Housing sample Pemanas air Housing sample II

Cooler

Thermocouple l

Pump ll

Pump l

Thermocouple ll

Graphic panel

Flow meter

9000 8500

8000

7500 7000

6500

6000 5500 C

ondu

ctiv

ity (:s

/cm

)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (min)

Without citric acid

Citric acid 5 ppm

Citric acid 10 ppm

Citric acid 20 ppm

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Mas

s sc

ale

(mg)

30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C

13

28

49

80

Temperature

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Mas

s sc

ale

(mg)

Without additive

Citric acid 5 ppm

Citric acid 10 ppm

Citric acid 20 ppm

13 10

6 4

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Inte

nsity

V C

V

C

V C C V

V V

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 22(o)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)