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ARCON - PN2/92083/2008Horia Hulubei NationalI tit t f Ph i d
Disinfestation by ionizingInstitute of Physics andNuclear Engineering
Disinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance forradiation: A chance for
future of archives
Ioan Valentin Moise1 Constantin Stanciu2 Catalina MihaelaIoan Valentin Moise , Constantin Stanciu , Catalina Mihaela Talasman2, Steluta Nisipeanu3, Zamfir Balan4
1 IFIN-HH – “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics an Nuclear Engineering2 CEPROHART SA – Pulp and Paper Research Institute3 “Alexandru Darabonţ” National Institute for Work Safety3 – Alexandru Darabonţ National Institute for Work Safety4 – Braila Museum
In the last century, the technological development produced huge quantities of written paper
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 2November 2009
To the preservation of useful information, part of this written paper went to archives
S f b t fSome of may become part of cultural heritage.
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 3November 2009
Workplace Mezophyles Hemolytic Temp R H
Work Safety in archives (Air contamination)1
Workplace(Law Court Archive)
Mezophyles germs
Hemolytic germs
Temp.ºC
R.H.%
A hi 1 2953 83 21 69Archive 1 2953 83 21 69
Archive 2 8746 87 21 69
Archive 3 2588 79 20 67Archive 3 2588 79 20 67
Archive 4 3228 78 21 68
Archive 5 1128 70 21 65Archive 5 1128 70 21 65
Archive 6 2598 72 20 67
Archive 7 4472 83 20 70
Archive 8 2576 61 21 67
1INCDPM, “Impactul agentilor biologici prezenti in arhive asupra securitatii si sanatatii in munca”, ARCON-9-083/2008.RIA I/2009
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 4November 2009
ARCON P j tARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008
“Disinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance for futureDisinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance for future of archives”
CO IFIN-HH RADIATION
PROCESSING P2 CEPROHART
PULP&PAPERP3 INCDPM
WORKSAFETYPULP&PAPER WORK SAFETY
CONSERVATION P4 Braila Museum
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 5November 2009
Paper has a limited life-time!The lifetime of newspaper is 1 day!p p y
Accelerating ageing does not give satisfactoryAccelerating ageing does not give satisfactory results - NIST study of paper ageing over 100 years (started in 2000!)( )
(Arnold 2000, ASTM Paper Aging Research Program, The American Inst. for Cons., The Paper Group Annual, Vol. XIX)
Paper is a food source for micro-organisms, insects, rodentsrodents.
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 6November 2009
Biological attack ...Insects
Religious book (XIX Century) from “Perspessicius” collection of Braila Museum
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 7November 2009
Biological attack ...Microorganisms
Book and magazines (XX Century) from “Perspessicius” collection -Braila Museum
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 8November 2009
Biological attack ...Rodents
Magazine (XX Century) from IFIF-HH archive
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 9November 2009
... coming after natural disasters ...
(Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln - 3 Martie2009)"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-
Restauration 10November 2009
( )
... coming after natural disasters ...
(Library of Colorado State University(Library of Colorado State University, July 28, 1997)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 11November 2009
... or bad storage conditions ...W. Horsley Gantt Collection, Medical archives of
Johns Hopkins University (1980):p y ( )“The materials, however, had been stored in a
dilapidated row house in Baltimore that was infesteddilapidated row house in Baltimore that was infested with insects, rodents, and dog and cat carcasses [ ] But what they found littered amongcarcasses.[…] But what they found littered among the rubbish (which also included stray car fenders and giant balls of string) [ ] “and giant balls of string) […]
(Sinco, P., The Use of Gamma Rays in Book Conservation, Nuclear News April 2000 38-40)Nuclear News, April 2000, 38 40)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 12November 2009
... or bad storage conditions ...
IFIN-HH archive
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 13November 2009
ARCON P j tARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008
Goals:Goals:- To establish a method of bio-decontamination appropriate for the conservation of documents from archives and cultural heritagearchives and cultural heritage - To provide the archive owner with a decisional instrument regarding the action for eliminating theinstrument regarding the action for eliminating the bio-contamination
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 14November 2009
ARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008
Issues:
- Radiation dose
- Archive evaluation
- Effects of ionizing radiations on paper
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 15November 2009
ARCON Project
Steps:PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008Steps:
I. Preliminary testsy- Phisical and chemicl tests on “reference” paper irradiated
in a large dose interval (IFIN-HH, CEPROHART SA)g ( , )- Study of endo- amd exogen factors affecting the ageing of
paper (CEPROHART SA)p p ( )- Identification and evaluation of work safety risks
(INCDPM). Bioburden tests (INCPM, IFIN-HH)- Archive evaluation, sampling, conditioning of samples
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 16November 2009
ARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008
II T ti i t l b t hII. Testing over an experimental batch- Phisical and chemical tests on paper from archives and
l ti i di t d i th d i t l i t t (IFINcolections irradiated in the dose interval on interest (IFIN-HH, CEPROHART)Bioburden tests on samples from archives and collections- Bioburden tests on samples from archives and collections (INCDPM, IFIN-HH)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 17November 2009
ARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008
III. Testing over an extended batch- Irradiation of experimental batch (Perspesiciuss” Colection
of Braila Museum, IFIN-HH Archive)- Validation tests (VDmax - ISO 11137 method)- Post – irradiation tests
IV. Dissemination of the results- Communications, patents- Guidelines for the irradiation of archives
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 18November 2009
Radiation dose
“overkill” dose D10 – absorbed dose reducing bioburden by 10vs. reducing bioburden by 10
The purpose of the treatment is notThe purpose of the treatment is not sterilization, but reducing the bioburden to
t bl l lan acceptable level
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 19November 2009
Radiation resistance of microrganisms from archiveRadiation resistance of microrganisms from archive
paperpaper
y= 623.92e-3.8668x10000y
1000D 0 60
100C/m
l) D10=0.60
10N (U
FC
1
10N
10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Dose (kGy)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 20November 2009
( y
Archive evaluation
• Physicaly
Ch i l• Chemical
• Biological
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 21November 2009
Archive evaluation
Existing guidelines:
J. Havermans, P. Marres P. Defize, The Development of a Universal Procedure for Archiveof a Universal Procedure for Archive Assessment, Restaurator. Volume 20, Issue 1 Pages 48 55 19991, Pages 48–55, 1999
AFNOR Methode d’evaluation de l’etat physiqueAFNOR, Methode d evaluation de l etat physique des fonds d’archives and et des bibliotheques Norme Francaise NF-Z40-011 2005bibliotheques, Norme Francaise NF Z40 011, 2005
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 22November 2009
Radiation effects
scission of β glycoside bonds of cellulose
γ,e-
scission of β-glycoside bonds of cellulose
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 23November 2009
Archive evaluation
Major categories:Major categories:- Paper made up to 1806 (old paper)
Paper made bet een 1806 and1990 (acid- Paper made between 1806 and1990 (acid paper)
- Paper made after 1990 (permanent paper)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 24November 2009
ARCON Project
TG/DTA
Methods of investigationCC
TG/DTA + GC/MSFTIR RAMAN Deg ee of c stallinitDeg ee of c stallinit
Degree of polimeriationDegree of polimeriation
CO
RR
CO
RR
FTIR, RAMANMechanical
testing
Degree of crystallinityDegree of crystallinity
Mechanical & chemical propertiesMechanical & chemical properties
RE
LA
RE
LA
testingChemical
t ti Radiolysis productsRadiolysis products
Mechanical & chemical propertiesMechanical & chemical properties
AT
IOA
TIO
testingColour testing
y py pDegradation mechanism,Degradation mechanism,
ON
ON
ESRComputer modelling
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 25November 2009
Preliminary results :TENSILE TEST MD
50 Copier paper - high qualityC i l lit
1 4 0
20
30
40
50
F max
(N/m
m2 )
Copier paper - low qualityWhatman paper
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
WI E
313
0
10
0 20 40 60 80 100Dose (kGy)
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 00
2 0
4 0
D o s e [ k G y ]
SampleH2O % content
organic % content
inorganic % content
Whatman 42 2.5±2 97.5±2 0.00Copier low
quality 6±2 75±2 19±2Copier high
quality 4±4 77±4 19±1
(IFIN-HH, 2009)
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 26November 2009
Preliminary results:TENSILE - Old books
40
50MD
10
20
30
40
Fmax
(N) CD
TENSILE - 1923 book
0
10
Book 1881 (60.4g/m2)
Book 1923 (60.0g/m2)
Book 1940 (63.5g/m2)
Book1981 (49.4g/m2)
TENSILE 1923 book 10 sets of samples (each 10 pages)
30
40
50
(N)
MDCD
0
10
20
30
Fmax
(
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CEPROHART SA, 2009
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 27November 2009
Conclusions
• (HS-TD) + (GC-MS) => same VOC reported in literature. • Color changes are higher for artificially aged paper than for g g y g p pirradiated paper. Whatman paper is the most stable.• Free radicals depletion became stable 4 weeks after irradiation. • For doses lower than 10 kGy the results are hardly statistically discernable• Differences in vibrational spectra of copier paper and Whatman are very low.
C l ti f th i t i t d• Correlation of thermo-gravimetric parameters and mechanical properties.
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 28November 2009
Acknowlegments
ARCON TEAM is grateful to ANCS and UEFISCDI for financing the project (ctr. 92083/2008) and to IAEA for allowing international p j ( ) gcommunication and training in the frame of TC Project RER/8/015
"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 29November 2009