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S S 8
HOW DID THE GREAT DEPRESSION EFFECT AMERICA?
WARM UP:
• Complete Your Stock market simulation
• Turn it in
WRAP UP OF ECONOMY(DO NOT WRITE THIS)
• War time production made the US’s economy go
BOOM
• Middle class created- they become consumers
• New inventions- home appliances
• Buying with CREDIT or in INSTALLMENTS (buy now,
pay later or over time)
• Stocks- buying ON MARGIN (borrowing money from
banks)
• Where do we go from here….
THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS(DO NOT WRITE THIS)
• On October 23, 1929, the prices of stocks suddenly
plunged and within hours investors lost more than $5
billion!
• Frantic people began to withdraw their savings
from the bank and banks began to close.
• October 29,1929, became known as Black Tuesday
• By many, this day is considered the beginning of the Great
Depression.
GREAT DEPRESSION KEY PEOPLE AND TERMS
• Herbert Hoover - 31st
president of the US
• Black Tuesday – Stock market crash in Oct. 1929 that triggered the Great Depression
• Great Depression –characterized by great human suffering including unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and despair
• Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) – 32nd president of the US.
• New Deal – set of programs meant to provide relief and end the Great Depression
• Dust Bowl – area in the mid-west with dust-damaged farms in the early 1930’s
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
• Worst and longest economic collapse in American history, • 1929 until the early 1940s
• Beginning in the United States, it spread to most of the world’s industrial countries
• Effects of the Great Depression... • Rapid declines in the production and sale of goods
• A severe rise in unemployment;At its peak, 1:4 of the nation’s workforce was
unemployed.
• Businesses and banks closed their doors
• Millions of people lost their jobs, homes, and savings
• Many depended on charity to survive.
WHAT WERE THE MAJOR CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION?
https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/gr
eatdepressioncauses/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCQfMWAikyU
• As you watch the video, jot down 10 things about
the Great Depression
WARM UP
Read The Great Depression and
annotate it(HINT: It is on the back of yesterday’s Market Crash reading)
PHOTO GALLERY ACTIVITY
POSTER (group)
Students will…• Be assigned a partner• Examine their assigned photo• Answer the questions about
the photo• Create a poster that shares
their photo and expresses their thoughts• Paste the photo on your poster
• Write a caption for your photo
• Creatively display your responses to your answers on your poster
• DO A GREAT JOB! This is going up on the wall for display.
REFLECTION (individual)
On a separate piece of paper respond to the following and turn in to Ms. Dunhem• What did you learn about the
Great Depression from examining the photographs?
• Of all these photographs, if you had to pick one person who was in the toughest situation, who would you choose and why?
• What do you think would have been the most challenging or frightening about living during the Great Depression and why?
WARM UP: BROTHER CAN YOU SPARE A DIME? HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=VRPFPDEY3JA&NOHTML5=FALSE
• What did you feel as you
listened to the song?
• How would you describe the
mood of the song?
• What is the message of the
song?
• In what ways does the singer
portray the situation many found
themselves in during the Great
Depression?
• How does the song address the
“American dream”?
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
ACTIVITY:
• You will be assigned a group
• Each group will be assigned a scene
• Groups are to practice their skit and create
simple props• You have 15 minutes to work! So use your time wisely!
• Groups will perform their skits for the class
• While watching the skits, answer the questions
on the Boom to Bust Discussion questions
sheet
SKIT EXPECTATIONS
Performers
• Speak clearly
• Show enthusiasm, but
not silliness
• Be prepared
Audience
• Be respectful – no
heckling
• Listen
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: CONSUMER DEBT
• Many people who were willing to listen to the
advertisers and purchase new products did not
have enough money to do so.
• Credit was developed: “buy now, pay later.”
• This put off the day when consumers could no
longer afford to buy all the products coming off
assembly lines.
• That day came in 1929!
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: AMERICAN FARMING
• American farmers
• represented 25% of the economy
• were already in an economic depression during the 1920s
• After WW1, farmers found themselves competing in an over-
supplied international market.
• Prices fell, and farmers were often unable to sell their
products for a profit.
• Pres. Hoover vetoes all bills to help farmers
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION:BUSINESSES CLOSED
• Since people had no money
• unsold inventories piled up in warehouses
• hundreds of factories and mills closed
• output of American manufacturing plants was cut in half
between 1929 to 1932.
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION:STOCK MARKET CRASH
• In the late 1920’s, wealthy Americans interests fueled rapid growth in the stock market• prices of stocks were rising beyond the worth of the shares of
the companies
• People paid inflated prices and believed they could soon sell their stocks at a profit.
• less affluent Americans believed they could get rich and began to buy into the stock market
• Investors bought millions of shares of stock “on margin”
• They bought stocks using credit in hopes of selling it at a profit
• the stock boom could not last in late October 1929 the market plummeted as investors began selling stocks.
• On October 29, Black Tuesday, the worst day of the panic, stocks lost $10 billion to $15 billion in value.
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION:BANK FAILURE
• Banks are uninsured
• No gov. agencies monitor banks or the Stock Market – Laissez Faire Presidents• Laissez Faire = letting the market run its course (no government intervention)
• Many banks had made loans to businesses and people who now could not repay them
• Some banks also lost money investing in the stock market.
• When people went to withdraw their savings, the banks often did not have the money.
• By 1933, the banking system collapsed• more than 5,000 banks failed, wiping out the savings of millions of people.
DUST BOWL
• Beginning in Arkansas in 1930
• severe drought spread across the Great Plains
• Once-productive topsoil turned to dust
• The dust would blow around by strong winds and pile up
• Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado
became known as the Dust Bowl,
• the drought destroyed the livelihood of thousands of
farmers.
• many of these farmers migrated to California
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION:UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployment soared
• more than 15 million Americans out of work
• Some remained unemployed for years
• those who had jobs faced wage cuts lack of available full-
time work
WARM UP: TEST YOUR HOBO SKILLS
HOOVERVILLES
• Homeless people built shacks and formed
shantytowns
• Called “Hoovervilles”
• Many were bitter that President Herbert Hoover refused to
provide government aid to the unemployed
CHILDREN OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
• Many families could not pay their mortgage or buy
food and clothes for their family.
• Many were homeless
• Many became nomads
• 20% of America's children were hungry and without proper
clothing.
• Many schools had to close
• About 3 million children between the ages of 7 and 17 had to
leave school and go to work.
CREATIVE WRITING
Every person has a story to tell, be it one of happiness or hardship, wealth or poverty. Look closely at this image.
What is she thinking and feeling? Notice the expression on her face...the creases that shape her forehead...What was going through her mind the moment this picture was snapped? Did she have fears? Worries? Hopes? Dreams? If so, what were they?
Assume that you are able to read minds. Tell her story in this moment.
WARM UP
• Make 5 - 6
observations of the
political cartoon
• What is going on in
the cartoon?
• What is the
message?
• How did people feel about FDR
becoming the new
president?
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (FDR)
• FDR became president in 1933
• He gave Americans hope
• He was willing to make changes and try new
ideas
• Immediate steps:
1. Bank holiday – temporary shut down of banks
2. Promised only banks in good shape could
reopen
3. Fireside chats – radio talks where he explained
his new policies
• Encouraged the public to trust banks again
FIRST NEW DEAL
• New Deal:
• FDR’s program programs to fight the Depression
• Goals: “The 3 Rs”
• Relief – for hunger and jobless
• Recovery – agriculture and industry
• Reform – change the way the economy worked
RESPONSES TO NEW DEAL
• Conservatives
• Argued the New Deal went too far
• Opposed growth of the government
• Concerns about how to pay for the programs
• Moving the country towards socialism
• Liberals
• New Deal did not go far enough
• Did not help elderly
2ND NEW DEAL
• In 1935, Social Security Act
• provide security, in the form of old age
pensions, disability payments &
unemployment benefits
• Wagner Act protect labor rights
• form unions, collective bargaining
• Wages
• Working conditions
ACTIVITY
•Read and annotate “The New
Deal”
•complete “Get the Scoop”
and turn it in