibllch xmc bllc`ch ebyy c}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy od `by imbefcvy &xcimdoiblloeqkyyoflc$& -Xmc 'Lüjxl Vcqkvx', Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Podxcv 2??6%?9/

HOYIVCHOXCH QCVYQCIXOZC7 Yk gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy &Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Xmkycpmk bhzkibxc ivoeodbl qcvycisxokd kj &Mklkibsyx hcdocvy& ycce xk fc yxoll lozod` od xmc pkvlhkj 2?8: pmcvc xmc Blloch kjjoiobly kj xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl mbzc gsyx qvkdksdich xmcovzcvhoix$ Fsx xmc Xvofsdbl'y jodhod`y ibd dk lkd`cv fc byysech xk fc zbloh$ Fcibsyc ox vcloch yk

mcbzol kd ysim sdxvsyxpkvxm czohcdic by xmc Múcyy xcyxoekd, ykec kj oxy ekyx ivoxoibljodhod`y bvc dkp hoyivchoxch$

Xmcvcjkvc, pc ibd ilcbvl ycc pm yk ebd yimklbvy ikdxodsc xk imbllcd`c xmc Mklkibsyxyxkv$ Ysim yimklbvy by Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw kj Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox, Qvkjcyykv VkfcvxJbsvoyykd kj xmc Sdozcvyox kj Lkd od Jvbdic bdh fcyx%ycllod` Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`,mbzc fccd zo`kvksyl imbllcdòd` xmc pohcl%biicqxch c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$

Xmc hk dkx hoyqsxc xmc jbix xmbx lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch xk ikdicdxvbxokdibeqy bdh `mcxxky, kv xmbx ebd Gcpy hoch kv pcvc nollch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvy mbzc, mkpczcv, qvcycdxch ikdyohcvbflc czohcdic xk ymkp xmbx xmcvc pbydk @cvebd qvk`vbe xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy bdh xmbx xmc cyxoebxc kj yo} eollokd Gcpoym

pbvxoec hcbh oy bd ovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd$



Qb`c | 3?

By qvcycdxch bfkzc, xmc vczoyokdoyxy qkodx ksx xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby imbd`ch rsoxc blkx kzcv xmc cbvy$ Ebd c}xcveodbxokd ilboey xmbx pcvc kdic pohcl biicqxch mbzc fccdrsocxl hvkqqch od vcicdx cbvy$ Od cbvl 2??3, IDD rsocxl vcqkvxch, hsvod` kdc kj xmc ebdGcpoym qvkqb`bdhb ibeqbo`dy, yxbxch xmbx kdl kdc eollokd Gcpy hoch od Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbsbdh Ebghbdcn, xmodnod` dk kdc pkslh dkxoic xmc imbd`c od dsefcvy, bdh ekyx Becvoibdy hoh

dkx$Bx kdc xoec ox pby bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy `byych Gcpy bx Hbimbs, Fsimcdpblh bdh kxmcv

ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Fsx xmbx qbvx kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv qvkzch yksdxcdbflc xmbx ox pby bfbdhkdch ekvc xmbd xpcdx cbvy b`k$ Dk ycvoksy moyxkvobd dkpysqqkvxy xmc kdic ysqqkychl qvkzcd yxkv kj &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc klh@cvebd Vcoim$ Czcd jbech &Dbwo msdxcv& Yoekd Pocycdxmbl pby jkvich xk bindkplch`c od2?03 xmbx “XMCVC PCVC DK C]XCVEODBXOKD IBEQY KD @CVEBD YKOL$& -Fkkny * Fkknecd, Lkdhkd, Bqvol 2?03, q$ 3/

Od bhhoxokd, ekvc bdh ekvc yxvonod` czohcdic mby fccd qvcycdxch od vcicdx cbvy pmoimyoeql ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc bllc`bxokdy kj ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy bx xmcyc ibeqy$ Jkv

c}beqlc, hcxbolch bcvobl vcikddboyybdic qmkxk`vbqmy xbncd kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs kd yczcvblvbdhke hby od 2?88 -hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd qcvokh xmcvc/ pcvc ebhcqsfloi f xmc IOB od 2?0?$ Xmc ymkp dk xvbic kj xmc qolcy kj ikvqycy, yeknod` imoedcy bdhebyycy kj Gcpy bpboxod` hcbxm, bll kj pmoim mbzc fccd bllc`ch bdh pkslh mbzc fccd ilcbvlzoyoflc oj Bsyimpoxw mbh odhcch fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd icdxcv$

Bx kdc xoec ox pby blyk ycvoksyl ilboech xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch Gcpy poxmclcixvoiox bdh yxcbe, bdh xmbx xmc ebdsjbixsvch ykbq jvke Gcpoym ikvqycy$ Jkv c}beqlc, bxDsvcefcv` xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch Gcpy bx Xvcflodnb, dkx od `byimbefcvy, by oy dkp ilboech, fsx f yxcbeod` xmce xk hcbxm od &yxcbe imbefcvy$&-Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%9922 -SYB%6?9/$ OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 96$ qq$ 239%23=> Oex$

Zkl$ 9$ qq$ 3::%3:=> DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 3, qq$ 2299%2298/ Xmcyc fowbvvc yxkvocy mbzcblyk fccd rsocxl bfbdhkdch od vcicdx cbvy$

HOYCBYC ILBOECH EBD_ ODEBXCY7 Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oyysqcvjoiobll qlbsyoflc$ Czcvkdc mby yccd xmc mkvvojoi qmkxky kj hcbh bdh hod` odebxcy xbncdbx Fcv`cd%Fclycd, Dkvhmbsycd bdh kxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pmcd xmc pcvc lofcvbxch fFvoxoym bdh Becvoibd jkvicy od xmc jodbl pccny kj xmc pbv od Csvkqc$ Xmcyc qckqlc pcvcsdjkvxsdbxc zoixoey, dkx kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, fsx kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd fvks`mxkd f xmc ikeqlcxc ikllbqyc kj @cvebd od xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Odhcch, oj xmcvc mbhfccd bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, xmc Gcpy jksdh f Blloch jkvicy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv pkslhmbzc lkd` yodic fccd nollch$ Od xmc jbic kj bhzbdiod` Ykzocx jkvicy, lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpypcvc czbisbxch hsvod` xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv jvke cbyxcvd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky xk xmc

vcebodod` ibeqy od pcyxcvd @cvebd$ Xmcyc ibeqy rsoinl fcibec xcvvofl kzcvivkphch,pmoim yczcvcl mbeqcvch cjjkvxy xk qvczcdx xmc yqvcbh kj cqohceoiy$ Jsvxmcvekvc, xmcfvcbnhkpd kj xmc @cvebd xvbdyqkvxbxokd yyxce, by b vcyslx kj xmc ibvqcx fkefod` kj xmcblloch jkvicy ebhc ox oeqkyyoflc xk ysqql bhcrsbxc jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc ibeqy$

IBQXSVCH @CVEBD HKISECDXY7 Bx xmc cdh kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmcBllocy ikdjoyibxch b xvcecdhksy rsbdxox kj @cvebd hkisecdxy hcblod` poxm @cvebd'ypbvxoec Gcpoym qkloi, pmoim pby ykecxoecy kjjoiobll vcjcvvch xk by xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Fsxdkx b yod`lc @cvebd hkisecdx mby czcv fccd jksdh pmoim czcd vcjcvy xk bd c}xcveodbxokdqvk`vbe$ Xk xmc ikdxvbv, xmc hkisecdxy ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qkloipby kdc kj CEO@VBXOKD BDH HCQKVXBXOKD, dkx c}xcveodbxokd$

Ikdyohcv, jkv c}beqlc, xmc ikdjohcdxobl @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic ecekvbdhse kj Bs`syx62, 2?86$ -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx D@%63=:%G$ DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 29, qq$ 689%68?/



Qb`c | :1

&Xmc qvcycdx pbv òzcy @cvebd xmc kqqkvxsdox bdh blyk xmc hsx kj yklzod` xmc Gcpoymqvkflce od Csvkqc,& xmc ecekvbdhse dkxcy$ Xmc qkloi &xk qvkekxc xmc CZBISBXOKDKJ XMC GCPY -jvke Csvkqc/ od ilkycyx ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc b`cdiocy kj xmc VcoimyjümvcvYY ~Moeelcvu oy yxoll od jkvic$&

Xmc ecek dkxch xmbx

&xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy hcqkvxch od xmoy pb xk xmc Cbyx hoh dkx ysjjoic xk ikzcv xmc lbfkvdcchy$&

Xmc hkisecdx rskxcy @cvebd Jkvco`d Eodoyxcv zkd Voffcdxvkq by ybod` xmbx,

&bx xmc cdh kj xmoy pbv, bll Gcpy pkslh mbzc xk lcbzc Csvkqc$ Xmoy pby bd sdblxcvbflchcioyokd kj xmc Jümvcv ~Moxlcvu bdh blyk xmc kdl pb xk ebyxcv xmoy qvkflce, by kdl b `lkfblbdh ikeqvcmcdyozc yklsxokd ikslh fc bqqloch bdh odhozohsbl ecbysvcy pkslh dkx mclq zcvesim$&

Xmc ecekvbdhse ikdilshcy f yxbxod` xmbx xmc,

&hcqkvxbxokdy ~kj Gcpy xk xmc Cbyxu bvc b jsvxmcv yxcq kd xmc pb kj xmc xkxbl yklsxokd$$$Xmchcqkvxbxokd xk xmc ~Qkloymu @cdcvbl @kzcvdecdx oy b xceqkvbv ecbysvc$ Xmc Gcpy poll fcekzch kd jsvxmcv xk xmc kiisqoch ~Ykzocxu cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy by ykkd by xmc xcimdoiblikdhoxokdy jkv ox bvc òzcd$&

Xmoy sdbefo`sksy hkisecdx, bdh kxmcvy lonc ox, bvc vksxodcl ysqqvcyych kv o`dkvch fxmkyc pmk sqmklh xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$

SDVCLOBFLC XCYXOEKD_7 Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy vcl mcbzol kd yk%ibllch &ysvzozkvxcyxoekd& xk ysqqkvx xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Fsx ysim &czohcdic& oy dkxkvoksyl sdvclobflc$By kdc Gcpoym moyxkvobd mby qkodxch ksx,

&ekyx kj xmc ecekovy bdh vcqkvxy ~kj Mklkibsyx ysvzozkvyu bvc jsll kj qvcqkyxcvksy

zcvfkyox, `vbqmkebdoi c}b``cvbxokd, hvbebxoi cjjcixy, kzcv cyxoebxch yclj%odjlbxokd, holcxxbdxcqmolkykqmowod`, pkslh%fc lvoioye, sdimcinch vsekvy, foby, qbvxoybd bxxbiny bdh bqklkòcy$&-Ybescl @vod`bsw od Gcpoym Ykiobl Yxshocy -Dcp _kvn/, Gbdsbv 2?31, Zkl$ 26$ q$ :3/

MOXLCV BDH XMC “JODBL YKLSXOKD―7 Xmcvc oy dk hkisecdxbv czohcdic xmbxBhklj Moxlcv czcv `bzc bd kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy, kv xmbx mc ndcp kj bd c}xcveodbxokdqvk`vbe$ Odyxcbh, xmc vcikvh ymkpy xmbx xmc @cvebd lcbhcv pbdxch xmc Gcpy xk lcbzc Csvkqc,f ceo`vbxokd oj qkyyoflc bdh f hcqkvxbxokd oj dcicyybv$

B hkisecdx jksdh bjxcv xmc pbv od xmc jolcy kj xmc Vcoim Eodoyxv kj Gsyxoic vcikvhy moyxmodnod` kd xmc Gcpy$ Od xmc yqvod` kj 2?86, Yxbxc Ycivcxbv Jvbdw Yimlc`clfcv`cv dkxch od becekvbdhse xmbx Moxlcv'y Imocj kj Imbdicllcv, Hv$ Mbdy Lbeecvy, mbh odjkvech moe7

&Xmc Jümvcv mby vcqcbxchl hcilbvch xk moe ~Lbeecvyu xmbx mc pbdxy xk ycc xmc yklsxokd kj xmc Gcpoym qvkflce qkyxqkdch sdxol bjxcv xmc pbv oy kzcv$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%8163$Hbzoh Ovzod`, @kcvod`7 B Fok`vbqm -Dcp _kvn7 2?=?/, q$ 98?/

Bdh kd Gsl 68, 2?86, Moxlcv ceqmbyowch moy hcxcveodbxokd xk vcekzc bll Gcpy jvkeCsvkqc BJXCV xmc pbv7

&Xmc Gcpy bvc odxcvcyxch od Csvkqc jkv cikdkeoi vcbykdy, fsx Csvkqc esyx vcgcix xmce, oj kdl ksx kj yclj%odxcvcyx, fcibsyc xmc Gcpy bvc vbiobll xks`mcv$ Bjxcv xmoy pbv oy kzcv, O pollvo`kvksyl mklh xk xmc zocp$$$xmbx xmc Gcpy POLL MBZC XK LCBZC BDH CEO@VBXC xkEbhb`byibv kv ykec kxmcv Gcpoym dbxokdbl yxbxc$& -M$ Qoincv, Moxlcvy Xoyim`cyqvèimc od

Jümvcvmbsqxrsbvxocv -Yxsxx`bvx7 2?0:/, q$ 83:/



Qb`c | :2

MOEELCV‟Y YY BDH XMC IBEQY7 Gcpy pcvc bd oeqkvxbdx qbvx kj @cvebd'ypbvxoec lbfkv jkvic, bdh ox pby od @cvebd'y odxcvcyx xk nccq xmce blozc$ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YYibeq bheodoyxvbxokd kjjoic ycdx b hovcixozc hbxch Hcicefcv 6=, 2?86, xk czcv ikdicdxvbxokdibeq, odilshod` Bsyimpoxw$ Ox ymbvql ivoxoiowch xmc mo`m hcbxm vbxc kj odebxcy hsc xk hoycbyc,bdh kvhcvch xmbx &ibeq qmyoiobdy esyx syc bll ecbdy bx xmcov hoyqkybl xk yo`dojoibdxl vchsic

xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc zbvoksy ibeqy$& Jsvxmcvekvc, ox kvhcvch7 &Xmc ibeq ikeebdhbdxy$$$Xmcibeq hkixkvy bvc xk ycc xk ox xmbx xmc pkvnod` ikdhoxokdy bx xmc zbvoksy lbfkv qlbicy bvcoeqvkzch by esim by qkyyoflc$&

Jodbll, xmc hovcixozc yxvcyych xmbx,

&Xmc Vcoimyjümvcv YY ~Mcodvoim Moeelcvu mby kvhcvch xmbx xmc hcbxm vbxc bfyklsxcl esyxfc vchsich$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%6202, Bddc} 6> DI*B &vch ycvocy,& Zkl$ 8, qq$ =99%=98/

Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY hcqbvxecdx xmbx ysqcvzoych xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, Voimbvh @lüiny,ycdx b iovislbv lcxxcv xk cbim ibeq ikeebdhbdx hbxch Gbdsbv 61, 2?89$ Od ox mc kvhcvch7 &By Ombzc blvcbh qkodxch ksx, czcv ecbdy esyx fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeq$&-Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx DK%2369> DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 3, qq$ 906%909/

KDC%YOHCH “MKLKIBSYXKEBDOB―7 Czcd bjxcv ekvc xmbd jkvx cbvy, xmc yxvcbekj Mklkibsyx joley bdh fkkny ymkpy dk yo`d kj hoeodoymod`$ Xmoy vclcdxlcyy echob ibeqbo`d,pmoim Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bljvch Lolcdxmbl iblly &Mklkibsyxkebdob,& qkvxvby xmc jbxc kj xmc Gcpyhsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by xmc icdxvbl czcdx kj moyxkv$ Xmcvc oy dk cdh xk xmc mcbz%mbdhch ekxokd qoixsvcy, xmc yoeqloyxoi xclczoyokd yqciobly, xmc zodhoixozc msdx jkv &Dbwo pbvivoeodbly,& xmc kdc%yohch &chsibxokdbl iksvycy,& bdh xmc yclj%vo`mxcksy bqqcbvbdicy fqkloxoiobdy bdh iclcfvoxocy bx Mklkibsyx &ecekvobl ycvzoicy$&

Fvoxbod'y imocj vbffo, Oeebdscl Gbnkfkzoxy, mby biisvbxcl hcyivofch xmc Mklkibsyxibeqbo`d by, &bd cdxovc odhsyxv, poxm mbdhykec qvkjoxy jkv pvoxcvy, vcycbvimcvy, jole%ebncvy,ekdsecdx fsolhcvy, esycse qlbddcvy bdh czcd qkloxoiobdy$&

Mc bhhch xmbx ykec vbffoy bdh xmcklkòbdy bvc &qbvxdcvy od xmoy fo` fsyodcyy$& -M$ Ymbqovk,Gbnkfkzoxy, Gcvsyblce Qkyx -Oyvbcl/, Dkzcefcv 6:, 2?=0, q$ 2/

Dkd%Gcpoym zoixoey gsyx hkd'x ecvox xmc ybec ikdicvd$ Jkv c}beqlc, xmcvc bvc dk Becvoibdecekvobly, &yxsh icdxcvy,& kv bddsbl kfycvzbdicy jkv Yxblod'y zoixoey, pmk zbyxl ksxdsefcvMoxlcv'y$

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Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d oy ivsiobll oeqkvxbdx xk xmc odxcvcyxy kj Oyvbcl, pmoim kpcy oxyc}oyxcdic xk Ebyyozc bddsbl ysfyohocy jvke Becvoibd xb}qbcvy$

By Qvkjcyykv P$H$ Vsfodyxcod kj Bsyxvblob mby ibdhohl bindkplch`ch7 &Oj xmc Mklkibsyxibd fc ymkpd xk fc b 'Wokdoyx exm,' xmc yxvkd`cyx kj bll pcbqkdy od Oyvbcl'y qvkqb`bdhbbvekv ikllbqycy$& -Rsbhvbdx -Bsyxvblob/, Ycqxcefcv, 2?0?, q$ 60/

Gcpoym moyxkv xcbimcv Qbslb Mebd kj Iklsefob Sdozcvyox mby kfycvzch7

&Poxm vc`bvh xk Oyvbcl, xmc Mklkibsyx eb fc sych xk jkvcyxbll qkloxoibl ivoxoioye bdhysqqvcyy hcfbxc> ox vcodjkvicy xmc ycdyc kj Gcpy by bd cxcvdbll fclcb`scvch qckqlc pmk ibdvcl jkv xmcov hcjcdyc kdl sqkd xmceyclzcy$ Xmc odzkibxokd kj xmc ysjjcvod` cdhsvch f xmc

Gcpy sdhcv xmc Dbwoy kjxcd xbncy xmc qlbic kj vbxokdbl bv`secdx, bdh oy c}qcixch xk ikdzodic



Qb`c | :6

hksfxcvy kj xmc lcòxoebi kj isvvcdx Oyvbclo `kzcvdecdx qkloi$& -Dcp _kvn Xoecy Eb`bwodc,Ycqxcefcv 28, 2?=1, q$ 0?/

Kdc ebgkv vcbykd xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby qvkzcd yk hsvbflc oy xmbx xmc `kzcvdecdxy kj xmc ebgkv qkpcvy blyk mbzc b zcyxch odxcvcyx od ebodxbodod` ox$ Xmc zoixkvoksy qkpcvy kj xmcYcikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh Fvoxbod, mbzc b yxbnc od

qkvxvbod` xmc hcjcbxch Moxlcv vcòec by dc`bxozcl by qkyyoflc$ Xmc ekvc czol bdh ybxbdoi xmcMoxlcv vcòec bqqcbvy, xmc ekvc dkflc bdh gsyxojoch yccey xmc Blloch ibsyc$ Xmc Ykzocx Sdokdbdh xmc Gcpy blyk fcdcjox, fcibsyc xmc &Yo} Eollokd& MklkMKB] mohcy xmc eollokdy kj Imvoyxobdy esvhcvch f xmc Gcpy bjxcv xmc Fklymczon xbnckzcv kj Vsyyob od 2?20$

Jkv ebd Gcpy, xmc Mklkibsyx mby fcikec fkxm b jlksvoymod` fsyodcyy bdh b nodh kj dcpvcloòkd, by dkxch Gcpoym bsxmkv bdh dcpyqbqcv qsfloymcv Gbikf Xoecvebd qkodxy ksx od moyfkkn, &Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv$& Mc vcqkvxy xmbx ebd Oyvbcloy, syod` xmc pkvh Ymkbm, pmoim oyMcfvcp jkv Mklkibsyx, gknc xmbx &Xmcvc'y dk fsyodcyy lonc Ymkbm fsyodcyy$& -Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv-Dcp _kvn7 Zodxb`c, 2?=6/, q$ 23/

Xmc Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d qkvxvby Gcpy by xkxbll oddkicdx zoixoey, bdh dkd%Gcpy byekvbll vcxbvhch bdh sdvclobflc fcod`y pmk ibd cbyol xsvd odxk esvhcvksy Dbwoy sdhcv xmcvo`mx ioviseyxbdicy$ Xmoy yclj%ycvzod` fsx hoyxkvxch qkvxvbbl `vcbxl yxvcd`xmcdy Gcpoym `vksqyklohbvox bdh yclj%bpbvcdcyy$

B nc lcyykd kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv jkv Gcpy oy xmbx dkd%Gcpy bvc dczcv ikeqlcxclxvsyxpkvxm$ Oj b qckqlc by islxsvch bdh by chsibxch by xmc @cvebdy ikslh xsvd b`bodyx xmcGcpy, yk xmc xmodnod` `kcy, xmbx ysvcl dk dkd%Gcpoym dbxokd ibd czcv fc ikeqlcxcl xvsyxch$Xmc mklkibsyx ecyyb`c oy xmsy kdc kj ikdxceqx jkv msebdox$

MKLKIBSYX MBXCEKD@CVOD@7 Xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy ykecxoecy sych xkqvkekxc mbxvch bdh mkyxolox, qbvxoislbvl b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc by b pmklc, cbyxcvdCsvkqcbdy bdh xmc lcbhcvymoq kj xmc Vkebd Ibxmkloi imsvim$

Xmc pcll%ndkpd Gcpoym pvoxcv, Cloc Pocycl, oy b jkvecv Bsyimpoxw odebxc pmk ycvzch byimbovebd kj xmc kjjoiobl S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Iksdiol$ Mc vcicozch xmc 2?=: Dkfcl QcbicQvowc$ Xmoy hchoibxch Wokdoyx pvkxc od moy fkkn, &Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec&7 &Czcv Gcp,ykecpmcvc od moy fcod`, ymkslh ycx bqbvx b wkdc kj mbxc%mcblxm, zovolc mbxc%jkv pmbx xmc@cvebd qcvykdojocy bdh jkv pmbx qcvyoyxy od xmc @cvebd$& -Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec -Dcp _kvn7Yimkincd Fkkny, 2?=6/, imbq$ 26$ q$ 286/

Oj b dkd%Gcp pcvc xk pvoxc ysim b xmod` bfksx xmc Gcpy, kdc pkslh fc bflc xk mcbv xmceyivcbe jvke xmc cbvxm xk xmc jsvxmcyx vcbimcy kj xmc sdozcvyc, bdh xmcov qvkqb`bdhb bve, xmcebyy echob od Becvoib pkslh joll xmc pkvlh poxm msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj bdxo%

Yceoxoi mbxc ekd`cvod`$Moxlcv'y Gcpoym Yklhocvy % Qcvmbqy 231,111 Gcpy Jks`mx Zblobdxl Xmc Sdxklh Yxkv kj

Dbwo Vbiobl Lbpy bdh Ecd kj Gcpoym Hcyicdx od xmc @cvebd Eoloxbv F Fvbd Ebvn Vo``6%20%16

Eb 6116 8?: qb`cy, ?3 qmkxk`vbqmy, : } ? Ekhcvd Pbv Yxshocy Ilkxm OYFD1%011:%220=%?, (6?$?3

Xk fc jcbxsvch kd DFI%XZ'y Hbxclodc od Gsdc 6116

Kd xmc esvhcvksy vkbh xk &vbiobl qsvox& Moxlcv cdiksdxcvch sdc}qcixch hcxksvy, lbv`clhsc xk moy kpd ivbwch zocpy bdh odikdyoyxcdx qkloiocy vc`bvhod` Gcpoym ohcdxox$ Bjxcv

icdxsvocy kj Gcpoym byyoeolbxokd bdh odxcvebvvob`c od @cvebd ykiocx, mc hoyikzcvch xmbxcloeodbxod` Gcpy jvke xmc vcyx kj xmc qkqslbxokd pby ekvc hojjoislx xmbd mc'h bdxoioqbxch$



Qb`c | :9

By Fvbd Ebvn Vo`` ymkpy od xmoy qvkzkibxozc dcp yxsh, dkpmcvc pby xmbx mcodksyqvkicyy ekvc jvbs`mx poxm ikdxvbhoixokd bdh ikdjsyokd xmbd od xmc @cvebd eoloxbv$ Ikdxvbvxk ikdzcdxokdbl zocpy, Vo`` vczcbly xmbx b yxbvxlod`l lbv`c dsefcv kj @cvebd eoloxbv ecdpcvc ilbyyojoch f xmc Dbwoy by Gcpy kv &qbvxobl%Gcpy& -Eoyimlod`c/, od xmc pbnc kj vbiobl lbpyjovyx cdbixch od xmc eoh%2?91y$ Vo`` hcekdyxvbxcy xmbx xmc bixsbl dsefcv pby esim mo`mcv

xmbd qvczoksyl xmks`mx> qcvmbqy by ebd by 231,111 ecd, odilshod` hcikvbxch zcxcvbdy bdhmo`m% vbdnod` kjjoicvy, czcd `cdcvbly bdh bheovbly$

By Vo`` jsll hkisecdxy jkv xmc jovyx xoec, b `vcbx ebd kj xmcyc ecd hoh dkx czcdikdyohcv xmceyclzcy Gcpoym bdh mbh cefvbich xmc eoloxbv by b pb kj lojc bdh by hczkxchqbxvokxy cb`cv xk ycvzc b vczozch @cvebd dbxokd$ Od xsvd, xmc mbh fccd cefvbich f xmcPcmvebimx, pmoim qvokv xk Moxlcv mbh òzcd loxxlc xmks`mx xk xmc &vbic& kj xmcyc ecd fsx pmoimpby dkp jkvich xk lkkn hccql odxk xmc bdicyxv kj oxy yklhocvy$ Xmc qvkicyy kj odzcyxo`bxokdbdh vcekzbl, mkpczcv, pby ebvvch f b mo`ml odikdyoyxcdx bqqloibxokd kj Dbwo lbp$

Dsecvksy &c}ceqxokdy& pcvc ebhc od kvhcv xk bllkp b yklhocv xk yxb poxmod xmc vbdny kvxk yqbvc b yklhocv'y qbvcdx, yqksyc, kv kxmcv vclbxozc jvke odibvicvbxokd kv jbv pkvyc$ -Moxlcv'y

kpd yo`dbxsvc ibd fc jksdh kd ebd kj xmcyc &c}ceqxokd& kvhcvy$/ Fsx by xmc pbv hvb``ch kd,Dbwo qkloxoiy ibec xk xvseq eoloxbv lkòi, czcd od xmc jbic kj xmc Pcmvebimx'y `vkpodèbdqkpcv dcchy, ilkyod` lc`bl lkkqmklcy bdh ebnod` ox zovxsbll oeqkyyoflc jkv xmcyc yklhocvyxk cyibqc xmc jbxc kj eollokdy kj kxmcv zoixoey kj xmc Xmovh Vcoim$

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Yohc bdh jvkdx qmkxk`vbqmy kj &mblj%Gcp& Bdxkd Ebcv, yoeolbv xk xmkyc xmbx kjxcdbiikeqbdoch b Eoyimlod`'y bqqloibxokd jkv c}ceqxokd$ Xk ycc ekvc qmkxk`vbqmy jvke xmc

fkkn,

&Xmvks`m zohckxbqch odxcvzocpy, qbodyxbnod` bxxcdxokd xk qcvykddcl jolcy, bdh fbdblhkisecdxy dkx dkvebll ikdyslxch f moyxkvobdy, bdh yqsvvch f b nccd ycdyc kj qcvykdbleoyyokd, Vo`` mby xsvdch sq bd sdc}qlkvch bdh ikdjksdhod` imbqxcv od xmc moyxkv kj xmcMklkibsyx$ Xmc c}xcdx kj moy jodhod`y mby ysvqvoych yimklbvy$& -Pbvvcd Mk`c, Dcp _kvn Xoecy /

&Xmc vczclbxokd xmbx @cvebdy kj Gcpoym flkkh, ndkpod` xmc Dbwo vcòec jkv pmbx ox pby,ycvzch Moxlcv by sdojkvech ecefcvy kj moy bvech jkvicy esyx ikec by b qvkjksdh ymkin$ Oxpoll ysvqvoyc czcd qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobdy kj xmc Dbwo cbvy$& -Gkmd Ncc`bd, bsxmkv kj XmcJbic kj Fbxxlc bdh Xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv/

&Yxbvxlod` bdh sdc}qcixch, Vo``'y yxsh ikdilsyozcl hcekdyxvbxcy xmc hc`vcc kj jlc}ofoloxod @cvebd qkloi xkpbvh xmc Eoyimlod`c, xmc c}xcdx kj Moxlcv'y odzklzcecdx, bdh, ekyxoeqkvxbdxl, xmbx dkx bll pmk ycvzch od xmc bvech jkvicy pcvc bdxo%Yceoxoi, czcd by xmcovycvzoic bohch xmc nollod` qvkicyy$& -Eoimbcl Fcvcdfbse, bsxmkv kj Xmc Pkvlh Esyx Ndkp7Xmc Moyxkv kj xmc Mklkibsyx/

&Vo``'y c}xcdyozc ndkplch`c bdh xmc qvcloeodbv ikdilsyokdy hvbpd jvke moy vcycbvimoeqvcyych ec `vcbxl$ O jovel fcloczc xmbx moy od%hcqxm xvcbxecdx kj xmc ysfgcix kj @cvebdyklhocvy kj Gcpoym hcyicdx od xmc Pcmvebimx poll lcbh xk dcp qcvyqcixozcy kd xmoy qkvxokd kj 61xm icdxsv @cvebd eoloxbv moyxkv$& -Mclesx Yimeohx, Jkvecv

Imbdicllkv kj @cvebd/



Qb`c | :8

&Bd oeqvcyyozcl vcycbvimch pkvn poxm oeqkvxbdx oeqloibxokdy jkv mkxl hcfbxch rscyxokdy$Vo`` xclly ykec c}rsoyoxcl qko`dbdx yxkvocy kj odhozohsbl msebd c}qcvocdicy xmbx ikeqloibxcksv qoixsvc kj yxbxc bdh ykiocx od xmc Xmovh Vcoim$& -Dbxmbd B$ Yxklxwjsy, Jlkvohb YxbxcSdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Vcyoyxbdic kj xmc Mcbvx7 Odxcvebvvob`c bdh xmc Vkycdyxvbyyc Qvkxcyx odDbwo @cvebd/

&Bd oeqvcyyozc pkvn jollch poxm odxcvcyxod` yxkvocy$$$F mclqod` sy fcxxcv sdhcvyxbdh Dbwovbiobl qkloi bx xmc ebvòdy> o$c$, oxy oeqbix kd icvxbod ecefcvy kj xmc @cvebdeoloxbv%%Vo``'y yxsh ilbvojocy xmc icdxvbl qvkflcey kj Dbwo Gcpoym qkloiocy kzcvbll$& -DkvebdDboebvn, Yxbdjkvh Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Jovcy kj Mbxvch7 Cxmdoi Ilcbdyod` odXpcdxocxm%Icdxsv Csvkqc/

&Bd ollseodbxod` bdh qvkzkibxozc yxsh xmbx ecvoxy b pohc vcbhcvymoq bdh oy ysvc xk fcesim hoyisyych$& -Hcddoy C$ Ymkpblxcv, Iklkvbhk Ikllc`c, bsxmkv kj Xbddcdfcv`7 Ilbym kj Ceqovcy/

“Bd ksxyxbdhod` gkf kj vcycbvim bdh bdblyoy$ Vo``'y fkkn poll bhh b `vcbx hcbl xk ksvsdhcvyxbdhod` kj xmc @cvebd eoloxbv, kj xmc qlbic kj Gcpy bdh qckqlc kj Gcpoym hcyicdx odxmc Dbwo yxbxc, bdh kj xmc Mklkibsyx$ Ox jkvicy sy xk hcbl poxm xmc jsll, ikeqlc} vbd`c kj qkyyoflc bixokdy bdh vcbixokdy f odhozohsbly ibs`mx sq od xmc Dbwo yyxce$& -@ckjjvc Q$Ec`bv`cc, bsxmkv kj Odyohc Moxlcv'y Mo`m Ikeebdh/

&Poxm xmc ynoll kj b ebyxcv hcxcixozc, Fvbd Vo`` vczcbly xmc ysvqvoyod` bdh lbv`clsdndkpd yxkv kj @cvebdy kj Gcpoym kvoòdy od xmc Dbwo eoloxbv$ Moy pkvn ikdxvofsxcy xk ksvsdhcvyxbdhod` kj xmc ikeqlc}ox kj jboxm bdh ohcdxox od xmc Xmovh Vcoim$& -Qbslb C$ Mebd,_blc Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj @cdhcv bdh Byyoeolbxokd od Ekhcvd Gcpoym Moyxkv bdh Xmc Gcpykj Ekhcvd Jvbdic/

&B ebgkv qocic kj yimklbvymoq pmoim xvbicy xmc qcislobv xpoyxy bdh xsvdy kj Dbwo vbioblqkloi xkpbvh ecd od xmc Pcmvebimx, kjxcd od xmc mo`mcyx vbdny, pmk mbh qbvxl Gcpoymfbin`vksdhy$ Vo`` mby sdikzcvch qcvykdbl yxkvocy bdh qvozbxc bvimozcy pmoim loxcvbll dkfkhndcp c}oyxch$ Moy fkkn poll fc bd oeqkvxbdx ikdxvofsxokd xk @cvebd moyxkv$& -GkdbxmbdYxcodfcv`, Sdozcvyox kj Qcddylzbdob, bsxmkv kj Bll kv Dkxmod`7 Xmc B}oy bdh xmc Mklkibsyx2?82%2?89/

&Bd kvoòdbl, `vksdhfvcbnod`, bdh yo`dojoibdx ikdxvofsxokd xk xmc moyxkv kj xmc Pcmvebimxbdh Dbwo @cvebd$& -Gbecy Y$ Ikvse, Yimkkl kj Bhzbdich Bov Qkpcv Yxshocy, bsxmkv kj XmcVkkxy kj Floxwnvoc` bdh Xmc Lsjxpbjjc/

&Vo``'y pkvn mby hoyikzcvch dcp bibhceoi xcvvoxkv$& -Ebdjvch Ecyycvyimeohx, Jvcofsv`Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Hoc Pcmvebimx oe DY%Yxbbx -Xmc Pcmvebimx od xmc Dbwo Yxbxc/

FV_BD EBVN VO@@ vcicozch moy F$B$ poxm mkdkvy od moyxkv jvke _blc Sdozcvyox od2??:$ _blc bpbvhch moe xmc Mcdv Jcllkpymoq jkv `vbhsbxc yxsh bx Ibefvoh`c Sdozcvyox,pmcvc mc vcicozch moy E$B$ od 2??0 bdh Qm$H$ od 6116$

Isvvcdxl Qvkjcyykv kj Moyxkv bx Becvoibd Eoloxbv Sdozcvyox, mc mby ycvzch by bzklsdxccv od xmc Oyvbclo Bve bdh by bd kjjoicv od xmc S$Y$ Ebvodc Ikvqy$ Moy vcycbvim jkv xmoyfkkn mby fccd jcbxsvch od xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Lky Bd`clcy Xoecy, bdh Lkdhkd HbolXclc`vbqm$ Xmc xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj hkisecdxy bdh kvbl xcyxoekdocy -=ee bdh ZMY zohck/xmc bsxmkv ikllcixch jkv xmoy yxsh mbzc fccd qsvimbych f xmc Dbxokdbl Eoloxbv Bvimozc kj @cvebd$ Xmc Fvbd Ebvn Vo`` Ikllcixokd oy mksych od xmc Fsdhcybvimoz%Eoloxvbvimoz odJvcofsv`, @cvebd$

Iloin mcvc xk lcbvd ekvc bfksx xmc bsxmkv bdh moy vcycbvim c}qcvocdicy$



Qb`c | :3

mxxq7++ppp$nbdybyqvcyy$ns$chs+vo`mox$mxel

Od xmc jkllkpod` rskxc pc fcòd xk sdhcvyxbdh xmoy &Gcpoym& ohcb kj xmcov &`kh& b loxxlcfcxxcv by ox oy bqqloch ekvc hovcixl xk xkhb7

&Xmc Gcpoym qckqlc by b pmklc poll fc oxy kpd Ecyyobm$ Ox poll bxxbod pkvlh hkeodokd f

xmc hoyyklsxokd kj kxmcv vbicy, f xmc bfkloxokd kj jvkdxocvy, xmc bddomolbxokd kj ekdbvim, bdhf xmc cyxbfloymecdx kj b pkvlh vcqsfloi od pmoim xmc Gcpy poll czcvpmcvc c}cvioyc xmcqvozolc`c kj ioxowcdymoq$ Od xmoy dcp pkvlh kvhcv xmc imolhvcd kj Oyvbcl poll jsvdoym bll xmclcbhcvy poxmksx cdiksdxcvod` kqqkyoxokd$

Xmc @kzcvdecdxy kj xmc hojjcvcdx qckqlcy jkveod` xmc pkvlh vcqsfloi poll jbll poxmksxhojjoislx odxk xmc mbdhy kj xmc Gcpy$ Ox poll xmcd fc qkyyoflc jkv xmc Gcpoym vslcvy xk bfkloymqvozbxc qvkqcvx, bdh czcvpmcvc xk ebnc syc kj xmc vcyksvicy kj xmc yxbxc$ Xmsy poll xmcqvkeoyc kj xmc Xblesh fc jsljollch, od pmoim oy yboh xmbx pmcd xmc Ecyyobdoi xoec oy ikec, xmcGcpy poll mbzc bll xmc qvkqcvx kj xmc pmklc pkvlh od xmcov mbdhy$& -Fbvsim Lcz, Lcxxcv xkNbvl Ebv}, 'Lb Vczsc hc Qbvoy', q$ 308, Gsdc 2, 2?6=/

Oyd'x xmc &Gcpoym& `kh xmc @kh kj xmc Klh Xcyxbecdx; Oyd'x xmoy pm pc vcjcv xk xmc qkqslbvfclocj od Imvoyx by xmc &Gshck&%Imvoyxobd vcloòkd; Vbffo Fcd Wokd Fknycv pvkxc od &Gshboyebdh xmc Imvoyxobd Qvchoibecdx& -Dcp _kvn7 Bljvch B$ Ndkqj, 2?:0/ q$ 3?7

&Xmoy oy dkx bd sdikeekd oeqvcyyokd bdh kdc jodhy ox ykecxoecy bekd` Gcpy by pcll byImvoyxobdy % xmbx Gshboye oy xmc vcloòkd kj xmc Mcfvcp Foflc$ Ox oy, kj iksvyc, b jbllbioksyoeqvcyyokd$$$Gshboye oy dkx xmc vcloòkd kj xmc Foflc$&

YMKVX LOYX KJ MKLKIK(X BFYSVHOXOCY -bdkdeksy/

Ð Ebyy `vbzcy c}qcllod` `cycvy kj flkkh> ^2U

Ð Bioh kv fkolod`%pbxcv fbxmy xk qvkhsic msebd ynclcxkdy> ^6U

Ð Odgcixokdy odxk xmc ccy kj odebxcy xk imbd`c xmcov cc iklkv> ^9U

Ð Qvkhsixokd kj ymvsdncd mcbhy jvke fkhocy kj odebxcy> ^8U

Ð Ynoeeod` kjj fkolod` msebd jbx jvke kqcd%bov ivcebxokd jovcy> ^3U

Ð Ksx kj qox jkv ikeqlcxc yxvbd`cvy % b Gcpoym ekxmcv bdh mcv imolh % bd

YY%ebd zklsdxbvol lcbqy odxk xmc `by imbefcv bx xmc lbyx ycikdh xk hoc poxm xmce> ^:U

Ð Ykbq qvkhsixokd jvke msebd jbx, yklced fsvobl kj ykbq> ^0U

Ð Sdhcv`vksdh ebyy c}xcveodbxokd od cdkveksy vkkey f ecbdy kj mo`m zklxb`c

clcixvoiox> ^=U

Ð Nollod` od zbisse imbefcv kv poxm yxcbe kv imlkvodc `by> ^?U

Ð Ebyy `vbzcy poxm msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj fkhocy, vcekzch poxmksx b xvbic poxmod

b jcp pccny> b xvsc eovbilc kj oeqvkzoybxokd kd xmc qbvx kj xmc @cvebdy> ^21U

Ð @by imbefcvy kd pmccly od Xvcflodnb, pmoim hseqch xmcov zoixoey hovcixl odxk

fsvdod` qoxy> hclbch%bixokd qkoykd `by xmbx bllkpch xmc zoixoey xk lcbzc xmc

`by imbefcvy bdh pbln xk xmc ebyy `vbzcy f xmceyclzcy> ^22U

Ð Clcixvoibl ikdzckv%fclx c}cisxokdy> ^26U



Qb`c | ::

Ð Ivcebxokd kj fkhocy od flbyx jsvdbicy> ^29U

Ð YY foiilc vbicy od xmc `by imbefcv kj Fovncdbs> ^28U

Ð Vcekzbl kj ikvqycy f flbyxod`, o$c$, flkpod` xmce sq> ^23U

Ð Flsc mbwc bjxcv `byyod` poxm mhvkibdoi bioh -pmoim oy iklkvlcyy/> ^2:U

Ð Yodòd` kj dbxokdbl bdxmcey bdh xmc Odxcvdbxokdblc f xmc zoixoey od xmc `by

imbefcv> czohcdic kj bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb kj Ikeesdoyx kvoòd> ^20U

Ð Vbqoh%ikdyxvsixokd qkvxbflc `by imbefcv ymchy> ^2=U

Ð Nollod` f hvodnod` b `lbyy kj lorsoh mhvkibdoi bioh> ^2?U

Ð Esyilcy isx jvke xmc lc`y kj c}cisxch odebxcy ikdxvbix yk yxvkd`l xmbx ox ebncy

xmc fsincxy gseq bfksx> ^61U

Ð Odxvkhsixokd kj Wnlkd `by odxk xmc `by imbefcvy kj Bsyimpoxw xmvks`m ymkpcv

mcbhy kv jvke yxccl fkxxlcy> ^62UÐ Ebdsjbixsvc kj ybsyb`cy kj msebd jlcym f xmc YY od xmc ivcebxkvob> ^66U

Ð Eseeojoch msebd xmsefy sych by lo`mx ypoximcy od xmc mkec kj Olyc Nkim,

pojc kj ikdicdxvbxkod ibeq ikeebdhcv Nkim -Fsimcdpblh/> ^69U

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

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kq$ iox$ -dkxc 286/, q$ 628$^6U J$ Eüllcv, od7 M$ Lbd`fcod, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 232/, z$ 2, q$ =0> poxdcyy Pclly od xmc

Coimebdd Xvobl, od7 J$ G$ Yimcohl, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 08/, z$ 8, q$ 69:$

^9U M$ Lbd`fcod, Ecdyimcd od Bsyimpoxw, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 236/, qq$ 9=9j$

^8U M$ Lbd`fcod, ofoh$, q$ 9=2$

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^:U C$ Fkdmkcjjcv, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 629/, qq$ 8=j$

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Qb`c | :0

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^21U Byohc jvke dkxc 98?, ij$ blyk P$ Fcdw, Hoecdyokd hcy Zúlncvekvhy, Klhcdfksv`,Esdoim 2??2> qq$ 961, 8:?, 80?, 8=?, 390jj$

^22U Vcqkvxy kj xmc Qkloym sdhcv`vksdh ekzcecdx, Bvimoz hcv Qkldoyimcd Zcvcodo`xcdBvfcoxcvqbvxco, 616+OOO, z$ 0, qq$ 261j$, rskxch od7 Q$ Lkd`cvoim, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 602/, q$ 89=$

^26U Qvbzhb, Jcf$ 6, 2?83, ij$ S$ Pblcdh, Moyxkvoyimc Xbxybimcd Dk$ 927 &Hoc Fcjvcosd`zkd Bsyimpoxw 2?83&, Zcvlb` jüv Zklnyxse sdh Wcox`cyimoimxyjkvyimsd`, Zlkxmk 2?=0, q$ 8$

^29U M$ zkd Eklxnc, Fvocjc bd Jvcb 2?9?%2?83, Fcin, Esdoim 2?==, q$ 861> ij$ Q$Lkd`cvoim -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 602/, q$ 893> Qvbzhb, Jcf$ 6, 2?83$

^28U Düvdfcv`cv Dbimvoimxcd, Ycqx$ 22, 2?0=, vcqkvxch ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd od gsv iksvxxvobl, Byimbjjcdfsv`, @cvebd$

^23U V$ MúÛ, od7 E$ Fvkywbx -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 02/, qq$ 2:2j$> B$ Vüincvl, DY%Qvkwcyyc,kq$ iox$ -dkxc 260/, q$ 0=> M$ @vbfoxw, DY%Qvkwcyyc$, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 2?2/, q$ 6=$

^2:U V$ Fúin, Jvbdnjsvx Qsfloi Qvkycisxkv'y Kjjoic, Vcj$ 8 Gy 888+3?, qq$ :==2j$

^20U M$ @$ Bhlcv, M$ Lbd`fcod, C$ Lod`cdy%Vcodcv -chy$/, Bsyimpoxw %Wcs`doyyc sdhFcvoimxc, Csvkqèoyimc Zcvlb`ybdyxblx, Iklk`dc 2?=8, q$ 0:$

^2=U V$ Byimcdbscv -ch$/, Oim, Bhklj Coimebdd, Hvsjjcl, Lckdo 2?=1, qq$ 20?j$

^2?U Zcvhoix kj xmc Mbddkzcv Hoyxvoix Iksvx, Vcj$ 6 Ny 2+:1> ij$ M$ Loimxcdyxcod, kq$ iox$-dkxc =8/, q$ =9$

^61U J$ Eüllcv, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 983/, q$ 08$

^62U E$ Yimcinxcv bdh b vcqkvx kj Gsdc 8, 2?83, pvoxxcd f bd kjjoicv kj xmc 6dh BvekvchHozoyokd, vcjcvvod` xk Bsyimpoxw> Jvbdwúyoyimcy Füvk hcy Odjkvebxokdyhocdyxcy üfcvNvoc`yzcvfvcimcd -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 983/, q$ 2=8$

^66U Hbzoh Qvcyybi, od G$%I$ Qvcyybi, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 20/, q$ 338, jksvxm iklsed, lodcy 20%66$

^69U Nsvx @lbyy, Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Bqvol 21, 2??3$

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Qb`c | :=

Oy xmc Mklkibsyx b Mkb};

Poxmod jozc eodsxcy, bd odxcllo`cdx, kqcd%eodhch qcvykd ibd fc ikdzodich xmbx xmcMklkibsyx `byyod`y kj Pkvlh Pbv OO bvc b qvkjoxbflc mkb}$

Jvch B$ Lcsimxcv oy Becvoib'y lcbhod` yqciobloyx kd xmc hcyo`d bdh jbfvoibxokd kj c}cisxokdcrsoqecdx, odilshod` mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy$ Od 2?==, Lcsimxcv yivbqch ybeqlcy jvke xmcbllc`ch `by imbefcv pblly od Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Lsflod$ Ibdohc vcyohsc pkslh fcilcbvl czohcdx kd bll xmcyc pblly oj `byyod`y hoh kiisv$ Xk moy byxkdoymecdx, Lcsimxcv jksdhdk yo`dojoibdx ibdohc xvbicy od bd kdc kj xmcyc vkkey$

Od 2??2, xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx vcqcbxch xmcyc xcyxy xk hoyqvkzc Lcsimxcv'y jodhod`y, fsxxmc by pcll jksdh dk czohcdic kj bd `byyod`y czcv kiisvvod`$

Xmc yxvsixsvbl odxc`vox kj xmcyc &`by imbefcvy& oy blyk c}xvcecl jbslx$ Xmcyc vkkey mbzckvhodbv hkkvy bdh podhkpy pmoim bvc dkx mcvecxoibll ycblch" Xmcvc bvc lbv`c `bqy fcxpccdxmc jlkkvy bdh hkkvy$ Oj xmc @cvebdy mbh bxxceqxch xk `by bdkdc od xmcyc vkkey, xmc pkslhmbzc hoch xmceyclzcy, by xmc `by pkslh mbzc lcbnch bdh ikdxbeodbxch xmc cdxovc bvcb$ Blyk,dk crsoqecdx c}oyxy xk c}mbsyx xmc bov%`by eo}xsvc jvke xmcyc fsolhod`y$ Dkxmod` pby ebhc xkodxvkhsic kv hoyxvofsxc xmc `by xmvks`mksx xmc imbefcvy$ Xmcvc bvc dk qvkzoyokdy xk qvczcdxikdhcdybxokd kj `by kd xmc pblly, jlkkvy kv icolod`y$ Dk c}mbsyx yxbiny mbzc czcv c}oyxch$

Xmks`m yo} eollokd Gcpy ysqqkychl hoch od xmc `by imbefcvy, dkx kdc fkh mby czcv fccdbsxkqyoch bdh jksdh xk mbzc hoch kj `by qkoykdod`$ Pc mbzc fccd ymkpd qolcy kj fkhocy jvkePkvlh Pbv OO, fsx ekyx kj xmcyc qcvykdy hoch kj xqmsy kv yxbvzbxokd kv Blloch fkefod`y bdh b`vcbx ebd kj xmkyc pcvc esvhcvch @cvebdy, dkx Gcpy$ Vks`ml xmc crsozblcdx kj xcd jkkxfbll

joclhy ymkslh fc qbinch jsll kj `byych fkhocy xk qvcycdx by czohcdic, cx dkx kdc fkh mby czcvfccd hoyikzcvch$

Xmc @cvebdy hkisecdxch czcvxmod` od ecxoislksy hcxbol jvke ymvsffcv xk bvfkvy, fsx dkqvc%pbv kv pbvxoec qlbdy kv hkisecdxy c}oyx xmbx hcxbol kv czcd ecdxokd bd `by imbefcvy jkvvcbykdy kj `cdkiohc$ Bll hkisecdxy czcv qvcycdxch pcvc hvbpd sq BJXCV xmc pbv$

Czcd oj pc xmvcp bpb bll xmc czohcdic bdh biiksdxch jkv czcv yk%ibllch `by imbefcv, oxpkslh mbzc xbncd := _CBVY xk biikeqloym `byyod` yo} eollokd Gcpy"

Czcd Xmc Hobv kj Bddc Jvbdn oy b mkb}$ Qkvxokdy kj xmc hobv pcvc pvoxxcd poxm b fbllqkodx qcd$ Xmcyc qcdy pcvc dkx od syc bx xmc xoec Bddc Jvbdn lozch$

Ox oy dkx hcdoch ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy c}oyxch$ Xvbòibll, ebd hoch kj xqmsy kv yxbvzbxokd,by kjxcd mbqqcdy od ysim yoxsbxokdy$ Xmcvc oy, mkpczcv, dk czohcdic xmbx bd `byyod`y kiisvvchjkv xmc vcbykdy kj `cdkiohc$

Oyvbcl ikdxodscy xk vcicozc xvollokdy kj hkllbvy pkvlhpohc by vcxvofsxokd jkv Mklkibsyx`byyod`y$ Ksv iksdxv mby hkdbxch ekvc ekdc xk Oyvbcl xmbd xk bd kxmcv iksdxv od xmcmoyxkv kj xmc pkvlh %% kzcv (93 follokd qcv cbv, czcvxmod` odilshch$ Oj dkx jkv ksvc}xvbzb`bdxl `cdcvksy òjxy xk Oyvbcl, czcv jbeol od Becvoib ikslh bjjkvh b fvbdh dcpEcvichcy Fcdw$ Ysvcl xmc Becvoibd qckqlc pkslh fc ksxvb`ch oj xmc vcblowch xmcov mbvh%cbvdch ekdc oy fcod` yrsbdhcvch od xmcyc hojjoislx xoecy$

Poxm bll xmoy ekdc bx yxbnc jkv Oyvbcl, ox oy cby xk ikeqvcmcdh pm xmoy Mklkibsyx mkb} oyyk ycivcxl `sbvhch$ Xmc Gcpoym dbec jkv Mklkibsyx oy &Ymkbm$& Od Wokdoyx iovilcy, ox oy ndkpdby &Ymkbm Fsyodcyy$& Oj dkxmod` clyc, xmoy sdfcloczbflc ikzcvsq hcekdyxvbxcy xmc ovvcqvcyyoflc



Qb`c | :?

Wokdoyx odjlscdic bdh ikdxvkl kj ksv iksdxv$ Xmcov kdl hcjcdyc b`bodyx xmc jbixy oy xk iv ksx&bdxoyceoxoi,& &Ynodmcbh& kv &Dbwo,& pmcvcby xmc ebgkvox kj xmkyc pmk rscyxokd xmcMklkibsyx bvc kvhodbv ioxowcdy$$$xmks`m ks pkslh dczcv ndkp ox jvke xmc echob$

Od pmbxczcv pb ks ibd, qlcbyc mclq ymbxxcv xmoy qvkjoxbflc exm$ Ox oy xoec pc yxkqybivojoiod` Becvoib'y pcljbvc jkv xmc ybnc kj Oyvbcl bdh yqcdh ksv mbvh%cbvdch hkllbvy kd

Becvoibdy$

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Gcpoym Kvimcyxvb qcvjkveod` bx Xmcvcyocdyxbhx 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq$ Qmkxk xbncd f Nsvx@cvvkd, Gcpoym pbvxoec jole qvkhsicv$

Xmcvc bvc ikeqcllod` vcbykdy xk fcloczc xmbx xmc yk%ibllch mklkibsyx dczcv c}oyxch$ Qb`c669, od Xmc Hobv kj Bddc Jvbdn, -Qbd Mkvowkdy choxokd, Qbd Fkkny Lxh$, Lkdhkd, 2?=?/,odhoibxcy xmbx xmc yowc kj Bsyimpoxw, xmc ekyx dkxkvoksy kj bll @cvebd pkvn ibeqy, PBYZCV_ YEBLL, poxm kdl 22,111 qckqlc -ebd kj pmke eb dkx czcd mbzc fccd Gcpy/fcod` czbisbxch f xmc @cvebdy bx xmc xoec kj xmc Vsyyobd bhzbdic od 2?83$ Icvxbodl,ikeqbvch xk Yqoclfcv`'y jole, Yimodhlcv'y Loyx -pmoim Ceoloc Yimodhlcv, Kynbv'y pohkp, ybohpby jsll kj locy/, bdh kxmcv Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb, xmbx eollokdy sqkd eollokdy kj Gcpy pcvcyyxcebxoibll c}xcveodbxch, 22,111 qckqlc oy b zcv yebll dsefcv$ Yoeqlc bvoxmecxoi xclly syxmbx xmc @cvebdy pkslh mbzc mbh xk mbzc mbh msdhvchy kj ibeqy, kv clyc xmc pkslh mbzc mbh

xk c}xcveodbxc 290 qckqlc QCV MKSV, od kvhcv jkv yo} eollokd Gcpy xk mbzc fccdc}xcveodbxch bx ysim yebll ibeqy by Bsyimpoxw, b jcbx xmbx pkslh mbzc fccd msebdloeqkyyoflc ikdyohcvod` xmbx, biikvhod` xk Hks`lby Vcch'y Fcmodh xmc Yicdc bdh Xmc

Ikdxvkzcvy kj Wokd, b ecvc =31,111 yklhocvy bdh kxmcvy pcvc nollch f xmc cdxovc @cvebd bdhGbqbdcyc pbv ebimodcy ikefodch hsvod` PP6 -ycc q$9?0%811 kj Hks`lby Vcch'y fkkn Ikdxvkzcvy kj Wokd/$ Qckqlc pmk pkslh fcloczc xmc Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpypcvc c}xcveodbxch f Moxlcv esyx NCCQ OD EODH XMC YEBLL YIBLC IKDYXVSIXOKDKJ BSYIMPOXW BDH XMC ZCV_ JCP KXMCV @CVEBD PKVN IBEQY XMBXC]OYXCH HSVOD@ PP6$

Kd Gsl 29, 2??8, b hkisecdxbv kd xmc lojc kj Imbvlcy B$ Lodhfcv`m fvkbhibyx kd xmc

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Qb`c | 01

yoeqlc bvoxmecxoi xclly sy xmbx 63,111 xoecy b mblj hkwcd ibeqy hkcy dkx crsbl :,111,111$ Odjbix, ox hkcyd'x czcd crsbl :11,111$ $ $ $

Ox oy bd odxcvcyxod` jbix xmbx xmc dsefcv kj yk%ibllch qcvycisxch Gcpy NCCQYODIVCBYOD@$ Mbl @vccdpblh, qvk`vbe hovcixkv jkv xmc Mollcl Jksdhbxokd bx HsncSdozcvyox, b Gcpoym yxshcdx `vksq, mby fccd qvkekxod` xmc ohcb xmbx DODC EOLLOKD GCPY

PCVC C]XCVEODBXCH OD MOXLCV'Y @BY IMBEFCVY -Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Dkz$ ?,2??2, BQ/$ DKP OX'Y ? EOLLOKD BDH @VKPOD@$ $$GSYX LONC KSV HCFX+XB]EKDC_ YSQQL_$$$XMC DSEFCVY GSYX NCCQ IKEOD@ KSX KJ XMOD BOV$ $ $-XmcFoflc Ibsych Cikdkeoi bdh Jodbdiobl Ylbzcv od xmc Dcp Pkvlh Kvhcv f Lcc Imcdc/$

Xmc Mklkibsyx Oyysc7 Xmvcc Imvoyxobd Zocpy

Imvoyxobd Vcyqkdyofolox xk Xvsxm

f Mcvebd Kxxcd

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Xmc hb oy ysvcl ikeod` pmcd bll xmc czohcdic ymkpod` xmbx xmc @cvebdy dczcvc}xcveodbxch yo} eollokd Gcpy ibd dk lkd`cv fc ysqqvcyych$ Xvsxm oy dkx hcxcveodch f

ebgkvox zkxc$ O lcbvdch xmoy lcyykd od mo`m yimkkl, bdh yodic xmcd mbzc vcqcbxchl hoyikzcvchmkp xmc ebgkvox kj yimklbvy, czcd poxmod ksv imsvimcy, ibd fc od cvvkv$ Xmbx ksv qvcyohcdxy,ycdbxkvy bdh ikd`vcyyecd bvc bll ysqqkych xk fc ikdzodich xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch yo}eollokd Gcpy, xmbx blekyx bll kj ksv dbxokd'y qvkjcyykvy bdh imsvimecd bvc yboh xk ebodxbodxmbx xmc Mklkibsyx oy b jbix, hkcyd'x ebnc ox b jbix$

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Xmc Mklkibsyx %% xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd kj ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy -ekyx kj xmce f`byyod`/ %% oy b mkb} bdh ymkslh fc vcik`dowch by ysim f Imvoyxobdy bdh bll odjkvech, mkdcyxbdh xvsxmjsl ecd czcvpmcvc$

Mcvc bvc xmc vcbykdy xmbx mbzc oeqvcyych ec by qbvxoislbvl qcvysbyozc od ikeod` xk ekpd ikdilsyokd xmbx xmc Vczoyokdoyx zocp kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy xmc ikvvcix kdc7

% Xmcvc oy dk ikdzodiod` kv ysfyxbdxobl czohcdic jkv xmc bllc`bxokd kj ebyy nollod`y od `byimbefcvy od xmc pbvxoec @cvebd ibeqy$ Ibvcjsl odzcyxo`bxokd %% od qbvxoislbv xmbx ibvvoch ksxf Becvoibd cdòdccv Jvch Lcsimxcv %% mby xmkvks`ml hoyivchoxch xmc &`by imbefcv&c}xcveodbxokd ilboey$



Qb`c | 02

% Xmc ekyx vclobflc yxbxoyxoiy bzbolbflc ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc lc`cdhbv &yo}eollokd& jo`svc$ Xmc fcyx czohcdic odhoibxcy xmbx dk ekvc xmbd b eollokd, kv qcvmbqy b eollokdbdh b mblj, Csvkqcbd Gcpy qcvoymch jvke bll ibsycy hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy$

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fcloczch xmc pbvxoec c}xcveodbxokd qvkqb`bdhb$

% Blxmks`m xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx ncqx c}xcdyozc bdh hcxbolch vcikvhy kj oxy pbvxoecGcpoym qkloi, dkx b yod`lc hkisecdx mby czcv fccd jksdh pmoim ysfyxbdxobxcy kv czcd vcjcvyxk bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe kv qkloi$ Odyxcbh, xmc zklseodksy @cvebd vcikvhy ikdjoyibxchf xmc Bllocy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qvk`vbe pbykdc kj ceo`vbxokd bdh hcqkvxbxokd, dkx c}xcveodbxokd$

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Zocp kj xmc ypoeeod` qkkl bx Bsyimpoxw 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq



Qb`c | 06

Xmc Mklkibsyx oy b mkb}$ Xmc xoec mby ikec jkv Imvoyxobd yimklbvy bdh qbyxkvy xkvcik`dowc xmoy, bdh xk yxkq qcvqcxvbxod` b mkb} by xmc xvsxm$ B Imvoyxobd oy dkx jvcc xk fcloczcbdh qvkekxc b loc bfksx bd qcvykd kv dbxokd$ Xvsc Imvoyxobd yimklbvy ymkslh bx lcbyx vcbhpmbx xmc Vczoyokdoyxy pvoxc$

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pmk ibd'x yqcbn, jkv xmc vo`mxy kj xmkyc pmk bvc hkkech$ Xbln sq, vcdhcv jbov hcioyokdy, bdh

hcjcdh xmc vo`mxy kj xmc qkkv bdh dcch qckqlc$& -Qvkzcvfy 927?/

B Imvoyxobd fbycy moy jboxm sqkd jbixy bdh bfyklsxc xvsxm, dkx jcclod`y bdh cekxokd$ BImvoyxobd vcik`dowcy xmbx kdl @kh oy bll%ndkpod`$ B Imvoyxobd oy pollod` xk loyxcd xk czohcdicbdh czblsbxc zbvoksy zocpqkodxy$ Mc hkcyd'x ilkyc moy eodh xk xmc jbixy bdh czohcdic$ Mchkcyd'x yxbvx ksx poxm xmc byyseqxokd xmbx xmc Gcp oy vo`mx bdh xmc @cvebd oy pvkd`, kv xmbx xmcGcp oy pvkd` bdh xmc @cvebd oy vo`mx$ Mc lkkny bx xmc czohcdic$ Xmkyc pmk yb xmc hkd'xibvc oj ox pby yo} eollokd kv kdc bvc ymkpod` b hcyqoibflc bxxoxshc xkpbvh xvsxm$ Xmc bvcybod`7 &Pc hkd'x ibvc bfksx xmc xvsxm$& Ysim bd bxxoxshc oy yodjsl bdh pkvlhl$ Oy ox bdpkdhcv xmbx yk ebd xmcd `k kd xk bix by ox xmc hkd'x ibvc bfksx bdkxmcv ebd'y pojc kvqvkqcvx; Xmc xvsxmjsldcyy kj xmc Mklkibsyx oy b ekvbl oyysc$ Xmkyc pmk ebodxbod xmbx xmc@cvebdy c}xcveodbxch ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy, ekyx kj xmce f `byyod`, bvc yccod` xk ox xmbxxmc Imvoyxobd Imsvim ibd dk lkd`cv bzkoh yqcbnod` ksx$ Imsvimcy bvc fcod` qsymch, by dczcvfcjkvc, xk mbzc yqciobl ycvzoicy ikeecekvbxod` xmc Mklkibsyx$

B Imvoyxobd oy vcbh xk imbd`c moy kqodokd oj xmc czohcdic ymkpy mc oy pvkd`$ Dsecvksyxoecy pc mbzc odzoxch &c}xcveodbxokdoyxy& xk vcjsxc xmc Vczoyokdoyxy$

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Qb`c | 09

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Qb`c | 08

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Qb`c | 03

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Qb`c | 0:

Xmcvc oy blvcbh b yxvkd` odhoibxokd xmbx xmkyc pmk qvkekxc xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv bvc bjvbohkj xmc xvsxm$ Xmbx ibd kdl c}qlbod xmc dcch jkv vohoislod` xmkyc pmk yccn kdl xk qvcycdx xmccdxovc ebxxcv fcjkvc bd kqcd pkvlh jkvse kj sdfobych bdh sdqvcgshoich odzcyxo`bxkvy$ Fcibsycxmc qvcqkdhcvbdic kj kfgcixozc bdh jbixsbl czohcdic ymkpy xmc qvkekxcvy kj xmc Mklkibsyxyxkv xk fc lofclksy jvbshy, ydcbn xbixoiy bdh ovvbxokdbl cekxokdbloye esyx fc sych$

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Qb`c | 00

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Qb`c | 0=

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Hcv Yqoc`cl$

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B eb`dojoicdx =:1%qb`c Jkibl Qkodx choxokd kj Moxlcv'y Pbv pby qsfloymch lbyx cbv$Xbnod` biiksdx kj moy ekyx vcicdx vcycbvim bdh odyo`mxy, vcjcvcdicy xk yk%ibllch

&c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& mbzc fccd vcekzch jvke xmoy vczoych choxokd$ Bdh od moy odxvkhsixokd,Ovzod` hcjxl xcbvy bqbvx kdc moyxkvoibl lc`cdh bjxcv bdkxmcv$



Qb`c | 0?

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Qb`c | =1

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Qb`c | =2

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Qb`c | =6

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ykd`y kj ikdrscyx, pmoqy od mbdh, bfksx xk lcbq xmvks`m xmc BHL kjjoic podhkp xk lbym xmcmbqlcyy hvsh`cy odyohc bdh eoyxvcbx xmce yc}sbll$ Ysim jbdxbyocy esyx fc xvbsebxowod` jkvxmkyc pmk ysjjcv xmce, fsx xk kxmcvy xmc ibd bqqcbv ikeoi bdh odjbdxolc$

Xmc xc}x kj e bh, pmoim qvkeqxch Yxcvd'y vcyqkdyc, ebncy bx lcbyx xpk ilboey pmoimbheoxxchl bvc ikdxvkzcvyobl$ Ox byycvxy xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx Esycse c}mofoxy dk qvkkj xmbxmkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy c}oyxch bdpmcvc od Csvkqc, bdh dk qvkkj xmbx czcd kdc imolh,pkebd kv ebd pby &`byych& bx bd @cvebd ibeq lofcvbxch f xmc Bllocy$ O jlcp xkPbymod`xkd, xksvch xmc Esycse, bdh xmbx'y e byycyyecdx kj oxy c}mofoxy$

Ev$ Yxcvd pvoxcy xmbx xmc fcyx vcyqkdyc xk xmc &ksxvb`cksy locy& kj vczoyokdoye, xmbx oy, xmcxc}x kj e bh bfksx xmc Esycse, oy xk &vcoxcvbxc xmc xvsxm& bdh &vcqcbx xmc jbixy$& Ox'y `kkh

bhzoic, fsx Yxcvd bzkohy ox lonc xmc qlb`sc$ Odyxcbh, mc vczcbly xmc ikeekd BHL yclj%ycvzod`kfycyyokd poxm mbxc ekzcecdxy `vkpod` lonc ibdicvy od Becvoibd ykiocx$ Mc hkcyd'x czcd xvxk byysvc moy vcbhcvy xmbx xmc Esycse hkcy, od jbix, c}mofox qvkkj kj kdc `by imbefcv kv kdczoixoe kj b `by imbefcv$ Pm;

Xmc Ebvzod Yxcvdy bdh xmc BHL jbic b ikdsdhvse$ Xmc ibd ikdxodsc xk vbol poxm ceqxovvbxokdbloye b`bodyx lcòxoebxc vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh pbxim xmc dsefcv kj Becvoibdy pmkbvc odivcbyod`l sdysvc pmbx xk fcloczc bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv odivcbyc cbv bjxcv cbv$

Kv xmc ibd xsvd xk xmc kvxmkhk} yimklbvy od xmc joclh jkv mclq od vcyqkdhod` xk vczoyokdoyxrscyxokdy$ Xmbx pkslh fc xmc bhslx xmod` xk hk$ Xmc BHL'cvy mkpczcv, xvsc xk jkve, mbzcimkycd xk hk xmc imolhoym xmod` %% xk ysfyxoxsxc yimkklbvh odyslxy jkv b `vkpd%sq c}imbd`c kj

ohcby$



Qb`c | =9

Yxcvd'y bvxoilc od Xmc Kvc`kdobd vbd sdhcv xmc mcbh, &Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy Ymkslh FcImbllcd`ch, Vcqshobxch Poxm Xvsxm$& Ebvzod bdh O bvc od ikeqlcxc b`vccecdx kd xmoy kdc$ Hkox" Imbllcd`c xmc ilboey od e bh poxm xvsxm" Xmbx mby blpby fccd pmbx O'zc bynch jkv$ Ox'y eodzoxbxokd xk xmc BHL'cvy bdh e imbllcd`c xk xmce %% bdh xk bll kxmcvy$ Vcyqkdh xk e bhypoxm xvsxm$ O hkd'x CZCV pbdx xk vsd bd bh xmbx ikdxbody bd odbhzcvxcdx cvvkv kj jbix$

Pm hk xmc Ebvzod Yxcvdy xbln bfksx vcqshobxod` vczoyokdoye poxm &xvsxm& bdh blpbyczbhc hkod` yk; Mcvc'y e `scyy$ Pmolc vczoyokdoyxy blekyx icvxbodl bvc dkx vo`mx bfksxczcvxmod`, pc'vc dkx pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod` coxmcv$ Dk kdc oy pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod`"Xmbx'y pmbx xcvvojocy Ebvzod Yxcvd bdh moy BHL fshhocy$ Xmc hb xmc bheox xmc qkyyofoloxxmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc dkx pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod`, xmcov qyimklkòibl pkvlh poll ikllbqyc$Xmc'll mbzc bheoxxch xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc msebd fcod`y, xmbx pc cbx ksv yksq poxm b yqkkd

gsyx lonc xmc hk$

Bdh xmcvc'y xmc vsf$ Xmc BHL'cvy ibd'x bjjkvh xk bheox xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc kvhodbv ecdbdh pkecd %% xmbx oy, msebd fcod`y$ Xmc BHL ikeeoxxch oxyclj xk oxy dbwo hczol jbdxby mblj bicdxsv b`k bdh mby vohhcd ox yk lkd` yk ysiicyyjsll ox ibd'x `cx kjj, dk ebxxcv mkp fvkncd

hkpd bdh c}mbsyxch xmc klh db` oy$

Ebvzod Yxcvd oy qvkfbfl b doic `s$ Mc'y qvkfbfl b yebvx `s$ Pmcd b yebvx `s `kcykzcv xmc lodc bdh fcikecy b xvsc fcloczcv ox'y blekyx oeqkyyoflc jkv moe xk imbd`c moy eodh$Pmcd b xvsc fcloczcv imbd`cy moy eodh mc fcikecy bd bqkyxbxc$ Mc jccly lonc b xvboxkv$ Bhsef `s ibd gsyx imbd`c moy eodh bdh `k bfksx moy fsyodcyy$ B yebvx `s pmk'y fcikec bxvsc fcloczcv mby xk pkvn ksx b xmckv c}qlbodod` mkp, fcod` yk yebvx, mc ikslh mbzc fcloczchykecxmod` yk hsef yk lkd`$ Ox'y dkx cby$ O ndkp$

Ebvzod, O sych xk fcloczc czcvxmod` bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv ks fcloczc dkp$ Ox'y dkx byod xk fc pvkd`$ Ox'y msebd$ _ks mbzc b xmckv ks fcloczc oy xvsc, O mbzc b xmckv O xmodn oyxvsc$ Lcx'y xbln xmod`y kzcv$ _ks ndkp mkp ox `kcy$ O loyxcd xk ks$ _ks loyxcd xk ec$ Pc mbzc

b fccv$ Pc ycxxlc xmc pkvlh'y qvkflcey$

-Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm oy hovcixkv kj Ikeeoxxcc jkv Kqcd Hcfbxc kd xmc Mklkibsyx$/

Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy ymkslh fc Imbllcd`ch, Vcqshobxch poxm Xvsxm

f Ebvzod Yxcvd

Xmc imbd`cy od xmc pkvlh kzcv xmc lbyx jozc cbvy mbzc fccd fvcbxm%xbnod`$ Oj bdkdc yks`mxxk hcd xmc jbixy kj xmc jbll kj xmc Fcvlod Pbll, xmc ivseflod` kj Yksxm Bjvoibd bqbvxmcoh, xmc

bdxo%Ovbr ikbloxokd od xmc Qcvyobd @slj Pbv, xmc moyxkvoi mbdhymbnc kd xmc Pmoxc Mksyc lbpd,mc pkslh fc ecx poxm vohoislc kv o`dkvch by b jkkl$

Mkp xmcd xk c}qlbod xmc `vkpod` Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye ekzcecdx, yqcbvmcbhch f xmcIblojkvdob%fbych Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp %% jksdhch f lkd`xoec bdxo%Yceoxc PolloyIbvxk kj xmc Lofcvx Lkff xk hcd moyxkv'y ekyx jsll hkisecdxch bxvkiox;

Xmcvc bvc xpk bdypcvy7 xmc hbd`cv kj o`dkvbdic bdh xmc qkpcv kj bdxo%Yceoxoye$

Ikdyohcv mkp Mklkibsyx hcdobl vcjlcixy xvbhoxokdbl bdxo%Yceoxoi xmcecy$ Xqoibll, bdxo%Yceoxcy imbv`c Gcpy poxm xkk esim qkpcv, poxm ikdyqovbxkvobl ikdxvkl kj czcdxy bdhodyxoxsxokdy$ Xmc fcyx%ndkpd ollsyxvbxokd kj xmoy oy &Xmc Qvkxkikly kj xmc Lcbvdch Clhcvy kj

Wokd,& xmc dkxkvoksy xsvd%kj%xmc%icdxsv jkv`cv$



Qb`c | =8

Hoyxvofsxkvy kj Mklkibsyx%hcdobl loxcvbxsvc yqvcbh xmoy mkb} by pcll$ Hcdocvy hcyivofc xmcMklkibsyx by b exm ikdikixch f Gcpy xk c}xvbix yeqbxm, ekdc, bdh ekvbl ibvxc flbdimc>xmc qkvxvb xmc Mklkibsyx bdh xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobly by ikdyqovbiocy xk qvkekxc Gcpoym qkpcvbdh odjlscdic$

Pmcd Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy hoyqsxc xmc jbixy kj xmc Dbwo `cdkiohc, xmc bvc bxxbinod` pmbx

xmc byycvx oy xmc Gcpoym yxvbd`lcmklh kd bibhceob, xmc echob bdh odxcvdbxokdbl qkloxoiy$

Bdkxmcv ekxozc fcmodh jbv%vo`mx cjjkvxy xk hcd xmc Mklkibsyx oy xmc vcmbfoloxbxokd kj xmcvcqsxbxokd kj Dbwoye bdh oxy lcbhcvy$ B xmovh `kbl oy xk sdhcveodc xmc lcòxoebi kj xmc yxbxckj Oyvbcl$ Odhcch, vczoyokdoyxy mbzc kjxcd vcjcvvch xk xmc Mklkibsyx by Wokdoyx qvkqb`bdhb$

Mkp xk vcyqkdh xk ysim ksxvb`cksy locy; Jovyx, vcoxcvbxc xmc xvsxm$ Vcqcbx xmc jbixy %% xmcbvc ilcbv, mohcksy bdh qlcdxojsl %% by kjxcd by dcicyybv$ Chsibxokd oy ivsiobl$ Xmc jkllkpod`dkxcpkvxm hczclkqecdx bx b ebgkv ibeqsy oy odyxvsixozc7

Pmcd xmc ibeqsy dcpyqbqcv bx Hsnc Sdozcvyox qsfloymch b lbv`c bhzcvxoycecdx fMklkibsyx hcdocvy, xmc sdozcvyox'y Moyxkv Hcqbvxecdx qsfloymch b sdbdoeksy vcfsxxbl,

ivoxoiowod` xmc qbqcv jkv xvcbxod` ysim `bvfb`c by lcòxoebxc bdblyoy$&By moyxkvobdy,& xmc pvkxc, &pc hcqlkvc xmoy cjjkvx xk syc xmc lbd`sb`c kj yimklbvymoq xk

hoyxkvx bdh kfloxcvbxc bd czcdx pmoim xk ksv czcvlbyxod` ymbec hoh kiisv$ Pc sv`c bll ecefcvykj xmc -ibeqsy/ ikeesdox xk xvcbx ysim bhzcvxoycecdxy poxm xmc ikdxceqx xmc hcycvzc$&

Od bhhoxokd, pc esyx hcebdh xmc ybec ycdyc kj ekvbl iksvb`c bdh qvodioqlc jvke kxmcvodxcllcixsbl bdh qkloxoibl lcbhcvy od xmc jbic kj xmoy mbxc ekzcecdx ebyrscvbhod` byyimklbvymoq$ Kxmcvpoyc ox poll ikdxodsc xk `vkp lonc bd sdxvcbxch ibdicv$

Ilcbvl, xkhb'y c}xvceoyxy bvc ekvc ysfxlc, hcicqxozc bdh xcimdklkòibll ykqmoyxoibxch$Xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp qsfloymcy b gksvdbl bdh mklhy ikdzcdxokdy xk eoeoi xmcjkvebloxocy kj lcòxoebxc lcbvdod`$ Vcyksvicjsl vbioyxy, bdxo%Yceoxcy bdh }cdkqmkfoi mbxcvybvksdh xmc pkvlh bvc syod` ybdoxowch bdh ikeqsxcvowch ibeqbo`dy xk c}qlkox ikdxvkzcvyoblykiobl oyyscy, xk `bod biicyy xk dbxokdbl hcfbxcy, bdh xk odjlscdic bd bll%xkk%kjxcd sdodjkvechqsfloi$

Od vcyqkdyc xk xmoy qvkqb`bdhb, ecbysvcy xk qvcycvzc xmc ecekv kj Bhklj Moxlcv'y zoixoeymbzc xbncd kd b dcp oeqkvxbdic$ Xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc'y pkvn od xmoy vc`bvh odilshcyxmc bixozoxocy kj xmc Fvbsd Icdxcv jkv Mklkibsyx Yxshocy, xmc Gcpoym Jksdhbxokd jkv ImvoyxobdVcyiscvy bdh xmc Mohhcd Imolh Jksdhbxokd, ksv cbvl Mklkibsyx yeqkyose jkv mo`m yimkklyxshcdxy bdh xcbimcvy mclh od ikdgsdixokd poxm xmc Kvc`kd Mklkibsyx Vcyksvic Icdxcv bxQkvxlbdh Yxbxc Sdozcvyox, by pcll by isvvoislse ebxcvobly sych od msdhvchy kj yimkkl yyxcey$

Fsx b lbv`cl sdodjkvech dcp `cdcvbxokd qvcycdxy Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy poxm bdkqqkvxsdox xk c}qlkox$ Bd odivcbyod` hoyxbdic ycqbvbxcy xmoy `cdcvbxokd jvke xmc czcdxy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ By xmc ysvzozkvy qbyy jvke xmc yicdc, bdh by mkllkp ikeqbvoykdy qvklojcvbxc,xmc hbd`cv qkych f o`dkvbdic bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx `vkpy$

Pc ndkp xmbx bd bpbvcdcyy kj xmc qbyx oy ivsiobl xk sdhcvyxbdhod` oxy ikdycrscdicy od xmcqvcycdx, bdh bzkohod` oxy xvb`chocy od xmc jsxsvc$ Sdhcvyxbdhod` bdh ikeesdoibxod` xmcsdorscdcyy kj xmc hkixvodcy bdh ecxmkhy xmvks`m pmoim xmc Dbwoy oeqlcecdxch xmcovhcyxvsixozc b`cdhb bvc ivsiobl yxcqy xkpbvh cdysvod` xmbx ysim mkvvkv dczcv vcisvy$

Xmc xbyn kj xmc hcicdx ebgkvox oy xk ybjc%`sbvh moyxkvoibl ecekv, bdh xk chsibxc ksvdco`mfkvy bdh jsxsvc `cdcvbxokdy b`bodyx locy, mbxvch bdh xmc flbdhoymecdxy kj czol$ -Jvke Xmc

Kvc`kdobd, Qkvxlbdh, KV, ? Dkzcefcv 2??9/$-EBVZOD YXCVD OY QBIOJOI DKVXMPCYX VC@OKDBL HOVCIXKV JKV XMC BDXO%HCJBEBXOKD LCB@SC KJ F'DBO

F'VOXM OD YCBXXLC/$



Qb`c | =3

B Vczoyokdoyx'y Zocp kj xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycseod Pbymod`xkd, H$I$

f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm

Bjxcv xcd cbvy od xmc qlbddod`, (2:3 eollokd od yxbvx%sq ikyxy bdh b `kzcvdecdx `sbvbdxcckj xcdy kj eollokdy ekvc od xb} ysfyohocy, xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycsehcekdyxvbxcy pm, biikvhod` xk b Vkqcv Kv`bdowbxokd qkll, 66 qcvicdx -ykec 63 eollokdy"/ kj bll bhslx Becvoibdy mbzc hksfxy bfksx xmc kvxmkhk} Mklkibsyx yxkv$

Pmbx bvc xmc jbixy;

Xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse hoyqlby dk qvkkj bdpmcvc kj mkeoiohbl &`byyod`&imbefcvy bdh dk qvkkj xmbx czcd KDC ODHOZOHSBL pby &`byych& bx bd ibeq lofcvbxch fBlloch bveocy$

&Qvkkj& jkv b `by imbefcv bx Fovncdbs oy b qlbyxoi ekhcl ivcbxch f b Qkloym BVXOYXC$ B

qlbyxoi ikq kj b ecxbl hkkv oy hoyqlbch by &qvkkj& kj b mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv bx Ebohbdcn$Bdh, ODIVCHOFL_, xmc Esycse mby yoeql &hvkqqch& xmc Bsyimpoxw `by imbefcv, xmcfbycecdx vkke zoyoxch cbvl f msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy od Qklbdh$

Xmcvc oy dk ecdxokd kj xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Fsimcdpblh kv czcd bx Hbimbs, pmcvcbjxcv Pkvlh Pbv Xpk Becvoibd @$O$y bdh @cvebd iozolobdy pcvc byysvch xmbx ekvc xmbd611,111 zoixoey pcvc &`byych bdh fsvdch$&

Msebd ykbq; Msebd ynod lbeq ymbhcy; Dkx b yo`d kj xmce od xmoy Esycse$ Xmcycekdyxvksy locy bvc dkp bll `kdc %% yxvbo`mx hkpd xmc ecekv mklc"

Xmc dkxokd xmbx ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd òzcd sdhcv mo`ml qkloxoiowch bdh cekxokdbl

ioviseyxbdicy, pmoim xmoy esycse vclocy yk mcbzol kd, oy, QVOEB JBIOC, xvsc, pby vcjsxchf xmc Oyvbclo Ysqvcec Iksvx pmcd ox birsoxxch Gkmd Hcegbdgsn kj fcod` &Ozbd xmc Xcvvoflc$&Xmc Oyvbclo Iksvx jksdh xmbx xmc ccpoxdcyycy pmk xcyxojoch b`bodyx Hcegbdgsn ikslh dkx fcfcloczch"

Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhx bv`scy od mcv esim%qvboych Hcdod` xmc Mklkibsyx, xmbx vczoyokdoyxy^&hcdocvy&U ymkslh dkx fc hcfbxch fcibsyc xmcvc &ibd dkx fc& bdkxmcv yohc xk xmc Mklkibsyxyxkv$ Ymc imbv`cy xmbx ox oy &mbxcjsl& xk loyxcd xk b hcjcdyc kj xmkyc biisych kj ebyy esvhcv"Od cyycdic, ymc bv`scy xmbx pc fsv Becvoib'y klh iozol zovxscy kj jvcc odrsov bdh kqcd hcfbxc%% fsx xk pmbx cdh;

Xmc Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhxy %% bdh xmcvc oy b ilorsc kj xmce kd czcv ibeqsy %% pkvn xk

ysqqvcyy vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh hcebdh xmbx yxshcdxy bdh jbislx bqc xmcov jbyioyx fcmbzokv$Oj ks vcjsyc xk biicqx xmc Loqyxbhx ilorsc by ksv odxcllcixsbl JSMVCVY, ks voyn fcod`ylbdhcvch by bd &bdxo%yceoxc$& Xmcyc rsbyo vcloòksy Mklkibsyx wcblkxy ilboe xmbx fcibsyc kj xmc &qsvox& kj xmcov kpd jcclod`y bfksx xmc Gcpoym c}qcvocdic hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, ksvybvc ykolch oj ks hksfx pmbx xmc qvcbim by &xvsxm$&

Podyxkd Imsvimoll, od moy ebyyozc yo}%zklsec moyxkv kj Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh Hpo`mx H$Coycdmkpcv od moy ecekovy, fkxm keoxxch bll vcjcvcdic xk &`by imbefcvy& bdh xmcov syc od bdbllc`ch &`cdkiohc& kj xmc Gcpy$ Mkp hk xmc Esycse bdh xmc Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhxy c}qlbod xmbx;

Xk ebd ox poll bqqcbv oeqkyyoflc xmbx hcicqxokd kd ysim b `vbdh yiblc ibd bixsbll fcxbnod` qlbic$ _cx ysim hcicqxokd oy dkx sdsysbl od xmc vcbley kj qkloxoiy, ohcklk` kv vcloòkd$

Pc bvc fcod` hcicozch jkv kdc vcbykd, bdh kdc vcbykd kdl %% pc mbzc vcjsych xk loyxcd xk xmckxmcv yohc kj xmc yxkv$



Qb`c | =:

Xmc Kqcvbxokd bdh Xcimdorsc kj xmc Esycse

Xmc Esycse'y c}mofox xcimdorsc oy b eo}xsvc kj yodoyxcv ys``cyxokd bdh hoymkdcyx keoyyokd$Xmc jovyx hoyqlb ikdjvkdxod` zoyoxkvy fcòddod` xmc Esycse xksv oy b pbll%yowch qmkxk`vbqmkj Becvoibd yklhocvy lkknod` bx ikvqycy yeklhcvod` kd b qvc$ Xmc &ikdxc}x& od pmoim ks yccxmc qmkxk ys``cyxy xmbx xmc hcbh bvc &c}xcveodbxch& Gcpy$

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Sdbflc xk gsh`c xmc yo`dojoibdic kj xmc qmkxk`vbqm, bdh dkx pbdxod` xk fcloczc xmcEsycse pkslh eoylcbh ks, ks bvc ekzch xk biicqx xmc jblyc bdh ebdoqslbxozc ys``cyxokdxmbx ox vcqvcycdxy xmc &`cdkiohc& kj xmc Gcpy$

XMC LBYX FBVVOCV

Bibhceoi fsvcbsivbxy, ibvccv%hvozcd qvkjcyykvy bdh bd kqslcdx Mklkibsyx Lkff kj yclj%hcyivofch odxcllcixsbl &òbdxy& bvc xmkyc pmk jkve xmc lbyx fbvvocv b`bodyx b jvcc c}imbd`c kj ohcby$ Ox oy imolhoym bdh hoymkdcyx xk odyodsbxc xmbx kqcd hcfbxc oy &hbd`cvksy& xk xmc Gcpoymikeesdox$ Hkd'x fcloczc ox" Kqcd hcfbxc FCDCJOXY Gcpy bdh @cdxolcy blonc %% jkv qvcioyclxmc ybec vcbykdy"

Ikdxbix IKHKM xk odrsovc bfksx yqcbncvy kv xk zocp ksv kdc%mksv zohck kd xmc yibdhbl kj xmc Bsyimpoxw &`by imbefcv$& Hcekdyxvbxc xk xmc jsmvcvy kj ikdjkveox kd ksv ibeqsy xmbxks pbdx odxcllcixsbl lofcvx, dkx &lcbhcvy$&

Xmoy bh ^pmcd qsfloymch od dcpyqbqcvyU mby fccd qsfloymch bdh qboh jkv f IKHKMIkeeoxxcc jkv Kqcd Hcfbxc kd xmc Mklkibsyx

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Qb`c | =0

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Qb`c | ==

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Qb`c | =?

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Qb`c | ?1

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Dbwo,& bdh xmc czcd ys``cyx xmbx mc oy b qkxcdxobl ebyy esvhcvcv$ Xmc qsfloil biisyc xmc



Qb`c | ?2

Vczoyokdoyx kj lod`, fsx xmc hkd'x bllkp xmc mcvcxoi xk mcbv xmc yqciojoi imbv`c b`bodyx moe kvxk jbic moy biisycvy yk xmbx mc ibd bdypcv xmoy ylbdhcv$

Xmc Mklkibsyxcvy biisyc Vczoyokdoyxy kj fcod` mbxc jollch qckqlc pmk bvc qvkekxod` bhkixvodc kj mbxvch$ Fsx Vczoyokdoye oy b yimklbvl qvkicyy, dkx b hkixvodc kv ohcklk`$ Oj xmcMklkibsyx qvkekxcvy vcbll pbdx xk c}qkyc mbxvch, xmc ymkslh xbnc b ycikdh lkkn bx xmcov kpd

hkixvodcy, bdh b lkd` lkkn bx xmceyclzcy od xmc eovvkv$

Bdkdc kd ibeqsy pmk odzoxcy b Vczoyokdoyx xk yqcbn oy moeyclj bxxbinch by fcodòdycdyoxozc$ Pmcd b Vczoyokdoyx hkcy yqcbn kd ibeqsy mc oy kjxcdxoecy ymksxch hkpd bdhxmvcbxcdch$ Ibeqsy lofvbvocy bdh fkknyxkvcy jbic odxoeohbxokd pmcd xmc ikdyohcv mbdhlod`Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyx ebxcvobly$ Bll xmoy `kcy kd pmolc xmc ebgkvox kj jbislx bdh sdozcvyoxbheodoyxvbxkvy yox hsefl f, bllkpod` qkloxoibl bixozoyxy xk hcxcveodc pmbx ibd fc yboh bdhpmbx ibd fc vcbh kd xmcov ibeqsy$

Dc}x, xmc Xmks`mx Qkloic ycx ksx xk hcyxvk xmc xvbdy`vcyykv qvkjcyyokdbll bdh jodbdiobllf &`cxxod`& moe bx moy gkf kv ikdikixod` b lbpysox b`bodyx moe$ Xmc iksvxy bvc ykecxoecysych xk bxxbin Vczoyokdoye$ Xmc Mklkibsyxcvy kjxcd hcicqxozcl ilboe xmbx Vczoyokdoyxyimklbvymoq mby fccd qvkzcd jblyc hsvod` b xvobl$ Xmc jbix oy xmbx Vczoyokdoyx bv`secdxy mbzcdczcv fccd czblsbxch kv gsh`ch f xmc iksvxy$

Jodbll, xmc Xmks`mx Qkloic xv xk &yxvbo`mxcd ksx& xmbx ycècdx kj bibhceob kv xmc echobxmbx bllkpch xmc Vczoyokdoyxy b jkvse od xmc jovyx qlbic$

Ox ibd fc bd odyxvsixozc odxcllcixsbl c}cvioyc xk ohcdxoj xbfkk ysfgcixy, kxmcv xmbd MklkibsyxVczoyokdoye, pmoim pkslh czknc ikeqbvbflc vcyqkdycy jvke Xmks`mx Qkloic kd ksvibeqsycy$

Vcicdxl, ykec bheodoyxvbxkvy od bibhceob mbzc mclh xmbx sdozcvyox bheodoyxvbxokdyymkslh xbnc bixokdy xk voh xmc ibeqsy kj ohcby pmoim bvc hoyvsqxozc xk xmc sdozcvyox$ Xmoy oy b

zcv hbd`cvksy qkyoxokd jkv bheodoyxvbxkvy xk xbnc$ Ox oy bd kqcd odzoxbxokd xk xvbdd$ Ox ecbdyxmbx bd eoloxbdx `vksq poxm &xvkkqy bx xmc vcbh& ibd voh xmc ibeqsy kj ohcby ox kqqkycy bdhxmcd oeqkyc oxy kpd kvxmkhk}$ Xmc ikpbvhl bheodoyxvbxkv jodhy ox esim cbyocv bdh ybjcv xkvoh xmc ibeqsy kj ikdxvkzcvyobl ohcby xmbd xk jbic hkpd b `vksq kj yivcbeod` bdh ydbvlodèoloxbdxy$ Fsx ox oy xmc hsx kj sdozcvyox bheodoyxvbxkvy xk odysvc xmbx xmc sdozcvyox vcebody bjvcc ebvncxqlbic kj ohcby$ Pmcd ohcby ibsyc hoyvsqxokdy, ox oy xmc hoyvsqxcvy pmk esyx fcysfhsch, dkx xmc ohcby$

IKDILSYOKD

Xmc odjlscdic kj Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye oy `vkpod` yxcbhol fkxm mcvc bdh bfvkbh$ Od xmcSdoxch Yxbxcy, Vczoyokdoye pby lbsdimch od cbvdcyx od 2?00 poxm xmc qsfloibxokd kj xmc fkkn

Xmc Mkb} kj xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv f Bvxmsv V$ Fsxw$ Qvkjcyykv Fsxw xcbimcy clcixvoiblcdòdccvod` bdh ikeqsxcv yiocdicy bx Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox od Czbdyxkd, Ollodkoy$

Xmkyc pmk xbnc sq xmc Vczoyokdoyx ibsyc vcqvcycdx b pohc yqcixvse kj qkloxoibl bdhqmolkykqmoibl qkyoxokdy$ Xmc bvc icvxbodl dkx xmc yiksdhvcly, lobvy bdh hcekdy xmc MklkibsyxLkff xvocy xk ebnc xmce ksx xk fc$ Xmc jbix oy, xmcvc bvc dk hcekdy od xmc vcbl pkvlh$ Qckqlcbvc bx xmcov pkvyx pmcd xmc fcòd xk ycc xmcov kqqkdcdxy by bd cefkhoecdx kj czol, bdh xmcdfcòd xk hcekdowc xmce$ Ysim qckqlc bvc qvcqbvod` xk hk ykecxmod` yoeql bpjsl xk xmcovkqqkdcdxy$ Xmcov lkòi oy xmbx ks ibd hk bdxmod` ks pbdx xk b hcekd$

Xmbx lkòi poll dkx ysiicch$



Qb`c | ?6

Jkv xmkyc poymod` xk zcvoj xmc xvsxmjsldcyy kj yxbxcecdxy ebhc od xmoy qbqcv, ks eb pbdxxk ikdxbix c}qcvxy pmk bvc qvkeodcdx bsxmkvoxocy kd xmcyc ebxxcvy$ Ox'y oeqkvxbdx xk byn yqciojoi, ikdivcxc rscyxokdy kd ebxxcvy kj jbix bdh vcicozc hovcix bdh sdbefo`sksy bdypcvy$Kv`bdowbxokdy ysim by xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Icdxcv, Mollcl bdh xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`scbvc dkx yimklbvl odyxoxsxokdy, fsx bvc qvoebvol qkloxoibl bdh qvkqb`bdhb kv`bdowbxokdy$

Bsyimpoxw Hovcixkv Ikecy Ilcbd Bfksx Jvbshslcdx &@by Imbefcv&

Bd c}ilsyozc zohckxbqc odxcvzocp Hcfsdny b ebgkv qbvx kj xmc &Mklkibsyx& yxkv, bdhvczcbly xmc hcicqxokd xmbx oy YXOLL @KOD@ KD$ $ $ "

Xmoy oy b zohck xmbx poll ebnc ks byn %% &Gsyx mkp esim kj xmc 'Mklkibsyx' yxkv ibd pcfcloczc;& %% by ks lcbvd kj jblyojoch &qvkkjy& bdh hcicqxozc ilboey bfksx &`by imbefcvy,& dkxjvke xmc eksxmy kj Mklkibsyx &vczoyokdoyxy& fsx od xmc pkvhy kj kdc kj xmc ekyxndkplch`cbflc bdh bvhcdx ysqqkvxcvy kj xmc kvxmkhk} &Mklkibsyx& yxkv$ Xmoy oy b zohck xmbx

bjjovey pmbx vczoyokdoyxy mbzc ebodxbodch jkv cbvy7 xmbx xmc Ykzocxy bdh Qklcy ebhc bqvbixoic kj &ivcbxod`& qvkkjy kj &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy& BJXCV Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh xmbxxmc msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy pmk gksvdc xk Bsyimpoxw cbim cbv xk ycc jkvxmceyclzcy qvkkj kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& bvc fcod` hcicozch$

Od xmoy sdqvcichcdxch odxcvzocp òzcd xk Gcpoym vczoyokdoyx Hbzoh Iklc, -pmk mby hcfbxchxmc &Mklkibsyx& dbxokdbll kd xmc Ekdxcl Pollobey Ymkp bdh mby fccd qvkjolch f IFY' 8=Mksvy/, Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, Ycdokv Isvbxkv bdh Hovcixkv kj Bvimozcy bx xmc Bsyimpoxw YxbxcEsycse yxbxcy kd ibecvb xmbx xmc bllc`ch &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv& bx xmc Bsyimpoxw ebodibeq ymkpd kjj xk xksvoyxy jvke bll kzcv xmc pkvlh by fcod` od oxy &kvoòdbl yxbxc& oy, od jbix, bVCIKDYXVSIXOKD, vchcyo`dch BJXCV XMC PBV xk lkkn lonc b `by imbefcv$

Hv$ Qoqcv vczcbly xk Hbzoh Iklc, kd ibecvb, mkp pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd bdh mklcy poxm&Wnlkd F odhsixokd imoedcy& odyxbllch od xmc vkkj yk xmbx xmc fsolhod` ikslh fc c}mofoxch byb &qvkkj& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Bdh mc hkcyd'x yxkq xmcvc$ Jkv b ykloh mksv Hv$ Qoqcv xblnybfksx kxmcv &qvkkjy& bx Bsyimpoxw jkv xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& pmoim bvc BLYK &vcikdyxvsixokdy,&bdh hoyisyycy hcxboly kj xmc ibeq xmbx kdl b ebd ysim by mc, pmk mby pkvnch bx Bsyimpoxwjkv b rsbvxcv icdxsv, pkslh ndkp$ Xmcd, od yxsddod` jkkxb`c, ks'll ycc Hbzoh Iklc, pmolc kdxmc kjjoiobl xksv kj Bsyimpoxw, fcod` xklh f moy `sohc xmbx xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod%ibeq &`byimbefcv& oy od oxy KVO@ODBL YXBXC, xmc ybec %% bdh xmcvc'y dk kxmcv pkvh jkv ox %% loc xklhxk bll xksvoyxy$ Xmc sdikejkvxbflc ikdilsyokd ibddkx fc bzkohch7 xmc qckqlc pmk vsdBsyimpoxw xcll qckqlc xmod`y xmbx XMC_ XMCEYCLZCY NDKP BVC DKX XVSC"

Poll ks fc bflc xk bv`sc poxm xmc pkvhy kj b vcyqcixch &Mklkibsyx& yimklbv pmcd mc yxbxcyjkv xmc vcikvh xmbx kdc kj xmc ebod &qvkkjy& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& oy DK QVKKJ BX BLL;

-Zohck bzbolbflc jvke7 &IKHKM,& QKF 96:0 Zoyblob IB ?960=, kv xmc Odyxoxsxc jkvMoyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$ Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?/$



Qb`c | ?9

&Pc'vc Lksh, Pc'vc Qvksh, * Fcyx kj Bll, Pc'vc Vo`mx"&

B GCPOYM VCZOYOKDOYX'Y ZOYOX XK BSYIMPOXW

f -Gcp/ Hbzoh Iklc -Qvcycdxch bx xmc Clczcdxm OMV Ikdjcvcdic, Kixkfcv 2??6/

Pmcd O hciohch lbyx Ycqxcefcv xk xbnc b pcll%hcycvzch zbibxokd, O xmks`mx, pmbx fcxxcvhcyxodbxokd xmbd Csvkqc$ Bjxcv bll, by b Vczoyokdoyx, O'h blpby jclx ox e hsx xk ycc xmcikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od qcvykd$ E òvl%jvocdh, xmks`m, yboh xmbx ymc'h lonc xk `k xk Csvkqc xkzoyox Csvk%Hoydc, xmc dcp Hoydclbdh xmcec qbvn od Jvbdic$ Yk O xmks`mx jkv b pmolc bfksxpmcvc xk `k7 Bsyimpoxw kv Csvk%Hoydc$ Bdh by O lkknch bvksdh, bdh ybp xmc eoycvbflc yxbxckj xmc pkvlh bdh xmoy iksdxv, xmc qkloxoibl bdh ykiobl eblboyc bdh hcqvcyyokd, O vcblowch xmbx oj O hoh xbnc b zbibxokd, O pbdxch xk `k xk b qlbic by jbv bpb jvke vcblox by qkyyoflc7 b jbdxby

lbdh kj pkdhvksy jbov xblcy$ Yk, kj iksvyc, O imkyc Bsyimpoxw$

Dkp xmbx O'zc `kdc xmvks`m xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq, Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs, Ebghbdcn,Ebsxmbsycd, bdh Hbimbs, O jccl czcd ekvc ycisvc od e qkyoxokd by b Vczoyokdoyx xmbx xmcvcc}oyxy dk ikdzodiod` czohcdic xmbx Gcpy kv bdkdc clyc pcvc xbncd CD EBYYC odxk `byimbefcvy bdh nollch f xmc Dbwoy bx xmcyc ibeqy$ Od jbix, xmc vcebody xmbx O odyqcixch bx xmcibeq yoxcy ycce, od ebd hojjcvcdx pby, xk hovcixl ikdxvbhoix xmcyc ilboey$

O vcxsvdch xk xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy poxm ekvc xmbd 63 mksvy kj zohck jkkxb`c jvke xmc ibeqy$Bx Ebghbdcn O sdikzcvch kfzoksy xbeqcvod` poxm xmc fsolhod`y c}mofoxch by `by imbefcvy$Xmoy czohcdic pby hoyikzcvch pmcd e bxxvbixozc ibecvbpkebd fsyxch b lkin bdh `kx sy odxkb vkke xmbx oy dkx kqcd xk xksvoyxy$ Xmcvc pc pcvc bflc xk zocp yczcvbl oxcey od xmcov kvoòdbl

yxbxc, ekyx dkxbfl xmc hkkvy, pmoim pcvc ilcbvl ikdyxvsixch xk lbxim jvke fkxm xmc ksxyohcBDH xmc odyohc$

-HBZOH IKLC ôy b Gcp pmkU pby vboych bdh chsibxch od Lky Bd`clcy, pmcvc mc lozcybdh pkvny$ Fcibsyc kj moy ysqqkvx jkv Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye, mc pby byybslxch hsvod` beccxod` bx xmc Sdozcvyox kj Iblojkvdob bx Lky Bd`clcy kd Gbdsbv 66, 2??6, f xms`y kj xmcGcpoym Hcjcdyc Lcb`sc, pmk mox moe od xmc jbic bdh flkkhoch moy dkyc$ GHL lcbhcv Ovz Vsfodblyk xvoch xk qsym Iklc hkpd b jlo`mx kj yxbovy$ Od Bqvol 2??6 mc bqqcbvch %% blkd` poxm Gksvdbl choxkv Ebvn Pcfcv %% by b `scyx kd xmc Ekdxcl Pollobey Ymkp, b dbxokdbll ydhoibxchxclczoyokd qvk`vbe, xk qvcycdx xmc Vczoyokdoyx zocp kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv/$

Xmc mo`m qkodx kj e zoyox, xmks`m, pby e odxcvzocp poxm Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, YcdokvIsvbxkv kj xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx'y Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse$ Mc mby pkvnch xmcvc jkv ekvcxmbd 6: cbvy$ Kd xbqc, mc bheoxy xmbx xmc yk%ibllch `by imbefcv od Ivcebxkv Fsolhod`-Nvceb/ O, pmoim oy ymkpd xk mblj b eollokd zoyoxkvy b cbv by b `cdsodc mkeoiohbl `byimbefcv, oy od jbix b vcikdyxvsixokd %% czcd hkpd xk xmc mklcy isx odxk xmc icolod`$ Qoqcv blykbheoxy xmbx pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd bdh fbxmvkke jbioloxocy vcekzch$ Mc pcdx kd xk xcll syxmbx xmc vcebody kj xmc &pmoxc ikxxb`c,& ysqqkych yoxc kj xmc jovyx qvcloeodbv `byyod`y bxFovncdbs, bvc blyk vcikdyxvsixch$ Xmoy pby mbvhl dcpy xk ec$ Czcd b rsoin c}beodbxokd kj xmc vcebody kj xmc &pmoxc ikxxb`c& ymkpy xmbx xmc fvoiny bvc dkx ikddcixch od bd pb, fsx bvcyoeql lboh kd xkq kj cbim kxmcv lonc imolhvcd'y fsolhod` flkiny$

Qoqcv mby dk qvkflcey poxm xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx$ Mc xklh ec xmbx mc b`vccy poxm Lcsimxcv'y

jodhod`y vc`bvhod` xvbicy kj jcvvk%jcvvoi%ibdohc od xmc pblly kj Ivcebxkv Fsolhod`y -Nvceby/O, OO bdh OOO$ Yk pmbx oy moy c}qlbdbxokd jkv xmoy lbin kj xvbicy od xmc ysqqkych mkeoiohbl `by



Qb`c | ?8

imbefcvy pmcd, f ikdxvbyx, xmcvc bvc yo`dojoibdx xvbicy od xmc dkd%mkeoiohbl hclksyodìmbefcvy; Mc xklh ec xmbx xmc beksdx kj mhvk`cd ibdohc -jvke Wnlkd/ ysqqkychl sychf @cvebdy xk noll qckqlc %% sdlonc xmc beksdx dcchch xk noll loic od hclksyod` imbefcvy %%pby dkx cdks`m xk lcbzc flsc -jcvvk%jcvvoi%ibdohc/ yxbodod`, kv bqqvciobflc xvbicy$

Xmoy bv`secdx mby qvkflcey, xmks`m$ Jkv kdc xmod`, xmc ysqqkych mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy

bx Ebghbdcn -pmoim od vcblox pcvc dkd%mkeoiohbl hclksyod` imbefcvy/ mbzc bfsdhbdx flscyxbodod`$ Yk biikvhod` xk Qoqcv'y &Mklkibsyx lkòi,& `byyod` qckqlc od Bsyimpoxw hoh dkx lcbzcflsc yxbody, fsx `byyod` qckqlc bx Ebghbdcn hoh$ Xbln bfksx b Ebòi Nod`hke" By pc yqknc, Omblj c}qcixch xk ycc Qoqcv'y dkyc `vkp by lkd` by Qodkiimok'y"

Xmc oeqkvxbdic kj Qoqcv'y vczclbxokdy oy kfzoksy$ Xmc fsvhcd kj qvkkj mby dkp ymojxchhcioyozcl xk xmc C}xcveodbxokdoyx yohc$ Jkv c}beqlc, Qoqcv'y bheoyyokd xmbx xmc jksv mklcy odxmc icolod` kj Ivcebxkv Fsolhod` -Nvceb/ O pcvc qsx od bjxcv xmc pbv ebncy lshoivksy xmc kjx%vcqcbxch ilboe kj Bsyimpoxw xksvoyxy xmbx &Dkp O'zc yccd xmc `by imbefcvy poxm e kpd xpkccy$& Dkp xmbx xmc kjxcd%ebhc ilboey bfksx Nvceb O od oxy qvcycdx yxbxc bvc dk lkd`cv zbloh,ibd xmc C}xcveodbxokdoyxy qvkhsic BD_ czohcdic %% b qmkxk`vbqm, hkisecdx, qlbd kv kvhcv %%

ymkpod` xmbx xmc ysqqkych `by imbefcv xmcvc pby CZCV sych xk noll qckqlc by bllc`ch; Ekyxloncl dkx, fsx pmbx clyc oy dcp; Pc'zc dczcv fccd bynch xk biicqx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv kdbdxmod` fsx jboxm, bdh jkv ec, xmbx'y dkx `kkh cdks`m$

Kd xmc oyysc kj xmc Mklkibsyx %% bdh qcvmbqy sdorscl kd xmoy oyysc %% pc bvc xklh7 &Ilkycxmc fkkny, xmcvc poll fc dk ekvc lcbvdod`, dk ekvc hoyisyyokd, dk ekvc rscyxokdy$ Dkx kdlpoll dk rscyxokdy fc xklcvbxch, fsx bdkdc pmk hbvcy xk byn ysim rscyxokdy poll fc ylbdhcvchbdh zoioksyl bxxbinch$&

Dkp, by ykeckdc pmk fcloczcy xmbx qbvx kj fcod` msebd oy xk lcbvd ykecxmod` dcp czcvhb, O vcyqkdh7 &Mkp hbvc ks xcll ec xmcvc poll fc dk ekvc lcbvdod`;& Xmc cyxbfloymecdx xmbxebodxbody xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv kd lojc ysqqkvx bheoxy xmbx xmcvc oy dk hovcix qvkkj kj mkeoiohbl

`byyod`y$ Dk kvhcv, dk hkisecdx, dk qoixsvcy, kdl &ccpoxdcyycy$&

Bdh pmbx kj xmcyc ccpoxdcyycy; Xmc Mklkibsyx lkff odyoyxy xmbx xmoy oy ikdzodiod`czohcdic$ Fsx pmbx nodh kj czohcdic oy xmoy; Od ykec Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy, b qcvykd pmk hcdocyxmc `by imbefcvy ibd fc gbolch, jodch, kv qmyoibll bxxbinch$ Mc eo`mx lkyc moy gkf, moy yxbdhodòd xmc ikeesdox, ebfc czcd moy lojc$ Ykecxmod` yoeolbv mby mbqqcdch od Ibdbhb$ Od xmcSdoxch Yxbxcy, mc eo`mx fc bxxbinch bdh zolojoch$ Bdh oj mc yby xmbx mc ikecy f moy ndkplch`cjvke jovyx%mbdh c}qcvocdic %% od kxmcv pkvhy jvke mclqod` xk vsd xmc ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy%% xmcd mc eo`mx cbyol jodh moeyclj hcqkvxch xk Oyvbcl kv cbyxcvd Csvkqc, pmcvc mc eo`mx fcycdxcdich xk hcbxm kv bx lcbyx yxvoqqch kj moy SY ioxowcdymoq bdh hcdoch hsc qvkicyy$

Od kxmcv pkvhy, pc kdl mcbv kj ccpoxdcyycy jvke kdc yohc fcibsyc poxdcyycy jvke xmc

kxmcv yohc mbzc fccd yxvkd`%bvech odxk yolcdic$ Xmoy oy `kzcvdecdxbl ikcviokd kj xmc pkvyxnodh, bdh kd b pkvlhpohc yiblc dk lcyy$ Kdc nodh kj ccpoxdcyy oy cdiksvb`ch, xmc kxmcv nodhoj pbvdch xmbx moy pkvhy eo`mx lcbh xk hcqkvxbxokd, oeqvoykdecdx, lkyy kj lozclomkkh, qvkqcvx,bdh czcd lojc$ Ykec `vcbx zoixkv jkv xmc Mklkibsyx lkff7 Xmc `bec mby fccd jo}ch"

Lcx qckqlc yqcbn" Oj jkv dk kdc clyc, O hcebdh xmoy jkv e kpd ybnc$ O pbdx xk ndkp pmbxmbqqcdch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh cx mkp ibd O oj xmkyc pmk eo`mx mbzc jovyxmbdhndkplch`c bvc xklh7 &Yqcbn kdl xmc kjjoiobl lodc, kv ysjjcv xmc ikdycrscdicy$& O odyoyx kd emsebd vo`mx xk lcbvd$

Xmcvc bvc xmkyc pmk yb, &Knb, yk ebfc xmc Mklkibsyx oy b fox c}b``cvbxch, fsx hk pcvcbll pbdx xk hcyxbfolowc ykiocx f kqcdl xblnod` bfksx bll xmoy, qkyyofl cdiksvbòd`

mkyxolox b`bodyx Gcpy;& Xmoy vboycy bd oeqkvxbdx qmolkykqmoibl rscyxokd7 Hk ks fcloczcebdnodh xk fc yk odmcvcdxl ivscl bdh yxsqoh xmbx qckqlc esyx fc loch xk od kvhcv xk ebnc xmce



Qb`c | ?3

fcmbzc; Oj yk, xmcd xmc locy ks xcll xmce bvc kdl b yebll fbdhb`c xk ikzcv sq b esim `vcbxcvczol7 Lbin kj ikdjohcdic od ebdnodh'y bfolox xk mbdhlc xmc xvsxm$ Bdh oj ks xvsl fcloczc xmbxqckqlc ibddkx mbdhlc xmc xvsxm, fsx odyxcbh dcch b &Fo` Fvkxmcv& xk mbdhlc ox jkv xmce, xmcdysvcl hcekivbi oy xmc ekyx hbd`cvksy xmod` kd cbvxm$

Kj iksvyc, O sdhcvyxbdh xmbx qckqlc ibd fc ivscl bdh yxsqoh, fsx O blyk fcloczc od xmc msebd

bfolox xk lcbvd, bdh xk `vkp poxm cbim dcp qocic kj ndkplch`c$ Vbxmcv xmbd icdykvodjkvebxokd xmbx pc ysfgcixozcl qcvicozc xk fc &hbd`cvksy,& pc ymkslh xcbim ksv imolhvcd xkxmodn ivoxoibll, xk vcebod kqcd%eodhch, bdh xk lkkn jkv xvsxm vbxmcv xmbd ilod` xk cekxokdbllbqqcblod` jblycmkkhy$

Bdh xmbx oy gsyx bfksx bll pc ibd hk7 xcbim ksv imolhvcd bdh mkqc jkv xmc fcyx, vcblowod` xmbxqckqlc ibddkx fc qvk`vbeech lonc vkfkxy$ Co`mx cbvy kj jbolch Ikeesdoye ymkslh mbzcxbs`mx sy xmbx$ Xk syc xmc qkpcv kj xmc yxbxc xk jkvic ecd xk fc pmbx xmc yxbxc hcjodcy by&`kkh& ivcbxcy b pkvlh jbv ekvc mclloym xmbd xmc kdc xmbx oy ysqqkychl fcod` qvczcdxch$ Opkslh vbxmcv lozc od b pkvlh pmcvc qckqlc bvc jvcc xk fc ivscl bdh yxsqoh xmbd kdc od pmoim&`kkhdcyy& oy cdjkvich bx `sd qkodx$

Nccq od eodh blyk xmbx xvsxm, kfgcixozc xvsxm, hkcy dkx dcch xmvcbxy bdh odxoeohbxokd xkqvczbol$ Pc Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy bvc kjxcd loncdch xk xmkyc pmk yboh xmbx xmc cbvxm pby jlbx$Fsx gsyx xmc vczcvyc oy xvsc7 Ox oy xmc kxmcv yohc xmbx bixy lonc b Mkl Odrsoyoxokd,odyxoxsxokdblowod` kdc zocpqkodx bdh qsdoymod` mcvcxoiy$ Vcecefcv7 Pc kdl biicqxch xmbx xmccbvxm oy vksdh bjxcv xmc hcfbxc pby kqcdch$ Bdh yodic xmcd, xmc vksdh%cbvxm bhmcvcdxy mbzc dkxdcchch jblyc dcpy lbpy, mbxc ivoecy lbpy, bdh lofcl kv ylbdhcv lbpy xk qvkxcix xmc xvsxmjsldcyykj xmcov zocp$ Loncpoyc, bll pc byn oy xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv coxmcv yxbdh kv jbll biikvhod` xkxmc czohcdic %% kv lbin kj ox$

Pmolc pc Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy yox kd b pcblxm kj pkdhcvjsll mcvcxoibl odjkvebxokd, ibdpc `cx ox ksx xk xmc `cdcvbl qsfloi; Ibd pc &ebodyxvcbe& Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye fcjkvc ox'y

xkk lbxc, xmbx oy xk yb, fcjkvc bll xmkyc pmk mbzc jovyxmbdh odjkvebxokd kj pmbx vcbllmbqqcdch hoc kjj cdxovcl;

By b Gcp, ox pkslh fc pvkd` jkv ec dkx xk ecdxokd xmc oyysc kj Gcpoym odjlscdic$ Odjlscdicoy b zcv yxvbd`c xmod`$ Qckqlc yqcdh yk esim xoec bdh cdcv` xk birsovc ox, bdh xmcd bd crsblbeksdx kj xoec bdh cdcv` hcdod` xmc mbzc ox$ Gcpoym odjlscdic hkcy c}oyx$ Oj ox hohd'x, pmpkslh follokdy kj hkllbvy fc yqcdx bddsbll f Gcpoym lkffod` `vksqy; Xmbx ekdc oyd'x xkqb jkv hbdic lcyykdy jkv Ycdbxkvy bdh Ikd`vcyyecd, kj iksvyc, ox'y jkv odjlscdic$ Gcpy esyxikec xk xcvey poxm xmc jbix xmbx xmc bvc dkx kdl b qkpcvjsl bdh odjlscdxobl `vksq, fsx mbzcvcyqkdyofoloxocy xmbx ikec poxm xmbx %% qbvxoislbvl xmc vcyqkdyofolox dkx xk bfsyc qkpcv, kv,ekvc yqciojoibll, xk bzkoh bfsyod` qckqlc poxm xmbx qkpcv$

Ox oy b xcyxbecdx xk xmc yxvcd`xm kj Vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh yimklbvymoq, bdh xk Vczoyokdoyxxcdbiox, xmbx bll xmc Gcpoym odjlscdic od xmc pkvlh mby dkx cvbych xmoy ekzcecdx$ Hcyqoxc xmcfcyx cjjkvxy kj ksv ekyx ilczcv bdh hcxcveodch bhzcvybvocy, Vczoyokdoyx fkkny bvc yxoll vcbh,bdh xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp ikdxodscy xk jsdixokd$

Fsx mkp esim qvk`vcyy bvc pc vcbll ebnod` od `cxxod` ksv ecyyb`c xk xmc qsfloi;Sdjkvxsdbxcl, pc'zc fccd ebnod` kdl xod, qsyyibx yxcqy$ O be dkx b qbxocdx ebd$ Czcvhb, O jkkl eyclj odxk xmodnod` xmbx O ibd fc qbxocdx %% O ibd'x$ O hkd'x pbdx xk fc b `scvvollbjo`mxcv kj xmc qkloxoibl sdhcv`vksdh jkv xmc vcyx kj e lojc$ Xmc xoec mby ikec, odhcch mbydczcv fccd fcxxcv, xk xbnc Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvymoq xk xmc vcyx kj xmc pkvlh, bdh oj xmc qkpcvyxmbx fc xv xk yxkq sy, pc coxmcv `k bvksdh xmce kv, oj dcicyybv, pc `k vo`mx xmvks`m xmce$

XPK EKVC _CBVY" Xmbx'y e dcp ekxxk$ Od xpk cbvy' xoec, Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyeymkslh fc od xmc ebodyxvcbe, yrsbvcl od xmc qsfloi cc$



Qb`c | ?:

O be ysvc xmbx pc poll czcdxsbll ysiicch od `cxxod` ksx ksv ecyyb`c$ Odjkvebxokd ibd fcysqqvcyych jkv gsyx yk lkd`$ Fsx xmbx'y dkx cdks`m jkv ec$ Ox'y dkx cdks`m xmbx jcllkpVczoyokdoyxy vcik`dowc Qvkjcyykv Jbsvoyykd'y yimklbvymoq jkv xmc fvollobdx pkvn ox oy$ O pbdx ox xkfc POHCL_ vcik`dowch by ysim, bdh od moy lojcxoec"

Yk lcx'y ebnc b ikdicvxch cjjkvx$ Eodhjsl kj xmc vcicdx Gcpoym Dcp _cbv, O mcvcf ebnc b

Gcpoym Dcp _cbv'y vcyklsxokd7 Xpk ekvc cbvy" Dk ekvc yoxxod` od xmc fbin kj xmc ohcklkòiblfsy$ Pc'vc lksh, pc'vc qvksh, bdh fcyx kj bll, pc'vc vo`mx"

-Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$ Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?$ Vcqvodxch fqcveoyyokd jvke Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Zkl$ 29, Dsefcv 6 -Ebv$+Bqv$ 2??9/7 Q$K$Fk} 291:, Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313, SYB/$

Ymcncl ikod bdh dkxcy oyysch f 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' fbdn jsdhch xk kzcv E38 eollokd$

Pmoxcpbymod` Moxlcv Xbnod` xmc @by Ksx kj Dbwo Odjbe f Goe Vchhcd

Ykec moyxkvobdy yb Moxlcv mbh dk ebyxcv qlbd xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy od Pkvlh PbvOO $ $ $ Fsx pmbx bvc Dbwoy poxmksx xmc Mklkibsyx;

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Moxlcv'y Xmovh Vcoim$Qkloic hvcyych od vokx `cbv lodc xmc vkbh xmbx lcbhy xk xmc podhkplcyy fsolhod` pmcvc Ovzod`

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Ymbncd, xmc iksqlc bqqvkbimcy b qkloic kjjoicv yxbxokdch od xmc lkff$ &Xmc yboh xmcndkp pmcvc pc lozc,& xmc ebd yby od b rsbzcvod` zkoic$ Xmc ikq bdypcvy ikkll, &O'e ykvv,yov, fsx xmcvc'y dkxmod` pc ibd hk bfksx xmbx,& lcbzod` xmc iksqlc xk pkdhcv oj b lbxc%do`mx jovcfkefod` oy xmc qvoic xmc poll qb jkv bxxcdhod` b moyxkv lcixsvc$



Qb`c | ?0

Bx b`c 38, Hbzoh Ovzod` mby bsxmkvch ekvc xmbd b hkwcd fkkny kd Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Sdloncebd imvkdoilcvy kj xmc qbyx, Ovzod` hkcy dkx vcl kd xmc pvoxod`y kj kxmcv moyxkvobdy pmcdvcycbvimod` moy pkvny, fsx odyoyxy kd yccod` kvoòdbl hkisecdxy pmcdczcv qkyyoflc$ Biikvhod`xk xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy Fkkn Vczocp, &Ev$ Ovzod` oy bd odhcjbxo`bflc odxcvzocpcv, b qvkho` kj cdxcvqvoyc bdh odhsyxv, b vcycbvimcv pmk blekyx loxcvbll ^lcbzcyU dk yxkdc sdxsvdch bdh

^ysiicchyU od ho`òd` sq qbqcvy, lcxxcvy bdh hobvocy pmoim ^bvcU fcloczch xk fc lkyx kvdkdc}oyxcdx, kv pmoim cyibqch, jkv kxmcv vcbykdy, cbvlocv pvoxcvy$ Moy hk``ch qcvyoyxcdic qsxyebd qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobdy xk ymbec$&

Bjxcv ekvc xmbd xcd cbvy vcycbvimod` hcilbyyojoch pbv vcikvhy, Ovzod` hcilbvcy xmbx mc mbydczcv ikec bivkyy b hkisecdx qvkzod` xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc xkxbl cvbhoibxokd kj CsvkqcbdGcpy, dk pvoxxcd kv kxmcv ikvvcyqkdhcdic qvkzod` xmbx Moxlcv pby bpbvc kj ikdicdxvbxokd%ibeq `byyod`y, bdh dk czohcdic xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc hcbxm kj xmc Gcpy od bd kj xmc xkq%ycivcx Dbwo vbhok xvbdyeoyyokdy xmbx pcvc odxcvicqxch f xmc Bllocy hsvod` xmc pbv$

By b vcyslx kj xmoy vcycbvim, Ovzod` ikdilshch xmbx Moxlcv hoh dkx, od jbix, kvhcv xmc dkxkvoksyJodbl Yklsxokd$

Ovzod` iblly xmc Mklkibsyx b lc`cdh$ &Moyxkvobdy mbzc bll fccd fsy rskxod` cbim kxmcv$Xmc'zc fccd qseqod` mkx bov odxk xmoy fsfflc, bdh xmc fsfflc mby fccd `cxxod` fo``cv bdhfo``cv bdh ekvc bdh ekvc sdyxbflc$ Xmcyc qvkjcyykvy ndkp xmc xvsxm, fsx xmc'vc xcvvojoch xmbxykec ovvcyqkdyoflc ohokx oy `kod` xk ikec blkd` bdh qvoin xmbx fsfflc$ Bdh,& mc bhhy poxmikeoi xoeod`, &O be xmbx qvoin$&

Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdy bindkplch`c xmc lbin kj b hkisecdxch Jodbl Yklsxokd kvhcv jvkeMoxlcv, fcloczod` xmc Jscmvcv pby xkk ymvcph xk lcbzc fcmodh qblqbflc czohcdic kj moyczolhkod`$

&^Xmbx Moxlcv pkslh dkx yo`d b pvoxxcd kvhcvU oy mbvhl ysvqvoyod` ikdyohcvod` xmcekdyxvkyox kj xmc ivoecy fcod` ikeeoxxch,& dkxcy Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Blbd Fsllkin$

Od Eb 2?== Ovzod` qvkzohch c}qcvx xcyxoekd kd fcmblj kj Ibdbhobd Cvdyx Wsdhcl, pmkpby imbv`ch poxm zoklbxod` Ibdbhb'y &jblyc dcpy& lbpy f vcqvodxod` b 6=%qb`c fkknlcx xoxlch

Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc; Ovzod` qvkhsich b vcqkvx qvcqbvch f Jvch Lcsimxcv, bd Becvoibdbsxmkvox kd `by imbefcvy pmk qcvjkvech jkvcdyoi xcyxy kd xmc `by imbefcv bx Bsyimpoxw$Lcsimxcv'y vcqkvx jksdh dk odhoibxokd kj xvbicy kj qkoykdksy `by od xmc pblly kj xmc `byimbefcv bdh bllc`ch xmc imbefcv pby, ikdycrscdxl, b jbnc$

Ovzod` xcyxojoch xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk `vksdhy xk ysqqkvx xmc c}oyxcdic kj b Dbwo qlbd xkc}xcveodbxc Gcpy$ Sqkd vcxsvdod` xk Csvkqc, Ovzod` qsfloymch b yqciobl choxokd kj xmcLcsimxcv vcqkvx, pvoxod` bd odxvkhsixokd od pmoim mc fklhl hoyeoyych xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd

kj xmc Mklkibsyx by b &pcll%jodbdich bdh fvollobdxl ysiicyyjsl qkyxpbv qsfloiox ibeqbo`d$&Qsfloibxokd kj xmc Lcsimxcv vcqkvx od Csvkqc lch xk Ovzod`'y bvvcyx$ F bllcòd` xmbx xmc

Bsyimpoxw `by imbefcv pby fsolx BJXCV xmc pbv, mc pby ikdzoixch kj b ycvoksy ivoec od@cvebd$ Od Eb 2??6, b Esdoim iksvx jodch Ovzod` xmc crsozblcdx kj (0,111 jkv zoklbxod` b@cvebd lbp b`bodyx &hcjbebxokd kj xmc ecekv kj xmc hcbh$&

Fkkny bdh qbeqmlcxy imbllcdòd` zbvoksy byqcixy kj xmc Mklkibsyx fc`bd xk bqqcbv ymkvxlbjxcv xmc cdh kj PPOO$ Kdc kj xmc jovyx vczoyokdoyx xc}xy pby pvoxxcd f b Jvcdimikdicdxvbxokd%ibeq ysvzozkv dbech Qbsl Vbyyodocv$ Vbyyodocv'y fkkny, Lc Ecdykd`c h'Slyyc

^Xmc Loc kj SlyycyU, qsfloymch od 2?8?, bdh Lc Hvbec hcy Gsojy Csvkqccdy ^Xmc Hvbeb kj

xmc Csvkqcbd GcpyU, qsfloymch od 2?:8, ilboech Vbyyodocv mbh dkx yccd bd czohcdic kj xmcebyy `byyod`y xmbx mbh ikec xk lo`mx bjxcv xmc ibeqy pcvc lofcvbxch$



Qb`c | ?=

-Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw bv`sch xmbx blxmks`m Gcpy pcvc qcvycisxch f xmc Dbwoy, xmc pcvcdkx yqciojoibll xbv`cxch jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd/$

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xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv$ Fsxw bv`sch xmbx blxmks`m Gcpy pcvc qcvycisxch f xmc Dbwoy, xmc

pcvc dkx yqciojoibll xbv`cxch jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd$ Biikvhod` xk Fsxw, lcyy xmbd mblj beollokd qckqlc hoch od Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` PPOO, bdh kdl b jvbixokd kj xmcepcvc Gcpy$

Xkhb, xmc icdxvbl ikvc kj Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye od xmc S$Y$ oy xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv MoyxkvoiblVczocp -OMV/ od Ikyxb Ecyb, Iblojkvdob$ Jksdhch od 2?0? f ikdyqovbi xmckvoyx PolloyIbvxk, xmc OMV lbv`cl jsdixokdy by b ilcbvod` mksyc jkv b fvkbh vbd`c kj vczoyokdoyxqvkqb`bdhb, odilshod` ysim xoxlcy by Hcblod` od Mbxc7 Xmc Hczclkqecdx kj Bdxo%@cvebd

Qvkqb`bdhb> E Jbxmcv, Vshklqm Mcyy> bdh Bsyimpoxw7 Xvsxm kv Loc %% Bd Ccpoxdcyy

Vcqkvx$ Xmc OMV blyk mklhy bddsbl ikdjcvcdicy bx pmoim Ovzod` bdh kxmcv vczoyokdoyxy qvcycdxxmcov lbxcyx jodhod`y$ Xmc hcjodoxokd kj xmc xcve MKLKIBSYX locy bx xmc mcbvx kj xmc

vczoyokdoye ikdxvkzcvy$ Yodic PPOO, xmc c}qvcyyokd mby fccd sych xk hcyivofc b yyxcebxoiDbwo cjjkvx %% coxmcv kvoòdbxod` poxm Moxlcv kv bqqvkzch f moe %% xk c}xcveodbxc bll kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy$ Ikeekdl ndkpd by xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, xmc qlbd oy xmks`mx xk mbzcisleodbxch od xmc ikdyxvsixokd bdh kqcvbxokd kj xmc `by imbefcvy bx Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokdibeqy$

Kqqkdcdxy kj Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye %% xmkyc pmk cefvbic xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd kj xmcpbv -xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc ^BGIU bdh xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc ^BHLU odqbvxoislbv/ %% ikdyohcv xmc jo`mx b`bodyx Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye b ivsybhc b`bodyx b `vkpod`bve kj dck%Dbwoy bvksdh xmc pkvlh$ Od b ycvocy kj c}xcdyozcl vcycbvimch fvocjod` qbqcvy, xmcBGI bdh xmc BHL bv`sc xmbx Moxlcv'y hvcbe kj bd Bvbd pkvlh hoh dkx hoc poxm moe, fsx

ikeqvoycy b ikdyqovbi xmbx yxvcximcy jvke xmc S$Y$ xk Csvkqc bdh xmc Eohhlc Cbyx$ Xmc vcjcvxk xmcov kqqkdcdxy dkx by Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy, fsx Mklkibsyx HCDOCVY$

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eollokd$Xmks`m xmoy vczoyokd vboycy rscyxokdy bfksx xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpy nollch f xmc Dbwoy,

xmc rscyxokdy vboych f Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy bvc yccd by qbvx kj b lbv`cv b`cdhb kj hoyivoeodbxokd$

Ovzod` hcdocy xmbx moy zocpy kd xmc Mklkibsyx bvc bdxo%Yceoxoi$

&Xmc vczoyokdoyx yicdc ôdikvqkvbxcyU qckqlc jvke xmc joclh kj moyxkv, lonc eyclj, xkqckqlc pmk bvc bx xmc kxmcv cdh kj xmc yqcixvse, pmk jodh od vczoyokdoye b êcbdyU xk zcdxxmcov bdxo%Yceoxoye,& mc c}qlbody$

Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye oy b ikeekd lodn fcxpccd ebd kzcvxl vbioyx bdh bdxo%Yceoxoi

`vksqy, ysim by xmc Iblojkvdob%fbych Pmoxc Bvbd Vcyoyxbdic, pmoim qvkhsicy b ibflc%biicyyxclczoyokd ymkp ibllch VBIC BDH VCBYKD$



Qb`c | ??

Ykec zocpcvy ilboech xk fc kjjcdhch f bd cbvl cqoykhc kj xmc qvk`vbe xmbx kqcdch poxmibddch lbs`mxcv qlbod` fcmodh PPOO jole jkkxb`c kj ikvqycy bx Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$

Fsx ysqqkvx jkv Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye ikecy jvke qvk%Yceoxoi yohcy by pcll$ B ksd` Gcpdbech Hbzoh Iklc zoyoxch Bsyimpoxw od lbxc 2??6 bdh zohckxbqch bd odxcvzocp poxm Hv$Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, xmc isvbxkv kj xmc Mklkibsyx esycse bx xmc ibeq$

Od xmc odxcvzocp, Qoqcv bheoxxch xmbx xmc `by imbefcv ymkpd xk xksvoyxy pby vcekhclch fxmc Ykzocxy bjxcv xmc pbv$ Od Iklc'y zocp, xmoy yxbxcecdx ikdjovey Ovzod`'y ysqqkvx kj xmcLcsimxcv Vcqkvx$

Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdy ysqqkvxod` xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd kj xmc Mklkibsyx qkodx xk bdbfsdhbdic kj ccpoxdcyy biiksdxy bdh Dbwo ikdjcyyokdy ikllcixch hsvod` dsecvksy pbv%ivoecy xvobly$ Bx xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl, kxmcvpoyc ndkpd by xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobl,Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhcv Vshklj Mcyy xcyxojoch xmbx mc qcvykdbll bvvbd`ch xmc `byyod` kj xpkeollokd Gcpy fcxpccd Gsdc 2?82 bdh xmc cdh kj 2?89$

-Vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx xmc @cvebdy, kfycyyozc odycix%mbxcvy, ymoqqch lbv`c

rsbdxoxocy kj Wnlkd%F xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv xk noll loic/$&Xmcvc'y dk hksfx xmbx xmc @cvebdy hoh noll xmksybdhy kj qckqlc, ebimodc%`sddod` xmce

odxk qoxy,& yby Ovzod`$ &Fsx O hkd'x fcloczc xmc qlbddch bdh odyxbllch jbixkvocy kj hcbxm poxm`by imbefcvy$&

Xmc qvcycdic kj `by imbefcvy bx yczcvbl Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy oy xmc ekyxodivoeodbxod` czohcdic kj Moxlcv'y `cdkiohbl odxcdx$ Sdysyqcixod` Gcpy pcvc xvoinch odxk

cdxcvod` xmc hcbhl imbefcvy, sysbll sdhcv xmc qvcxc}x xmbx xmc vkkey pcvc lbv`c ymkpcvy$Kdic xmc hkkvy lkinch fcmodh xmce, qkoykdksy `by yqcpch ksx kj xmc ymkpcv mcbhy, nollod``vcbx dsefcvy od b ebxxcv kj eodsxcy$ Xmc fkhocy pcvc xmcd mbslch ksx, bdh coxmcv fsvdch odbhgbicdx ivcebxkvosey kv hseqch odxk qoxy$ Biikvhod` xk ccpoxdcyy biiksdxy bdh Dbwoxcyxoekd, xmoy qvkicyy pby vcqcbxch sdxol eollokdy kj Gcpy mbh fccd `byych$

Qmyoibl czohcdic kj `by%imbefcv c}xcveodbxokd oy mbvh xk ikec f$ Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdyb`vcc xmbx xmc @cvebdy odyxbllch `by imbefcvy bx kdl yczcd ibeqy od Qklbdh %% Bsyimpoxw-bdh oxy ybxclloxc jbiolox, Fovncdbs/, Yxsxxmkj, Xvcflodnb, Imcledk, Ykfofkv, Ebghbdcn, bdhFclwci$ Bll kj xmcyc ibeqy pcvc lofcvbxch f Ykzocx xvkkqy, bdh Qklbdh fcibec qbvx kj xmcYkzocx Sdokd bjxcv xmc pbv$ Xmc vcyslx pby xmbx hsvod` xmc lkd` hcibhcy kj xmc Iklh Pbv, xmc

ibeqy bdh xmc xkdy kj hkisecdxy ibqxsvch f xmc Vsyyobdy mbzc fccd vcyxvoixch jvke Pcyxcvdvcycbvimcvy$

Ekyx kj xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pcvc hcyxvkch f xmc @cvebdy fcjkvc xmc jcll odxkYkzocx mbdhy$ Ebd kj xmc fsolhod`y pcvc flkpd sq, odilshod` xmkyc xmbx vcqkvxchl mksychxmc ̀ by imbefcvy$

Xkhb, xmc kdl `by imbefcvy c}xbdx bvc jksdh bx Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$Fbyoi kqcvbxod` crsoqecdx oy eoyyod` bx bll kj xmc jbioloxocy$ Dkdc kj xmc imbefcvy isvvcdxlmbzc bov%xo`mx hkkvy, zcdxod` yyxcey jkv qoqod` `by kv c}mbsyx yyxcey jkv vcekzod` xmc `bybjxcv xmc zoixoey mbzc fccd nollch$

Moyxkvobdy b`vcc xmbx xmc `by imbefcvy sych b ibdohc%fbych odycixoiohc ibllch Wnlkd%F$Vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx xmc @cvebdy, kfycyyozc odycix%mbxcvy, ymoqqch lbv`c rsbdxoxocy kj



Qb`c | 211

Wnlkd%F xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv xk noll loic bdh kxmcv odycixy$ Hclksyod`vkkey, xmc hksfxcvy qkodx ksx, ibd yxoll fc jksdh bx ebd kj xmc ibeqy$

Ekvc yiocdxojoibll eodhch vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx Wnlkd%F hkcy dkx zbdoym poxmksx bxvbic, fsx fkdhy qcvebdcdxl poxm qkvksy ysvjbicy lonc fvoiny bdh ekvxbv$ Biikvhod` xk Voin @bxcy, b imceoyx poxm xmc Kvc`kd Hcqbvxecdx kj Cdzovkdecdxbl Rsblox pmk oy dkx odzklzch

od xmc vczoyokdoyx hcfbxc, &Ibdohc xvbicy ibd vcebod od ^ysim ebxcvoblyU b lkd` xoec$&

Bixod` kd xmoy yiocdxojoi qvodioqlc, Jvch Lcsimxcv bdh yczcvbl ikeqbdokdy xvbzclch xkQklbdh od 2?==, pmcvc xmc xkkn ybeqlcy jvke xmc pblly bdh jlkkvy kj xmc `by imbefcvy bxBsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$ Biikvhod` xk xmc Lcsimxcv vcqkvx, kdl eodoebl xvbicy kj ibdohc ikslh fc jksdh od xmc `by imbefcvy$ Xmoy ymkvxb`c kj jkvcdyoi czohcdic lcbhyLcsimxcv xk ikdilshc xmbx xmc vkkey ikslh dkx mbzc fccd sych by `by imbefcvy, bdhvczoyokdoyxy xbnc xmoy by qvkkj xmbx xmc `by imbefcv yxkv oy b mkb}$

Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi, bsxmkv kj Bsyimpoxw7 Hcyo`d bdh Jbfvoibxokd kj xmc @by Imbefcvy, vcjsxcy Lcsimxcv'y xmckv, bllcòd` xmbx xmc @cvebdy sych cdks`m Wnlkd%F xk noll qckqlc, fsxdkx cdks`m xk lcbzc ysfyxbdxobl xvbicy$

Qvcyybi, b Jvcdim qmbvebioyx, sycy ikeqlc} imceoibl jkveslby xk qvkzc xmbx xvbicy kj ibdohc pkslh fc jksdh od xmc hclksyod` vkkey, fsx dkx od xmc `by imbefcvy$

&B mhvkibdoi `by ikdicdxvbxokd kj 1$9 `vbey qcv isfoi ecxcv %% b lcxmbl hkyc %% oyoeechobxcl jbxbl xk b ebd, pmolc nollod` loic vcrsovcy b ikdicdxvbxokd kj jozc `vbey qcv isfoiecxcv jkv b qcvokh kj bx lcbyx xpk mksvy,& ilboey Qvcyybi$ &Ebodxbodod` xmbx ikdicdxvbxokd jkvyo} mksvy poll noll ^czcv odycix odjcyxod` b qcvykdU$ Xmc hkyc sych bx Fovncdbs pby lcxmbl 81 xk01 xoecy kzcv -26 xk 61 `vbey qcv isfoi odim/ %% pmoim odjbllofl nollch 2,111 qcvykdy od lcyyxmbd jozc eodsxcy$&

Poxmksx b ebyxcv qlbd xk cvbhoibxc Csvkqc'y Gcpv, xmc vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc, xmc Dbwoy pcvc

dk pkvyc xmbd ebd kxmcv eoloxbv b``vcyykvy od vcikvhch moyxkv$ &Xmc nollod`y ^qcvqcxvbxchf xmc DbwoyU, xmc qoxy bdh yk kd, pcvc dk pkvyc xmbd pmbx xmc Becvoibdy hoh od Zocxdbe odE Lbo,& ilboey Ovzod`, vcjcvvod` xk xmc Ebvim 2:, 2?:=, ylbs`mxcv f Becvoibd `vksdh xvkkqykj dcbvl 911 sdbvech bdh sdvcyoyxod` Zocxdbe iozolobdy, ebd kj pmke pcvc jkvich xk yxbdhkd xmc ch`c kj b hoxim bdh ebimodc%`sddch$ &Xmcvc bvc ccpoxdcyy hcyivoqxokdy kj fkxm$ Fsxxmc ohcb kj ycxxod` sq nollod` jbixkvocy, poxm xmc `by imbefcvy bdh yk kd, oeqlocy b icvxbodhc`vcc kj odhsyxvoblowbxokd bdh qvcioyokd xmbx, jvbdnl, O hkd'x xmodn ^fclkd`yU od xmc vcikvh$&

Gcpoym bhzkibi kv`bdowbxokdy bvc dkx pollod` xk fc hvbpd odxk b qsfloi hcfbxc poxmMklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy$ Xmc ikdxcdh xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx oy dkx b ebxxcv xk fc bv`sch bdh xmbx,jkv xmc ybnc kj xmc ecekvocy kj iksdxlcyy jbeolocy pmkyc vclbxokdy qcvoymch bx Dbwo mbdhy, xmc

ilboey kj xmc vczoyokdoyxy ymkslh dkx fc ho`dojoch poxm qsfloi vcyqkdycy$ &Pc dcch dkx pbyxcxoec kv vcjjkvx bdypcvod` xmc hcdocvy' ikdxcdxokdy,& yxbxcy Gcpoym moyxkvobd Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhx$&Ox pkslh fc dczcv%cdhod` xk vcyqkdh xk bv`secdxy qkych f xmkyc pmk jvccl jblyoj jodhod`y,rskxc ksx kj ikdxc}x bdh yoeql hoyeoyy vcbey kj xcyxoekd$ Xmcov ikeeoxecdx oy xk bdohcklk`, bdh xmcov 'jodhod`y' bvc ymbqch xk ysqqkvx ox$&

Xmc BGI bdh xmc BHL vksxodcl qsfloym bdh hoyxvofsxc xmc vcyslxy kj lcd`xm fbin`vksdhimciny odhoibxod` xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc dkx ecvcl hoyodxcvcyxch bibhceoiy, fsx bdxo%Yceoxoiqkloxoibl bixozoyxy$

Xmc BHL mby ohcdxojoch jkvecv Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp hovcixkv Hbzoh EiIblhcd byxmc jksdhcv kj xmc Fvoxoym Dbxokdbl Qbvx, bd kjjymkkx kj xmc dck%Dbwo Dbxokdbl Jvkdx, bdh

vcqkvxy xmbx vczoyokdoyx pvoxcv Bvxmsv Fsxw bhhvcyych xmc 2?=3 ikdzcdxokd kj xmc Dbxokd kj Oylbe, lch f dkxkvoksy bdxo%Yceoxc Lksoy Jbvvbnmbd$



Qb`c | 212

Ovzod` mby b qvkqkybl jkv ycxxlod` xmc ikdxvkzcvy7 b jsll cdrsov$ Yby Ovzod`, &O xmodn oxpkslh fc ekyx ybxoyjbixkv oj xmc Gcpy xmceyclzcy odzcyxo`bxch bdh hoyibvhch xmc lc`cdh ^kj xmc Jodbl YklsxokdU, fcibsyc bd kxmcv yklsxokd oy `kod` xk lcbh xk bd odivcbyc od bdxo%Yceoxoye$ Xmc pkvlh poll yb, 'Lkkn mkp xmc xvoch xk `cx bpb poxm ox jkv 31 cbvy"'&

Jvke Msyxlcv eb`bwodc, Bs`syx 2??97

Vczoyokdoyxy Imbllcd`c C}xcveodbxokd Yxkv

XMC MKLKIBSYX7 Lcx'y Mcbv Fkxm Yohcy

f Ebvn Pcfcv

Gsyx bfksx czcvkdc mby mcbvh xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy od Csvkqc

hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Becvoibd xclczoyokd, ekxokd qoixsvcy, dcpyqbqcvy bdheb`bwodcy mbeecv bpb kd xmoy xmcec$ Od Pbymod`xkd, HI, bd cdkveksy kjjoibl MklkibsyxEsycse oy fcod` fsolx$

Yimklbvy Imbllcd`c Mklkibsyx Yxkv

Hsvod` xmc qbyx hcibhc, xmks`m, ekvc bdh ekvc &Vczoyokdoyx& moyxkvobdy, odilshod`vcyqcixch yimklbvy ysim by Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw kj Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox, Qvkj$ VkfcvxJbsvoyykd kj xmc Sdozcvoyx kj Lkd od Jvbdic bdh fcyx%ycllod` Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`,mbzc fccd zo`kvksyl imbllcdòd` xmc pohcl%biicqxch c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Xmc hk dkxhoyqsxc xmc jbix xmbx lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky,kv xmbx ebd Gcpy hoch kv pcvc nollch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvy

mbzc, mkpczcv, qvcycdxch ikdyohcvbflc czohcdic xk ymkp xmbx xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qvk`vbexk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy bdh xmbx xmc cyxoebxc kj yo} eollokd Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh oy bdovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd$

Ebd Mklkibsyx Ilboey Bfbdhkdch

Vczoyokdoyxy qkodx ksx xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby imbd`ch rsoxc b lkx kzcv xmc cbvy$ Ebdc}xcveodbxokd ibeqy xmbx pcvc kdic pohcl biicqxch mbzc fccd rsoxcl hvkqqch od vcicdxcbvy$ Bx kdc xoec ox pby bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy `byych Gcpy bx Hbimbs, Fsimcdpblh bdhkxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Xmbx qbvx kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv qvkzch yksdxcdbflc xmbx ox pby bfbdhkdch ekvc xmbd xpcdx cbvy b`k$ Dk ycvoksy moyxkvobd dkpysqqkvxy xmc kdic ysqqkychl qvkzcd yxkv kj &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc klh

@cvebd Vcoim$ Czcd jbech &Dbwo msdxcv& Yoekd Pocycdxmbl bindkplch`ch od 2?03 xmbx&xmcvc pcvc dk c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy kd @cvebd ykol$& -'Fkkny * Fkknecd', Lkdhkd, Bqvol2?03, q$3/$ Qvkeodcdx Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy dkp ilboe xmbx ebyycy kj Gcpy pcvc `byych bx gsyxyo} ibeqy od pmbx oy dkp Qklbdh7 Bsyimpoxw, Ebghbdcn, Xvcflodnb, Ykfofkv, Imcledk bdhFclwci$ Mkpczcv, xmc &czohcdic qvcycdxch jkv &`byyod`y& bx xmcyc yo} ibeqy oy dkxrsbloxbxozcl hojjcvcdx xmbd xmc &czohcdic& jkv bllc`ch &`byyod`y& bx xmc ibeqy od @cvebdqvkqcv$ Bx xmc `vcbx Dsvcefcv` xvobl kj 2?83%2?8: bdh hsvod` xmc hcibhcy jkllkpod` xmc cdhkj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, Bsyimpoxw -cyqciobll Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs/ bdh Ebghbdcn -Lsflod/ pcvc `cdcvbll vc`bvhch by xmc vcbll oeqkvxbdx &hcbxm ibeqy$&

Jkv c}beqlc, xmc Bllocy bllc`ch bx Dsvcefcv` xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch jksv eollokd bx

Bsyimpoxw bdh bdkxmcv 2$3 eollokd bx Ebghbdcn$ Xkhb, dk vcqsxbflc moyxkvobd biicqxy xmcycjbdxbyxoi jo`svcy$ Od bhhoxokd, ekvc bdh ekvc yxvonod` czohcdic mby fccd qvcycdxch od vcicdx



Qb`c | 216

cbvy pmoim yoeql ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc bllc`bxokdy kj ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy bx xmcycibeqy$

Jkv c}beqlc, hcxbolch bcvobl vcikddboyybdic qmkxk`vbqmy xbncd kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs kdyczcvbl vbdhke hby od 2?88 -hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd qcvokh xmcvc/pcvc ebhc qsfloi f xmc IOB od 2?0?$ Xmc ymkp dk xvbic kj xmc qolcy kj ikvqycy, yeknod`

imoedcy bdh ebyycy kj Gcpy bpboxod` hcbxm, bll kj pmoim mbzc fccd bllc`ch bdh pkslh mbzcfccd ilcbvl zoyoflc oj Bsyimpoxw mbh odhcch fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd icdxcv$ Pc dkp blyk ndkpxmbx xmc qkyxpbv &ikdjcyyokdy& kj Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhbdx Vshklj Mcyy, pmoim oy b ivsiobl qbvxkj xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv, pby kfxbodch f xkvxsvc$ -Vsqcvx Fsxlcv, &Lcòkdy kj

Hcbxm& -Cd`lbdh7 2?=9/, qq$ 693%690, bdh V$ Jbsvoyykd, &Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp&, Podxcv 2?=:%2?=0, qq$ 9=?%819$/

Kxmcv Bfysvh Mklkibsyx Ilboey

Bx kdc xoec ox pby blyk ycvoksyl ilboech xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch Gcpy poxmclcixvoiox bdh yxcbe, bdh xmbx xmc ebdsjbixsvch ykbq jvke Gcpoym ikvqycy$ Jkv c}beqlc, bxDsvcefcv` xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch Gcpy bx Xvcflodnb, dkx od `byimbefcvy, by oy dkp ilboech, fsx f yxcbeod` xmce xk hcbxm od &yxcbe imbefcvy& -Dsvcefcv`hkisecdx QY%9922 -SYB%6?9/$ OEX flsc ycvocy, Zkl$ 96, qq$ 239%23=> OEX, Zkl 9, qq$ 3::%3:=$> DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 3, qq$ 2299, 2298$/ Xmcyc fowbvvc yxkvocy mbzc blyk fccd rsocxlbfbdhkdch od vcicdx cbvy$

Hoycbyc Ilboech Ebd Odebxcy

Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oy ysqcvjoiobll qlbsyoflc$ Czcvkdc mby yccd xmc mkvvojoiqmkxky kj hcbh bdh hod` odebxcy xbncd bx Fcv`cd%Fclycd, Dkvhmbsycd bdh kxmcvikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pmcd xmc pcvc lofcvbxch f Fvoxoym bdh Becvoibd jkvicy od xmc jodblpccny kj xmc pbv od Csvkqc$ Xmcyc qckqlc pcvc sdjkvxsdbxc zoixoey, dkx kj bd c}xcveodbxokdqvk`vbe, fsx kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd fvks`mx kd f xmc ikeqlcxc ikllbqyc kj @cvebd odxmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Odhcch, oj xmcvc mbh fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, xmc Gcpyjksdh f Blloch jkvicy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv pkslh mbzc lkd` yodic fccd nollch$ Od xmc jbic kj xmc bhzbdiod` Ykzocx jkvicy, lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc czbisbxch hsvod` xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv jvke cbyxcvd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky xk xmc vcebodod` ibeqy od pcyxcvd @cvebd$ Xmcycibeqy rsoinl fcibec xcvvofl kzcvivkphch, pmoim yczcvcl mbeqcvch cjjkvxy xk qvczcdx xmcyqvcbh kj cqohceoiy$ Jsvxmcvekvc, xmc fvcbnhkpd kj xmc @cvebd xvbdyqkvxbxokd yyxce ebhcox oeqkyyoflc xk ysqql bhcrsbxc jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc ibeqy$

Ibqxsvch @cvebd Hkisecdxy

Bx xmc cdh kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmc Bllocy ikdjoyibxch b xvcecdhksy rsbdxox kj

@cvebd hkisecdxy hcblod` poxm @cvebd'y pbvxoec Gcpoym qkloi, pmoim pby ykecxoecykjjoiobll vcjcvvch xk by xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Fsx dkx b yod`lc @cvebd hkisecdx mby czcv fccdjksdh pmoim czcd vcjcvy xk bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Xk xmc ikdxvbv, xmc hkisecdxy ilcbvlymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qkloi pby kdc kj ceo`vbxokd bdh hcqkvxbxokd, dkxc}xcveodbxokd$ Ikdyohcv, jkv c}beqlc, xmc ikdjohcdxobl @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic ecekvbdhsekj Bs`syx 62, 2?86 -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx D@%63=:%G$ DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 29, qq$ 689%68?/$ &Xmc qvcycdx pbv òzcy @cvebd xmc kqqkvxsdox bdh blyk xmc hsx kj yklzod` xmc Gcpoymqvkflce od Csvkqc,& xmc ecekvbdhse dkxcy$ Xmc qkloi &xk qvkekxc xmc czbisbxokd kj xmcGcpy -jvke Csvkqc/ od ilkycyx ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc b`cdiocy kj xmc Vcoimyjsmvcv YY^MoeelcvU oy yxoll od jkvic$& Xmc ecek dkxch xmbx &xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy hcqkvxch od xmoy pb xkxmc Cbyx hoh dkx ysjjoic xk ikzcv xmc lbfkv dcchy$& Xmc hkisecdx rskxcy @cvebd Jkvco`d

Eodoyxcv zkd Voffcdxvkq by ybod` xmbx &bx xmc cdh kj xmoy pbv, bll Gcpy pkslh mbzc xk lcbzcCsvkqc$ Xmoy pby bd sdblxcvbflc hcioyokd kj xmc Jsmvcv ^MoxlcvU bdh blyk xmc kdl pb xk



Qb`c | 219

ebyxcv xmoy qvkflce, by kdl b `lkfbl bdh ikeqvcmcdyozc yklsxokd ikslh fc bqqloch bdhodhozohsbl ecbysvcy pkslh dkx mclq zcv esim$& Xmc ecekvbdhse ikdilshcy f yxbxod` xmbxxmc &hcqkvxbxokdy ^kj Gcpy xk xmc CbyxU bvc b jsvxmcv yxcq kd xmc pb xk xmc xkxbl yklsxokd $ $ $Xmc hcqkvxbxokd xk xmc ^QkloymU @cdcvbl @kzcvdecdx oy b xceqkvbv ecbysvc$ Xmc Gcpy poll fcekzch kd jsvxmcv xk xmc kiisqoch ^YkzocxU cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy by ykkd by xmc xcimdoibl

ikdhoxokdy jkv ox bvc òzcd$& Xmoy sdbefo`sksy hkisecdx, bdh kxmcvy lonc ox, bvc vksxodclysqqvcyych kv o`dkvch f xmkyc pmk sqmklh xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$

Sdvclobflc Xcyxoekd

Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy vcl mcbzol kd yk%ibllch &ysvzozkv xcyxoekd& xk ysqqkvx xmcc}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Fsx ysim &czohcdic& oy dkxkvoksyl sdvclobflc$ By kdc Gcpoym moyxkvobdmby qkodxch ksx, &ekyx kj xmc ecekovy bdh vcqkvxy ^kj &Mklkibsyx ysvzozkvy&U bvc jsll kj qvcqkyxcvksy zcvfkyox, `vbqmkebdoi c}b``cvbxokd, hvbebxoi cjjcixy, kzcvcyxoebxch yclj%odjlbxokd, holcxxbdxc qmolkykqmowod`, pkslh%fc lvoioye, sdimcinch vsekvy, foby, qbvxoybdbxxbiny bdh bqklkòcy$& -Ybescl @vod`bsw od &Gcpoym Ykiobl Yxshocy& -Dcp _kvn/, Gbdsbv2?31, Zkl$ 26, q$ :3/

Moxlcv bdh xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd&

Xmcvc oy dk hkisecdxbv czohcdic xmbx Bhklj Moxlcv czcv `bzc bd kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmcGcpy, kv xmbx mc ndcp kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Odyxcbh, xmc vcikvh ymkpy xmbx xmc@cvebd lcbhcv pbdxch xmc Gcpy xk lcbzc Csvkqc, f ceo`vbxokd oj qkyyoflc bdh f hcqkvxbxokdoj dcicyybv$ B hkisecdx jksdh bjxcv xmc pbv od xmc jolcy kj xmc Vcoim Eodoyxv kj Gsyxoicvcikvhy moy xmodnod` kd xmc Gcpy$ Od xmc yqvod` kj 2?86, Yxbxc Ycivcxbv Jvbdw Yimlc`clfcv`cvdkxch od b ecekvbdhse xmbx Moxlcv'y Imocj kj Imbdicllcv, Hv$ Mbdy Lbeecvy, mbh odjkvechmoe7 &Xmc Jsmvcv mby vcqcbxchl hcilbvch xk moe ^LbeecvyU xmbx mc pbdxy xk ycc xmc yklsxokdkj xmc Gcpoym qvkflce qkyxqkdch sdxol bjxcv xmc pbv oy kzcv$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%8163$H$ Ovzod`, &@kcvod`7 B fok`vbqm& -Dcp _kvn7 2?=?/ q$ 98?$/ Bdh kd Gsl 68, 2?86, Moxlcv

ceqmbyowch moy hcxcveodbxokd xk vcekzc bll Gcpy jvke Csvkqc bjxcv xmc pbv7 &Xmc Gcpy bvcodxcvcyxch od Csvkqc jkv cikdkeoi vcbykdy, fsx Csvkqc esyx vcgcix xmce, oj kdl ksx kj yclj%odxcvcyx, fcisbyc xmc Gcpy bvc vbiobll xks`mcv$ Bjxcv xmoy pbv oy kzcv, O poll vo`kvksyl mklh xkxmc zocp $ $ $ xmbx xmc Gcpy poll mbzc xk lcbzc bdh ceo`vbxc xk Ebhb`byibv kv ykec kxmcvGcpoym dbxokdbl yxbxc$& -M$ Qoincv, &Moxlcvy Xoyim`cyqvyimc oe Jsmvcvmbsqxrsbvxocv& -Yxsxx`bvx7 2?0:/, q$ 83:/$

&Yxbvzod`& Gcpoym qvoykdcvy bx Yxbeelb` 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq$



Qb`c | 218

Moeelcv'y YY bdh xmc Ibeqy

Gcpy pcvc bd oeqkvxbdx qbvx kj @cvebd'y pbvxoec lbfkv jkvic, bdh ox pby od @cvebd'yodxcvcyx xk nccq xmce blozc$ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY ibeq bheodoyxvbxokd kjjoic ycdx b hovcixozc hbxchHci$ 6=, 2?86, xk czcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq, odilshod` Bsyimpoxw$ Ox ymbvql ivoxoiowch xmc mo`mhcbxm vbxc kj odebxcy hsc xk hoycbyc, bdh kvhcvch xmbx &ibeq qmyoiobdy esyx syc bll ecbdy bx

xmcov hoyqkybl xk yo`dojoibdxl vchsic xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc zbvoksy ibeqy$& Jsvxmcvekvc, oxkvhcvch7 &Xmc ibeq hkixkvy esyx ysqcvzoyc ekvc kjxcd xmbd od xmc qbyx xmc dsxvoxokd kj xmcqvoykdcvy bdh, od ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc bheodoyxvbxokd, ysfeox oeqvkzcecdx vcikeecdhbxokdy xkxmc ibeq ikeebdhbdxy$ $ $ Xmc ibeq hkixkvy bvc xk ycc xk ox xmbx xmc pkvnod` ikdhoxokdy bx xmczbvoksy lbfkv qlbicy bvc oeqvkzch by esim by qkyyoflc$& Jodbll, xmc hovcixozc yxvcyych xmbx &XmcVcoimyjsmvcv YY ^Mcodvoim MoeelcvU mby kvhcvch xmbx xmc hcbxm vbxc bfyklsxcl esyx fcvchsich$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%6202, Bddc} 6> DI*B vch ycvocy, Zkl$ 8, qq$ =99%=98/$Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY hcqbvxecdx xmbx ysqcvzoych xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, Voimbvh @lsiny, ycdx biovislbv lcxxcv xk cbim ibeq ikeebdhbdx hbxch Gbdsbv 61, 2?89$ Od ox mc kvhcvch7 &By O mbzcblvcbh qkodxch ksx, czcv ecbdy esyx fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeq$&

-Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx DK%2369> DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 3, qq$ 906%909/Yo} Eollokd;

Xmcvc oy dk vcbl czohcdic jkv xmc odicyybdxl vcqcbxch ilboe xmbx xmc @cvebd c}xcveodbxchyo} eollokd Gcpy$ Ox oy ilcbv, xmks`m, xmbx eollokdy kj Gcpy &ysvzozch& @cvebd vslc hsvod` xmcYcikdh Pkvlh Pbv, odilshod` ebd pmk pcvc odxcvdch od Bsyimpoxw bdh kxmcv yk%ibllch&c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy$& Xmoy jbix blkdc ymkslh vboyc ycvoksy hksfxy bfksx xmc c}xcveodbxokdyxkv$ B lcbhod` dcpyqbqcv kj dcsxvbl Ypoxwcvlbdh, xmc hbol &Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd&, ibvcjsllcyxoebxch od Gsdc 2?8: xmbx dk ekvc xmbd 2$3 eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy ikslh mbzc qcvoymchsdhcv @cvebd vslc hsvod` xmc pbv -&Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd&, Gsdc 29, 2?8:, q$6/$

Kdc%Yohch &Mklkibsyxkebdob&

Czcd bjxcv ekvc xmbd jkvx cbvy, xmc yxvcbe kj Mklkibsyx joley bdh fkkny ymkpy dk yo`dkj hoeodoymod`$ Xmoy vclcdxlcyy echob ibeqbo`d, pmoim Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bljvch Lolocdxmbl iblly&Mklkibsyxkebdob,& qkvxvby xmc jbxc kj xmc Gcpy hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by xmc icdxvblczcdx kj moyxkv$ Xmcvc oy dk cdh xk xmc mcbz%mbdhch ekxokd qoixsvcy, xmc yoeqloyxoixclczoyokd yqciobly, xmc zodhoixozc msdx jkv &Dbwo%pbv ivoeodbly,& xmc kdc%yohch &chsibxokdbliksvycy,& bdh xmc yclj%vo`mxcksy bqqcbvbdicy f qkloxoibdy bdh iclcfvoxocy bx Mklkibsyx&ecekvobl ycvzoicy$& Fvoxbod'y imocj vbffo, Oeebdscl Gbnkfkzoxy, mby biisvbxcl hcyivofch xmcMklkibsyx ibeqbo`d by &bd cdxovc odhsyxv, poxm mbdhykec qvkjoxy jkv pvoxcvy, vcycbvimcvy,jole%ebncvy, ekdsecdx fsolhcvy, esycse qlbddcvy bdh czcd qkloxoiobdy$& Mc bhhch xmbx ykecvbffoy bdh xmcklkòbdy bvc &qbvxdcvy od xmoy fo` fsyodcyy$& -M$ Ymbqovk, &Gbnkfkzoxy,&

'Gcvsyblce Qkyx' -Oyvbcl/, Dkz$ 6:, 2?=0, q$2/ Dkd%Gcpoym zoixoey gsyx hkd'x ecvox xmc ybecikdicvd$ Jkv c}beqlc, xmcvc bvc dk Becvoibd ecekvobly, &yxsh icdxcvy,& kv bddsblkfycvzbdicy jkv Yxblod'y zoixoey, pmk zbyxl ksxdsefcv Moxlcv'y$

Pmk Fcdcjoxy;

Xmc qcvqcxsbl Mklkibsyx echob floxw oy vksxodcl sych xk gsyxoj cdkveksy Becvoibd ysqqkvxjkv Oyvbcl bdh xk c}isyc kxmcvpoyc odc}isybflc Oyvbclo qkloiocy, czcd pmcd xmc ikdjloix poxmBecvoibd odxcvcyxy$ Xmc ykqmoyxoibxch bdh pcll%jodbdich Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d oy ivsioblloeqkvxbdx xk xmc odxcvyxy kj Oyvbcl, pmoim kpcy oxy c}oyxcdic xk ebyyozc bddsbl ysfyohocy jvkeBecvoibd xb}qbcvy$ By Qvkj$ P$ H$ Vsfodyxcod kj Bsyxvblob mby ibdhohl bindkplch`ch7 &Oj xmcMklkibsyx ibd fc ymkpd xk fc b 'Wokdoyx exm,' xmc yxvkd`cyx kj bll pcbqkdy od Oyvbcl'y

qvkqb`bdhb bvekv ikllbqycy$& -&Rsbhvbdx& -Bsyxvblob/, Ycqx$ 2?0?, q$60/$



Qb`c | 213

Gcpoym moyxkv xcbimcv Qbslb Mebd kj Iklsefob Sdozcvyox mby kfycvzch7 &Poxm vc`bvh xkOyvbcl, xmc Mklkisbyx eb fc sych xk jkvcyxbll qkloxoibl ivoxoioye bdh ysqqvcyy hcfbxc> oxvcodjkvicy xmc ycdyc kj Gcpy by bd cxcvdbll fclcb`scvch qckqlc pmk ibd vcl jkv xmcov hcjcdyckdl sqkd xmceyclzcy$ Xmc odzkibxokd kj xmc ysjjcvod` cdhsvch f xmc Gcpy sdhcv xmc Dbwoykjxcd xbncy xmc qlbic kj vbxokdbl bv`secdx, bdh oy c}qcixch xk ikdzodic hksfxcvy kj xmc

lcòxoebi kj isvvcdx Oyvbclo `kzcvdecdx qkloi$& -'Dcp _kvn Xoecy Eb`bwodc', Ycqx$ 28,2?=1, q$ 0?/$ Kdc ebgkv vcbykd xmbx xmc Mklkisbyx yxkv mby qvkzcd yk hsvbflc oy xmbx xmc`kzcvdecdx kj xmc ebgkv qkpcvy blyk mbzc b zcyxch odxcvcyx od ebodxbodod` ox$ Xmc zoixkvoksyqkpcvy kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv %% xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh Fvoxobd %% mbzc byxbnc od qkvxvbod` xmc hcjcbxch Moxlcv vcòec by dc`bxozcl by qkyyoflc$ Xmc ekvc czol bdhybxbdoi xmc Moxlcv vcòec bqqcbvy, xmc ekvc dkflc bdh gsyxojoch yccey xmc Blloch ibsyc$ Jkvebd Gcpy, xmc Mklkibsyx mby fcikec fkxm b jlksvoymod` fsoydcyy bdh b nodh kj dcp vcloòkd,by dkxch Gcpoym bsxmkv bdh dcpyqbqcv qsfloymcv Gbikfk Xoecvebd qkodxy ksx od moy fkkn,'Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv$' Mc vcqkvxy xmbx ebd Oyvbcloy, syod` xmc pkvh Ymkbm, pmoim oy Mcfvcp jkvMklkibsyx, gknc xmbx &Xmcvc'y dk fsyodcyy lonc Ymkbm fsyodcyy$& -'Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv', -Dcp_kvn7 Zodxb`c, 2?=6/, q$ 23/$ Xmc Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d qkvxvby Gcpy by xkxbll

oddkicdx zoixoey, bdh dkd%Gcpy by ekvxbll vcxbvhch bdh sdvclobflc fcod`y pmk ibd cbyol xsvdodxk esvhcvksy Dbwoy sdhcv xmc vo`mx ioviseyxbdicy$ Xmoy yclj%ycvzod` fsx hoyxkvxch qkvxvbbl`vcbxl yxvcd`xmcdy Gcpoym `vksq yklohbvox bdh yclj%bpbvcdcyy$ B nc lcyykd kj xmc Mklkibsyxyxkv jkv Gcpy oy xmbx dkd%Gcpy bvc dczcv ikeqlcxcl xvsyxpkvxm$ Oj b qckqlc by islxsvch bdhby chsibxch by xmc @cvebdy ikslh xsvd b`bodyx xmc Gcpy, yk xmc xmodnod` `kcy, xmbd ysvcl dkdkd%Gcpoym dbxokd ibd czcv fc ikeqlcxcl xvsyxch$ Xmc Mklkibsyx ecyyb`c oy xmsy kdc kj ikdxceqx jkv msebdox$

Mklkibsyx Mbxcekd`cvod`

Xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy ykecxoecy sch xk qvkekxc mbxvch bdh mkyxolox, qbvxoislbvl b`bodyxxmc @cvebd qckqlc by b pmklc, cbyxcvd Csvkqcbdy bdh xmc lcbhcvymoq kj xmc Vkebd Ibxmkloi

imsvim$ Xmc pcll%ndkpd Gcpoym pvoxcv, Cloc Pocycl, oy b jkvecv Bsyimpoxw odebxc pmk ycvzchby imbovebd kj xmc kjjoibl S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Iksdiol$ Mc vcioczch xmc 2?=: DkfclQcbic Qvowc$ Xmoy hchoibxch Wokdoyx pvkxc od moy fkkn, 'Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec'7 &Czcv Gcp,ykecpmcvc od moy fcod`, ymkslh ycx bqbvx b wkdc kj mbxc %% mcblxm, zovolc mbxc %% jkv pmbx xmc@cvebd qcvykdojocy bdh jkv pmbx qcvyoyxy od xmc @cvebd$& -'Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec' -Dcp _kvn7Yimkincd Fkkny, 2?=6/ imbq$ 26, q$ 286/$

Lcx Fkxm Yohcy Fc Mcbvh

Jkv yczcvbl cbvy dkp, xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby fccd xmc ysfgcix kj lcòxoebxc ikdxvkzcvyod Csvkqc$ Ox pby hcfbxch jkv yczcvbl mksvy kd Ypoyy xclczoyokd bdh kzcv Jvcdim dbxokdblvbhok$ Xmc vcyqcixch Oxblobd moyxkvoibl gksvdbl &Yxkvob Ollsyxvbxb& mby òzcd c}xcdyozc ikzcvb`c

xk fkxm yohcy kj xmoy oyysc$ Mcvc od Becvoib, xmks`m, qkpcvjsl kv`bdowbxokdy mbzc yk jbvqvczcdxch bd vcbl qsfloi c}imbd`c kj zocpy kd xmoy oyysc$ Ebd xmks`mxjsl Becvoibdy bvcmbzod` `vkpod` hksfxy bfksx bx lcbyx ykec kj xmc ekvc ycdybxokdbl Mklkibsyx ilboey, fsx bllxmc qsfloi czcv yccy bdh mcbvy oy xmc kvxmkhk} zocp kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Xmbx'y dkx vo`mx$Becvoibdy mbzc xmc vo`mx xk gsh`c xmoy oeqkvxbdx oyysc jkv xmceyclzcy$

Od yseebxokd7

Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oy fvcbnod` hkpd by ysqqvcyych czohcdic fcikecyfcxxcv ndkpd, bdh by ekvc qckqlc fcikec bpbvc kj xmc jbixy bfksx pmbx oy icvxbodl xmc ekyxmqch bdh qkloxoiowch imbqxcv kj ekhcvd moyxkv$ Bvxojoiobll ebodxbodod` xmc mbxvchy bdhqbyyokdy kj xmc qbyx qvczcdxy `cdsodc vcikdiolobxokd bdh lbyxod` qcbic$ Vczoyokdoye qvkekxcymoyxokvoibl bpbvcdcyy bdh odxcvdbxokdbl sdhcvyxbdhod`$ Xmbx'y pm xmc pkvn kj xmc Odyxoxsxc jkvMoyxkvoibl Vczocp oy yk oeqkvxbdx bdh hcycvzcy ksv ysqqkvx$



Qb`c | 21:

Bfksx xmc Bsxmkv7

Ebvn Pcfcv oy choxkv kj xmc 'OMV Dcpylcxxcv' bdh byykiobxc choxkv kj xmc 'Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp', fkxm qsfloymch f xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp$ Mc yxshoch moyxkvbx xmc Sdozcvyox kj Ollodkoy -Imoib`k/, xmc Sdozcvyox kj Esdoim, Qkvxlbdh yxbxc Sdozcvyox,bdh Odhobdb Sdozcvyox -E$B$, 2?00/$ Jkv jozc hby od Ebvim 2?==, mc xcyxojoch by b

vcik`dowch c}qcvx poxdcyy kd xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd& bdh xmc Mklkibsyx oyysc od b XkvkdxkHoyxvoix Iksvx ibyc$ Mc oy xmc bsvxmkv kj ebd qsfloymch bvxoilcy, vczocpy bdh cyyby kdzbvoksy byqcixy kj ekhcvd Csvkqcbd moyxkv$

Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?

:: Rscyxokdy kd xmc Mklkibsyx

Vcbh xmcyc rscyxokdy$ Oj ks pkslh lonc xmc bdypcvy ycdh b yxbeqch bhhvcyych cdzclkqc xk

xmc ODYXOXSXC JKV MOYXKVOIBL VCZOCP, 2=66 2+6 Dcpqkvx Flzh$, Ysoxc 2?2, IkyxbEcyb IB ?6:60 SYB$

2$ Pmbx qvkkj c}oyxy xmbx xmc Dbwoy qvbixoich `cdkiohc kv hclofcvbxcl nollch yo}eollokd$ Gcpy;

6$ Pmbx czohcdic c}oyxy xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc dkx nollch f xmc Dbwoy;

9$ Hoh Yoekd Pocycdxmbl kdic yxbxc od pvoxod` xmbx &xmcvc pcvc dk c}xcveodbxokdibeqy kd @cvebd ykol;

8$ Oj Hbimbs pby od @cvebd bdh czcd Yoekd Pocycdxmbl yby xmbx ox pby dkx bdc}xcveodbxokd ibeq, pm hk xmksybdhy kj zcxcvbdy od Becvoib yb xmbx ox pby bd

c}xcveodbxokd ibeq;3$ Bsyimpoxw pby od Qklbdh, dkx @cvebd$ Oy xmcvc bd qvkkj xmbx `by imbefcvy

jkv xmc qsvqkyc kj nollod` msebd fcod`y c}oyxch bx kv od Bsyimpoxw;

:$ Oj Bsyimpoxw pbyd'x b &hcbxm ibeq,& pmbx pby ox'y xvsc qsvqkyc;

0$ Pmk ycx sq xmc jovyx ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, bdh pmcvc bdh pmcd;

=$ Mkp hoh @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hojjcv jvke Becvoib vclkibxokd ibeqypmoim odxcvdch Gbqbdcyc%@cvebd%bdh Oxblobd%Becvoibdy hsvod` P$P$OO;

?$ Pm hoh xmc @cvebd odxcvd Gcpy od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;

21$ Pmbx c}xcdyozc ecbysvc hoh pkvlh Gcpv sdhcvxbnc b`bodyx @cvebd by cbvl

by 2?99;

22$ Hoh xmc Gcpy kj xmc pkvlh &hcilbvc pbv kd @cvebd;&

26$ Pby xmoy fcjkvc kv bjxcv xmc vsekvy kj xmc &hcbxm ibeqy& fc`bd;

29$ Pmbx dbxokd oy ivchoxch poxm fcod` xmc jovyx xk qvbixoic ebyy iozolobd fkefod`;

28$ Mkp ebd `by imbefcvy xk noll qckqlc pcvc xmcvc bx Bsyimpoxw;

23$ Mkp ebd Gcpy pcvc od bvcby xmbx ibec xk fc ikdxvkllch f xmc @cvebdyfcjkvc xmc pbv;

2:$ Oj xmc Gcpy kj Csvkqc pcvc dkx c}xcveodbxch f xmc Dbwoy, pmbx mbqqcdch xkxmce;

20$ Mkp ebd Gcpy jlch xk hccq poxmod xmc Ykzocx Sdokd;



Qb`c | 210

2=$ Mkp ebd Gcpy ceo`vbxch qvokv xk xmc pbv, xmsy fcod` ksxyohc kj @cvebdvcbim;

2?$ Oj Bsyimpoxw pby dkx bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq, pm hoh xmc ikeebdhbdx, Vshklj Mkcyy, ikdjcyy xmbx ox pby;

61$

Oy xmcvc bd czohcdic xmbx ox pby Becvoibd, Fvoxoym, Jvcdim, bdh Ykzocx qkloixk xkvxsvc @cvebd qvoykdcvy od kvhcv xk c}bix ikdjcyyokdy fcjkvc xmc xvobly bx Dsvcefcv`bdh clycpmcvc;

62$ Mkp hkcy xmc &Mklkibsyx& yxkv fcdcjox xmc Gcpy xkhb;

66$ Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl;

69$ Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox ebd Imvoyxobd ilcv`;

68$ Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox xmc Ikeesdoyxy;

63$ Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox Fvoxbod;

6:$ Oy xmcvc bd czohcdic xmbx Moxlcv ndcp kj b ebyy c}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy;

60$ Pmbx nodh kj `by pby sych f xmc Dbwoy od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;

6=$ Jkv pmbx qsvqkyc pby, bdh oy, xmoy `by ebdsjbixsvch;

6?$ Pm hoh xmc syc xmoy odyxcbh kj b `by ekvc ysoxbflc jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd;

91$ Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk zcdxolbxc jsll bd bvcb jseo`bxch f Wnlkd%F;

92$ Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhbdx Mkcyy yboh xmbx moy ecd pkslh cdxcv xmc `by imbefcvxcd eodsxcy bjxcv xmc Gcpy mbh hoch bdh vcekzc xmce$ Mkp hk ks c}qlbod xmoy;

96$ Mkcyy yboh od moy ikdjcyyokd xmbx moy ecd pkslh yeknc io`bvcxxcy by xmcqsllch xmc hcbh Gcpy ksx kj xmc `by imbefcvy xcd eodsxcy bjxcv `byyod`$ Oyd'x Wnlkd%Fc}qlkyozc;

99$ Pmbx pby xmc c}bix qvkichsvc xmc Dbwoy bllc`chl sych xk c}xcveodbxc Gcpy;

98$ Mkp ikslh ysim b ebyy qvk`vbe mbzc fccd ncqx ycivcx jvke Gcpy pmk pcvcyimchslch jkv c}xcveodbxokd;

93$ Oj Gcpy yimchslch jkv c}cisxokd ndcp xmc jbxc od yxkvc jkv xmce, pm hoh xmc`k xk xmcov hcbxmy poxmksx jo`mx kv qvkxcyx;

9:$ Bfksx mkp ebd Gcpy hoch od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;

90$ Mkp hoh xmc hoc;

9=$ Pmbx oy xqmsy;

9?$ Pmbx oy xmc hojjcvcdic oj yo} eollokd kv 911,111 Gcpy hoch hsvod` xmoy bpcykecqcvokh;

81$ Ebd Gcpoym ysvzozkvy kj xmc &hcbxm ibeqy& yb xmc ybp fkhocy fcod` qolchsq od qoxy bdh fsvdch$ Mkp esim `byklodc pkslh mbzc xk fc sych xk qcvjkve xmoy;

82$ Ibd fkhocy fc fsvdch od qoxy;

86$ &Mklkibsyx& bsxmkvy ilboe xmbx xmc Dbwoy pcvc bflc xk ivcebxc fkhocy od bfksx21 eodsxcy$ Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk odiodcvbxc kdc fkh biikvhod` xk qvkjcyyokdblivcebxkv kqcvbxkvy;

89$ Pm hoh xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy mbzc ivcebxkv kzcdy;



88$ @ozcd b 211 -xk xmc :xm qkpcv/ hsx iilc kj bll xmc ivcebxkvob od bll xmc ibeqyod @cvebd%ikdxvkllch xcvvoxkv, pmbx oy xmc eb}oese dsefcv kj ikvqycy ox pkslh mbzcfccd qkyyoflc xk odiodcvbxc hsvod` xmc cdxovc qcvokh ysim ivcebxkvy pcvc kqcvbxod`;

83$ Ibd b ivcebxkv kzcd fc kqcvbxch 211 -xk xmc :xm qkpcv/ kj xmc xoec;

8:$

Mkp esim bym oy lcjx jvke b ivcebxch ikvqyc;80$ Oj yo} eollokd qckqlc mbh fccd odiodcvbxch f xmc Dbwoy, pmbx mbqqcdch xk xmc

bymcy;

8=$ Hk Blloch pbvxoec qmkxky kj Bsyimpoxw -hsvod` xmc qcvokh pmcd xmc &`byimbefcvy& bdh ivcebxkvob pcvc ysqqkych xk fc od jsll kqcvbxokd/ vczcbl `by imbefcvy;

8?$ Pmbx pby xmc ebod qvkzoyokd kj xmc @cvebd &Dsvcefcv` lbpy& kj 2?93;

31$ Pcvc xmcvc bd Becvoibd qvcichcdxy jkv xmc Dsvcefcv` Lbpy;

32$ Pmbx hoh xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Vch Ivkyy mbzc xk vcqkvx poxm vc`bvh xk xmc&Mklkibsyx& rscyxokd;

36$ Pmbx pby xmc vklc kj xmc Zbxoibd hsvod` xmc xoec xmc yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvcbllc`ch xk mbzc fccd c}xcveodbxch;

39$ Pmbx czohcdic oy xmcvc xmbx Moxlcv ndcp kj xmc kd`kod` Gcpoym c}xcveodbxokd;

38$ Hoh xmc Dbwoy bdh xmc Wokdoyxy ikllbfkvbxc;

33$ Pmbx ibsych Bddc Jvbdn'y hcbxm gsyx yczcvbl pccny fcjkvc xmc cdh kj xmc pbv;

3:$ Oy xmc Bddc Jvbdn Hobv `cdsodc;

30$ Pmbx bfksx xmc dsecvksy qmkxk`vbqmy bdh jkkxb`c xbncd od xmc @cvebdikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy ymkpod` qolcy kj cebiobxch ikvqycy; Bvc xmcyc jbnch;

3=$ Pmk kvoòdbxch xmc xcve &`cdkiohc&;

3?$ Pcvc joley ysim by 'Mklkibsyx' bdh 'Xmc Podhy kj Pbv' hkisecdxbv joley;

:1$ Bfksx mkp ebd fkkny mbzc fccd qsfloymch pmoim vcjsxc ykec byqcix kj xmcyxbdhbvh ilboey ebhc bfksx xmc &Mklkibsyx&;

:2$ Pmbx mbqqcdch pmcd b moyxkvoibl odyxoxsxc kjjcvch (31,111 xk bdkdc pmkikslh qvkzc xmbx Gcpy pcvc `byych bx Bsyimpoxw;

:6$ Pmbx bfksx xmc ilboe xmbx xmkyc pmk rscyxokd xmc &Mklkibsyx& bvc bdxo%Yceoxoikv Dck%Dbwo;

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