Upload
darleen-walker
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HOPEWELL PUBLIC SCHOOLSCARTER G. WOODON MIDDLE SCHOOL
MR. WHEAT – 7TH GRADE
United States GeographyA state is an example
of a political region. States may be grouped as part of different regions, depending upon the criteria used. Cities served as centers of trade & have political, economic, & cultural significance.
United States GeographyNortheastern
States – Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHYMidwestern States
– Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota
United States GeographySoutheastern Map
– Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas
United States GeographySouthwestern
States – Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona
United States GeographyRocky Mountain
States Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho
United States GeographyPacific States –
California, Oregon, Washington
United States GeographyNoncontiguous
States Alaska & Hawaii
United States GeographyNortheastern Cities –
New York City, New York
Boston, Massachusetts
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
United States GeographySoutheastern
Cities – Washington, D.C.
Atlanta, Georgia
New Orleans, Louisiana
United States GeographyMidwestern Cities Chicago, Illinois
St. Louis, Missouri
Detroit, Michigan
United States GeographySouthwestern
Cities San Antonio, Texas
Santa Fe, New Mexico
United States GeographyRocky Mountain
Western Cities
Denver, Colorado
Salt Lake City, Utah
United States GeographyPacific Cities
San Francisco, California
Los Angeles, California
United States GeographyNoncontiguous
Cities
Juneau, Alaska
Honolulu, Hawaii
GREAT PLAINSDuring the
nineteenth century (19th century) or 1800s, people’s perceptions & use of the Great Plains changed.
GREAT PLAINSTechnological
advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments.
Physical Features/Climate of the Great Plains
Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west.
Physical Features/Climate of the Great Plains
Land eroded by wind & water.
Physical Features/Climate of the Great Plains
Low rainfall
Physical Features/Climate of the Great Plains
Frequent Dust Storms
Physical Features/Climate of the Great Plains
Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Barbed wire – a type of fencing wire designed to keep animals in a confined space or area.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Steel Plows – used in farming to cultivate soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Dry farming – technique for cultivating land which receives little rainfall. This includes safeguarding water & conserving soil.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Sod houses – houses built using sod. Many people who lived on the Great Plains did not have wood or stone to construct normal homes.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Beef cattle raising – cattle raised for meat production.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Wheat farming – this type of farming required less water & grew well in the dryer soil of the Great Plains.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Windmills – used throughout the Great Plains to pump water from the ground & to provide power.
Inventions/Adaptations of the Great Plains
Railroads – linked the Atlantic & Pacific coasts & opened the vast interior to people who wanted to settle. The railroad made trade between different parts of the country easier, encouraging industrial & economic growth.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTAdvances in
transportation linked resources, products, & markets.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTRailroads were key
in developing industry. Railroads could reach interior areas, including places where an inadequate (not enough) water supply or rough terrain made canals impossible.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTA network of thirty
thousand (30,000) miles linked most of the nation’s major cities & towns because of the transcontinental railroad system.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTManufacturing areas
were clustered near centers of population & big cities.
Transportation of ResourcesNatural resources,
such as copper & lead, were moved by railroad to manufacturing centers to eastern factories & cities.
Transportation of ResourcesCopper & lead,
mined in New Mexico, Arizona, & Utah, was shipped by rail to eastern factories.
Transportation of Resources
Transportation of ResourcesIron ore deposits
were moved to sites of steel mills. In particular, many steel mills were built in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Transportation of ResourcesIn the mid to late
1800s, huge, easily mined deposits of high-grade iron ore were discovered in Michigan, Minnesota, & Wisconsin.
Transportation of ResourcesThe iron ore was
shipped by railroad to Pittsburgh, which by the mid-1860s, became the center for the emerging new steel industry.
Transportation of ResourcesThe need for
weapons in the Civil War gave a great boost to Pittsburgh’s iron & steel industry.
Transportation of ResourcesThe new Bessemer
process allowed iron & coal to be converted cheaply into steel, which was manufactured into a variety of products – form nails to rails.
Transportation of ResourcesTransporting finished
products to national markets were very important.
This refrigerator car, apart of the Transcontinental Railroad, led to the creation of national markets as products were shipped from city to city.
Transportation of ResourcesManufactured goods
moved by railroad from eastern factories to markets around the United States.
Transportation of ResourcesThe textile industry
was based in New England.
Transportation of ResourcesThe automobile
industry was based in Detroit, Michigan.
Transportation of ResourcesThe steel industry
was based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.