Homeostatic Regulation of

Blood Calcium and Blood Glucose

Part 1. Regulation of Blood Glucose

(“Sugar”)

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations

Slide 2

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 3

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 4

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

Increased rate ofglucose transportinto target cells

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 6

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

Increased rate ofglucose transport

into target cell

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

Increased conversionof glucose to glycogen(liver, skeletal muscle)

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 7

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

Increased rate ofglucose transport

into target cell

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

Increased conversionof glucose to glycogen(liver, skeletal muscle)

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 9

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

Increased rate ofglucose transport

into target cell

Blood glucoseconcentration

declines

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels

HOMEOSTASISRESTOREDHOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl)

Increased conversionof glucose to glycogen(liver, skeletal muscle)

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 10

HOMEOSTASISNormal glucose

levels(70-110 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 11

HOMEOSTASISNormal glucose

levels(70-110 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

Alpha cellssecrete

glucagon

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 12

HOMEOSTASISNormal glucose

levels(70-110 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

Increased breakdownof glycogen to glucose(liver, skeletal muscle)

Alpha cellssecrete

glucagon

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 14

HOMEOSTASISNormal glucose

levels(70-110 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

Increased breakdownof glycogen to glucose(liver, skeletal muscle)

Increased synthesisand release ofglucose (liver)

Alpha cellssecrete

glucagon

Blood glucoseconcentration

rises

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 15

HOMEOSTASISNormal glucose

levels(70-110 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

Increased breakdownof glycogen to glucose(liver, skeletal muscle)

Increased synthesisand release ofglucose (liver)

Alpha cellssecrete

glucagon

Blood glucoseconcentration

rises

PANCREAS

SE 10-14 The Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations Slide 16

Beta cellssecreteinsulin

Increased rate ofglucose transport

into target cell

Blood glucoseconcentration

declines

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising bloodglucose levels HOMEOSTASIS

RESTOREDHOMEOSTASIS

Normal glucoselevels

(70-110 mg/dl) HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Declining bloodglucose levels

Increased breakdownof glycogen to glucose(liver, skeletal muscle)

Increased synthesisand release ofglucose (liver)

Alpha cellssecrete

glucagon

Blood glucoseconcentration

rises

Increased conversionof glucose to glycogen(liver, skeletal muscle)

PANCREAS

PANCREAS

Part 2. Regulation of Blood Calcium (Ca 2+)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations

Slide 2

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 3

Thyroid glandproduces

Calcitonin, a hormone

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 4

Thyroid glandproducescalcitonin

Increased excretionof calciumin kidneys

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 5

Thyroid glandproducescalcitonin

Increased excretionof calciumin kidneys

Calcium deposition inbone

Blood calciumlevels drop

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 6

Thyroid glandproducescalcitonin

Increased excretionof calciumin kidneys

Calcium deposition inbone

Blood calciumlevels drop

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood

HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 7

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations

Slide 8

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 9

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Release of storedcalcium from bone

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 10

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Release of storedcalcium from bone

IncreasedRe-absorption

of calcium in kidneys

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 11

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Release of storedcalcium from bone

IncreasedRe-absorption

of calcium in kidneys

Increased Ca2+

absorption bydigestive tract

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

Blood calciumlevels

increase

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 12

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Release of storedcalcium from bone

Increasedreabsorption

of calcium in kidneys

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

Blood calciumlevels

increase

Increased Ca2+

absorption bydigestive tract

SE 10-10 The Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations Slide 1

Thyroid glandproducescalcitonin

Increased excretionof calciumin kidneys

Calcium deposition inbone (inhibitionof osteoclasts)

Uncertain significancein a healthy

nonpregnant adult

Blood calciumlevels decline

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Rising calciumlevels in blood

HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASIS

Normal calciumlevels

(8.5-11 mg/dl)

HOMEOSTASISRESTORED

HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED

Falling calciumlevels in blood

Release of storedcalcium from bone

(stimulation ofosteoclasts, inhibition

of osteoblasts)

Enhancedreabsorption

of calcium in kidneys

Stimulation ofcalcitriol production

at kidneys;enhanced Ca2+, PO4

3-

absorption bydigestive tract

Parathyroidglands secrete

parathyroidhormone (PTH)

Blood calciumlevels

increase