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Hontomín Site (Spain)
Andrés Pérez-Estaún
Preparation of CO2 injection in a deep saline aquifer
Hontomín TDP, Spain
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein
Ponferrada
Ayoluengo
Hontomín
Burgos
Hontomín TDP
LEVA
HUERMECES
The target reservoir is a saline aquifer set in Early Jurassic (Lias) carbonates, around 150 m thick and 1500m deep. The structure is dome-like structure folds during Cretaceous. The sequence is dolomitized and is highly porous in the basal “Carniolas Unit”, therefore envisaged as injection level. The main seal is formed by more than 200 m of interlayered Early to Middle Jurassic marlstones and marly limestones.
Hontomín stra.graphy
Target reservoir: Saline aquifer set in a small dome-shape marine limestone from the Early Jurassic (Lias).
Seal: Interlayered marlstones and marly limestones from the Early to Middle Jurassic (Lias and Dogger).
Secondary seal: Weald (Early Cretaceous): Small detritic channels and siltites from flood plains .
The small dome-like structure is easy for monitoring.
Saline Aquifer (≈1450m depth)
TDP Characteriza.on 2009-‐2011
Geological and structural mapping Petrophysical studies 3D seismics Structural studies Electromagne.c survey 3D High resolu.on gravimetry 3D geological model
Cenozoic
Bureba,marginal Facies
Bureba Facies
Carcedo Facies
Alluvial deposits
Upper Cretaceous
Limestones, dolomi?c limestones and marls
Strongly dolomi?zed Sandy and marly limestones
Geomodels-U.Barcelona
Pre-existing boreholes
-‐ CartograCa 1:5.000 de Hontomín -‐ CartograCa 1:25.000 de Mataporquera -‐ CartograCa 1:25.000 de Poza de la Sal
Litoestra?graCa del Lias del W de la Cuenca Vasco-‐
Cantábrica (U. País Vasco)
Regional studies of reservoirs and seals of te Basque-Cantabrian basin
A la izquierda; personal de GEA asesoría geológica durante la perforación de una formación detrítica (Fm. Escucha) presente en los alrededores de Aguilar de Campoó. A la derecha, general y detalle de las carniolas retienses (Fm. Puerto de la Palombera) muestreadas en Bercedo. Representan uno de los potenciales almacenes de la PDT (GEA-CIEMAT).
Secuencia de cartografiado de componentes petrográficos a u?lizar en las rocas almacén y sello (Berrezueta, 2004) (IGME)
Programa de Almacenamiento Geológico de CO2
2 orthogonal profiles with 3-‐componenet sensors.
3D seism
ic survey
3D seismic survey Seismic baseline
3D 2D 3-‐components
• Detailed characteriza?on of the tectonic structure of the poten?al injec?on zone.
• Determine the geometry of the reservoir.
• Es?mate physical and mechanical proper?es of the reservoir and seal layers.
N
W E
S
Acquisi?on area ~35 km2
Receivers 6 (10 Hz)
Receivers distance 25 m
No. Inlines 463
Inline distance 250 m
No. Crosslines 431
Crosslines distance 275 m
Fold/bin (CDP) 36
Vibroseis M221 4 * 15 Tn
Sweep 16 seg.
Pop-‐shot 3 * 1.5 kg
Vibración/shot distance
25 m
3D seismic
Top of the reservoir (TWT)
Geological model 3D
Geomodels-UB, 2011
3-D Seismics
Top Lower Cret.
Top Weald
Top Jurassic reservoir
Top Anhidrític Unit
Top Keuper
IGME 2011
Gravimetry and High resolu.on gravimetry
IGME
AREA 4 x 3 km2
Geoelectrical studies conducted in Hontomin
MT sites 2D profile Geomodels, U. Barcelona
Marquez & Jurado, 2011. ICTJA-CSIC
Data from pre-existing boreholes
Three levels in the reservoir with porosity ranking from 10 to 17%
There are three permeable levels: permeability of the top level is around 3. 10-13 m2 ; the two lower ones are one order of magnitude less permeable (permeability estimates from brine production)
Marquez & Jurado, 2011. ICTJA-CSIC
Fidel Granda, 2011
Salmuera en calízas jurásicas de Hontomin
Monitoring main objectives: • CO2 plume tracking • CO2-reservoir reactivity • Seal integrity • Storage efficiency • Trapping quantification • Verification & Calibration of predictive models • Induced seismicity. • Well integrity • Leakages? • Public confidence
Monitoring issues that the TDP challenges: • Cost • Detection limits • Relevance • Resolution • Autonomy • Durability • Versatility
PIEZOMETRIC EVOLUTION
Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical characteriza.on
AITEMIN+ CIEMAT AITEMIN, 2010; CIEMAT, 2010
SONDEO GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 Cota emboquille: s.n.m. s.n.m. s.n.m.
Profundidad aprox. (m): 400 400 150
Objetivo: Fm. Utrillas Fm. Utrillas Falla Sur
Monitoring of shallow water aquifers. GW1, GW2, GW3 instrumented boreholes
AITEMIN, CIEMAT 2012
PRE-INJECTION Phase Gas Monitoring
- Estimation of the CO2 soil-flux baseline (and other trace gases) - Identification of potential leakage paths - Isotope studies of dissolved and free CO2
De Elio et al., 2011
De Lio et al., 2010. UPM-‐ Amphos 21 et al.
De Lio et al., 2010. UPM-‐ Amphos 21 et al.
Gas Monitoring Pre-‐injec.on Phase
• Estimation of the CO2 soil-flux baseline (and other trace gases)
• Isotope studies of dissolved and free CO2
Displacement Measures DInSAR -‐ exis.ng reflectors -‐ Hontomin
Ground-‐based SAR (GBSAR) + DInSAR
I Geomá?ca
Ground-Based SAR: HontomÍn Experiment Site: “potential moving area”
Stable Area
Ground-Based SAR: Hontomin
Legenda
Stable Corner Reflector
Moving Corner Reflector
GBSAR
S Sm
Stable area Deformation
L= 900m
400 m
Hontomin expected scheme
Goal: Assesement of Ecosystem Impact related to CO2 injec.on.
• Impact on different Biotopes; looking for Bioindicators • Iden.fica.on of best Bioindicators to introduce in Hontomín TDP
U. León, Amphos, AITEMIN, CIUDEN
PISCO2 project
Rhizosphere
Concrete liner
CO2 injec.on
Embedded sensors (T, pH)
Draining pump
Sampling tubes (CO2, CH4, O2)
Gas sampling Watering system
Piezometer
2.5 m
Injec.on grids
Top soil
Quartz sand
Gravel
0.5 m
1.7 m
0.3 m
4 m
• Long-term performance assessment and safety evaluation
Development of low cost & natural tools -biomonitoring-
to detect diffuse vents in Hontomín
U. León, Amphos, AITEMIN, CIUDEN
Modeling Predic?on vs Monitoring Data
Ac?ve Source Seismics
• 3D seismic
• 2D 3 Component Seismic Reflec?on Transects
• Seismic Tomography Model Grid of P & S waves veloci?es.
• Seismovie
• VSP (walk away, 3D, etc)
Monitoring Approaches
Passive Source & Advance Processing
• Microseismicity
• Noise Interferometry
• Virtual Sources • Adjoint Fullwaveform Tomography
Seismic Data acquisi.on Experiments
Seismic studies conducted in Hontomin
Geophones SERCEL DSU-‐3C 0-‐800 Hz
Receivers distance 25 m
Nº receivers / line 211
Total line length 5275 m
Sample rate 1 ms
Final ?me 4 ms
Seismic source (during 3D survey)
Vibroseis trucks 4 * 15 Tn
Explosives (Pop-‐shot) 3 * 0.15 kg
2D 3-‐components
• S-‐wave has higher frequency than P-‐wave:
=> S-‐wave has higher resolu?on than P-‐wave => S-‐images has higher resolu?on
• Fluids do not support shear stresses
=> Vs is sensible to the presence of fluids
• Tomography
Joint inversion for P and S travel-‐?me reduce ambiguity of the velocity model
Vs Vp
Registrate waves popaga.ng in 3 direc.ons => P and S waves
950 ms TWT
IJA-‐CSIC
IJA-‐CSIC
Seismovie
VSP
Permanent Seismic Network
Seismic for monitoring
Seismovie VSP Seismic Network
• Detect changes in physical and mechanical proper?es.
• Track the evolu?on of the injected gas/fluid.
• Distribu?on/diffusion of CO2, migra?on pathways.
• Induced seismic ac?vity
• microfractures characteriza?on
Forgues et al., 2006. IFP, CGG-Veritas, Gaz de France
Forgues et al., 2006. IFP, CGG-Veritas, Gaz de France
New Strategies and/or Developments in Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Geological Storage Reservoirs
• Microseismic time reversal imaging using microseismic events. Seismic records are propagated backwards in time (time reversal modelling) visualizing the development of the induced seismicity (Tromp et al., 2005; Larmat et al., 2006; 2008; Lokmer et al, 2009; Tape et al., 2009).
• High resolution noise interferometry. Extraction of body wave signals from noise records by using advanced analytical signal processing techniques (phase cross-correlation and time-frequency phase-weighted stacks (Vasconcelos et al. 2011; Schimmel et al., 2011)).
• Full-waveform inversion for obtaining a 3D Velocity Model using seismic tomography.
• Virtual Sources Methodology for seismic imaging monitoring (Bakulin, et al. 2007; Yu et al., 2009; Byun et al., 2010).
One day noise recordings 5 days January 2011
Autocorrela?on func?ons Using noise recordings
IJA-‐CSIC, Ugalde et al. 2011
Instrumentation: two ADU06, three ADU07 & one Phoenix-V8.
AREA 4 x 3 km2
Geoelectrical studies conducted in Hontomin
MT sites 2D profile Geomodels, U. Barcelona
2D geoelectrical model (MTD line)
Ogaya et al. 2010
Fault Well logging
Geomodels, U. Barcelona
Preliminar 3D geoelectrical model
RMS = 1.41
RMS = 1.41
Geomodels, U. Barcelona
Geomodels, U. Barcelona
A, B, C, D: exis?ng boreholes ANR-‐SEED project: BRGM, CCGVeritas, UB, CIUDEN
Cross hole ERT and LEMAN experiments
Scheme of the two receiver configurations considered. Red symbols correspond to the cross-shaped design and green symbols, to the circle-shaped one. The cross-shaped configuration is 2 * 2 parallel lines (3km long aprox.), 124 electrodes, buried 2m and 100m distance.
ANR-‐SEED project: BRGM, CCGVeritas UB CIUDEN
CSEM experiment
Gravimetry and High resolu.on gravimetry
IGME IGME, 2010
• Cemented Gravimetric pads
Geophysical Data sets acquired for the Baseline Characteriza?on
• 3D Seismic Reflec?on
• 2D 3 Component Seismic Reflec?on transects
• Seismic Tomography Model Grid of P & S seismic veloci?es
• Seismovie CGGVeritas
• VSP (programmed aser drilling phase)
• 3D Geoelectrical model
• Borehole Electromagne?c and Resis?vity baseline (programmed
aser drilling phase)
• Borehole logging (programmed aser drilling phase)
• High resolu?on Geodesy • High resolu?on Gravity
Geophysical Baseline Data
Hontomin monitoring plan: Key challenges
Major general challenges
• Sensi?vity analysis of base line datasets, what are the error bars in the baseline parameters
• Sensi?vity analysis of the datasets and parameters during and aser injec?on. Benchmarking of different methodologies
• Cost evalua?on
Specific challenges/topics in current development
• Joint inversion of geophysical data • Mul?seismic 4D imaging
High resolu?on noise interferometry
Time reversal imaging
Full wave-‐form inversion
• Electrical/CSEM methods for monitoring the CO2
• INSAR-‐GBSAR Methodologies
• Bio-‐indicators
Social Characteriza.on -‐ Social Acceptance Ac.vi.es with the Local Community of Hontomín
September 10th, 2011
Presentation of the Geological Storage project in Hontomín
“Learning Workshop for children”
“Bye, bye CO2”
Engagement in local festivals CIUDEN invited to
participate
Hontomín - Local Community Engagement in local festivals - CIUDEN invited to
participate
Public presentation about CIUDEN’s activities in Hontomín
on CO2 storage
Didactic and funny games for children on
easy CO2 properties and uses
Thank you