Homeostasis and the adaptations that allow it!

The ability to maintain a stable, internal environment is called HOMEOSTASIS

All organisms must be able to maintain homeostasis the same

way humans doThey do this by:• Body organization (organ systems working

together)• Physical adaptations (birds have wings that

allow them to fly)• Behavioral adaptations (bears hibernate

during the winter when food is scarce)

Requirements for Maintaining Homeostasis

• An organisms must be able to sense changes in the external and internal environments

• It must be able to respond to those changes with appropriate adjustments

Homeostasis involves the coordinated regulation of the body’s systems

• Homeostasis is the body’s balancing act • Assuring that internal conditions in the body remain

within normal limits• Healthy = Homeostasis = Balanced

Human Body Systemsworking together…

• Explain how these two body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in humans:

and

Human Body System Work Together

Body Systems How do they work together?Skeletal

andMuscular

Human Body System Work Together

Body Systems How do they work together?Skeletal

andMuscular

The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment.

Respiration & The Human Body Systems

DigestiveRespiratory CirculatoryAll Body

Cells Excretory

Food EnergyOxygen Wastes

Oxygen GlucoseATP

(Energy)Carbon dioxide + Water

+

+

+

+

Respiratory System

• Brings oxygen into the body

Digestive System

• Digests food – breaks it down into smaller nutrient molecules

• Absorbs nutrient molecules into the bloodstream

Circulatory Systems

• Transports substances, such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide throughout the body

All Body Cells

• Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration

• Occurs in all body cells• ATP = stored energy• Some cells need more

energy than others. – Which ones?

Muscle Cells

Excretory System

• Removes wastes:– Lungs* – carbon dioxide

and water– Kidneys – urea and

water– Skin – perspiration

(water & chemical wastes)

*part of cellular respiration process

Human Body System Work Together

Body Systems How do they work together?Skeletal

andMuscular

Digestiveand

Excretory

Circulatoryand

Respiratory

Human Body System Work Together

Body Systems How do they work together?Skeletal

andMuscular

The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment.

Digestiveand

Excretory

The digestive system breaks down food, and the excretory system removes wastes from the digestion process.

Circulatoryand

Respiratory

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body for cellular respiration, and the circulatory system carries that oxygen to cells. At the end of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste. The circulatory system carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, and the respiratory system removes it from the body.

1. What two systems work together to help kick a soccer ball?

A. Digestive and RespiratoryB. Circulatory and RespiratoryC. Skeletal and MuscularD. Nervous and Excretory

2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the

body?• Lungs• Kidneys• Brain• Skin• Bicep• Adrenal Gland

2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the

body?• Lungs• Kidneys• Brain• Skin• Bicep• Adrenal Gland

3. What two systems work together to supply the cells with nutrients from the foods we eat.

A. Nervous and DigestiveB. Digestive and RespiratoryC. Digestive and CirculatoryD. Circulatory and Respiratory

toad

Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the

wild?

Animals have certain adaptations that help

them to survive.

Adaptations

Adaptations- a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its habitat.

We can separate adaptations into two categories:

Physical

AND

Behavioral

A

D

A

P

T

A

T

I

O

N

S

Physical adaptations

are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself,

and to reproduce its species.

Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.

Hey! I’m a walking

stick. I look just like a

stick you’d find on the

ground.

© A. Weinberg

Physical adaptation

Camouflage use of color to blend in with surroundings

The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings.

Did you see…

a Cheetah? an Owl? an Octopus?

CamouflageProtective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.

Mimicry the ability of some creatures to imitate others,

either by sound or appearance for protective purposes

Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living

organism)

The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?

Poisonous

Not poisonous

Physical adaptation

I’m the Monarch!

I’m the Viceroy!

Chemical defenses- Uses chemicals to warn off or

confuse predators (like venom, ink, sprays)

Physical adaptation

Warning Coloration

Conspicuously recognizable markings of an animal that serve to warn potential predators of the nuisance or harm that would come from attacking or eating it. The bold patterns of skunks and the bright colors of poison arrow frogs are examples of warning coloration.

Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)

Physical adaptations

The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick

things up.

Now let’s learn about

Behavioral Adaptations…

Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to

life needs.

Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of

different actions.

Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.

Remember that Physical Adaptations are body

structures.

We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:

Innate Learned

These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to

be learned. Carried by genes

and are inherited.

These behaviors must be learned

or taught through

observations and experience.

Innate behaviors happen

naturally & don’t need to

be learned

=

Finding shelter

Methods of gathering & storing food

Defending oneself

Raising young

Hibernating

Migrating

Hibernation:is a state of inactivity in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and/or lower metabolic rate

Foraging- Storing up food for seasons when food is scarce.

May gain weight before hibernating.

Migration- Seasonal movements of organisms due to food availability or climate changes.

Learned behaviors

Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be

passed on to the next generation

except by teaching.

=

Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.

Behavioral Adaptations can beInstinctive or Learned.

Natural SelectionOrganisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce

Therefore, well adapted organisms will pass on beneficial adaptations to their offspring!

Being tan is a characteristic that helps the beetle survive,

ITS AN ADAPTATION!

Natural Selection

Over time an adaptation will become more abundant in a population because it helps with survival.

Frog

Frog Anatomy and Adaptations

Tympanic Membrane Hind legs (jumping legs)

Webbed Toes

External Nares

Nictitating Membrane

Forelimb

Anterior Posterior

Nictitating Membrane

External Nares

Maxillary Teeth

Vomerine Teeth

Internal Nares

Glottis

Esophagus

TongueEustachian Tubes

Now list some physical adaptations that the frog has that help it live in its

environment

Anus

Cloaca

Large IntestinesKidney

Ureter

Stomach

Liver GallbladderPancreas

Small Intestines

Esophagus