HopiHopiLet’s learn about their Let’s learn about their

culture, clothing, food, home, culture, clothing, food, home, beliefs, & lots more… beliefs, & lots more…

Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents Home……………………………………………….1 Home……………………………………………….1 Food/Farming……………………………………....2Food/Farming……………………………………....2 Culture……………………………………………....4Culture……………………………………………....4 Beliefs/Traditions…………………………………...6Beliefs/Traditions…………………………………...6 Tools………………………………………………..7Tools………………………………………………..7 Transportation……………………………………....8Transportation……………………………………....8 Clothing……………………………………………..9Clothing……………………………………………..9 Glossary……………………………………………11Glossary……………………………………………11 Bibliography………………………………………..12Bibliography………………………………………..12 Meet the Meet the

Author…………………………………….13Author…………………………………….13

HOMEHOMEThe Hopi tribe lived in what is now known as The Hopi tribe lived in what is now known as

Southwest, Arizona. They lived in pueblos, Southwest, Arizona. They lived in pueblos, that was built on either mesas or the sides that was built on either mesas or the sides of steep mountains. The pueblos were of steep mountains. The pueblos were made up of stones and mud, and then they made up of stones and mud, and then they used wood for the roofs. In order to get the used wood for the roofs. In order to get the wood for the roofs, they had to travel to get wood for the roofs, they had to travel to get the wood because where they lived, the the wood because where they lived, the desert didn’t provide much rain, so there desert didn’t provide much rain, so there were few trees that grewwere few trees that grew

Food/FarmingFood/FarmingTheir staple foods were maize, squash, and Their staple foods were maize, squash, and

beans. In order to be able to have those foods beans. In order to be able to have those foods as a staple food, they had to plant the crops at as a staple food, they had to plant the crops at the bottom of the mesa, because that’s where the bottom of the mesa, because that’s where they capture the most rainfall. They also had they capture the most rainfall. They also had to find underground springs to water the crops, to find underground springs to water the crops, another way to water the crops. Down at the another way to water the crops. Down at the mesa, they planted maize, bean, squash, mesa, they planted maize, bean, squash, cotton, tobacco and raised turkeys for meat.cotton, tobacco and raised turkeys for meat.

The Hopi tribe ate deer and antelope- which the The Hopi tribe ate deer and antelope- which the Hopi men hunted- fruits, bean, and squash. Hopi men hunted- fruits, bean, and squash. They added flavor to the recipes by adding nuts They added flavor to the recipes by adding nuts and herbs- which the Hopi women gathered.and herbs- which the Hopi women gathered.

Food (continued)Food (continued)

The tribes favorite recipes are hominy, The tribes favorite recipes are hominy, baked beans, soups, and different types of baked beans, soups, and different types of cornbread.cornbread.

CULTURECULTUREAs a part of the Hopi culture, men and women As a part of the Hopi culture, men and women

had separate jobs to fulfill.had separate jobs to fulfill.Men- The men had to govern homes, hunt for Men- The men had to govern homes, hunt for

deers and antelopes, and tend crops.deers and antelopes, and tend crops.The Hopi men didn’t have a lot of tasks as the The Hopi men didn’t have a lot of tasks as the

women, but men did have harder jobs.women, but men did have harder jobs.Women- The women had to care and own Women- The women had to care and own

property, cook, gather nuts, fruits, and property, cook, gather nuts, fruits, and herbs, and grind corn and then put them in herbs, and grind corn and then put them in containers, so that everyone had containers containers, so that everyone had containers with cornmeal in their houses- for when with cornmeal in their houses- for when there were droughts.there were droughts.

Culture (continued)Culture (continued)Women and men had different jobs, but Women and men had different jobs, but

they also did have jobs that were to they also did have jobs that were to be done by both genders. They both be done by both genders. They both traded with others their baskets and traded with others their baskets and pottery that they hand-crafted, they pottery that they hand-crafted, they sometimes traded through long-sometimes traded through long-distance. The Hopi tribe traded their distance. The Hopi tribe traded their things for copper bells, arrowheads, things for copper bells, arrowheads, shells, and salt. Their most important shells, and salt. Their most important trade item is salt because it was used trade item is salt because it was used to flavor food, preserve food for to flavor food, preserve food for droughts, and heal others.droughts, and heal others.

Beliefs/TraditionsBeliefs/TraditionsThe Hopi tribe believed in gods of the The Hopi tribe believed in gods of the

sun, rain, and earth. Their beliefs of sun, rain, and earth. Their beliefs of the gods was that the gods sent the gods was that the gods sent messages and went into their bodies messages and went into their bodies when they began to dance. They held when they began to dance. They held ceremonies that lasted at least 8 ceremonies that lasted at least 8 days, sometimes even longer, in days, sometimes even longer, in kivas. The ceremonies were focused kivas. The ceremonies were focused on weather and farming. The Hopi on weather and farming. The Hopi believed that a successful ceremony believed that a successful ceremony led to produce good harvest.led to produce good harvest.

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As a part of the Hopi tribe, some of the men had As a part of the Hopi tribe, some of the men had to do certain types of jobs that happened to do certain types of jobs that happened occasionally that dealt with tools.occasionally that dealt with tools.

Hunters used bows and arrows to hunt for their Hunters used bows and arrows to hunt for their food.food.

Warriors defended their territory against the Warriors defended their territory against the Spanish and the Navajo. When they fought, Spanish and the Navajo. When they fought, they either fired bows or fought with spears.they either fired bows or fought with spears.

The warriors and the hunters weren’t the only The warriors and the hunters weren’t the only ones who used tools, other Puebloan people of ones who used tools, other Puebloan people of the Hopi tribe used tools too.the Hopi tribe used tools too.

People who farmed, used spindles and looms for People who farmed, used spindles and looms for weaving cotton (and later on wool), but others weaving cotton (and later on wool), but others used drills for boring holes in turquoise and used drills for boring holes in turquoise and other beads that were used for jewelry.other beads that were used for jewelry.

TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATIONThe Hopi rarely traveled by river, they The Hopi rarely traveled by river, they

usually traversed by walking. They usually traversed by walking. They didn’t have horses at the time, so didn’t have horses at the time, so they used dogs instead. They put they used dogs instead. They put gears on the dogs called “travois” gears on the dogs called “travois” so that they could carry heavy loads.so that they could carry heavy loads.

ClothingClothingThe Hopi custom was that men and women The Hopi custom was that men and women

had different and separate clothing. As had different and separate clothing. As other tribes, some of the men wore feather other tribes, some of the men wore feather war bonnets, but the Hopi tribe didn’t.war bonnets, but the Hopi tribe didn’t.

Women wore knee length Mantas, it was Women wore knee length Mantas, it was fastened at the shoulder, leaving the left fastened at the shoulder, leaving the left shoulder bare.shoulder bare.

Men- breechcloths/ short kilts (men skirts), Men- breechcloths/ short kilts (men skirts), wore cloth headbands around forehead, wore cloth headbands around forehead, hair was in the style of homsoma.hair was in the style of homsoma.

But, in the 1900s things changed. The But, in the 1900s things changed. The Missionaries didn’t think that the women Missionaries didn’t think that the women weren’t being very modest, so the women weren’t being very modest, so the women began to wear blouses underneath began to wear blouses underneath Mantas. Mantas.

Clothing (continued)Clothing (continued)Things didn’t just change for the women, Things didn’t just change for the women,

it also change for the men. Men began it also change for the men. Men began to cut their hair at shoulder length, to cut their hair at shoulder length, some men still wore their hair in some men still wore their hair in homsoma.homsoma.

Men and women both wore deerskin Men and women both wore deerskin moccasins as shoes. At times, when moccasins as shoes. At times, when there were dances, women would paint there were dances, women would paint their shoes white and wrapped with their shoes white and wrapped with white deerskin around shin to wear as white deerskin around shin to wear as leggings.leggings.

Married women and unmarried women Married women and unmarried women would have different hairstyles to tell would have different hairstyles to tell the difference of them. Married women the difference of them. Married women would have their hair in 2 long pigtails, would have their hair in 2 long pigtails, while unmarried women would have while unmarried women would have their hair in elaborate butterfly whorls.their hair in elaborate butterfly whorls.

GlossaryGlossary

Kiva- underground places where the Kiva- underground places where the Hopi tribe have their ceremoniesHopi tribe have their ceremonies

Travois- a gear that is used on dogs to Travois- a gear that is used on dogs to carry heavy loadscarry heavy loads

Pueblo- a home for the hopi tribePueblo- a home for the hopi tribe Homsoma- the hairstyle of a Hopi Homsoma- the hairstyle of a Hopi

man, it’s shaped as the number eightman, it’s shaped as the number eight Mantas- cotton dresses the Hopi Mantas- cotton dresses the Hopi

woman worewoman wore

BibliographyBibliography www.bigorrin.orgwww.bigorrin.org 5th grade Social Study text 5th grade Social Study text

book book The Hopis A First American The Hopis A First American

Book Book

by: Virginia Driving Hawk by: Virginia Driving Hawk SneveSneve

Meet the AuthorMeet the Author

Name: Alannah Name: Alannah Nguyen-Dela CruzNguyen-Dela Cruz

Birthday: April 12, Birthday: April 12, 19991999

Family: 3 annoying Family: 3 annoying younger brothers younger brothers and momand mom

School: Sandburg School: Sandburg ElementaryElementary

Alannah