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Hot Topics Series 2010Introduction to Water Sensitive Urban Design

(WSUD)

Tuesday 26 October 2010

MC: Jamie Ewert – Melbourne Water

© copywrite clearwater www.clearwater.asn.au

Overview of todayWelcomeIntroduction: Melbourne Water and ClearwaterAssociate Professor Tim Fletcher

Morning TeaAlex LeeIan PenroseIlona DorianJonathon Griffin & Steve CobdenMatt WilsonErika Jeremy

LunchTony van Noordenburg – NGV tour

www.clearwater.asn.au© copywrite clearwater

Emily KayeClearwater Manager


Who is Clearwater?


• We aim to increase the uptake of sustainable water management

• Not-for-profit capacity building program• Endorsed by government • Work with Stormwater Vic and AWA• Partnership with Australia’s largest stormwater research

program; Cities as Water Supply Catchments• Technical training, events/seminars and tours• Tailored solutions • New website – 1st November• Latest industry news: Clearwater e-newsletter

Council - Responsible Person October 2010

Matt Mulqueeney Melanie Holmes Dave Greenwood Nick Paulin9235 1436 9235 2113 9235 7071 9235 7112

Whittlesea Hume Monash MaroondahBass Coast Brimbank Frankston YarraHobsons Bay Nillumbik Whitehorse StonningtonMacedon Ranges Banyule Mornington BoroondaraSouth Gippsland Mitchell Bayside Glen Eira Casey Manningham Kingston Yarra RangesMelton Moonee Valley Dandenong MelbourneMoorabool Moreland Knox MaribyrnongWyndham Darebin Baw BawGreater GeelongCardinia

Cit of Port Phillip- Marion Urrutiaguer 9235 7222

Tim FletcherAssociate Professor in Water Engineering,

Dept. of Civil Engineering


Monash Centre for Water Sensitive Cities

Alex LeeSenior Landscape Architect

CPG Consulting


Urban Landscape and Community WSUD DriversAlexandra Lee

Introduction

WSUD – A Landscape Architect’s perspective

What are the issues?

What are the opportunities?

What are the benefits?

How - International Examples / Local Examples

Where we live – Melbourne and the Yarra

Why are we here?

Water has shaped our natural and cultural landscapes, our environment and our cities.

The Yarra and its catchment are our lifeline. How have we impacted upon the local natural systems since white settlement?

‘The Place for a VillageHow nature has shaped the city of Melbourne’Gary Presland

The Water DreamersMichael Catchcart

WSUD – A Landscape Architect’s perspective

- Our landscapes need to be an asset that embody our social, cultural and environmental values concurrently

- We need green within our urban landscapes for public amenity

- The critical outcome is that we need the natural and our urban systems to co-exist.

Urban and natural systems – Co-existence?

Environmental impact = Impact on public amenity

What are the issues of urbanisation?

- Polluted urban runoff entering streams

- Increased runoff from impervious areas

- Decrease in groundwater recharge

- Cultural disconnection to the environment

- Urban heat island effect

What are the drivers for changing our ways?

- Water Scarcity

- Climate Change

- Increased Urban Density

- Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effect

Urban Heat Island Effect

- Increased temperatures in urban areas due to the intense amount of hard surfaces within the built form

- We rely on the ‘green’ in our urban environment to provide relief from the intensified climatic conditions

- We need to utilise all avenues for providing green within the urban environment.

ParksStreetscapesGreen roofsRooftop gardens

Benefits of WSUD

- An ‘active’ landscape

- Makes visible the processes that we have historically hidden inpipes so that we can begin to reconnect to our landscape again.

- Public amenity improved through increased green within the urban landscape

What do we need to do?

Establish our built environments to develop an Urban Ecology

What do we need to do?

- Create spaces that increase public amenity and environmental principles concurrently

- Let natural processes coexist within the urban environment

- Look for all opportunities to let water infiltrate and be absorbed back into our urban environment

We need a city wide approachWhat are other cities doing?

- Singapore ABC program

- Active- Beautiful- Clean

- Rotterdam Climate Change Initiative

- Reintroducing water back into the urban landscape- Green roof reimbursement program - 80million Euro over 5 years to begin implementation- Driven by city branding and Marketing

Sportzplaza Mercator - Amsterdam



Waternet - Amsterdam

BedZED – Social Housing Development, London

Highline Park – New York(Image source www.inhabitat.com )

Potzdamer Platz - Berlin

Ruwenbos- Enschede, The Netherlands

Some Local Examples……..

University Hill - Bundoora

University Hill - Bundoora

Visitor Car Park – Cranbourne Botanic Gardens

Fieldstone Boulevard - Beaconsfield

Lawrence Street - Brighton

Chapel Street - Prahran

Nicholson Street Mall - Footscray

Willis Street Carpark - Hampton

Canna Lily Raingarden – RBG Melbourne

Convention Centre – Melbourne.

131 Queen Street Rooftop – Melbourne CBD

131 Queen Street Rooftop – Melbourne CBD

Balfour Street Park - Sydney

Balfour Street Park - Sydney

The Venny - Kensington

Image Courtesy of Melbourne City Council

George Pentland Botanic Gardens – Frankston Ornamental Lake Conversion

George Pentland Botanic Gardens – Frankston

Wurundjeri Walk – Blackburn South

Wurundjeri Walk – Blackburn South

Nobelius Heritage Park

Nobelius Heritage Park

VCA Campus, University of Melbourne





Koonung Creek Wetland - Boroondara




Thankyou

Ian PenroseRiverkeeper

Yarra Riverkeeper Association


Taking care of our Yarra River by Ian PenroseYarra Riverkeeper AssociationIntroduction to Water Sensitive Urban Design26 October 2010

Short-finned eelAustralia’s representative in 2006 Commonwealth Games

Gunther Schmida

Neil Armstrong

Short-finned eeltakes a 4000 km journey to breed

Melbourne

Mt Gregory

WarburtonWarrandyte

The Yarra River (main stem)

Benefits of WSUD

- Reintroduces natural processes back into the landscape

- Landscape as ‘functional asset’

- Passive watering of landscapes

- Offset of adverse environmental effects through stormwater filtration

- Increases biodiversity

The Yarra River was central to Wurundjeri life

Print by Fred Kruger, National Gallery of Victoria

The Birrarung – “Place of mists and shadows”

The Yarra River was central to Melbourne’s establishment

Colour lithograph by N. Wittock, State Library of Victoria.

The Yarra River was central to early Melbourne culture- Arthur Streeton’s “Still Glides the Stream”

Art Gallery of New South Wales

The Yarra River was central to early Melbourne life- sports and recreation

AG & AJ Campbell 1904

Photo courtesy of Howard Sierak

Photo courtesy of Howard Sierak

Photo courtesy of Mercantile Rowing Club

The Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today- tourism and industry

Photo courtesy of Melbourne Water


The Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today- sports and recreation



- our most important natural assetThe Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today

Paul MitrovskiPhoto courtesy of DNRE


- our most important natural assetThe Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today

Warrandyte

- it is the city’s centrepieceThe Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today

The CBD

- it is the city’s centrepieceThe Yarra River is vital to Melbourne today

22

16

25 27

10

05

101520253035404550

Excellent Good Moderate Poor Very Poor

stre

am c

ondi

tion

% le

ngth

Source: Melbourne’s Rivers and Creeks 2004

Current health of the Yarra and tributaries

Factors: water flows, channel form, vegetation, water quality, aquatic life

Only 38% of the river is in good+ health !

And this is in the upper catchment

We pollute our river water

23 June 2006

Photograph by John Lamb

A water quality expert at work – “Norman Gunston” (Gary McDonald) 1980

Detecting pollution - water quality “experts” at work !!

X�

Our river needs a healthy flow pattern AND retain most of its water

70% of Melbourne’s water is taken from the Yarra

The flow in a healthy river follows the rhythm of the seasons

Photos courtesy of DSE

Consumption of Yarra Water

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1960

1963

1966

1969

1972

1975

1978

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

WaterExtraction

+River flow

=In-flows

(Gl/year)

Yarra Flows and Water Extraction

River flow as percent of in-flows

The worst three years on record!

2007: 25%2008: 25%2009: 28%

Impacts of persistent low flows in the Yarra

Photo courtesy of Melbourne Water Photo by Andrew AllanAlgal blooms

Loss of fish spawning triggers

Fish confined to pools

Very low oxygen in the water

Loss of in-stream habitat

Invasion of pest species

“We did not inherit the Earth from our ancestors. We have borrowed it from our children.”

Lester Brown, author

Supported by Yarra Riverkeeper Association IncYarra Riverkeeper Association Inc

What do the Yarra Riverkeepers do?

1. Educate

2. Advocate

3. Connect

Our “Yarra Yabber” bus toursEducate

A Yarra Riverkeepers’bike ride highlighting Water

Sensitive Urban Design

Educate

Advocate

Advocate

How we can secure Melbourne’s water needs and protect the Yarra

1. Maximise the capture of rain/stormwater “a tank under every roof”

2. Recycle all “waste” water and use it for potable supply

Wat

er s

uppl

y

Was

tew

ater

Stor

mw

ater

Kilolitres per householdper year

Source: Prime Minister Science, Energy & Innovation Working Group (2007)

Water systems in Melbourne

3. Ensure the Yarra keeps most of its natural flow

How we can secure Melbourne’s water needs and protect the Yarra

1. Maximise the capture of stormwater

2. Recycle all “waste” water

We urge the community to:

- Celebrate and take pride in our river- Enjoy our river’s wonders

- Understand the river’s ecology and its needs

Connect

Please support the Yarra Riverkeepers and invite us to speak at your next forum

Our Yarra needs YOUR helpEmbrace Water Sensitive Urban Design and

help ensure a safe and healthy river for the future

Ilona DorianRegional Stormwater Policy Advisor

Clearwater


Keysha Milenkovic and Jamie Comley

Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Australia

Keysha Milenkovic & Jamie ComleyMelbourne Water, Melbourne, Australia

Why we need it?

POLICY TO SUPPORTWATER SENSITIVE

URBAN DESIGN

What is it?

How we go about it?

Victoria, Australia

38 METROPOLITIAN COUNCILS AND 41

REGIONAL COUNCILS

Who needs to know?

• Councils• Drainage Authorities• Water Retailers• Developers• Land Owners• Consultants


Population and Demand• Increasing rapidly

… Increasing urban densities (� impervious area)

… Increasing total area (� impervious area)

• Increasing water demand

• Increasing environmental impact

• Water restrictions

WHY DO WE NEED POLICY?


Urban land use

= increased pollutants in catchment

Direct route to waterway = limited treatment potential

Result

= decreased runoff quality

= damage to receiving waterways

Run-off Quality


Opportunities• Increasing reuse

• Targets to reduce nutrient discharges

• Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

… Protect natural systems… Integrate water treatment into landscape… Protect water quality… Reduce runoff and peak flows… Adds value


We need to return to a

more natural water cycle!

Clause 56.07-4• Residential Subdivision • Introduced 9 October 2006• Sustainable Neighbourhoods Provisions• Applies to Residential Subdivision in:

… Residential 1, 2 and 3 Zones… Mixed Use Zone … Township Zone … Comprehensive Development Zone … Priority Development Zone

THE POLICY

Clause 56.07-4 – Urban Runoff Management

• ‘To minimise damage to properties and inconvenience to residents from urban run-off.’

• ‘To ensure that the street operates adequately during major storm events and provides for public safety.’

• ‘To minimise increases in stormwater run-off and protect the environmental values and physical characteristics of receiving waters from degradation by urban run-off.’

THE POLICY

Targets

• Requires new residential subdivision to meet best practice stormwater management targets:� 80% reduction in Total Suspended Solids (TSS)� 45% reduction in Total Phosphorus (TP)� 45% reduction in Total Nitrogen (TN)� 70% reduction in Gross Pollutants (litter)� Maintain 1.5-year ARI flow discharges at pre-development levels

THE POLICY

Approach

Promotes distributed water quality treatment

at or nearthe source of polluted runoff

• Treatment needs to be incorporated into the development … Easy to integrate into landscape if planned early… Don’t wait to stipulate requirement by condition!

• Councils should consider building capacity among staff to assess such models

USEFUL TIP:

Stormwater quality treatment standards only require an average of 2% of a subdivision area to meet best practice

Tools

• STORM - for smaller, simpler treatments that do not propose WSUD measures in series (free software)

• MUSIC model - for larger, more complicated systems including ‘treatment trains’ (licensed software)

The Gaps• Does not apply to subdivision of existing buildings – infill

• Does not apply to commercial/industrial

• Does not adequately address the Directly Connected Imperviousness (DCI) issue

Addressing the gaps• Develop Local Planning Policies to strengthen policy backing

• Use other planning policies to support your decisions

• Provide feedback on policy issues to DPCD, MAV, PIA etc. (get active to initiate change!)

Achieving better WSUD planning outcomes

• Go beyond existing policies – look at using stormwater on-site to meet Clause 56.07 and deliver greener developments

• Talk across council departments (e.g. Planning, Eng)

• Communicate with applicants as early as possible

• Inform and negotiate with applicants for better, mutually beneficial outcomes

Wrapping up…

Planning policies aim to protect our waterways from the damaging effects of urbanisation

Planning policy sets your direction

HOWEVER…

Through good communication early in the process, and using the support of the full suite of existing policies, councils are able to

negotiate solutions beyond the minimum requirements…

…… stormwater quality treatment standards only require an average of 2% of a subdivision area to meet best practice

Assistance Available

• www.clearwater.asn.au – includes resources and information on upcoming training courses

• www.wsud.melbournewater.com.au – includes STORM, fact sheets, guidelines, WSUD treatment types and case studies

• http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/planning – includes Planning Practice Note on Clause 56.07

• ldm.melbournewater.com.au - includes offsets and contributions rates and offsets application forms (Form A)

• Presenter: Ilona Dorian (Clearwater)

Floor QuestionsAlex Lee

Ian PenroseIlona Dorian


Jonathan Griffin

Team Leader Development Coordinator

Greater Shepparton City Council


Steve CobdenStudent Development Engineer


Lessons from the past influencing designs for the future

Lake 1 is a 1980’s designed lake to provide

landscape amenity and fill for developing

within flood encumbered land

Lake 2 is a 1990’s designed lake with

some stormwater treatment known as the

“serpentine”

Lake 3 is a 2000’s designed lake with

stormwater treatment function

Lake 1

Lake 2

Lake 3

•IT IS A HOLE IN THE GROUND!

•NO INTEGRATION WITH PASSIVE OR ACTIVE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

•DOESN’T SUPPORT OTHER WSUD PRINCIPLES

•SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO VEGETATION FROM RECENT FLOODS

•FULLY INTEGRATED

WITH EXISTING

FLOODWAY

•IS AFFECTED BY HIGH

RIVER EVENTS

•DOESN’T LOOK LIKE A

HOLE IN THE GROUND

•NOT PRACTICAL TO PROVIDE WSUD ON

SOME SITES

•UNLIKELY TO BE MAINTAINED OR

RETAINED OVER LONG TERM PERIOD

•CONTRIBUTE TO OFF SITE WORKS

•INTEGRATION OF RAINWATER TANKS WITH

STORMWATER RETENTION

Jonathan Griffin – Team Leader Development


Ph. 5832 9825

Steven Cobden – Student Development Engineer


Ph 5832 9825

Matt Wilson

Senior Urban Designer

Hume City Council


Clearwater Hot Topics Seminar26 October 2010

Case Study: Main Street Extension Broadmeadows

Matt WilsonHume City CouncilSenior Urban Designer

� Overview�Context and Reasons for establishing

WSUD�Stakeholders�Design Process (and challenges) �Construction Phase (and challenges)� Lessons

�Desired Outcomes� Change perceptions about Broadmeadows� Improve the quality of the public realm� Create an integrated and coherent precinct

�Context and Reasons for Establishing WSUD

Stakeholders�

�Design Process (and challenges)

�ConstructionPhase (and challenges)

� Communication and Coordination

�Melbourne Water inspections

�Lessons� Get stakeholders onboard early!

� Use all available resources

� Leverage greater urban outcomes

�Broadmeadows Town Park� Stormwater Harvesting� 500KL Capacity� Irrigation + Natural Flows

Erika JeremyDevelopment Manager

Aurora


Aurora - Creating the suburb of the future

� Approx. 40kms north CBD

� Project delivery over 20 years

� 8,000 future dwellings

� 25,000 future residents

� 6 star designed homes with WSUD

� 4 key sustainable initiatives CBD

MELBOURNE

Integrated Water Management

Black Water + Grey Water ��CLASS A RECYCLED WATER� Yarra Valley Water on-site treatment plant became operational in March 2009

� All homes at Aurora and nearby City of Whittlesea recreation assets will be connected to the facility

� Recycled water used for irrigation, toilet flushing, laundry use and car washing

Integrated Water Management

Stormwater Management

NOW: Bio-retention swales in nature stripsRain water tanks not required

NEXT: Streetscape rain gardensRain Water for Hot WaterEdgars Creek rehabilitation

Community Benefits

Community benefits� 1200 residents now call Aurora home� Savings on home running costs and the benefits of recycled water has been

a key selling feature� Extensive community engagement programs are in place

Extensive stakeholder buy-in and commitment� VicUrban� City of Whittlesea� Melbourne Water� EPA Victoria� Yarra Valley Water

Floor QuestionsSteve Cobden/Jonathon Griffin

Matt WilsonErika Jeremy


Contact Clearwater

03 9235 5335

[email protected]

www.clearwater.asn.au

Thank you

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Hot Topics Series 2010 - Home | Clearwater - training and