How brain damage affects memory processing Refers to the
learning outcome: Explain how biological factors may affect one
cognitive process Slide 2 What is amnesia? Memory loss (inability
to learn new information or retrieve information) Two types
I.Retrograde Memory loss of events BEFORE brain damage II.
Anterograde Memory loss of events AFTER brain damage Info:
http://www.tbiguide.com/memory.htmlhttp://www.tbiguide.com/memory.html
Slide 3 Famous case: Clive Wearing Suffers both anterograde and
retrograde MRI scan shows damage to the hippocampus and some of the
frontal regions Episodic memory and some semantic memory are lost
cannot put new information in long term memory Implicit memory and
emotional memory still intact Memory span: few seconds Slide 4 How
Clive Wearing percieves it Not able to remember anything for more
than a blink Kept a journal I am awake This time finally awake I
was fully conscious at 10.35p.m Forever today Deborah 2005 Slide 5
How it happened? In March 1985 In his forties Brain Infection
(Herpes encephalitis) Injured hippocampus Hippocampus - center for
long term memory Perception was unimpaired but he could almost not
remember anything The most devastating case of amnesia ever
recorded Slide 6 CLIP ON CLIVE WEARING! http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=WmzU47i2xgw http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=WmzU47i2xgw
http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Vwigmktix2Y http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Vwigmktix2Y Slide 7 Case study: HM anterograde amnesia
First studied by Milner & Scoville 1957 Head injury when he was
9 Epileptic seizures No drug treatment surgey 27 years old Removed
tissue from the temporal lobe, including hippocampus, the amygdala
H.M.'s Brain and the History of Memory by Brian Newhouse:
http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=75849
70&m=7584971
http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=75849
70&m=7584971 Slide 8 HM after the surgery Cured his seizures,
gave him amnesia (anterogade) Able to: Carry on a conversation Not
able to: Recognize people and also rereads magazines. Can remember
if rehearsed Answer ethics in research on p. 79 and understanding
research Slide 9 Summary You can use Clive and H.M as support (how
biological factors may affect one cognitive process: brain damage
on memory) H.M and Clive W can also be used as support for the
multi- store model of memory (since they show that our memory
consists of different memory systems) Both can be used as support
in LO about ethical considerations Since you need two biological
factors: you can use the study by Martinez and Kesner (1991) Ach in
memory formation You can also (great isnt it?) use H.M and Clive
for the LO in the cognitive level of analysis: Examine one
interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of
behaviour
