HotPIPETM

User Manual

HotPIPE®

User Manual For Version: 1.0.4

Copyright © 2010-2016 OPIMsoft Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

HotPIPETM

User Manual

INDEX

1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1

2 INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................. 2

3 HOW TO USE ................................................................................................................... 3

4 THEORY ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... 8

5 FORMULATION .............................................................................................................. 10

5.1 Abstract of Analysis Models ............................................................................. 10

5.2 Analytical Model and Explanation of Symbols ................................................. 11

5.3 Discrimination between Type-Ia and Ib............................................................ 14

5.4 Type-Ia ............................................................................................................ 15

5.5 Type-Ib ............................................................................................................ 16

6 NUMERICAL CHECK EXAMPLE ................................................................................... 18

6.1 Analysis Model ................................................................................................ 18

6.2 I/O Sheet ......................................................................................................... 19

6.3 Result .............................................................................................................. 20

6.4 Numerical Check (By Hand Calculation) ......................................................... 20

7 TECHNICAL SUPPORT & AUTHORIZATION ................................................................ 25

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User Manual

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1 FUNCTION

In transportation of high pour point oil, it is necessary to heat fluid transported in order to

increase efficiency of transportation.

When heated heavy oil is transported like this, piping system covered by thermal insulation

shielded with casing pipe is commonly used in order to decrease loss of temperature of

heating.

HotPIPETM mainly analyzes behavior of such buried double tube piping system applied by

temperature difference and internal pressure. Single pipe system is supported as well.

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2 INSTALLATION

To start to use HotPIPETM, please:

For soft lock edition user:

1. Download software from official website to licensed PC.

2. Replace the original “license.dll” file with the one received.

3. Double click “HotPIPE.exe” icon in the folder to start the software.

For dongle edition user:

1. Download software from official website.

2. Replace the original “license.dll” file with the one received.

3. Insert the attached dongle into one of USB ports of your PC.

4. Double click “HotPIPE.exe” icon in the folder to start the software.

HotPIPETM runs on PC with Windows OS.

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3 HOW TO USE

Brief procedure of running HotPIPETM is shown as following:

1. Input parameters

Fill all the blanks in “Input Parameters” groupbox.

Fig. 3.1 Main interface of HotPIPETM

2. Run the analysis

Click tool button “Run” to start the analysis, an output file with the name specified in “Output

File Name” blank will be generated in “output” folder in root directory of the software.

3. Functions of tool buttons

“Load Case” button: Load the saved input files.

“Save Case” button: Save the parameters inputted into an input file.

“View Result” button: View the output file.

“Help” button: Call the help document.

“Pipe Type” Groupbox: Specify the type of pipe, pipe-in-pipe or single pipe. If single pipe is

specified, some input items about carrier pipe will change to green and cannot be edited, as

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shown in Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.2 Single pipe interface

All the “Auto” button: Calculate the corresponding value automatically.

All the “Default” button: Fill the corresponding blank with default value.

All the “Calculator” button: Help you to calculate corresponding value. Customer maybe

needs to provide some necessary value.

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Fig. 3.3 Area Calculator interface of HotPIPETM

Fig. 3.4 External Pressure Calculator interface of HotPIPETM

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Fig. 3.5 Friction Load Calculator interface of HotPIPETM

Fig. 3.6 Spring Constant Calculator interface of HotPIPETM

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The “End Effect Length (m)” blank in spring constant calculator means the length of pipe

between the bend and clamp. In the model, the end effect is considered as spring constant

approximate KB shown as following illustration:

Fig. 3.7 End effect spring model for HotPIPETM

3B

B

3

L

EI3K

Δ

PK

EI3

PLΔ

Where:

E: Young’s modulus of steel;

I: Inertia moment of pipe (both the casing and carrier pipe).

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4 THEORY ABSTRACT

Fig. 4.1 Behavior of piping system due to temperature difference

Dotted line in Figure 4.1 shows behavior of piping system due to temperature difference: ΔT

and internal pressure: P acting on the system.

In this case, as pipeline is buried sufficiently in long distance it is expected that large

expansion of piping system occur at the edge restrained portion.

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Fig. 4.2 Double tube piping system

Figure 4.2 shows double tube piping system.

In this case, axial expansion of P/L in burial portion caused by temperature difference is

restrained by friction between casing pipe and ambient soil.

If there is no rigid point between casing pipe and carrier pipe, large expansion in proportion

to temperature difference: ΔT is resulted at the edge of carrier pipe (BEND), and excessive

stress is caused in P/L, because there is nothing to restrain the expansion of carrier pipe

(Friction force exist between spacer and P/L, but generally it is very small to consider.).

And inside diameter of casing pipe is necessary to have enough room for expansion of P/L.

To copy with this situation it is indispensable for both casing/carrier pipes to collaborate each

other by setting several rigid points between the both pipes because in this way expansion of

carrier pipe due to temperature difference is restrained by collaboration of casing pipe which

utilize friction between casing pipe and ambient soil.

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5 FORMULATION

5.1 Abstract of Analysis Models

Fig. 5.1 Double tube piping system

Figure 5.1 shows that models of analysis are classified two types based on whether

restrained portion of casing pipe exists or not.

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5.2 Analytical Model and Explanation of Symbols

Analytical model and explanation of symbols are shown as follows:

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Symbol Explanation

CONSTANTS

Ei Young’s modulus of carrier pipe (ton/m2)

Eo Young’s modulus of casing pipe (ton/m2)

ν Poisson ratio of carrier/casing pipe

α Coefficient of linear expansion

PIPE

DIMENSIONS

Di Outside diameter of carrier pipe (m)

Do Outside diameter of casing pipe (m)

ti Wall thickness of carrier pipe (m)

to Wall thickness of casing pipe (m)

Asi Section area of carrier pipe (m2)

Aso Section area of casing pipe (m2)

Aii Bore area of carrier pipe (m2)

Aio Bore area of casing pipe (m2)

LOADS

Pi Internal pressure of carrier pipe (kg/cm2)

Po Internal pressure of casing pipe (kg/cm2)

Pe External pressure of casing pipe (kg/cm2)

ΔTi Temperature difference of carrier pipe (oC)

ΔTo Temperature difference of casing pipe (oC)

Fi Restrained force of carrier pipe (ton)

i

iioiiiiiii

t2

AsDPPνAiPTΔαAsEF

Fo Restrained force of casing pipe (ton)

o

ooeooooooo

2t

AsDPPνAiPαΔTAsEF

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Symbol Explanation

L Total length (m)

LB Length for discrimination between Type-Ia and Ib (m)

Lo (a) Unrestrained length of casing pipe (m)

(b) Length from unmoved point to end of P/L of casing pipe (m)

Li Length from unmoved point to end of P/L of carrier pipe (m)

KB Spring constant of P/L end (ton/m)

Wf Friction force (ton/m)

Ko, Ki o

ooo

L

AsEK

i

iii

L

AsEK

δB Expansion of point B (m)

A

oN ,B

oN Axial force of “O” member end (ton)

D

iN ,B

iN Axial force of “i” member end (ton)

R Spring reaction of P/L end (ton)

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5.3 Discrimination between Type-Ia and Ib

Type-Ia, Ib is discriminated by calculating boundary length of Type Ia,b: LB(restrained length

is zero) on basis of Type-Ia.

L>LB TYPE-Ia

L<LB TYPE-Ib

L: Total length of model

Boundary length LB is calculated by following condition that axial force of O and O’ members

equal to axial force: Fo of restrained portion.

o

A

o FN

o

A

o FN '

1f

oo1f

2

oofoof

oKW

FAsEKW2AsEWAsEWL

(5.1)

Bi1 KKK

oi FFF

'

''

1f

oo1f

2

oofoof

oKW

FAsEKW2AsEWAsEWL

(5.2)

''' Bi1 KKK

'ooB LLL

Position of un-moved point of carrier pipe calculated by continuous condition of axial force of

i and i’ members at un-moved point: D is as follows.

D

i

D

i NN '

'''

'''

BoBBoB

BBiiBoBi

KKFKKF

FFAsELKKFL

(5.3)

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Accordingly, next two parameters are calculated by iterative method.

Lo, Lo’ o

A

o

A

o FNN '

Li, Li’ D

i

D

i NN '

Where

2

LWFF of

B

2

LWFF of

B

''

5.4 Type-Ia

In case of type-Ia, un-restrained length Lo, Lo’, position of un-moved point: D(Li, Li’) and edge

expansion δB, δB’ are unknown.

In case of Lo, Lo’, Li and Li’ are assumed, edge expansion is calculated by following

equations.

'''

''

Bio

BB

Bio

BB

KKK

Fδ

KKK

Fδ

(5.4)

Besides, Lo and Lo’ are calculated by boundary condition that axial force of fixed point equal

to Fo according to assumed Li and Li’.

1f

oo1f

2

oofoof

oKW

FAsEKW2AsEWAsEWL

(5.5)

Where

Bi1 KKK

oi FFF

''

'''''

1f

oo1f

2

oofoof

oKW

FAsEKW2AsEWAsEWL

(5.6)

''' Bi1 KKK

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Position of un-moved point: D of carrier pipe is calculated by following equations using of

continuous condition of axial force at un-moved point( D

i

D

i NN ' ) according to assumed Lo and

Lo’.

(Li’=L-Li)

'''

'''

BoBBoB

BBiiBoBi

KKFKKF

FFAsELKKFL

(5.7)

Accordingly, Lo, Lo’, Li and Li’ are calculated by iterative method.

Sectional forces of each members are calculated by following equations.

(boundary condition δA=δD=0)

i

i

D

B

i

ii

D

i

B

i

i

i

B

D

i

ii

B

i

D

i

ofo

ofo

A

B

o

oo

A

o

B

o

ofo

ofo

B

A

o

oo

B

o

A

o

F

F

δ

δ

11

11

L

AsE

N

N

F

F

δ

δ

11

11

L

AsE

N

N

2

LWF

2

LWF

δ

δ

11

11

L

AsE

N

N

2

LWF

2

LWF

δ

δ

11

11

L

AsE

N

N

'

'

'

''

'

'

'

'

'

(5.8)

5.5 Type-Ib

In case of type-Ib, restrained portion does not exist.

Un-moved point of casing pipe: A (Lo, Lo’)

Un-moved point of carrier pipe: D (Li, Li’)

Expansion of edge: δB, δB’

Above values are unknown.

Expansion of edge δB and δB’ are calculated by assumed Lo, Lo’, Li and Li’ as following

equations.

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'''

''

Bio

BB

Bio

BB

KKK

Fδ

KKK

Fδ

(5.9)

Besides, Lo and Lo’ are calculated by continuous condition of axial force at un-moved point of

casing pipe according to assumed Li and Li’ as following equations.

A

o

A

o NN '

0KK2

LAsEWAsELWKKFLAsE

LKKKK

2

LWKKK2K2LAsEW

AsEW2KKKKFAsE

LKKKK2

LW3KKKK

2

AsEW3LKKKKW

Bi

2

oof2

oofBioo

o

BiBi

2

fBiBioof

2

oofBiBioo

2

oBiBif

BiBioof3

oBiBif

''''

''''

''

''''''

(5.10)

Accordingly Li, Li’ and section force of each members are calculated as same as 5.4

TYPE-Ia.

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6 NUMERICAL CHECK EXAMPLE

Numerical check is conducted for example submarine pipeline as follows.

6.1 Analysis Model

Carrier Pipe Casing Pipe

Out Diameter Di = 0.16828 m Do = 0.32385 m

Thickness ti = 0.00632 m to = 0.01113 m

Section Area Asi = 0.00322 m2 Aso = 0.01093 m

2

Bore Area Aii = 0.01902 m2 -

Coefficient of Linear Expansion α = 0.000012

Young’s Modulus E = 2.1×107 ton/m

2

Poisson’s Ratio 0.3

Internal Pressure Pi = 150 ton/m2 -

Temperature Difference ΔTi = 72 oC ΔTo = 32

oC

Note, internal pressure of annulus between casing pipe and carrier pipe are ignored here.

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6.2 I/O Sheet

I/O sheets are indicated as follows.

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6.3 Result

Result indicated by I/O sheets is shown as follows for,

-- restrained portion, un-restrained portion,

-- expansion

-- spring reaction etc.

This model is type-Ia because of boundary length of type-Ia & b: 1383.6m.

Accordingly, this model is inspected as follows.

As the model is symmetry from above figure, numerical check is performed on RIGHT HAND

only.

6.4 Numerical Check (By Hand Calculation)

(1) Thermal Force

Casing Pipe: Fo:

OKton1488

00Po3210210109301012

AiPt2

AsDPνTΔαEAsF

57

oo

o

oooooo

.

....

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Carrier Pipe: Fi:

OKton3459

8529314258

0190201500063202

003220168280150307210210032201012

AiPt2

AsDPPνTΔαEAsF

57

ii

i

iioiiii

.

...

..

......

(2) Friction Length of Casing Pipe: Lo

From Eq. (5.5)

1f

oo1f

2

oofoof

oKW

FAsEKW2AsEWAsEWL

Where

ton4814714883459FFF oi ...

Bi1 KKK

mton6986780

0032201012

L

AsEK

7

i

iii /.

..

mton991063206986K1 /...

m46700

991061810455109941544

991061810

481470109301012991061810201093010121810

01093010121810L

727

7

o

.

../..

../

........

...

(3) Length from Un-moved Point to End of Carrier Pipe: Li

From Eq. (5.7)

'''

'''

BoBBoB

BBiiBoBi

KKFKKF

FFAsELKKFL

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According to condition of symmetry

'BB FF

'oo KK

'BB KK

OKm07802

1560

2

LLi .

(4) Elongation at Point B

From Eq. (5.9)

Bio

BB

KKK

Fδ

Where

ton0984

2

46700181014883459

2

LWFF

2

LWFF of

oiof

B

.

....

mton6832746700

0109301012

L

AsEK

7

o

ooo /.

.

..

OKm1930320698668327

0984δB .

...

.

(5) Member Force (Axial Force)

Casing Pipe:

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From Eq. (5.8)

OKton388

2

46700181014881930

46700

0109301012

2

FWFδ

L

AsEN

7

ofoB

o

ooA

o

.

....

.

..

OKton538

2

46700181014881930

46700

0109301012

2

FWFδ

L

AsEN

7

ofoB

o

ooB

o

.

....

.

..

A

oN and B

oN have small error on comparison with I/O sheets, because this error is

considered effect of significant figure.

Carrier Pipe:

From Eq. (5.8)

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OKton642

34591930780

0032201012

FδL

AsEN

7

iB

i

iiD

i

.

....

OKton642

34591930780

0032201012

FδL

AsEN

7

iB

i

iiB

i

.

....

D

iN and B

iN have small error on comparison with I/O sheets, because this error is

considered effect of significant figure.

(6) Reaction of Spring Support: R

OKton931930320δKR BB ...

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7 TECHNICAL SUPPORT & AUTHORIZATION

For technical support and authorization of HotPIPETM, please visit:

http://www.opimsoft.com

or contact:

support@opimsoft.com