Hospital Charges For Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska 1996-2000

Hospital Charges For Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska 1996-2000

Ming Qu Prabhakar Dhungana

Nebraska Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES)

IntroductionMotor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are one of the top five leading causes of injury in Nebraska

Source: Nebraska 2001 ECODE File

Sheet4

Top 10 external causes of Injury in Nebraska, 2001

RankCauseRecords

TotalOutpatientInpatient

1Fall41,91437,3734,541

2Struck by, against22,19621,904292

3Unspecified15,49715,205292

4Motor vehicle traffic12,97411,8591,115

5Overexertion12,61612,445171

6Cut/pierce11,67311,524149

7Other specified and classifiable7,7307,577153

8Poisoning2,7431,990753

9Bites and sting2,7262,68838

10Hot object2,5162,45165

Top Ten132,585125,0167,569

%93.2193.4289.95

All Injury142,237133,8228,415

top ten


RankCauseRecords


1Fall41,91437,3734,541





6Cut/pierce11,67311,524149


8Poisoning2,7431,990753


10Hot object2,5162,45165

Top Ten132,585125,0167,569

%93.2193.4289.95

All Injury142,237133,8228,415

11112,3182,057261

1291,7861,73353

13121,2031,10598

1471,1881,088100

15191,1651,13233

16480672581

1721475369106

18628722958

191725422826

201011510312

212553718

All Injury284,567267,73716,920

Sheet1

Sum of NumberINPATIENT

CAUSEOutpatientInpatientGrand Totalcausetotal records

10A103121151010312115115

11A2057261231811205726123182318

12A11009811981211059812031203

12C551326883827262726

13A268838272614124451711261612616

14A124451711261615199075327432743

15A1319174149316219042922219622196

15B52052910491722826254254

15C1515020118757715377307730

16A19805216200211911323311651165

16B20407621161115241491167311673

16C595920152052921549715497

17A2122223421369106475475

17B14418237185555

17C2233737345414191441914

18A72441397383472581806806

18B33314347524516525162516

19A77719796622958287287

19B312123247108810011881188

19C4324581185911151297412974

1A112229011312917335317861786

1B29857355142237

1C426

20A1419726414461

20B32915344

20C67913692

21A369106475

2A351853

2B11

2C11

3A37344453441878

3B10212

3C19524

4A70377780

4B17421

4C55

5A2443652508

5B66

5C22

6A17026196

6B372663

6C22628

7A10881001188

8A11851111212963

8B729

8C112

9A1733531786

Grand Total1338228415142237

Chart1

41914

22196

15497

12974

12616

External Cause of Injury

Number of Records

Top Five Leading External Causes of Injury in Nebraka, 2001

Chart2

4541

1115

753

292

292

171

153

149

65

38

Top Ten Leading Extenal Cause of Injury for Inpatient in Nebraka, 2001

Sheet2


RankCauseRecords


1Fall41,91437,3734,541





6Cut/pierce11,67311,524149


8Poisoning2,7431,990753


10Hot object2,5162,45165

Top Ten132,585125,0167,569

%93.2193.4289.95

All Injury142,237133,8228,415

Fall4,541

Motor vehicle traffic1,115

Poisoning753

Struck by, against292

Unspecified292

Overexertion171

Other specified and classifiable153

Cut/pierce149

Hot object65

Bites and sting38

TOT1

CAUSEINPATIENTNumber

10A0103

10A112

11A02057

11A1261

12A01100

12A198

12C05

13A02688

13A138

14A012445

14A1171

15A01319

15A1174

15B0520

15B1529

15C0151

15C150

16A019805

16A1216

16B02040

16B176

16C059

17A0212

17A122

17B014

17B14

17C02

18A07244

18A1139

18B0333

18B114

19A0777

19A119

19B0312

19B112

19C043

19C12

1A011222

1A190

1B0298

1B157

1C04

1C12

20A014197

20A1264

20B0329

20B115

20C0679

20C113

21A0369

21A1106

2A035

2A118

2B01

2C01

3A037344

3A14534

3B010

3B12

3C019

3C15

4A0703

4A177

4B017

4B14

4C05

5A02443

5A165

5B06

5C02

6A0170

6A126

6B037

6B126

6C022

6C16

7A01088

7A1100

8A011851

8A11112

8B07

8B12

8C01

8C11

9A01733

9A153

142237

&A

Page &P

Introduction (Continued)MVCs result in significant economic costsAround $2 billion each year in NebraskaHowever very limited information was available about the financial outcomes of MVCsHospital charges represent the retail price for patient services before discountUsed to estimate actual costs

Objective

Help understand the factors which contribute to motor vehicle crashes- related health care costs to prioritize safety measures

MethodsNebraska CODES Data 1996-2000Motor vehicle crash records linked with hospital discharge recordsThis study includes: Records related to crashes involving cars, vans and light trucks; andRecords containing information on hospital charges

Methods (contd.)DescriptiveResponse variables Hospital chargesFactors Person specificAge, Gender, Restraint use, Driver conditionBody Part Injured Crash specificContributing human factors, Crash type, Posted speed limit

Overview of Study PopulationTotal number of patients (hospital charge>0) 31,574Patient typeInpatient 3,263 (10%)Outpatient 28,311 (90%)GenderFemale 18,278 (58%)Male 13,296( 42%)

Number of Patients (31,574)Total Hospital Charges (77,111,383)

T1-age&gender

Table 1. Hospital Charges by Gender and Age Group for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

PatientsHospital Charges

N%Mean $Median $Total

Sum $%

Gender

Male7,23442.12,81235620,339,23053.6

Female9,94857.91,77032617,607,39746.4

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Age

0-42691.61,701126457,4531.2

5-94292.51,273180546,1061.4

10-147174.21,5662701,122,6583.0

15-194,33425.21,8943148,207,82721.6

20-242,38313.91,8523304,413,74011.6

25-342,91216.91,6683324,857,38212.8

35-442,37113.82,1003654,979,95513.1

45-541,5018.72,6773864,017,98910.6

55-648555.02,6324002,250,7225.9

65-747254.24,4304103,211,5938.5

75 or older6864.05,6585733,881,20210.2

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet2

Table 2. Hospital Charges by Safety Belt Use for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998


Safety Belt UseN%Mean $Median $Total

Sum $%

Yes10,97963.91,48531116,304,94743.0

No5,22430.43,38340817,675,00146.6

Missing9795.74,0523753,966,67910.5

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet4

Table 3. Hospital Charges by Major Contributing Human Factor for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998


MAJOR CONTRIBUTINGN%Mean $Median $Total

HUMAN FACTORSum $%

NOT STATED5653.32,4653251,392,6973.7

TOO FAST OR SPEEDING2,30613.43,1994017,377,42619.4

BACKING UNSAFELY1160.73,484285404,1681.1

RAN SIGNAL OR SIGN2,13012.41,9103374,067,71610.7

FAILURE TO YIELD4,39325.61,8573258,155,72821.5

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE2,47814.46282911,557,2814.1

IMPROPER TURN2981.71,760317524,3871.4

IMPROPER SIGNALING270.22,39128664,5630.2

WRONG WAY (ONE-WAY)310.23,19948899,1620.3

IMPROPER LANE CHANGE1330.81,168326155,4070.4

DROVE LEFT OF CENTER6033.56,1605423,714,2549.8

EVASIVE ACTION7944.62,6483452,102,4945.5

IMPROPER OVERTAKING1951.11,739328339,1730.9

IMPROPER LOADING110.11,72034118,9250.0

NONE9745.72,5273382,461,5886.5

OTHER2,12812.42,5903825,511,65814.5

TOTAL17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet5

Table 5. Hospital Charges by Driver Condition for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

DRIVER CONDITIONPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

NOT STATED1470.94,098368602,3741.6

NORMAL14,41883.91,54531722,273,30458.7

FATIGUE_ASLEEP2061.24,310609887,9332.3

ILLNESS850.510,1741,490864,7912.3

DRINKING1,2337.25,8597367,224,53819.0

ILLEGAL DRUG130.12,23847229,0930.1

MEDICATION320.22,48053979,3680.2

UNKNOWN9415.55,7744545,433,35814.3

OTHER720.43,097663222,9950.6

MISSING350.29,396967328,8720.9

TOTAL17182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet6

Table 6. Hospital Charges by Body Part Injured for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

BODY PARTS INJUREDPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

HEAD3,52120.52,6863659,456,47424.9

FACE1,1056.41,6403661,812,7184.8

NECK3,57620.89693183,466,2859.1

CHEST1,1056.43,4224473,781,73310.0

BACK AREA1,73410.11,7723523,072,7068.1

SHOULDER AREA8214.81,057330867,4542.3

LOWER ARM AREA9215.41,4983041,379,2663.6

ABDOMINAL AREA4222.55,3316162,249,6535.9

HIP AREA4082.44,6534551,898,2865.0

LOWER LEG AREA1,1006.42,0873112,295,7306.0

ENTIRE BODY5563.29,0927745,055,15913.3

UNKNOWN5343.11,9502881,041,2072.7

MISSING13798.01,1382461,569,9564.1

TOTAL17182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet1

Table 4. Hospital Charges by Crash Type for Patients Involved in Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

CRASH TYPEPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

ROLLOVER1,2217.14,1884395,113,59513.5

SINGLE VEH FIXED OBJ2,55714.93,7274579,530,34025.1

SINGLE VEH NONFIXED OBJ4582.73,1763531,454,4423.8

MULT VEH NON HEADON12,45972.51,59431419,865,04152.3

MULTIPLE VEH HEADON3171.83,9455451,250,6353.3

MISSING1701.04,309391732,5741.9

TOTAL17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet9

Table 7. Results of the Multiple Regression Analysis for Hospital Charges for patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

StandardizedParameter95% Confidence IntervalReference Group

VariableEstimateEstimateLOWERUPPERProb > |T|

INTERCEP0.00004.79774.61184.98350.0001

Body Part Injured0.0001

Whole Body0.08810.66890.53630.80140.0001Arm

Head0.03690.11910.03050.20770.0085

Face-0.0003-0.0013-0.10870.10600.9808

Neck0.08200.25840.16680.34990.0001

Chest0.08490.43440.32770.54110.0001

Back0.05220.21950.12070.31840.0001

Shoulder-0.0004-0.0022-0.11600.11160.9697

Abdomen0.08190.68770.54530.83020.0001

Hip0.05740.49550.35070.64030.0001

Leg0.01290.0672-0.03900.17340.2149

Major Contributing Human Factor0.0001

Speeding or Too Fast0.03380.13510.03600.23420.0075No Human Factor

Ran Stop Sign or Signal0.02590.1033-0.00380.21040.0588

Illegal Turn0.00060.0057-0.16580.17720.9477

Following Too Close-0.0022-0.0082-0.11420.09790.8798

Failure to Yield0.04380.13130.03120.23150.0102

Other Human Factor0.04600.14610.05250.23970.0022

Driver Condition0.0001

Driver Drinking0.08130.42350.34120.50590.0001Normal

Other Driver Condition0.04530.40670.27350.53980.0001

Crash Type0.0001

Single Vehicle, Nonfixed Object0.00580.0547-0.12690.23640.3303Multiple Vehicle Head on

Single Vehicle, Fixed Object0.01200.0472-0.08760.18200.4182

Rollover0.00040.0020-0.14370.14770.4378

Multiple Vehicle, Non Head-on-0.0310-0.0965-0.22580.03290.0124

1 Year Increase in Age0.16020.01150.01050.01260.0001

Ejected0.08660.61270.50640.71900.0001Unejected

Unbelted0.06640.19180.14720.23650.0001Belted

1 MPH Speed Limit Increase0.04500.00500.00330.00680.0001

Injury Severity0.0001

Major0.48721.72831.66821.78840.0001Minor

Moderate0.04830.13850.08900.18800.0001

gender1

42.110597326957.8894026731

54.300898740245.6991012598

Male

Female

%

Percent of Patients involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes and Total Hospital Charges by Gender. Nebraska 1996-2000

gender

Table 1. Hospital Charges by Gender for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes. Nebraska, 1996-2000



Sum $%

GenderTotal number of patientHospital Charges

Male13,29642.13,14937541,872,17454.3

Female18,27857.91,92834335,239,20945.7

Total31,574100.02,44235577,111,383100.0

age

Table 2. Hospital Charges by Age Group for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998



Sum $%

Age

0-42691.61,701126457,4531.2

5-94292.51,273180546,1061.4

10-147174.21,5662701,122,6583.0

15-194,33425.21,8943148,207,82721.6

20-242,38313.91,8523304,413,74011.6

25-342,91216.91,6683324,857,38212.8

35-442,37113.82,1003654,979,95513.1

45-541,5018.72,6773864,017,98910.6

55-648555.02,6324002,250,7225.9

65-747254.24,4304103,211,5938.5

75 or older6864.05,6585733,881,20210.2

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

T1-age&gender

Table 1. Hospital Charges by Gender and Age Group for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998



Sum $%

Gender

Male7,23442.12,81235620,339,23053.6

Female9,94857.91,77032617,607,39746.4

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Age

0-42691.61,701126457,4531.2

5-94292.51,273180546,1061.4

10-147174.21,5662701,122,6583.0

15-194,33425.21,8943148,207,82721.6

20-242,38313.91,8523304,413,74011.6

25-342,91216.91,6683324,857,38212.8

35-442,37113.82,1003654,979,95513.1

45-541,5018.72,6773864,017,98910.6

55-648555.02,6324002,250,7225.9

65-747254.24,4304103,211,5938.5

75 or older6864.05,6585733,881,20210.2

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet2

Table 2. Hospital Charges by Safety Belt Use for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998


Safety Belt UseN%Mean $Median $Total

Sum $%

Yes10,97963.91,48531116,304,94743.0

No5,22430.43,38340817,675,00146.6

Missing9795.74,0523753,966,67910.5

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet4

Table 3. Hospital Charges by Major Contributing Human Factor for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998


MAJOR CONTRIBUTINGN%Mean $Median $Total

HUMAN FACTORSum $%

NOT STATED5653.32,4653251,392,6973.7

TOO FAST OR SPEEDING2,30613.43,1994017,377,42619.4

BACKING UNSAFELY1160.73,484285404,1681.1

RAN SIGNAL OR SIGN2,13012.41,9103374,067,71610.7

FAILURE TO YIELD4,39325.61,8573258,155,72821.5

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE2,47814.46282911,557,2814.1

IMPROPER TURN2981.71,760317524,3871.4

IMPROPER SIGNALING270.22,39128664,5630.2

WRONG WAY (ONE-WAY)310.23,19948899,1620.3

IMPROPER LANE CHANGE1330.81,168326155,4070.4

DROVE LEFT OF CENTER6033.56,1605423,714,2549.8

EVASIVE ACTION7944.62,6483452,102,4945.5

IMPROPER OVERTAKING1951.11,739328339,1730.9

IMPROPER LOADING110.11,72034118,9250.0

NONE9745.72,5273382,461,5886.5

OTHER2,12812.42,5903825,511,65814.5

TOTAL17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet5

Table 5. Hospital Charges by Driver Condition for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

DRIVER CONDITIONPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

NOT STATED1470.94,098368602,3741.6

NORMAL14,41883.91,54531722,273,30458.7

FATIGUE_ASLEEP2061.24,310609887,9332.3

ILLNESS850.510,1741,490864,7912.3

DRINKING1,2337.25,8597367,224,53819.0

ILLEGAL DRUG130.12,23847229,0930.1

MEDICATION320.22,48053979,3680.2

UNKNOWN9415.55,7744545,433,35814.3

OTHER720.43,097663222,9950.6

MISSING350.29,396967328,8720.9

TOTAL17182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet6

Table 6. Hospital Charges by Body Part Injured for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

BODY PARTS INJUREDPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

HEAD3,52120.52,6863659,456,47424.9

FACE1,1056.41,6403661,812,7184.8

NECK3,57620.89693183,466,2859.1

CHEST1,1056.43,4224473,781,73310.0

BACK AREA1,73410.11,7723523,072,7068.1

SHOULDER AREA8214.81,057330867,4542.3

LOWER ARM AREA9215.41,4983041,379,2663.6

ABDOMINAL AREA4222.55,3316162,249,6535.9

HIP AREA4082.44,6534551,898,2865.0

LOWER LEG AREA1,1006.42,0873112,295,7306.0

ENTIRE BODY5563.29,0927745,055,15913.3

UNKNOWN5343.11,9502881,041,2072.7

MISSING13798.01,1382461,569,9564.1

TOTAL17182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet1

Table 4. Hospital Charges by Crash Type for Patients Involved in Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

CRASH TYPEPatientsHospital Charges


Sum $%

ROLLOVER1,2217.14,1884395,113,59513.5

SINGLE VEH FIXED OBJ2,55714.93,7274579,530,34025.1

SINGLE VEH NONFIXED OBJ4582.73,1763531,454,4423.8

MULT VEH NON HEADON12,45972.51,59431419,865,04152.3

MULTIPLE VEH HEADON3171.83,9455451,250,6353.3

MISSING1701.04,309391732,5741.9

TOTAL17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

Sheet9

Table 7. Results of the Multiple Regression Analysis for Hospital Charges for patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998

StandardizedParameter95% Confidence IntervalReference Group

VariableEstimateEstimateLOWERUPPERProb > |T|

INTERCEP0.00004.79774.61184.98350.0001

Body Part Injured0.0001

Whole Body0.08810.66890.53630.80140.0001Arm

Head0.03690.11910.03050.20770.0085

Face-0.0003-0.0013-0.10870.10600.9808

Neck0.08200.25840.16680.34990.0001

Chest0.08490.43440.32770.54110.0001

Back0.05220.21950.12070.31840.0001

Shoulder-0.0004-0.0022-0.11600.11160.9697

Abdomen0.08190.68770.54530.83020.0001

Hip0.05740.49550.35070.64030.0001

Leg0.01290.0672-0.03900.17340.2149

Major Contributing Human Factor0.0001

Speeding or Too Fast0.03380.13510.03600.23420.0075No Human Factor

Ran Stop Sign or Signal0.02590.1033-0.00380.21040.0588

Illegal Turn0.00060.0057-0.16580.17720.9477

Following Too Close-0.0022-0.0082-0.11420.09790.8798

Failure to Yield0.04380.13130.03120.23150.0102

Other Human Factor0.04600.14610.05250.23970.0022

Driver Condition0.0001

Driver Drinking0.08130.42350.34120.50590.0001Normal

Other Driver Condition0.04530.40670.27350.53980.0001

Crash Type0.0001

Single Vehicle, Nonfixed Object0.00580.0547-0.12690.23640.3303Multiple Vehicle Head on

Single Vehicle, Fixed Object0.01200.0472-0.08760.18200.4182

Rollover0.00040.0020-0.14370.14770.4378

Multiple Vehicle, Non Head-on-0.0310-0.0965-0.22580.03290.0124

1 Year Increase in Age0.16020.01150.01050.01260.0001

Ejected0.08660.61270.50640.71900.0001Unejected

Unbelted0.06640.19180.14720.23650.0001Belted

1 MPH Speed Limit Increase0.04500.00500.00330.00680.0001

Injury Severity0.0001

Major0.48721.72831.66821.78840.0001Minor

Moderate0.04830.13850.08900.18800.0001

gender

Table 1. Hospital Charges by Gender for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1998



Sum $%

Gender

Male7,23442.12,81235620,339,23053.6

Female9,94857.91,77032617,607,39746.4

Total17,182100.02,20933737,946,627100.0

age1

138

180

292

328

347

355

383

412

430

452

596

Median $

Age Group

Median Charges ($)

Median Hospital Charges for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes by Age Group. Nebraska, 1996-2000

age

Table 2. Hospital Charges by Age Group for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes. Nebraska, 1996-2000



AgeMedian $Sum $%

0-45521.71,242138685,4120.9

5-97792.51,181180920,0641.2

10-141,3054.11,9142922,497,7473.2

15-197,90225.01,86132814,707,66519.1

20-244,46714.12,1133479,528,59012.4

25-345,33216.92,03535510,850,14214.1

35-444,37313.92,39238310,461,24613.6

45-542,8309.02,8604128,094,01810.5

55-641,5805.03,6274305,731,3477.4

65-741,3074.14,7804526,247,9728.1

75 or older1,1473.66,4405967,387,1799.6

Total31,574100.02,44235577,111,382100.0

Hospital Charges by Age Group for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes. Nebraska, 1996-2000

AgePatientsHospital ChargesN%Mean $Median $TotalSum $%0-45521.7 1,242 138685,4120.95-97792.5 1,181 180920,0641.210-141,3054.11,9142922,497,7473.215-197,90225.01,86132814,707,66519.120-244,46714.12,1133479,528,59012.425-345,33216.92,03535510,850,14214.135-444,37313.92,39238310,461,24613.645-542,8309.02,8604128,094,01810.555-641,5805.03,6274305,731,3477.465-741,3074.14,7804526,247,9728.175 or older1,1473.66,4405967,387,1799.6

Chart1

64.996516120943.9745044649329

28.900361056643.6924592094426

% of patient

% of total hospital charge

Median hospital charge

%

Restraint Use

Median

Percent of Total Patients,Total Hospital Charges and Median Hospital Charges by Restraint Use

Sheet1

Yes20,52265.01,65232933,909,34944.0

No9,12528.93,69242633,691,86043.7

Missing1,9276.14,9354129,510,17512.3

Total31,574100.02,44235577,111,384100.0

Sheet1

000

000

&A

Page &P

% of patient

% of total hospital charge

Median hospital charge

%

Restraint Use

Median

Percent of Total Patients,Total Hospital Charges and Median Hospital Charges

Sheet2

Sheet3

Hospital Charges by Driver Condition for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-2000

Driver ConditionPatientsHospital ChargesN%Mean $Median $TotalSum $%Not Stated2390.84,4504091,063,4471.4Normal26,80384.91,77333647,519,75661.6Fatigue/Asleep3781.24,4686201,688,7882.2Illness1330.49,3858021,248,2181.6Drinking2,1076.76,38374513,449,89117.4Illegal Drug290.13,04777688,3730.1Medication520.22,497654129,6910.2Unknown1,6365.26,54750310,711,33413.9Other1480.55,790617856,8661.1Missing490.27,2451,219355,0200.5

Hospital Charges by Major Contributing Human Factor for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-2000

Major Contributing Human FactorPatientsHospital ChargesN%Mean $Median $TotalSum $%Speeding or Too Fast3,94312.53,48141613,726,49217.8Right of Way Violation11,97837.92,14035125,632,05033.2 Ran Stop Sign1,3994.43,0073984,207,3875.5 Ran Traffic Signal2,4697.82,1203495,233,3926.8 Failure to Yield8,11025.71,99634516,191,27221.0Following Too Close4,55814.48613073,924,5005.1Improper Turn5211.71,901336990,5001.3Improper Lane Change2750.91,765358485,3480.6Drove Left of Center1,0663.47,2525597,730,63710.0Evasive Action1,3944.42,5083633,496,5644.5Improper Overtaking4231.32,4123361,020,3761.3Other4,62614.72,77438412,831,98616.6None1,7375.52,3023443,999,2375.2Not Stated1,0533.33,1093533,273,6944.2

Hospital Charges by Crash Type for Patients Involved in Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-2000

Crash TypePatientsHospital ChargesN%Mean $Median $TotalSum $%Rollover1,8125.74,430440 8,026,64610.4Single Vehicle Fixed Object4,55014.44,050485 18,426,36123.9Single Vehicle Non-fixed Object8912.83,302361 2,941,7823.8Multiple Vehicle Non Head-on23,51174.51,857333 43,660,85756.6Multiple Vehicle Head-on5241.75,615547 2,942,0813.8Other 1100.37,695889 401,1350.5Missing1760.68,501462 712,5210.9

* Body part injured is defined according to police report

Table 5. Hospital Charges by Body Part Injured* for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-2000

Body Part InjuredPatientsHospital ChargesN%Mean $Median $TotalSum $%Head6,29119.92,98538818,779,74824.4Whole Body9963.210,73380610,689,65413.9Chest2,0136.43,7214847,491,3739.7Neck6,47520.51,0953337,092,4589.2Back3,22210.21,6193715,217,5696.8Abdomen7812.56,3146464,930,9346.4Lower Leg1,9276.12,3343464,497,9725.8Hip7032.26,2014684,359,5395.7Missing28579.01,2692663,621,6654.7Face1,9826.31,6823693,334,0634.3Unknown10873.42,5182842,737,0013.5Lower Arm1,7065.41,2843222,190,6162.8Shoulder1,5344.91,4143492,168,7922.8

Chart2

61154.46310.67

108944.66312.35

5937199.45314.7

3328565.1334.1

9432798.74329.07

5836569.81338.225

5295116.47362.5

13536700.05414.815

10043155.79456.465

12333938.77444.3

1488738.45441.84

2081472.48559.5

Total Charge

Median Charge

Posted Speed Limit

Total Hospital Charges ($)

Median Hospital Charges ($)

Total and Median Hospital Charges by Posted Speed Limit for Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes, Nebraska, 1996-2000

Chart1

&A

Page &P

Chart1

61154.46310.67

108944.66312.35

5937199.45314.7

3328565.1334.1

9432798.74329.07

5836569.81338.225

5295116.47362.5

13536700.05414.815

10043155.79456.465

12333938.77444.3

1488738.45441.84

2081472.48559.5

&A

Page &P

Total Charge

Median Charge

Posted Speed Limit

Total Hospital Charges ($)

Median Hospital Charges ($)


Chart3

0.06115446310.67

0.10894466312.35

5.93719945314.7

3.3285651334.1

9.43279874329.07

5.83656981338.225

5.29511647362.5

13.53670005414.815

10.04315579456.465

12.33393877444.3

1.48873845441.84

2.08147248559.5

&A

Page &P

Total Charge (Million)

Median Charge

Posted Speed Limit

Total Hospital Charges (Million)

Median Hospital Charges


Sheet1

Speed LimitNumber of PatientsAverage ChargeTotal ChargeMedian ChargeTotal Charge (Million)Median Charge

15461329.461,1543110.06311

20196555.8108,9453120.11312

2543321370.55,937,1993155.94315

3023111440.33,328,5653343.33334

3570061346.49,432,7993299.43329

4026062239.75,836,5703385.84338

4522222383.05,295,1163635.30363

5035163850.013,536,70041513.54415

5521984569.210,043,15645610.04456

6025444848.212,333,93944412.33444

654283478.41,488,7384421.49442

754614515.12,081,4725602.08560

27866

SPDLIMITOUT

SPDLIMITINPATIENTPERINVAVECHRGMEDHOSPCHRGHOSPDAYSAVGDAYS

1511111461329.4447826087310.6761154.46

2011111196555.8401020408312.35108944.66

251111143321370.544656048314.75937199.45

301111123111440.3137602769334.13328565.1

351111170061346.3886297459329.079432798.74

401111126062239.6660821182338.2255836569.81

451111122222383.0407155716362.55295116.47

501111135163850.0284556314414.81513536700.05

551111121984569.2246542311456.46510043155.79

601111125444848.2463718554444.312333938.77

65111114283478.360864486441.841488738.45

75111114614515.1246854664559.52081472.48

27866

&A

Page &P

SummaryHospital Charges were higher for patients who wereMaleOlderUnrestrainedInvolved in alcohol-related crashesInvolved in crashes caused by driving left of center and speedingInvolved in multiple vehicle head on crashes

Summary (Continued)Patients with whole body injuries had the largest median hospital chargesPatients with head injuries accounted for the largest of the total hospital charges Median hospital charges generally increased as the posted speed limit increased

Documents

Hospital Charges For Patients Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska 1996-2000