Upload
muriel-craig
View
224
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Hospital Procedures TM 3
Spay/Neuter
• Spay – Ovariohysterectomy– Removal of the ovaries and the
entire uterus
– “spayed” not “spade” or “spaded”.
Hospital Procedures TM 4
Spay/Neuter
• In the past, was done when the animal reached six months of age.
• Today the operation can be performed as early as six weeks.
Hospital Procedures TM 11
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
7. I want my children to witness the miracle of birth.
Hospital Procedures TM 12
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
8. I will sell the puppies/kittens and make money.
Hospital Procedures TM 14
Spay/Neuter
The Excuses:
10. I am concerned about my pet undergoing anesthesia.
Hospital Procedures TM 15
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
1. Spaying and neutering contributes to a longer and healthier life.
Hospital Procedures TM 18
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
4. An altered pet is cleaner – no spraying or bleeding.
Hospital Procedures TM 19
Spay/Neuter
The Truth:
5. Spaying and neutering may prevent pets from roaming and getting into fights.
Hospital Procedures TM 20
Bandaging
• Bandaging methods are designed for specific areas of the body or specific purposes.
Hospital Procedures TM 21
Bandaging
• The two areas most commonly bandaged are the abdomen and the legs.
Hospital Procedures TM 23
Abdominal Bandage
• used after abdominal surgery to prevent the animal from licking the incision and to keep it clean.
Hospital Procedures TM 24
• also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
1) control fluid leakage
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 25
• also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
2) keep medication on the wound
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 26
• also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to:
3) keep the wound as sterile as possible
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 27
• The bellyband consists of four layers:
1) a sterile non-stick pad2) a layer of absorbent cotton3) a layer of gauze4) a final layer of adhesive bandage
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 28
• The main goal when applying a bellyband is to keep it snug and smooth so that it is comfortable and less likely to slip loose.
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 29
• It is important not to apply it too tightly since this will cause patient discomfort.
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 30
• To apply a bellyband:
1) Start at the front of the abdomen and wrap towards the back overlapping the edges of the bandage.
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 31
• To apply a bellyband:
2) When you reach the back, wrap the bandage towards
the front, continuing to overlap the edges.
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 32
• To apply a bellyband:
Each layer should be wrapped front and back at least one time.
Abdominal Bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 33
Leg Bandages
• generally applied for the purpose of:
1) covering an open wound
Hospital Procedures TM 34
Leg Bandages
• generally applied for the purpose of:
2) lending support to the leg
Hospital Procedures TM 35
Leg Bandages
• generally applied for the purpose of:
3) securing a catheter
Hospital Procedures TM 36
Leg Bandages
• usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
1) a non-stick pad
Hospital Procedures TM 37
Leg Bandages
• usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
2) absorbent cotton
Hospital Procedures TM 38
Leg Bandages
• usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
3) gauze
Hospital Procedures TM 39
Leg Bandages
• usually have four layers for wounds or catheters :
4) adhesive bandage
Hospital Procedures TM 41
• consist of a cotton or quilt layer and an elastic bandage
Support Leg Bandages
Hospital Procedures TM 42
• Whenever a bandage is applied to a horse’s leg it should be started on the outside of the leg and wrapped towards to back of the leg.
Support Leg Bandages
Hospital Procedures TM 47
Vaccinations
• When and how often an animal is vaccinated will vary from vet to vet and their location within the country.
Hospital Procedures TM 48
Causes of Disease
• Diseases are divided into two categories, infectious and non-infectious.
Hospital Procedures TM 49
Causes of Disease
• Infectious diseases can be passed from animal to animal or from animal to human.
Hospital Procedures TM 50
Causes of Disease
• Diseases that are passed from animal to human are called zoonotic.
Hospital Procedures TM 51
Causes of Disease
• Non-infectious diseases cannot be passed from one animal to another or to humans.
Hospital Procedures TM 52
Infectious Diseases
• caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, helminthes, protozoa, and arthropods
Hospital Procedures TM 53
Infectious Diseases
• disease-causing agents can enter an animal through the skin, mouth, mucous membranes, lungs, or reproductive tract.
Hospital Procedures TM 54
Infectious Diseases
• can also be spread by either direct or indirect means.
Hospital Procedures TM 55
Infectious Diseases
Direct transmission • occurs by skin contact,
ingestion of an infected animal, inhalation, and
sexual/reproductive contact
Hospital Procedures TM 56
Infectious Diseases
Indirect transmission • uses vectors, vehicles, and
fomites
Hospital Procedures TM 58
Infectious Diseases
Vehicles
• equipment (brushes, buckets)
• instruments (needles, scissors)
• utensils
Hospital Procedures TM 60
Non-infectious Diseases
caused by:
– dysfunctions of one or more body systems
Hospital Procedures TM 67
Immunity
• a function of the lymph system and protects the body from infection, disease and foreign bodies
Hospital Procedures TM 68
Immunity System
• produces antibodies
– specialized proteins designed to fight antigens
Hospital Procedures TM 69
Immunity System
• Antigens
– any foreign substances that induce an immune
response.
Hospital Procedures TM 71
Passive Immunity
• when an animal is given antibodies that have already been produced by another individual
Hospital Procedures TM 72
Passive Immunity
• Antibodies passing from the mother through the placenta and in the colostrum.
Hospital Procedures TM 73
Passive Immunity
• provides only short-term immunity because the body breaks down the antibodies
Hospital Procedures TM 74
Active Immunity
• when an animal produces antibodies by natural or artificial means in response to an antigen
Hospital Procedures TM 75
Active Immunity
• produced naturally when an animal is exposed to a disease and builds antibodies in response
Artificial
Hospital Procedures TM 76
Active Immunity
• produced artificially when an animal is vaccinated and builds antibodies in response to the vaccine
Natural
Hospital Procedures TM 77
Vaccines
• substances that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response
Hospital Procedures TM 79
VaccinesModified-live Vaccines
• altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease
Hospital Procedures TM 80
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
• disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means
Hospital Procedures TM 81
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
• Immunity developed with this vaccine is generally weaker than a modified-live vaccine.
Hospital Procedures TM 82
Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
• There is also a possibility that the animal is allergic to the compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent.
Hospital Procedures TM 83
Diseases to Vaccinate For
• Bordetella
(Kennel cough)
• Coronavirus
• Distemper
• Infectious hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Lyme disease
• Parainfluenza
• Parvovirus
• Rabies
Dogs
Hospital Procedures TM 84
Diseases to Vaccinate For
• Feline calicivirus
• Feline infectious peritonitis
• Feline leukemia virus
• Feline viral rhinotracheitits
• Panleukopenia
• Rabies
Cats
Hospital Procedures TM 86
Dental Care
• both cats and dogs are susceptible to gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as other dental problems
Hospital Procedures TM 87
Gingivitis
• an inflammation and infection of the sensitive gums surrounding the teeth
Hospital Procedures TM 88
Periodontal Disease
• an advanced stage of gingivitis where the gingiva separates from the tooth and decay of the tooth sets in
Hospital Procedures TM 89
Signs of Poor Oral Health
• Persistent bad breath
• Difficulty eating
• Loss of appetite
Hospital Procedures TM 90
Signs of Poor Oral Health
• Inflamed or bleeding gums
• Tartar
• Excessive pawing at the mouth
• Loose or missing teeth
Hospital Procedures TM 91
Keeping Teeth Clean
• Dentistry is most often performed by the technician.
Hospital Procedures TM 92
Keeping Teeth Clean
• Dentistry is accomplished like human dentistry the teeth are:
1. cleaned,
2. polished, and
3. examined for abnormalities and disease
Hospital Procedures TM 93
Keeping Teeth Clean
• The main difference is that the patients are anesthetized for the procedure.
Hospital Procedures TM 94
Keeping Teeth Clean
• The technician is responsible for educating clients on the process of brushing their pet’s teeth.
Hospital Procedures TM 96
Home Dental Care
• Get them to accept a finger being rubbed along the teeth and gums.
Hospital Procedures TM 97
Home Dental Care
• Next, use a small toothbrush or a specially designed finger brush to scrub your pet’s teeth.
Hospital Procedures TM 99
Home Dental Care
• There are several types of flavored pet toothpaste that your pet will enjoy.
Hospital Procedures TM 100
Home Dental Care
NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE! NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE!
(It may make your pet sick if swallowed.)
Hospital Procedures TM 102
Home Dental Care
• Develop a routine and make it fun for your pet.
(They will think they are getting a treat!)
Hospital Procedures TM 103
Home Dental Care
• Feeding dry food and rawhide chews will cut down on the amount of tartar buildup.
Hospital Procedures TM 104
Anatomy of a Tooth
Gingiva
Crown Dentin
Enamel
Periodontal ligamentRootPulp canal
Hospital Procedures TM 105
Medication
Routes of AdministrationRoutes of Administration• Medication is administered in
different ways depending on the type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it.
Hospital Procedures TM 106
Medication
Routes of AdministrationRoutes of Administration• Example:
–a pill for preventing heartworm can be given orally
Hospital Procedures TM 107
Medication
Routes of AdministrationRoutes of Administration• Example:
–a drug to prevent shock should be given IV (intravenously) since it is a life or death situation.
Hospital Procedures TM 108
Medication
Routes of AdministrationRoutes of Administration• Common Routes:
– Oral IM – intramuscular– Nasal IP – intraperitoneal – Subcutaneous IV – intravenous
(Sub-Q)
Hospital Procedures TM 110
Medication
Routes of AdministrationRoutes of Administration• Most vaccinations are given
SubQ or IM.
• Some are given nasally.
Hospital Procedures TM 112
Needles & Syringes
• Should be familiar with them so that the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure.
Hospital Procedures TM 113
Needles & Syringes
• Needles come in several sizes that are referred to as gauges.
Hospital Procedures TM 116
Needles & Syringes
• Large gauge needles (16,18,20) are used for horses, swine and cattle.
Hospital Procedures TM 117
Needles & Syringes
• Small gauge needles (21,22,23,25,27) are used for cats, dogs, and exotics.
Hospital Procedures TM 119
Needles & Syringes
• The most common sizes are:
insulin, 1, 3, 6, 12, 20, 35, and 60 ml
1 ml syringes are called tuberculin syringes
Hospital Procedures TM 120
Needles & Syringes
• Insulin syringes come with attached needles and are measured in increments called units.
Hospital Procedures TM 122
Needles & Syringes
• Luer-Lok tip
– has a threaded tip to hold needle securely
Hospital Procedures TM 124
Needles & Syringes
• Eccentric tip
– used to get a straighter angle
for IV injections
Hospital Procedures TM 125
Needles & Syringes
• Catheter tip
– used to administer oral medications and liquefied food
Hospital Procedures TM 126
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
• It is important to know the proper way to fill and read a syringe.
Hospital Procedures TM 127
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
• Improper filling and reading could result in an over or under dose of medication.
Hospital Procedures TM 128
Needles & Syringes
Filling and Reading a Syringe
• A properly filled syringe should have no air bubbles and should be filled to the correct amount.
Hospital Procedures TM 129
Needles & SyringesFilling and Reading a Syringe
• Air bubbles injected into a vein could potentially cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death.
Hospital Procedures TM 130
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Dispensing medication requires knowledge of math and the laws that govern how a medication is packaged and labeled.
Hospital Procedures TM 131
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• It is critical that medication is given in the right amount and that the directions for the client are clear and correct.
Hospital Procedures TM 132
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
1. Name of veterinarian, address, phone, clinic name
Hospital Procedures TM 133
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
2. Patient’s name and species
Hospital Procedures TM 134
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
3. Name of medication, concentration, and number of units dispensed
Hospital Procedures TM 135
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
4. Directions for use, including route of administration, and dosing interval
ex. - 3x/day for 5 days
Hospital Procedures TM 136
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
5. Date
Hospital Procedures TM 137
Dispensing & Labeling Medication
• Every medication label is required by law to include:
6. Warning statement:
For Veterinary Use Only
Hospital Procedures TM 138
Medication Labels
Wild Wood Veterinary HospitalMelvin Turner, DVM128 Clearbrook Drive
Colorado Springs, CO 75074(719) 954-1169
Client/Patient Name:___________________________________________ Species:___________
Beth Lowery – Fido
Canine
Medication:__________________________________________________ Amount:__________________________
Clavamox
25mls
Directions for use: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Give 2 mls twice a day until gone
Date:_______________________11/28/02 For Veterinary Use Only.