How are new plants formed?• from seeds (sexual reproduction)

• by producing things such asbulbs or tubers (asexual reproduction).

Structure of a flowering plant

• The leaves — these use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make food by photosynthesis.

There are four main organs of a flowering plant :

• The flower - contains the reproductive organs.

• The stem — this provides support and a transport system for water and minerals to the leaves and flowers and to transport food from the leaves to the roots.

• The roots — these anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals.

The Parts of a Flower

• Most flowers have four parts:

• sepals,

• petals,

• stamens,

• carpels.

The parts of a flower

Petals attract insects.Sepals protect the bud until it opens.

Stamens make pollen. Pistil is the female organ

Stamen (male)• Anther: pollen grains

grow in the anther.

When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open.

stamens

POLLEN

Pistil (female)• Stigma

• Style

• Carpel (ovary)

• Ovules (eggs)

pistilstamens

12

Checkpoint

Cross pollination - pollination istransferred from the male partof one plant to the femalepart of another plant.

Self pollination -pollen is transferred from the male partof a plant to the female partof the same plant.

BAT POLLINATION

BIRDPOLLINATORS

Wind Pollination

These plants typically do NOT have brightly colored flowers.

Examples include trees and grasses.

Wind Pollination

Pollination

Regardless of the type, the process is the same.

The pollen settles on the stigma, and a pollen tube grows to the ovary.

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION

One sperm joins withone egg to form anembryo plant.

One sperm joins with two polar cells to become endosperm(stored food).

(within the ovule)

Fruit

The ovule turns into the seed and the ovary develops into a fruit.

ovule seed

ovary fruit

AFTER FERTILIZATION

epicotyl

seedcoat

cotyledon

hypocotyl

micropyle

The Seed

Fruits contain seeds and helpto disperse seeds.

SEED DISPERSAL

dispersal by animals

buried

eaten

stick to fur or clothing

WINDDISPERSAL

WATER DISPERSAL

MECHANICALDISPERSAL