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How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of obscured AGN? Guido Risaliti University of Florence & INAF – Arcetri Observatory Hidden Monsters , August 11, 2016

How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

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Page 1: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

HowcanweuseabnormalsourcestoshedlightonthenatureofobscuredAGN?

GuidoRisalitiUniversityofFlorence&INAF– ArcetriObservatory HiddenMonsters,August11,2016

Page 2: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

- Primaryemission- DiskReflection- Absorptionby

Torus,Ionised gas,BLRclouds…

- ScatteringfromBLR,HotGas,NeutralGas

- PhotoionizationofCircumnuclear gas

Whatis“Normal”?

Page 3: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Whatis“Abnormal”?UnusualObservationalFeatureswhichhelptoshedlightonthephysicalnatureofintrinsically“normal”sources(mayrefineourconceptof“normal”)

- Absorptionvariability- (somecases)ofdiscordantclassification- BALquasars

Intrinsicallydifferentphysicalproperties

- MissingBLR- X-rayweakBALquasars- Completecoveringbythickgas/dustonkpc scale

Page 4: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Conclusions

“abnormal”=“rare”,ostudiedwellenoughtocatchusuallymisseddetails

Thestandardingredients(torus,BLR,outflow,possibledistantabsorber…)explain(almost)allthephenomenology

Sourceswithsomeextremeparameterwithinthe``standardmodel’’areapowerfulwaytounderstandthestructureof(all)AGN

Page 5: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variableobscuration

Multi-wavelengthcampaignonthe“normal”Seyfert 1NGC5548

Discoveryofapersistent absorptioncomponentassociatedtoanoutflow

Kaastra etal.2015

Page 6: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

VariabilityofobscurationTheluminousquasarPDS456

- Type1/Type2switchinX-rays

- Blueshifted highlyionizedabsorber

Gofford etal.2014

Page 7: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variabilityofobscuration

MeasurementofthewindopeninganglefromcombinedXMM+NuSTAR spectrum

Nardini etal.2015

Page 8: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variabilityofobscuration

NGC1365:Opticallytype1.8,extremeX-rayvariability

ChandraHETGLate2013:C-thick,reflectiondominated

XMM+NuStarEarly2013:Unobscured

Braito etal.2015

Page 9: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variabilityofobscuration

NGC1365:Opticallytype1.8,extremeX-rayvariability

ChandraHETGLate2013:C-thick,reflectiondominated

XMM+NuSTAREarly2013:Unobscured

Riversetal.2015

Page 10: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds

XMM

Risalitietal.2005,2009

Page 11: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ <1

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds

Suzaku

Maiolino etal.2010

Page 12: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ <1

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds

SuzakuSuzaku

Brenneman etal.2014

Page 13: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ <1

NH~5x1023cm-2

Logξ ~3

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds- Highlyionizedabsorber

Suzaku

Brenneman etal.2014

Page 14: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ <1

NH~5x1023cm-2

Logξ ~3

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds- Highlyionizedabsorber- Mildlyionizedabsorber

XMM- RGSXMM- RGS

Braito etal.2014

Page 15: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

NH>1024 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ <1NH~1023 cm-2

logξ ~2

NH~5x1023cm-2

Logξ ~3NH~1022 cm-2

logξ <1

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)NGC1365- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds- Highlyionizedabsorber- Mildlyionizedabsorber- Neutraldiffuseabsorber

XMM- RGSXMM- RGS

Braito etal.2014

Page 16: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Themulti-phaseabsorberin(AGNs?)ESO277-G34- Comptonthick~neutralclouds- Comptonthin~neutralclouds- Highlyionizedabsorber- Mildlyionizedabsorber- Neutraldiffuseabsorber

XMM- RGSXMM- RGS

Miniutti etal.2013

à “standard”components+BLRcloudsalongthelineofsight

Page 17: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variabilityofobscuration

Marinucci etal.2016

NuSTAR revealscolumndensityvariabilityintheprototypeCompton-thickAGNNGC1068

Page 18: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Variabilityofobscuration

Markovitz etal.2014

RXTEmonitoring:VariableabsorptioncommonamongAGN.TypicaldistancelargerthanR(BLR)

XMMmonitoring(Torricellietal.2014):- Absorptionvariabilityalmostubiquitous,distance~R(BLR)

Page 19: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

“True”conflictingclassificationTruetype2objects– missingBLR

NGC3147– optical(Bianchietal.2009) NGC3147– X-rays(Mattetal.2015)

Howcommon?Bianchietal.2013:8sources,3/4confirmed

Page 20: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

BALquasars:“normal”AGNobservedthroughthewind(?)

Page 21: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

BALquasars:“normal”AGNobservedthroughthewind(?)

Mrk 231– thenearestBAL(andULIRG)

UV:HST/COSspectrum(Veilleux etal.2016)

Page 22: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

BALquasars:“normal”AGNobservedthroughthewind(?)

Teng etal.2015

X-rays:NuSTAR+XMM revealUNOBSCUREDspectrum~50timesfainterthanin“normal”AGN

MaybeintrinsicallyX-rayweakà StrongerUVwinds

(Proga etal.2000)

Page 23: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Themostobscured,mostluminousmonsters

Veilleux etal.2009 Nardini etal.2010

Mid-IRspectroscopy:AGNfractionfordifferentopticalspectraltypes

Page 24: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Themostobscured,mostluminousmonsters

Imanishi etal.2010 Imanishi etal.2010

Optical:LINERMIR-IR:AGNX-rays:Undetected

Optical:HIIMIR-IR:AGNX-rays:HII

Spitzer5-24μm Akari 2.5-5μm

Page 25: How can we use abnormal sources to shed light on the nature of

Conclusions

“abnormal”=“rare”,ostudiedwellenoughtocatchusuallymisseddetails

Thestandardingredients(torus,BLR,outflow,possibledistantabsorber…)explain(almost)allthephenomenology

Sourceswithsomeextremeparameterwithinthe``standardmodel’’areapowerfulwaytounderstandthestructureof(all)AGN


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