How better food security is making island life healthier of hope from the... · How better food security is making island life healthier. ... canned foods, fatty low grade meats

Stories of hope from the Pacific 1

Stories of hope from the PacificHow better food securityis making island life healthier

2 Stories of hope from the Pacific

Pacific Island Countries face numerousobstacles to development, including size,remoteness and geographic dispersion.Most island people live in rural areas,depending on agriculture, fisheries andforestry for the food they eat and fortheir livelihoods.

Island food security is fragile. Naturaldisasters such as cyclones, flooding,drought, earthquakes, tsunamis andclimate change are ever-presentthreats.

But, today, many Pacific islanderscan live healthy lives, thanks to aseven-year food security initiative by

14 island countries supported by Italy,FAO and a broad alliance of developmentpartners. Following a positive independentassessment, the effort is about to beexpanded and extended as the FoodSecurity and Sustainable LivelihoodProgramme in the Pacific IslandCountries (FSSLP).

"The over-arching goal of the RegionalProgramme for Food Security in thePacific is to help island people growhealthier by eating more nutritious localfoods, while reducing the amount ofprocessed imported food they eat,"says Vili Fuavao, FAO SubregionalRepresentative for the Pacific Islands.

Fuavao added: "This unique andambitious effort approached foodsecurity on two tracks: A nationalinitiative and a regional one. At itsheart, the national initiative was directlyconcerned with improving the foodoutput of farmers and fishers, whilethe regional track focused on developingnew trade relations among the islands."

FAO says food security exists "whenall people, at all times, have access to

Solomon Islands: Locally grown foods like taro boost nutrition for many island people.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)

sufficient, safe and nutritious food tomeet their dietary needs and foodpreferences for an active andhealthy life."

The 1996 World Food Summitrecognized the importance of foodsecurity when it set the goal of cuttingthe number of hungry people in theworld by half by the year 2015.Keeping this goal in mind, 14 PacificIsland Countries worked with FAO,using initial funding from Italy ofUS$4.5 million to establish 26 nationalfood security projects in their countries.

The projects helped farmers boostfood production and incomes, whichled to better nutrition as the varietyand availability of local food increasedwhile incomes grew. More than 43 500people were trained in livestockimprovement, crop intensification, foodprocessing and adding value to localfood products through modernpackaging.

FAO and its development partners arelooking to the future these days asthey prepare to launch the follow-oninitiative that will foster growing hopeamong island people, with greaterlivelihood opportunities and betternutrition as a wider variety of local foodproducts are made available at morereasonable prices.

Improving life in the PacificBetter agriculture and fishing

Samoa: Vili Fuavao, FAO Subregional Representativefor the Pacific Islands. (FAO/Holland Tofinga)

Samoa: Natural disasters are a constant threat tofood security. (FAO/John Riddle)

Stories of hope from the Pacific 3Stories of hope from the Pacific 3

The eating habits and food customs ofPacific islanders have remained muchthe same for thousands of years, partlybecause of their remoteness. Traditionaldiets consisted largely of fresh fish,root crops, and local fruits andvegetables.

This changed dramatically in thesecond half of the twentieth centuryas island diets shifted to rice, flour,instant noodles, canned foods, fattylow grade meats like mutton flaps andturkey tails, washed down withcarbonated soft drinks high in sugar.Such foods are becoming a mainstayof many Pacific island diets.

According to FAO Food and NutritionOfficer Dirk Schulz, "It is common forpeople to sell locally grown producesuch as root crops and freshly caughtfish in order to buy processedimported foods like tinned fish, cornedbeef and polished white rice to feedtheir families".

At the same time, a more sedentarylifestyle among islanders has led tosome of the highest obesity rates inthe world. This places a heavy burdenon Pacific island economies, particularlyon their healthcare systems.

"The lives of far too many people arebeing cut short by heart disease,diabetes, stroke and cancer," explainsSchulz. "Very often the main incomeearner of the household is afflicted atthe peak of a professional career,which can seriously impact thelivelihood of the entire family."

Local food can be costlyHealthy locally produced foods aregenerally more expensive and moredifficult to store and prepare. Rootcrops and fish are increasingly beingexported to lucrative overseas markets.This reduces the local supply andcauses prices to rise, limiting theability of poor people to purchaselocal staple foods for the family.

Nutrition at the core of food securitySafe and healthy local food

"The food security programme inthe Pacific made some importantinterventions to address these issuesall along the food chain, from farm tofork," says Schulz. "Efforts to enhanceproduction and productivity across arange of commodities were aimed atincreasing the local food supply. Atthe same time, capacity to handlepost harvest crops was upgraded toreduce the amount of food lost tospoilage before it could be marketed.Food handling and market linkageswere strengthened in innovative waysthat added value and convenience tolocally grown foods, while ensuringhigh standards of food safety andquality.

"For instance, cassava farmers inVanuatu were assisted to producedried cassava chips, which are thenmilled into flour. This enabled farmersto reduce the losses associated withthe sale of fresh cassava root, whileincreasing shelf life and productvalue," according to Schulz.

"In view of recent high food pricesand the global economic situation,the need to strive for a food securePacific has become even moreimportant," warns Schulz.

Kiribati: Kabuati Teuriaria and Merean Teunnang enjoy locally grown pandanus fruit.(FAO/Tianeti I Beenna)

Vanuatu: FAO nutrition officer Dirk Schulz showsoff locally produced cassava flour. (FAO/Siliana Luatua)

Kiribati: Kabuati Teuriaria and Merean Teunnang enjoy locally grown pandanus fruit.(FAO/Tianeti I Beenna)


The 26 food security projectsdeveloped by FAO and its partnerswere designed to increase betteraccess to healthy foods and to raiseisland living standards while providingthe skills needed for internationaltrade. Most of the projects havenow become self-sustaining andcontinue to improve the lives ofthose involved.

In Fiji and Papua New Guinea,rice-growing projects suppliedenhanced rice varieties to seedcentres and trained farmers in ricecultivation. According to SakiusaTubuna, National Project Coordinatorfor Fiji, "So far we have noticed theimproved yield of rice from 2.5 tonnesper hectare to almost 7 tonnes perhectare. So, we think the project hascontributed significantly to the foodsecurity of our people."

Home garden development in theMarshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru and

Country projects offer hopeFrom fruit to sheep, increasing local food options

Tuvalu encouraged and supportedhousehold food production by creatingcommunity gardens. Fred Muller,National Project Coordinator for theMarshall Islands, explained: "Some ofour problems include a lot of foodimports coming in and we would liketo increase the local food productionbase and not rely so heavily onimports."

Farmers discoverunexpected benefitsChicken permaculture projects inNiue and Samoa encouraged low inputsystems that made it possible forsmall farmers to manage and increasetheir food security. TaufakavaluTukiuha, a small farmer in Niue,said, "I think I'm so happy becausethe project is of great benefit to meand my family at the household leveland also we export the manure thatwe get from the chickens to Singaporeand Manila."

Fruit tree projects in the Cook Islandsand Papua New Guinea introducedsuperior materials and methods toboost fruit production. "The wholeidea behind introducing these fruittrees such as rambutan, abiu,mangosteen, durian and so forth, is toincrease the variety of fruits that areavailable in the Cook Islands," saysWilliam Wigmore, who served asthe National Project Coordinator forthe fruit tree project in the CookIslands.

A banana rehabilitation project in theFederated States of Micronesiaestablished an acclimatization unitin Chuuk to provide hands-onexperience for agriculture staff andfarmers, so disease free bananaplantlets can be raised to thetransplanting stage.

Tonga’s honeybee project is lookingfor ways to restore the sector so itcan support the horticulture industry.“The honeybee development projectwas designed to assist the squashand tomato industry in Tonga and wesee the honeybee as an increasingpollinating agent for squash andwatermelon and even fruits andflowers. And, at the same time, welook at the opportunities for honey asa by-product to become an incomegenerating opportunity for somefarmers," says Viliami Fakara, theNational Coordinator in Tonga.

The beekeeping project madeNetane Tonga a successful youngfarmer. Thanks to the project, hereceived tools, equipment and trainingto become a honeybee farmer. Hishoney found such a receptive marketamong the cruise ship visitors toVava'u that he will soon expand his

Marshall Islands: Dwarf coconut seedlings will expand island food supply.(FAO Photo)


apiary because he can no longer meetthe growing demand for his honey.

In Samoa and Tonga, sheep projectshelped broaden the variety of foodavailable on the islands by helpingpeople start their own sheep farms so

they don't have to rely on overseasimports.

Value adding projects in Palau,Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatutrained people in food processing,food safety and marketing.

A butcheries project in Vanuatu builtrural butcheries to help small farmerstake advantage of market opportunitiesand upgraded management standardsand food safety practices. "Already it'sshowing some impact and we arelooking forward to it being even morehelpful in the future," says Frazer Bule,National Project Coordinator in Vanuatu.

As the food security programme ends,many of its projects have nudged

South-South Cooperationstrengthens synergies amongdeveloping countries in the fieldof agriculture. Started in 1996, itbrings together countries thatrequest know-how with countriesthat can provide it. Undercountry-to-country agreements,technicians and experts fromemerging developing countrieswork directly with farmers in hostcountries, sharing their knowledgeand skills.

In order to help the farmers whotook part in the 26 food securityprojects in the Pacific, China andthe Philippines provided expertsand technicians with funding ofUS$2.8 million from FAO'sRegular Programme budget.

Field techniciansFour South-South experts wereposted in Samoa and four in PapuaNew Guinea to direct the work of 56technicians. The 28 technicians fromChina were posted to the CookIslands, Niue, Federated States ofMicronesia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga andVanuatu. The 28 technicians from thePhilippines were posted to Kiribati,Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea,Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands andTuvalu.

Fang Xu, team leader of theChinese group, explained hissatisfaction with the work this way:"All the projects help the local peopleimprove their own food security. Weachieved a lot. We have been verysuccessful thanks to the help of thelocal governments and their staff."

According to an independentevaluation of the food securityprogramme, South-SouthCooperation in the Pacific proved"to be an innovative, efficient,cost effective tool to boostincome-generating activities at thecountry level."

South-South CooperationSharing know-how

Fiji: Farmer sees the benefits of sturdier ricestrains. (FAO Photo)

Samoa: A poultry project means more food forislanders. (FAO Photo)

Kiribati: Sharing technical know-how(FAO Photo)

food production towards self-sufficiency. This, in effect, will lessenthe dependence of the islands onfood imports, saving limited foreignexchange reserves for other sectorsof their economies.


The food security programme takes atwin-track approach to reducing foodproblems: The national track and theregional track. The regional trackfocuses largely on building tradeopportunities for island countries. Intrade, poor food quality and safetyreduce access to export markets formost of the Pacific islands. Theseproblems are made worse by nationalfood and trade laws that are weakand out of date.

When it comes to trade in agriculture,fisheries and forestry, the PacificIsland Countries fall into three distinctgroups:

Atolls like the Federated States ofMicronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, theRepublic of the Marshall Islands,Tuvalu and Palau are small, with verylimited natural resources and poor soil

where subsistence farming dominateswith little surplus left for trade.

The Cook Islands, Tonga and Samoaare medium-sized islands engaging intrade mainly for import substitution.

It is in the larger islands, Papua NewGuinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatuand Fiji, where farmers producesufficient agricultural goods for export.

Obstacles to tradingNo matter their size, the Pacificislands face many difficult challengeswhen it comes to developing a viabletrade sector. The poor quality andlimited availability of planting material,the lack of efficient pest control andhigh post-harvest losses, caused bypoor agro-processing techniques,conspire to hold them back. Pooranimal health, high feed costs and

underdeveloped domestic and exportindustries all work against them.

By far the greatest roadblock toincreased trade is the lack of capacityto meet international food quality andsafety standards. Weak and ineffectivefood standards systems prevent themfrom reaping the economic andemployment benefits of internationaltrade in agricultural goods andproducts. So, the regional track of thefood security programme focuses onramping up national and regionalagricultural trade capacities,strengthening food quality and safetyregimes and developing national foodlaws.

FAO coordinated regional trainingon food quality and safety and ininternational trade. The training lookedat the way food is managed in

Trade promises better jobs andstronger economiesWhen opportunity knocks

Samoa: As a rowing team practices, ships off-load more food imports in Apia.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)


relation to international trade and therequirements of the World TradeOrganization (WTO). The course wasdesigned and coordinated by theItalian National Institute of AgriculturalEconomics (INEA) in consultation withthe Council of Regional Organizationsin the Pacific (CROP) and FAO.

According to Andrea Serpagli,the INEA consultant at the trainingsession: "Our wish and hope is thatwe have somehow contributed to thefuture development of inter-regionaland extra-regional trade in theregion."

As part of the programme, FAOdesigned the regional food and relatedsubjects model legislative template,which helps strengthen national lawsconcerning food and agriculturalpractices. It also helps promote tradein food and agricultural products.

As the food security programmenears completion, food productionhas improved towards self-sufficiency,in effect somewhat lessening thedependence of the islands onimports and saving limited foreignexchange reserves for other growingsectors of their economies.

Future trade and export developmentstrategies for the islands will beinfluenced by the on-going processof meeting WTO agreements forexisting members like Fiji, PapuaNew Guinea, the Solomon Islandsand Tonga, as well as the concurrentnegotiations for entry into WTO bypotential members such as Samoaand Vanuatu.

In addition to WTO, regional trade inagriculture is also regulated by anumber of other existing agreements.These include, the South PacificRegional Trade and Economic

"New Zealand is a key strategicexport market for Pacific islandproducts," says Vili Fuavao, FAOSubregional Representative forthe Pacific Islands. "Pacific IslandCountries export more than NZ$100million worth of products to NewZealand every year, partly becausethe large Pacific island communityliving there has created a market forisland produce and products. Thereis the potential to increase this tradefurther. One of the first steps toachieve this would be to betterunderstand the export processand the market."

To help fill this trade regulationknowledge gap, FAO produced theDVD Pacific Island Products - Destinedfor New Zealand - Understanding theProcess. The DVD was fundedthrough the food security programmeand was coordinated and prepared byFAO and the Pacific Islands Trade andInvestment Commission in Auckland,New Zealand.

New Zealand offers Pacific islandexporters tremendous tradeopportunities because demand fortropical and exotic products isgrowing rapidly as the tastes ofNew Zealanders widen with travelexperiences, education and increasingethnic diversity.

The regional track engaged incommodity chain studies in threecountries, Kiribati for breadfruit,Fiji for a number of vegetables forimport substitution and Vanuatufor the nagai nut for regional andinternational trade.

Co-operation Agreement (SPARTECA),which allow preferential access toAustralia and New Zealand, the CotonouAgreement for European marketsand the Generalised Systems ofPreference (GSP) for Europe, Japanand the United States of America.

Marshall Islands: There are markets for islandproduce like this custard apple, if food standardscan be met. (FAO Photo)

Papua New Guinea: Increased trade could raise standards of living for small farmers.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)


The Pacific islands are blessed withan abundance of good sunshine,plentiful rain and fertile soil, theperfect ingredients for growing freshproduce. Being located between theAsian, Australasian and Americancontinents offers Pacific exporters anexcellent opportunity to become amajor supplier of fresh fruit andvegetables to these markets.

Some Pacific island growers havealready developed successful exportsin traditional and non-traditional crops,as well as new value added productslike frozen cassava, taro chips andbanana chips. Still, there is thepotential to develop many morenew exports.

Take for example the New Zealandmarket where many seasonal producevarieties are supplied all year round

by countries like the Philippines andEcuador, which are successfulbecause they can supply the marketwith large volumes at a consistentmarket quality. But with exporting,new challenges arise, like understandingthe biosecurity requirements of themarket destination as well as importerand consumer expectations of qualityand reliability.

In a region where such information isnot always easy to find and where theinternet in many cases is prohibitivelyexpensive and painfully slow, FAO'sfood security programme needed tofind another medium to get the wordout to would-be produce growers andexporters. The medium they chosewas the Digital Video Disk (DVD).Where visual information is paramountand distribution is limited, DVDstransmit far more information to

growers and exporters than abrochure. And, they are sturdy andlight to send by post. So, FAO teamedup with the Pacific Islands Trade &Investment Commission in Auckland,New Zealand to produce Pacific IslandProducts - Destined for New Zealand -Understanding the Process.

The DVD also served an unusualpurpose regarding the food security ofPacific islanders. There is a largePacific community living in NewZealand and when islanders travel,they traditionally carry food with them.So the DVD also aimed to ensure thatfood transported privately for gifts orpersonal consumption stood a betterchance of passing New Zealand'sstrict biosecurity regulations.

By watching the DVD, travelers,growers and exporters learn whatchallenges lay ahead if they choose

Creating new income opportunitiesUnderstanding global trade rules

Vanuatu: Food processing like this cassava flour mill offers islanders new export possibilities.(FAO Photo)


to bring food into, or export food toNew Zealand.

For example, all fresh produceentering New Zealand must complywith the Import Health Standardwhich outlines four main criteria forimport: that fresh produce must beinspected and passed in the countryof origin, they must have anInternational PhytosanitaryCertificate and contain below themaximum soil contamination levelsand be imported in clean newpackages.

New Zealand, like many othercountries, is concerned to protectits own crops from the fruit fly. Ifa disease like the fruit fly got intoNew Zealand it could cost the countryhundreds of millions of dollars a yearin exports. So the country hasadditional biosecurity requirements

Bilateral Quarantine Agreement (BQA)in place with New Zealand.

The BQA sets out the maximum pestlimit set by New Zealand and thetreatments that must be undertakenby the exporting country. It also laysout inspection levels on arrival inNew Zealand and contingencyactions to be undertaken by theexporting country and New Zealandif pests should be found in theproduce.

Consumer expectationsThe DVD also supplies helpfulinformation on the expectations thatimporters and consumers have whenit comes to food quality.

As Gordon Hogg of Turners andGrowers, a New Zealand food importer,explains, "One of the most importantthings is packaging, if the produce

no cartons of mixed sizing and thatsort of thing.

"One of the problems that we dohave with importing from the Pacificis the difference in grading," Hoggexplains in the DVD as he points outtwo boxes of papaya, both with thesame grade. "Here we’ve got onecarton that's green and the otherone is ripe, we really need them allto be ripe."

for imported produce that is apotential fruit fly host. In addition tomeeting the Import Health Standardregulations, countries exportingproduce to New Zealand that couldhost the fruit fly must also have a

doesn't arrive in good shape, a lot ofthe buyers won't touch it. Everythingneeds to be packed in strongpackaging and have a very nicepresentation. Grading specs have tobe pretty much spot-on as well,

Hogg leaves viewers with somesolid advice: "Whatever country cando the best job in quality and packingand price. That's what we're lookingfor and that's what our customers arelooking for."

There are still many untappedopportunities in international marketsfor fresh fruit and vegetables from thePacific islands. FAO is workingwith Pacific Island Countries andorganizations like the Pacific IslandsTrade and Investment Commission toimprove export opportunities, so thatisland people can enjoy the higherincomes and healthier lifestyles thatglobal trade can help promote.

To order the DVD, Pacific IslandProducts - Destined For New ZealandUnderstanding the Process, e-mail:Pacific Islands Trade and InvestmentCommission at [email protected] orvisit their website: www.pitic.org.nz

Tonga: Better understanding of food regulations could improve island trade options.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)

Nauru: Fruit like bananas must meet strict exportinspections. (FAO Photo)


The Food Security and SustainableLivelihood Programme in the PacificIsland Countries (FSSLP), the successorinitiative to FAO's highly successfulRegional Programme for Food Securityin the Pacific, was developed by theFAO Subregional Office for the PacificIslands with the assistance of theOrganization's Investment Centre, theInternational Fund for AgriculturalDevelopment (IFAD) and relevantmembers of the Council of RegionalOrganizations in the Pacific (CROP).

In 2010, the FSSLP will begin buildingon FAO's earlier initiative. It willincorporate the findings of anindependent evaluation of thatinitiative and draw on European Unionexperience and the lessons learnedfrom IFAD's projects in the region.The goal is to increase food availabilityand also enable greater access tonutritious food, especially for poor andvulnerable households. The initiativeplans to accomplish this by engineeringa sustainable expansion in crop and

livestock production as well asboosting the availability of foodproducts from the fisheries andforestry sectors.

The FSSLP will be implemented as astrategic investment programme withfunds of about US$42 million. It hastwo country project components -one directly addressing communityneeds, the other strengtheningservices in support of the mostvulnerable communities. A thirdcomponent will support multi-countryfood security initiatives, includingcapacity building, trade, food safetyand climate change.

Community support andhousehold investmentThe FSSLP will support activities thatpromote sustainable agriculture andsmall-scale fisheries, with particularfocus on:

organic products;farm and non-farm incomegeneration;

Future Pacific food securityA proven path forward

improving human nutrition,especially of children and women;better food processing and valuechain development and marketing;agriculture and food trade,including food safety andquality, and niche markets;sustainable natural resourcemanagement and climate changepreparedness;crop and livestock development;integration of agro-forestry andnon-timber products into thelivelihood system;small-scale fisheries and aqua-culture; and,food processing, marketing andvalue chain development.

Capacity building andservice facilitiesTo increase its impact, the FSSLP willalso support country efforts toimprove access by rural communitiesto agricultural services such as farminputs and markets. Country projectslikely to receive assistance are:

seed multiplication facilities;fish hatcheries and fishingcommunity centres;transportation infrastructure,such as wharf and boat servicing;facilities for agricultural researchand food processing;roads leading from farm-to-market; and,capacity building for developmentagencies.

The Pacific Island Countries, FAO andIFAD are keen to expand the FSSLPpartnership and are actively discussinginvestment opportunities with potentialpartners, especially in the region, ontechnical and financial aspects.

Samoa: More local food availability will improve nutrition in Pacific Island Countries.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)


Managing food securityThe countriesDespite scarce resources and limitedpersonnel, the 14 Pacific IslandCountries (shown on map) establishedNational Project Steering Committees(NPSCs) to coordinate, organizeand supervise project activities.Representation on the NPSCsincludes agencies directly concernedwith national food security. Alsorepresented on the NPSCs are localcommunities, the private sector andnon-governmental organizations.

The NPSCs build useful partnershipsand reduce chances that projects maybecome isolated from related activities.

Regional Project SteeringCommittee (RPSC)

MembershipChairperson: FAO SubregionalRepresentative for the Pacific

Representatives from each of thePacific subgroups: Melanesia,Micronesia and Polynesia

Representative of the Council forRegional Organization in thePacific (CROP)

Representative of the donor

Secretary - FAO and the RPMU

The Regional Project SteeringCommittee issues overall guidance forthe Regional Project ManagementUnit (RPMU), which is staffed by aCoordinator, Assistant Coordinatorand a number of technical experts.

South-South CooperationA total of eight regional expertswere posted in the field under theSouth-South Cooperation initiative;four in Samoa and another four inPapua New Guinea. China and thePhilippines provided 56 field techniciansin support of the country projects.FAO contributed US$2.8 million tocover its own programme costsas well as some of the costs torecipient countries for technicalexperts and technicians.

Other partnersPacific Islands Forum Secretariat

The Secretariat of the Pacific Community

University of the South Pacific

FAO Subregional OfficeThe food security programme benefitsfrom direct access to FAO technicalofficers working out of the Organization'sSubregional Office for the PacificIslands in Apia, Samoa. These officersprovide significant assistance, followingup on project activities.

INEAItaly's National Institute of AgriculturalEconomics (INEA) took the leaddesigning and implementing regionalactivities.


Donors US$Italy 7.06 millionFAO 2.8 millionTotal 9.86 million


www.fao.orgwww.faopacific.wsFor further information, contact:FAO Subregional Office for the Pacific IslandsLauofo Meti's Building4 CornersMatautu-UtaApia, SamoaTelephone: +685-20710, 22127Fax: +685-22126E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.faopacific.ws

Back cover photo: On World Food Day in Niue, islanders celebrate their foodheritage. (FAO/Niu Tauevihi)Cover photo: Local produce at market in Papua New Guinea.(FAO/Heiko Bammann)Lower cover photos: Samoan palm leaves.(FAO/John Riddle)

AcknowledgementsThis booklet is the result of a reporting mission to the Pacific region inOctober 2009 by John Riddle, writer and information consultant.The FAO Subregional Office for the Pacific Islands would like to thank theGovernment of Italy and other development partners, governments of thePacific, the Council of Regional Organizations in the Pacific (CROP), FAONational correspondents and FAO staff in the FAO Subregional Office for thePacific Islands, the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific and FAOHeadquarters for their invaluable assistance.All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product foreducational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior writtenpermission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposesis prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for suchpermission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service by e-mail [email protected]

c FAO 2009

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How better food security is making island life healthier of hope from the... · How better food security is making island life healthier. ... canned foods, fatty low grade meats