HONORS BIOLOGY · Web viewYeast BIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE KINGDOMS: FUNGI DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA Characteristics: Reproductive structures form club (mushroom)-like fruiting bodies

BIOLOGYCLASSIFICATION GUIDE

KINGDOMS

MONERACharacteristics:

ProkaryoticUnicellular or colonialAutotrophic or heterotrophicMicroscopic

PROTISTACharacteristics:

Unicellular or colonialAutotrophic or hetertrophicEukaryotic

FUNGICharacteristics:

Unicellualar or multicellularSaprophytic or parasiticEukaryotic

PLANTAECharacteristics:

MulticellularAutotrophicEukaryotic

ANIMALIACharacteristics:

MulticellularHeterotrophicEukaryotic

BiologyClassification Guide

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KINGDOMS: FUNGICharacteristics:

Unicellular or multicellularSaprophytic or parasiticEukaryotic

DIVISION MYXOMYCOTACharacteristics:

Fungus-like but with protist-like stagesLarge with plasmodial stages

Nutrition:Saprophytic

Life cycle:Alternation of generations

Common names:Slime mold

DIVISION ASCOMYCOTACharacteristics:

Sac-like reproductive structures

Nutrition:Saprophytic or parasitic

Life cycle:Asexual - budding

Common names:Sac fungiYeast


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KINGDOMS: FUNGI

DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTACharacteristics:

Reproductive structures form club (mushroom)-like fruiting bodies

Nutrition:Some parasitic, mostly saprobes

Life cycle:Varies

Common names:Puffballs, mushrooms

DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTACharacteristics:

Have rhizoids & hyphae

Nutrition:Mostly saprobes

Life cycle:Sexual & asexual

Common names:Common bread mold


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KINGDOM: PLANTAECharacteristics:

EukaryoticMulticellularAutotrophic

DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA – Brown algaeCharacteristics:

Color caused by fucoxanthansMostly marineMay have “air” bladders and holdfasts“Kelp”

DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA – Green algaeCharacteristics:

Color caused by chlorophyllFilamentous or sheet-like

DIVISION BRYOPHYTA – Mosses or liverwortsCharacteristics:

AmphibiousNo true “roots”No true “stems”

DIVISION CONIFEROPHYTA – Cone bearing non-flowering plantsCharacteristics:

Needle-like leavesNo fruit enclosed seedsCones

DIVISION ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA – Flowering plantsCharacteristics:

Sex organs in flowers


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIACharacteristics:

MulticellularHeterotrophicEukaryotic

PHYLUM PORIFERACharacteristics:Two layersAquaticReproduce asexually and sexually

Body symmetry: Asymmetry

Habitat:Aquatic

Feeding method:Filter feeder

Common names:Sponges

PHYLUM CNIDARIACharacteristics:AquaticTwo cell layersPolyps and medusae

Body symmetry:Radial

Habitat:Aquatic

Feeding method:Tentacles with nematocysts capture food and move it to mouth

Common names:Jellyfish, hydra, anemone


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM PLATYHELMENTHESCharacteristics:FlatwormsThree layers of cellsBilateral symmetry

Class TurbellariaCharacteristics:Free-living

Feeding method:One-way digestive system with pharynx

Common names:Planaria

Class TrematodaCharacteristics:Parasitic

Feeding method:One-way digestive system

Common names:Fluke

Class CestodaCharacteristics:Sectioned bodyNo digestive system

Feeding method:Absorb host food

Common names:Tapeworm


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM NEMATODACharacteristics:Body cavityTwo-way digestive system

Body symmetry:Bilateral

Habitat:Most free-livingSome parasitic


Common names:Roundworm

PHYLUM ANNELIDACharacteristics:Has coelomSegmentationAdvanced organ systemMost have setae

Body symmetry:Bilateral

Habitat:Terrestrial and aquatic


Common names:Earthworm, leech


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM MOLLUSCACharacteristics:Mostly marineMost have a shellVery advance organ system

Class GastropodaCharacteristics:One shell, only terrestrial mollusk

Habitat:Mostly aquatic, some terrestrial

Common names:Snail

Class PelecypodaCharacteristics:Two shells No distinct head section

Habitat:Aquatic

Common names:Scallop, clam, mussel

Class CephalopodaCharacteristics:Very advance nerve system,

Method of movement:“Jet” propulsion with siphon

Common names:Squid, octopus, nautilus


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATACharacteristics:Endoskeleton, “spiny” skinWater-vascular systemMost have tube feetNo circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systemsNervous system but no brain

Body symmetry:Pentamerous radial symmetry

Habitat:Marine

Method of movement:Water-pump system with tube feet

Common names:Sea urchin, starfish, basket star


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM ARTHROPODACharacteristics:Exoskeleton made of chitin, must molt to growJointed appendagesSegmented bodyVentral nervous system, open circulatory system, specialized sensory receptors

Class ArachnidaCharacteristics:Two major body sectionsSilk production, terrestrialBody plan:Two major body sectionsEight legs

Common names:Spiders

Class CrustaceaCharacteristics:Single body section

Habitat:Aquatic (mostly)

Body plan:Single body section (carapace)

Common names:Crab, lobster, pill bug, sow bug, barnacles

Class InsectaCharacteristics:Largest class, breath through spiracles

HabitatTerrestrial

Body plan:Three sections with six legs

Common names:Insects


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIAPHYLUM CHORDATA

Characteristics:A notochord or dorsal rod of specialized cellsA dorsal nerve cordPharyngeal pouches

SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATACharacteristics:Non-moving, solitary or colonialFilter feeders

Common names: Sea squirts

SUBPHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATACharacteristics:Marine dwellingFilter feeders

Common names: Lancet, amphioxus

SUBPHYLUM VERTABRATACharacteristics:Have bones or cartilage surrounding the dorsal nerve cord

Common names: Any organism with a backbone


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CLASS CONDRICHTHYESCharacteristic:Skeleton of cartilageMostly marineHas placoid scales

Number of chambers in the heart: 2

Adaptations:Saltwater: Have special mechanisms for excreting excess salt

Freshwater: Excretes excess water

Common names:Sharks, rays, skates

CLASS OSTEICHTHYESCharacteristic:Bony internal skeletonScaly skin, Fins


Adaptations:Saltwater: See above

Freshwater: See above

Common names: Fish, fishy, red fish, blue fish, one fish, two fish


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CLASS AMPHIBIACharacteristic: Change from aquatic larval stage to terrestrialMoist, smooth skin with no scales, Feet (if present) webbedUse gills, lungs, skin, in respiration, Larvae have 2 chamber hearts/adults 3Eggs lack membrane or shell, fertilized externallyCold blooded

Number of chambers in the heart: 2 in larvae/3 in adult

Adaptations: Behavioral=burying in mud to stay at correct temp.HibernationLay eggs in or near water

Common names for order:Anura: Frogs and toads

Urodela: Salamanders and others with tails

Common names: Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts

CLASS REPTILIACharacteristic: Aminote eggWaterproof skinSpecially modified feet, Specialized circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systemsExothermic

Number of chambers in the heart: Mostly 3, alligators and crocodiles have 4

Adaptations: Aminote egg, internal fertilization, dry body with scales, limbs for movement

Common names for order:Squamata: Lizards and snakes

Chelonia: Turtles

Common names:Biology

Classification GuidePage 13



CLASS AVESCharacteristic: Body covered with feathers, Bones thin and hollowMost winged for flight, Two hind limbs for support, Beak, 4 chamber heartAmniote eggs with hard shell, Most incubate shell in nestEndothermic


Adaptations: EndothermicHard shellHollow, light bonesFlight

Common names:

CLASS MAMMALIACharacteristic: Endothermic, Hair, 4 chambers in heartA muscle to help breath (diaphragm)Single jawbone and four different types of teethViviparous, Mammary glands for milk secretionWell-developed brain


Adaptations: See above

Common names:


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KINGDOM: ANIMALIAPHYLUM CHORDATACLASS: MAMMALIA

Characteristics: Endothermic, Hair, 4 chambers in heartA muscle to help breath (diaphragm)Single jawbone and four different types of teethViviparous, Mammary glands for milk secretionWell-developed brain

Characteristics of order:Rodnetia: Only two incisors in jaw

Common names: Rodents, rats, mice

Chiroptera: Modified forelimb with membrane for flightEcho location

Common names: Bats

Carnivora: Long canine teeth, strong jaws, clawed toesUsually have good sense of smell and sight

Common names: Dogs, cats, lions and tiger and bears, oh my!

Artiodactyla: Hoofed animals with even number of toes

Common names: Deer, elk, bison, moose, cows, sheep, goats, pigs

Primates: Omnivores, Complex brain

Common names: Donnie, Rylee, Kevin, Roxanne, Alina, Matt, AmandaTania, Melissa, Frank, David, Ape, Tarzan, Chimp


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HONORS BIOLOGY · Web viewYeast BIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE KINGDOMS: FUNGI DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA Characteristics: Reproductive structures form club (mushroom)-like fruiting bodies