HOT SEATS TEAM #25

Team members:Aaron Mallory (PM)Ali BoulandMisfer AlmarriJawad ZereigatOlanrewaju AdeneyiAlex Singleton

Faculty advisor:David Williams

OUTLINE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (AM) DESIGN SYSTEM

WIND DATA (AS) WIND TURBINE (MA) Heater (AB) Microcontroller (JZ)

PROTYPE SYSTEM PROTOTYPE WIND TURBINE (OA) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (AM)

SUMMARY (AS)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background

Design a system that can provide heat to bus shelter relying on renewable energy sources in an urban environment

Expectations Outcome Design System Cost: $ 5,188 Prototype Cost: $ 604 Estimated Time to Implement Design: 9

weeks Estimated Prototype Build Time: 7 weeks

DESIGN SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wind Turbine

Grid

Inverter

Micro-controlle

r

Radiant Heater

Generator

Net Metering

WIND DATA

Represent Feasibility Study Pick a relative location Weather Stations

Hourly Weather Data from 2009 Wind Speed, Direction, Air Density

WEATHER STATIONS

WIND RADAR GRAPH

DISCUSSION

Annual Power Output Directional Location Offset Cost average

WIND TURBINE

Options and Chosen Options Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine was chosen. The choice can by justified by the following: Offer benefits in low speed Tend to be safer, easier to build Can be more accessible for maintenance Handle wind turbulence much better than

horizontal wind turbines for urban applications.

WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATIONS

Start wind speed is 2.3 m/s Nominal wind speed is 13 m/s Nominal power 2.2 KW Number of Blades : six blades Rotor Diameter is 1.78 m and height is 5.5 m Rotor Area is 3.56 m2

Mechanical Break for safety

WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS

1-The Blades• Consists of six blades• Made of PVC• PVC are strong but flexible• Have exceptional wind capture

2- Cage mounting plates • Two cage plates : the upper plate and

the lower plate• Seen by birds as a solid object so they

avoid flying into the turbine

3- Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG)

• A direct drive generator with one moving part

Gearbox : No gearbox needed Permanent Magnet Generator was

specially designed for this wind turbine

Produces power at low speeds, eliminating the need for a speed increasing gearbox

3

1

2

AVAILABLE POWER AT A GIVEN WIND SPEED

Wind speed ( m/s )

wind speed (mph )

Area ( m2) Power (W)

1 2.24 3.56 0

2 4.48 3.56 0 2.7 6.048 3.56 11.18341

3 6.72 3.56 15.34075

4 8.96 3.56 36.36326

5 11.2 3.56 71.022

6 13.44 3.56 122.726

7 15.68 3.56 194.8844

8 17.92 3.56 290.9061

9 20.16 3.56 414.2003

10 22.4 3.56 568.176

11 24.64 3.56 756.2423

12 26.88 3.56 981.8081 13 29.12 3.56 1248.283

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Power Curve

Wind Spees (m/s )

Pow

er O

utpu

t (W

)Cut in Speed

Rated Wind Speed

HEATING SUBSYSTEM

Options studied and justification Enclose bus station

Much more expensive Less efficient

Radiant Heaters Heats people without heating air Heats up in seconds Safe, clean, and requires minimum

maintenance

HEATING SUBSYSTEM

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standards

3200W 60° clear quartz lamps infrared heater

100% efficient 96% radiant efficiency 4% loss to convective heat

Lamps Life Expectancy: 5000 hours

STORAGE SUBSYSTEM

Options studied and justification Deep Cycle Battery No battery and connect to grid

No Battery option was chosen Use grid as an indirect way to store energy Sell power back to the grid when not needed,

and take it back for the load Why not battery?

Battery capacity decreases significantly in cold weather

Avoid efficiency losses in charging and discharging battery

WHAT IS NET METERING? Net metering is a electricity policy for consumers who own

renewable energy systems, such as wind or solar power.

If you are generating more power than you need, power flows back to the utility grid, spinning the existing electricity meter backwards.

When the heater is turned off and the system is still producing electricity, a utility company would purchases that excess electricity at the wholesale price. Additionally, net metering allows the meter to literally be set back.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER Programmed Using assembly language Programmed for time schedule MPLAB to convert the

program that is written into a format that the PIC understands MPLAB is windows based, and includes an editor, simulator, and

assembler format that the PIC understands

8086/8088 INTEL MICROPROCESSOR

PROTOTYPE SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wind Turbine

Battery Inverter Timer

Radiant Heater

Generator

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

The wind force produces an rpm at the turbine shaft which is affected by a tip speed ratio

The wind turbine was theoretically designed to produce around 14.4 volts out of the generator in around 10 to 12mph winds.

Actual testing of the prototype wind turbine produced our target charging voltage around 14.37 mph

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

To produce the necessary rpm for the generator there has to be a gearing system implemented The gearing system used was a V-Belt and pulley

system

The ratio found for the gearing was 5:4 ratio

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Turbine Blade Base The upper and lower base

of the turbine is made of wooden plates 20” in diameter.

The blades of the turbine were placed on the template on the base.

Blade placement and curvature.

The total area was calculated to be 24.3ft2

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Wind turbine Blades and placement The blades are made out of thin aluminum

sheets for its light weight and structural rigidity.

The curvature of the aluminum also serves as structural support

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Bearings Flange and Caster

Figure : Flange Bearing Engineering Drawing

Figure : Caster Bearing Engineering Drawing

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Wind speed (mph)

power at shaft (watts)

rpm at shaft

Rpm at shaft

tsr=90%

torque at shaft (N-m)

2.24 0.78 31.51 28.36 0.26

3.36 2.65 47.27 42.54 0.59

4.47 6.27 63.02 56.72 1.06

5.59 12.25 78.78 70.90 1.65

6.71 21.16 94.54 85.08 2.38

7.83 33.60 110.29 99.26 3.23

8.95 50.16 126.05 113.44 4.22

10.07 71.42 141.80 127.62 5.34

11.18 97.97 157.56 141.80 6.60

12.30 130.40 173.32 155.99 7.98

13.42 169.29 189.07 170.17 9.5014.54 215.24 204.83 184.35 11.15

rpm Voltage Current (Amps)

power (Watts)

Torque (N-M)

116.13 9.84 0.16 1.59 0.13

120.97 10.29 0.16 1.66 0.13

125.81 10.74 0.16 1.73 0.13

130.65 11.19 0.16 1.81 0.13

135.48 11.65 0.16 1.88 0.13

140.32 12.10 0.16 1.95 0.13

145.16 12.55 0.16 2.02 0.13

150.00 13.00 0.16 2.10 0.13

154.84 13.45 0.16 2.17 0.13

159.68 13.90 0.32 4.48 0.27

164.52 14.35 0.48 6.95 0.40

169.35 14.81 0.65 9.55 0.54

GeneratorWind Turbine

Testing results

PROTOTYPE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Test runs wind speed (mph) left

voltage

startup speed (avg) 6 4.12

  13.1 14.46

  13.4 14.46  15.4 14.8  15.8 14.4  15.4 14.04  14.6 14.8  14 14.3  13.4 14.2

Test runs wind speed (mph) left

voltage

  6.7 4.37  11.34 12.27  12.2 12.88  12.8 13.11  14.3 14.41  16.2 15.6  14.1 14.3

PARTS USED FOR BUILDING THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OF THE PROTOTYPE

PMA Generator 12 Volt Battery 400 W Inverter 555 Timer 12 Volt Relay 125 W Infrared

Lamp

Project overview Design System

Cost: $ 5,188 Prototype System

Cost: $ 604

Project outcome Future

Implementations Specific Location

Wind Study Larger Turbine Controller Design

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The team would like to express our gratitude to those who made this project possible.

David Williams Dr. Ahmad Al Banna Brian Snow Ross O’Connor Justin Harrell, P.E.

QUESTIONS

31