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HOLY CROSS COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPPALLI -2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER - I
MAJOR CORE : FUNDAMENTALS FOR BIOCHEMISTRY
CODE: U14BC1MCT01
Specific Outcome of Learning
Unit – I
The student
- Interprets the different types of bonds.
- defines lattice energy
- identifies the factors favoring the formation of ionic bond.
- calculates lattice energy by using Born-Haber cycle.
- defines covalent bond
- explains the formation of sigma bond and pi bond
- differentiates sigma & pi bond
- defines VSEPR theory
- recognizes the shapes of simple molecules.
- argues why a given compound has regular geometry or irregular
geometry
- judges the geometry of various organic molecules based on VSEPR
theory
- compares I. bond and c.bond
- differentiates a polar and nonpolar molecules.
- defines hydrogen bond
- reason cuts the cause of formation of Hydrogen bond.
- identifies the compound containing Hydrogen bond, and the nature of
Hydrogen bond.
- differentiates intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding
- recognizes the unique properties of water
- argues why ice is lighter than water.
- briefs on the glycoside linkages in carbohydrate
- explains hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interact ionic bonds and
vanderwals forces in proteins and nucleic acid.
Unit – II
The student
- defines isomerism
- states the type of isomerism
- defines tatuomerism
- defines geometrical isomerism
- illustrates the types of isomerism
- classifies the types of isomerism
- recognizes the Amido-Imido isomerism
- compares andcontrsst between maleic acid and fumaric acid
- explains ketoenol tautomerism
- illustrates lactum-laticm with example.
- recognize optical activity.
- states sequence rules for R and S notation
- Identifies R and S notation for a new compound
- states & explains resolution
- illustrates reacemisation.
- explains asymmetric synthesis.
Unit – III
The student
- defines Dalton’s law of partial pressure.
- applies Dalton’s law of partial pressure
- defines and applies Henry’s law
- recognizes the gaseous exchanges in the lungs arterial and ventral
capillaries
- identifies the factors affecting 02 –Hb dissociation curve
- argues why venous blood contains high conc. of CO2
- recognizes the principles of electrochemical techniques
- argues why we need reference electrode in all ECT
- explains the procedure involved in glass electrode
- knows to measure the pH by using glass electrode
- interprets the different types of Ion-selective electrode
- knows the principles of oxygen electrode.
- understand the operation of Clark electrode
- applies oxygen electrode to measure o2 concentration in mitochondria
and chloroplast.
- recognizes the applications of oxygen electrode
Unit – IV
The student
- recognizes the rate of the reaction.
- defines rate & rate law
- explains the various methods of rate determination.
- defines order of the reaction
- applies to determine the 1st, 2
nd,3
rd , zero and fractional order of reactions.
- states the molecularity of the reactions.
- differentiates order and molecularity of the reaction.
- defines heat, temperature and energy
- explains the free energy changes associated with biological reaction
- states first law of thermodynamics
- defines enthalpy, entropy and heat content.
- differentiates the processes such as isothermal adiabatic reversible and
irreversible.
- recognizes the need of II law of thermodynamics
Unit – V
Chemical Analysis and Laboratory Hygiene:
The student
- defines pH and pOH
- illustrates buffer solution preparation & uses
- understands buffer action
- derives Henderson equation
- explains the pH of body fluids
- explains buffers in body fluids
HOY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER – I
ALLIED 1 (Compulsory) - FOOD AND NUTRITION
CODE: U14BC1ACT01
Specific outcome of learning
Unit I:
The student
- describes the food as a source of nutrient.
- lists the functions of food.
- defines nutrition.
- classifies nutrients.
- explains the interrelationship between nutrition and health.
- describes the visible symptoms of good health.
- explains the loss of nutrient value when they are exposed to light and heat.
Community nutrition:
- explains the methods of nutritional assessment.
- learns about the role of International agencies such as FAO, WHO,
UNICEF, CARE, ICDS.
- describes the midday meal programme.
- explains the role of national institutions such as ICMR, CSIR, NIN,
CFTRI.
Unit II
The student
- classifies carbohydrates according to the number of saccharine units
giving examples of each.
- explains the functions of carbohydrates that are important in human
metabolism.
- lists the important sources of carbohydrates in the diet.
- illustrates the carbohydrates requirement (carbohydrate calories as percent
of total calories) for different age group.
- lists the symptoms of hypoglycemia
- classifies diabetes mellitus
- describes the changes in carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism in
diabetes mellitus.
- compares GTT curve in normal persons with that of pre diabetics, mild
diabetics & serve diabetics.
- differentiates hypoglycemic coma & diabetic coma.
- identifies the source, main chain structure and functions of the different
types of dietary fibre
- identifies the dietary source of fibre & lists the dietary fibre content of
some foods.
- describes the beneficial role of fibre in the diet
- classifies lipids and describes their nature and functions in the human
body.
- explains saturated & unsaturated fatty acid.
- defines the term essential fatty acids with suitable example & lists their
sources.
- explains the functions of food fats, body fats, phospholipids, cholesterol
and essential fatty acids.
- describes the essential fatty acid deficiency in human being –
phrynoderma.
PROTEINS
- recognizes the chemical composition of proteins
- differentiates essential and non – essential as indispensable aminoacid
- recognizes the nutritional significance of amino acids.
- classifies amino acids based on their structure.
- classifies amino acids based on their nutritional significance as essential,
semi essential & non-essential amino acid.
- classifies protein according to the recommendations of American
physiological society & the American society of Biological Chemist.
- classifies protein based on their nutritional significance as complete,
partially complete & in complete proteins.
- elaborates the functions of proteins.
- lists the essential amino acid content of some food.
- evaluates the quality of dietary proteins using various method such as
protein ratio (PER), digestibility coefficient, biological value(BV) net
protein utilization, net protein ratio and chemical score.
- defines nitrogen balance.
- differentiates positive nitrogen balance and negative nitrogen balance.
- describes the digestion of proteins & absorption of amino acid.
- describes the fate of dietary protein in our bodies.
- determines protein requirements in terms of the types & amount of food
proteins needed in our diet.
- recognizes the important sources of plant proteins and animal proteins.
- elaborates the protein deficiency state – kwashiorkor and animal proteins.
- discriminates the clinical and biochemical features between marasmus
and kwashiorkor.
Unit III
The student
- defines the mineral nutrient
- classifies mineral nutrient
- defines the macronutrients & micronutrients
- list out the macronutrients & micronutrient
Calcium
- states its distribution and food sources
- explains the absorption
- summarizes the function of calcium
- lists out the requirement of calcium
- explains the factors increasing and decreasing calcium absorption
- describes the role of calcium in the bones & in the blood
- lists out the symptoms of hypocalcaemia
Phosphorous & Magnesium
- states their distribution
- explains their physiological function
- explains their absorption & metabolism
- recognizes their food sources
- deduces their requirement
- summarizes the effect of imbalance
Sodium & Potassium:
- lists out the function of sodium & potassium
- recognises the food sources of sodium & potassium
- explain the sodium & potassium balance
- detects the symptoms of excess sodium & potassium.
- recognises the potassium deficiency & sodium depletion.
- states its distribution.
- lists out the requirement of sodium and potassium.
Sulfur & Chloride
- states the distribution of sulfur & chloride
- states the chief source of sulphur & chlorine in diet.
- identifies the food sources of sulphur & chlorine
- recognise the relationship of molybdenum.
- explains the metabolism.
- deduces its requirements.
- explains its deficiency.
Micronutrients:
- states the distribution of Iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese,
fluorine, selenium, molybdenum, bromine & metabolism.
- explains the absorption & metabolism of these micro nutrients
- lists out the sources of these micronutrients
- summarizes the functions of these above micronutrients
- explains the deficiencies of the these above micronutrients.
- deduces the requirements of these above micronutrients.
Water:
- states the importance of water.
- explains the distribution & sources.
- lists out the functions of water
- states the water balance
- recognizes the impairment & dehydration of water.
- states edema.
Unit IV
Vitamins:
- defines Vitamins.
- classifies Vitamin according to the their solubility as fat-soluble vitamins
– A,D,E&K and water soluble vitamins B complex and C
- describes the general nature of each vitamin
- explains the functions of each vitamin.
- describes the absorption, transport and storage of each vitamins.
- elucidates the requirement of each vitamin.
- explains the clinical problems associated with deficiency of each vitamin.
- relates the requirement for each vitamin to health problems from a
deficiency and possible dangers from an excess.
- states the distribution of each vitamin.
- identifies the food sources of each vitamin, and situations requiring
possible need for supplementation.
Unit – V
- states the concepts and significance of energy metabolism
- defines and differentiates calorie of joule.
- explains and distinguishes between physical and physiological values of
fuel.
- illustrates the measurement of calorific value of food using bomb
calorimeter.
- differentiates direct and indirect calorimeter
- predicts the relation between O2 consumed and calorific value.
- defines and explains basal metabolism and basal metabolic rate.
- list and states the conditions required for its measurement.
- interprets the standards of basal metabolism – body surface area, weight
and height of the subject.
- interprets the factors affecting BMR and its significance.
- explains specific dynamic activity of food (SDA)
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER III - MAJOR CORE PAPER-4
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
CODE: U14BC3MCT04
General Instructional objectives:
- The student learns about the principles, materials, methods, and
applications of various biochemical techniques
SPECIFIC OUT COME OF LEARNING
UNIT I
Spectrophotometric Methods:
- defines electromagnetic radiation
- explains, energy, wavelength, wavenumber
- differentiates absorption and emission spectra.
- derives Beer’s law
- gives an account of colorimetry and spectophotometry
- gives the principle and instrumentation of spectrofluorometer
- identifies the application of spectrofluorometry in biochemistry
- elaborates on flame photometry and atomic absorption
spectrophotometry
- learns about the application of flame photometry and atomic absorption
spectrophotometry and NMR spectra.
UNIT – II
Chromatography:
The student
- defines chromatography
- describes the principles, materials and methods of different
chromatography.
- recognizes the technique involved in each chromatography.
- discusses T.L.C and paper chromatography
- elaborates on G.L.C, ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography
- gives a detailed account of H.P.L.C
- discuss the application of each chromatography in Biochemistry
UNIT – III
Centrifugation methods:
The student
- describes the basic principles of sedimentation.
- defines centrifugal force, RCF and Svedberg constant.
- classifies centrifuges.
- explains briefly the different types of centrifuges (small bench, capacity
refrigerated, high speed refrigerated ultracentrifuges)
- describes the types of rotors (i.e) fixed angle, swinging bucket, vertical,
horizontal or zonal
- explains the methods of separation using preparative ultra centrifugation
techniques - differential and density gradient centrifugation.
- explains subcellular fractionation using differential centrifugation
- describes the preparation and methods of density centrifugation
- illustrates the analytical ultracentrifuge.
- elucidates the applications of the analytical ultracentrifuge (molecular
weight determination of proteins and nucleic acids, purity of sample,
conformation analysis).
UNIT IV
Electrophoresis:
The student
- defines electrophoresis.
- explains the general principles underlying it.
- recognizes and interprets the types of gel and derives an equation for the
migration of an ion in electric field
- reason out and explains the factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility.
- differentiates the types of electrophoresis (Free and zonal)
- describes the moving boundary electrophoresis
- elaborates on the paper and cellulose acetate filter paper electrophoresis
- discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different gels used in
electrophoresis.
- learns about the solubilizers used in the gel electrophoretic techniques.
- describes the main types of gel electrophoresis(PAGE, SDS-PAGE,
Isoelectric focussing
- explains the immuno electrophoresis
UNIT - V
Radio Isotope Techniques:
The student
- interprets the structure of an atom
- knows the types of radiations
- defines isotopes, radioactive decay, half-life period, unit of radioactivity
and radioactive decay energy
- explains radioactivity.
- describes, differentiates and elucidates the methods (ionization &
excitation) involved in the measurement of radioactivity.
- Illustrates the principle and applications of Geiger-Muller counter
- analyses their advantages and disadvantages.
- explains autoradiography and its practical aspects.
- applies the uses of isotope in the elucidation of metabolic pathway.
- recognizes and interprets its application in clinical scanning and
radiodating.
- analyses the safety aspects in the use of radioisotopes.
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 2
II B.SC., BIOCHEMISTRY, SEMESTER III
MAJOR CORE-5: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
CODE:U14BC3MCT05
General Instructional objectives:
The student
- learns about the structure, operational mechanism and functions of the
various organs and organ system in human body
- learns about the chemistry and functioning of various endocrine
Secretions.
Specific Outcome of learning:-
Unit I: Gastrointestinal and Circulatory system
The student
- describes the gross anatomy of the gastro intestinal tract [viz., mouth &
esophagus, stomach, pancreatic (exocrine function) liver & biliary
system, gall bladder small intestine, colon] their secretions and
function.
- describes the structure and functions of the heart
- describes cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram and sounds of heart
- defines cardiac output & blood pressure.
- elucidates the origin and conduction of heart beat in details.
Unit II :Respiratory system
The student
- describes the basic structure and functions of respiratory system.
- explains the physiology of respiration (transport of CO2 and O2)
- comments on various body fluids viz., extra cellular fluids, interstitial
fluid, transcellular fluid and intracellular fluid
- elucidatesthe composition, formulation and flow of lymphatic fluid.
- explains the causes and remedies of respiratory and metabolic acidosis
and alkalosis.
Unit III: Excretory System
The student
-- describes the basic structure of kidney and its functions
– explains the structure of nephron elaborately.
– differentiates superficial and juxta medullary nephrons
– explains glomerular filtration, net or effective filtration pressure, GFR,
tubular load and tubular transport maximum for reabsorption &
secretions.
– explains selective reabsorption of proteins, glucose, H20, Na+, Cl
-,
HCO3-, & PO4
-
– explains tubular secretion and acidification of urine.
– comments on the normal and abnormal constituents of urine.
– describes the structure of testis and ovary.
– describes the physiology of sperm and ova formation .
– comments on the menstrual cycle.
Unit IV: Nervous and Muscular System:-
The student
- elaborates on the structure of neuron.
- explains resting potential and conduction of nerve impulse.
- describes synapse and synaptic conduction.
- elaborates on the molecular organization of muscles.
- describes the various events occurring during muscle contraction.
Unit V: Basic Endocrinology
The student
- classifies hormones based on their mode of action
- elaborates hormone action on the basis of receptors
- describes the structure of hypophysis, its secretions and functions
- comments on the role of hypothalamus as the master gland
- describes anatomy of thyroid, parathyroid and pancreas
- describes the chemical nature, synthesis, transport and functions of
hormones secreted by thyroid, parathyroid & pancreas
- comments on the chemical nature, synthesis, transport and function of
the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and
gonads (testis & ovary)
*****************
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER– III
ALLIED 4(Optional): MICROBIOLOGY – GENERAL
CODE: U14BC3AOT04
Specific outcome of learning
Unit I:
The student
- defines microbiology, virology, bacteriology, phycology, mycology and
protozoology.
- recognizes the important events in the history of microbiology.
- identifies the major contributors to the field of microbiology.
- lists the important investigators & their accomplishments during the
discovery era, transition period, golden age of microbiology & in
20th
century.
- elaborates the main contributions of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
to the development of microbiology.
- explain Koch’s postulates.
- elaborates the scope of microbiology.
- classifies microorganism based on the Haeckel’s kingdom protista.
- differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
- describes the Five – Kingdom concept of Whittaker.
- explains Carl Woese three domain concept.
- recognizes the importance of microscope in the microbiological
world briefly describes about Dark field, bright field, Phase contrast
and electron microscopy.
Unit II:
The student
- defines pure culture, bacterial strain, type strain, bacterial species.
- gives the size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cell.
- explains the structure of typical bacterial cell with suitable diagram.
- gives an account on the structure and function of organelles that are
external and internal to the cell wall.
- describes the structure and chemical composition of bacterial cell
wall.
- elaborates the nutritional requirements of bacteria.
- classifies bacteria based on their nutritional requirement.
- differentiates phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs and
heterotrophs.
- gives an account on the physical conditions required for growth.
- classifies culture media on the basis of their application or function.
- identifies bacteria based on their morphological, staining and
cultural characteristics, certain biochemical test.
- draws and explains a typical bacterial growth curve.
- gives an account on bacterial photosynthesis.
- describes asexual and sexual reproductive process in bacteria.
Unit III:
The student
- describes the structure of Mycoplasma and Myxobacteria.
- describes the morphology of Rickettsia and lists the disease caused by it.
- describes the morphology of Chlamydia.
- elucidates the reproductive cycle in Chlamydia.
- classifies the virus based on nucleic acid content (RNA & DNA virus).
- illustrates the structure of TMV.
- elucidates the assembly of TMV.
- defines prions, virions, bacteriophage, eclipse.
- illustrates the structure & reproductive cycle of T4 phage.
- defines lytic & lysogenic cycle.
Unit IV:
The student
- describes the structure and mode of reproduction of Cyanobacteria.
- explains Actinomycetes and its mode of reproduction.
- elaborates on micro algae.
- gives an account of Chlorella, Volvox and Diatoms.
- gives an elaborate account on the structure and reproduction in
Mucor, Penicillium, Yeast and Aspergillus.
- elaborates on the structure and reproduction of Entamoeba,
Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Paramecium.
Unit V:
The student
- elaborates the major physical agents or processes used for control of
microorganisms like temperature, (autoclave, Hot air oven)
desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, filtrations(with principles).
- defines tyndallisation, lyophilization, pasteurization.
- lists the characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agent.
- defines sterilization, disinfectant, antiseptic, bactericide and
bacteriostatic.
- lists the major groups of chemical antimicrobial agents.
- explains the practical applications and mode of action of phenolic
compounds, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, dyes, detergents, aldehydes
and gaseous agents.
- defines chemotherapeutic agent & chemotherapy.
- lists characteristics of antibiotics that qualify them as
chemotherapeutic agents.
- elaborates on the mode of action of antibiotics (viz. antibiotics that
affect cell wall synthesis, damage cell membrane, inhibit protein
and nucleic acid synthesis).
- explains the mode of development of resistance to antibiotics.
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER V
MAJOR CORE 7: INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
(METABOLIC DISORDERS NOT INCLUDED)
CODE: U14BC5MCT07
Specific Outcome of learning:
Unit I
Metabolism of carbohydrates:
- gives the overview of carbohydrate metabolism.
- describes the metabolic pathway of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
- explains the reactions of the citric acid cycle,its regulation and
significance
- discusses the amphibolic nature of the citric acid cycle.
- computes the bioenergetics of EM pathway, TCA cycle, EM-TCA
pathway from glucose
- explains the process of gluconeogenesis and its regulation
- describes the HMP shunt pathway and its metabolic significance
- explains the glyoxylate cycle and its relationship to the citric acid
cycle.
- gives the flow chart of uronic acid pathway and the importance of
glucuronic acid
Unit – II
Metabolism of lipids and steroids:
- gives the overview of lipid metabolism
- explain the beta oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with
special reference to carnitine shuttle.
- knows the other types of fatty acid oxidation (alpha, omega and
peroxisomal oxidation)
- explains the synthesis and degradation of phospholipids
- lists the type of phospholipases and their action
- describes the process of ketogenesis and its regulation
- enumerate the steps involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and
explains its regulation
- elaborates on the synthesis and degradation of cholesterol
- mentions the biological importance of derivatives cholesterol
Unit – III
Metabolism of proteins and amino acids
- recognizes the dynamic state of proteins
- classifies aminoacid as glucogenic, ketogenic, essential and
nonessential aminoacids.
- explains Nitrogen balance
- lists the Non-protein nitrogenous substances synthesized from
aminoacids.
- describes oxidative and non-oxidative deamination with example
- explains transdeamination, decarboxylation, deamination, amination.
- explains transmethylation, synthesis of creatine, creatinine formation
and creatinine co –efficient.
- elaborates on the reactions of the urea cycle and its regulation.
- describes the metabolism of phenyl alanine and tyrosine including
syntheis of melanin epinephrine and thyroid harmones.
- describes the metabolism of tryptophan kynurenine anthranilate
pathway and serotonin pathway.
- outlines the metabolism of branched chain aminoacid & sulphur
containing aminoacid.
Unit – IV
Metabolism of Nucleic Acids:
- explains the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines
- explains the pathways for the degradation of purine and pyrimidines
nucleotides.
- relates the varies end products of nitrogen metabolism to the habitat of
the animal
- defines detoxication and recognizes the different endogenous and
exogenous toxic substances.
- elaborates on the transformations involved in detoxication process viz.,
Oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction and conjugation with examples.
Unit - V
Mitochondrial ETS and chloroplast:
The student
- discusses the importance of mitochondria in electron transport and
defines oxidative phosphorylation.
- outlines the importance of electron carriers.
- gives a detailed account on complexes
- elaborates on the coupling of phosphorylation with ATP synthesis
- differentiates uncouplers and inhibitors.
- highlights on various high energy compounds
- discusses the structure of chloroplast
- defines photosynthesis
- elaborates on light absorption by photosystem I and II
- explains the coupling of ATP synthesis to light driven electron flow.
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER V
MAJOR CORE 08: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CODE:U14BC5MCT08
SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF LEARNING
CELL BIOLOGY
Unit I
The student
- defines cell,
- describes the ultra-structure of the plant and animal cell
- differentiates prokaryotic &eukaryotic cell.
- explains the physical nature of matrix of cytoplasm.
- lists the physical and biological properties of cytoplasm
- explains the ultra-structure of plasma membrane (viz., lamellar,
unitmembrane , miceller, protein crystal, Fluid mosaic models.)
- explain the physiology of plasma membrane viz., permeability, transport
and translocation functions.
- gives a brief account on the introduction to signal transduction and other
functions.
Unit II
Cellular Components:
The student
- describes the morphology of mitochondria.
- describes the structural variations, chemical composition of mitochondria.
- explain the various functions of mitochondria
- describes the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum.
- explains the ultrastructure of endoplasmic reticulum
- differentiates the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
- elucidates the role of endoplasmic reticulum in the cell.
- describes the morphology and ultra-structure of golgi complex
- lists the functions of golgi bodies
- explains the protein glycosylation in the golgi complex
- describes the structural morphology and chemistry of lysosomes.
- gives the details about polymorphic nature of lysosomes
- lists the functions of lysosomes.
- describes the structure and function of chloroplast
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Unit III
Replication of DNA
- explains nucleic acid as carriers of genetic information
- describes the transformation experiments
- explains Hershey and Chase experiments
- describes the TMV reconstitution experiments
- comments on Central Dogma of molecular genetics and reverse
transcription.
- accounts on organization of DNA into chromosome
- explains the salient features of eukaryotic and viral genome
comments on Cot value, C- value paradox, base composition, base
equivalence, buoyant density.
- explains DNA denaturation, renaturation kinetics, Tm, types of DNA.
- Describes satellite DNA, nucleic acid hybridization.
- explains semi conservative mode of replication – Messelson Stahl
experiments.
- describes the role of DNA Pol-I, II, III and other enzymes.
- comments on replication fork, replisome
- describes replication, rolling circle method
- distinguishes between replicase and reverse transcriptase
- briefs on inhibitors of DNA replication
Unit IV
Transcription
The student
- describes the structure & properties of different class of RNA viz,
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
- comments on the structure & role of RNA polymerase in
transcription
- elaborates on the process of transcription in prokaryotes (initiation,
elongation, termination)
- describes the post transcriptional processing of eukaryotic mRNA,
viz, splicing, capping, polyadenylation.
Translation
The student
- defines translation.
- explains the importance of genetic code
- elaborates on the structure of tRNA.
- describes the structure of prokaryotic ribosome.
- elaborates on the various steps of translation in E.coli
- describes the various factors involved in translation.
- explains coupled transcription and translation in prokaryotes
- describes the post translational processing of proteins in prokaryotes
Unit – V
Gene Regulation and DNA Repair Mechanisms
The student
- explains the concept of gene regulation –positive, negative regulation
and coordinate regulation
- describes the structure and functioning of lac and trp operon
- explains the mechanisms of DNA repair viz., light repair & dark
repair (Excision, recombination and sos repairs ) in E. coli
*******************
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER-V
MAJOR CORE 09: IMMUNOLOGY
CODE: U14BC5MCT09
SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF LEARNING
Unit I
The student
- defines immunology, immunity & types of immunity
- describes the various defense barriers of the innate immune wing.
(Anatomic, Physiological, phagocytic and Inflammatory immune
response)
- describes the morphology of the various lymphoid organ(viz., Thymus,
Bone marrow, spleen, lymphnode, GALT-payer’s patch, appendix, BALT-
Tonsils)
- elucidates the development, differentiation, maturation and functions of
cells of the immune system(viz., T, B lymphocytes and macrophage)
- gives a brief account on interleukins and cytokines
Unit II
The student
- defines and explains antigen, hapten, adjuvant.
- differentiates antigenicity and immunogenicity.
- explains the general properties of antigen.
- gives the different types of antigens and antigenic determinants.
- lists the different types of vaccine.
- explains the preparation of vaccines and toxoids.
- elucidates the basic structure of an immunoglobulin.
- classifies the different types of immunoglobulins and their functions.
- explains the genetic basis of antibody diversity.
- lists the characteristic features and functions of complements
- describes the mode of action of complements (viz., classical, alternate and
lectin pathway)
- comments on the regulation of complements
Unit III
The student
- defines acquired immune response.
- differentiates primary and secondary immune responses.
- outline the major events in humoral immunity
(antigen recognition, role of T,B,& macrophages, cell interaction,
antibody production)
- interprets the theory of clonal proliferation
- describes the role of cells in cellular immunity
(viz., Tc cells, Td cells, NK cells and Macrophage)
- describes CTL mediated destruction
- describes ADCC mechanisms
Unit IV
The student
- understands the concept of MHC.
- describes the structure, organization and functions of MHC in man &
mice.
- explains the role of MHC in tissue typing and organ transplantation.
- defines autoimmunity and autoantibody
- describes the mechanisms of induction of autoimmunity.
- classifies the major auto immune diseases
- defines Hypersensitivity and types of allergic reactions
- describes the mechanisms of occurrence of the different types of
hypersensitivity reaction (Type I,II,III,IV)
- defines-antigenic drift, antigen shift, antigen mimicry, antigen masking,
antigen variation.
- describes the immunity to bacterial, parasitic & viral infections.
- elucidates on immunity to tumor
- explains the concept of immune surveillance.
- describes tumor immunotherapy
Unit V
The student
- describes the various antigen-antibody reactions
- defines avidity, affinity and cross-reactivity
- differentiates precipitation and agglutination reactions
- illustrates the different precipitation and agglutination reactions and their
significance in diagnosis
- learns the principle and applications of immunodiffusion (ouchterlony
double immunodiffusion, SRID)
- learns the principle and applications of immunoelectrophoresis(rocket,
counter current etc.), coomb’s test, pregnancy test, widal test etc.
- describes the principle, procedure and application of various
immunological technique(ELISA, RIA, Immunoflourescence, flow
cytometry and FISH techniques, .)
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPALLI-2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER V
MAJOR ELECTIVE-2: BIOSTATISTICS
CODE: U14BC5MET02
Specific Outcome of Learning:
Unit I
The student
- defines biostatistics.
- defines collection of data.
- recognizes the methods of collecting data.
- explains primary and secondary data.
- defines classification
- illustrates the objectives and types of classification.
- classifies the different types of classifications (based on difference in kind,
quantitative, geographical and chronological).
- defines tabulation.
- gives the objectives and components of tabulation.
- elaborates on the different types of tabulation
(i)simple and complex tables
(ii) general purpose and special purpose tables.
- explains graphical and diagrammatic representation.
- classifies diagrams (viz.)one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-
dimensional diagram, pie diagrams, pictograms and cartograms.
- classifies graphs(viz.) graphs of time series and graphs of frequency
distribution.
- describes the histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curves and ogives
or cumulative frequency curves.
Unit II
The student
- identifies and interprets the measures of central tendency and dispersion.
- defines mean, median and mode and predicts the differences between
them
- interprets the formulae for the calculation of the above and works out the
problems for statistical analysis.
- calculates mean, median, mode for individual, discrete and continuous
series.
- analyses their merits and demerits
- defines and differentiates the measures of dispersion
- interprets the standard error.
- calculates range, mean-deviation and standard deviation for individual,
discrete and continuous series.
- analyses their merits and demerits.
Unit III
The Student
- defines correlation and co-efficient of correlation.
- calculates Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient from the given data.
- differentiates positive and negative correlation
- identifies the use of Spearman’s rank correlation co-efficient.
- calculates Spearman’s correlation co-efficient from the data.
- defines regression.
- obtains the two regression equations.
Unit IV
The Student
- describes the basic idea of significance test.
- elaborates the steps in Tests of Hypothesis.
- explains sampling distribution and standard error.
- describes the tests of significance for attributes.
- elaborates the tests of significance for large and small samples.
- describes the application of the t-distribution.
- defines chi-square test.
- explains characteristics and uses of chi-square test.
- describes the chi-square test for goodness of fit.
- uses chi-square test to assess the correctness of the hypothesis.
- explains the application of computer in statistics.
- classifies Theoretical distributions (viz.) Normal ,Binomial &Poisson
distributions.
- states the characteristics, conditions and constants of Normal and
Binomial distribution.
Unit V
The Student
- defines probability, an event , independent and dependent events,
- explains permutation and combination
- explains the types and measures of probability
- defines ANOVA and its types
- explains the steps involved in ANOVA(one way only)
- explains the concept and applications of SPSS and MATLAB
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HOLYCROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 2
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER – V
NON MAJOR ELECTIVE 1: FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
CODE:U14BC5NMT01
SPECIFIC OUT COME OF LEARNING
Unit – I
The student
- distinguishes between first aid & medical aid
- understands the ABC rule of first aid
- learns the values of first aid training
- understands the priorities of first aid
- understands the procedures of casuality assessment
- learns the general direction for a first aider during problematic
situations (incident management)
- defines first aid
- explains the role of first aider
- explain the general management and care of patient
Unit – II
- explains the causes, signs, symptoms and management of
unconsciousness
- differentiates the symptoms of diabetic coma and over dosage of insulin
- gives the cause and management steps for diabetic complications
- defines heat stroke, heat exhaustion and sun stroke
- explains the signs and symptoms of thermal illness
- learns how to assess and manage the patient during the following
incidents viz., anaphylactic reactions, Asthma and Epilepsy
- defines rule of nine
- mentions the different causes of burns
- demonstrates the steps involved in rescuing and managing a person
caught in fire
Unit – III
- defines wound
- classifies wounds viz, abrasions, incision, contusions, laceration,
punctures, gun shot wounds
- understands the complications of wounds viz., bleeding & infection
- classifies bleeding viz., internal & external bleeding
- explains the aim of first aid & management of major external bleeding
– viz protruding bone in a bleeding wound
- explains the aim & management of first aid given during severe internal
bleeding – viz., skull, scalp, face, eye, ear, nose tooth, palm, abdominal,
crush injury, blast injury, stove in chest & whiplash injury and stab
wound
- lists indirect methods of stopping hemorrhage using pressure points
- learns about the type, signs & symptoms, management of bones
fractures (skull spine, ribs, breast bone, shoulder bone, upper limb,
pelvis, lower limb
- comments on signs symptoms first aid for injuries to muscles & joints
- learns the methods of poisoning
- acquires a basic knowledge on common poisons & first aid to be given
for the same
- learns about the aim and management of snake bite, dog bites, stings of
mites, ticks, bees, wasps.
- differentiates drug misuse, drug abuse, drug dependence
- learns about the effects and first aid to be given for drug abuse using
alcohol, depressants, Hallucinogens, inhalants, narcotics
- understands the various manifestations of cold exposure & the first aid
to be given for the same
- understand the various effects of heat exposure in our body viz., heat
stroke, cramps & exhaustion and the first aid to be given for the same
Unit – IV
- briefs out the points to be considered while reporting an accident
- elaborates how to assess & manage a causality with breathing and
cardiac emergencies
- describes cardiopulmonary resuscitation process, oxygen therapy and
defibrillation
- describes signs, symptoms, causes, management & prevention of
common describes the different types of dressing and bandages
- gastro intestinal illness – Cholera, Diarrhea
- describes the considerations to be taken during altitude increase
Unit – V
- learns about the general tools & contents of a first aid kit
- gains knowledge about first aid rooms and equipment
- briefs out the first aid measures involved in cleaning of wounds