How Does our Body Fight Diseases?

The Immune System!

What Diseases?

The Bad Guys!

Viruses

• Very tiny • Like a tootsie pop:

Chocolate on inside is genetic material

Viruses Cont.

• Take over cells, make copies of themselves, and kill the cell

Examples: Flu, HIV, chickenpox

Bacteria

• Smaller than our cells• Many are good• Many cause disease• Like a Fruit (orange or

banana)– Have a hard peel/cell

wall

Bacteria

• Examples: chlamydia, gonorrhea, E. coli

Okay, now the Immune System

The Good Guys!

Macrophages

• “Big Eaters”• Gobble up Bacteria

and Viruses

Heart of Immune System

• Macrophages break up bad guys into little pieces and display to the Helper T-Cell.

• Helper T-Cells direct the immune system traffic using chemical messages.

• Helper T-Cells are the Heart of the immune system

Helper T-Cell

Cells that Rely on Helper T-cells

• B-cells: produce proteins called Antibodies

• Antibodies: missiles that target foreign material

•Once an antibody binds a germ, it neutralizes it and attracts other immune system cells like . . .

Killers

Killer T-cells

Killer T-cells get signals from Helper T-cells to find germs labeled with Antibodies. Killer T-cells will “Stab” the target cell so it breaks, killing the germs.

Killer T-CellsKiller Cell

Target Cell

Killer Cell attacking Target Cell

How does it all work together?

• Suppose you are a nose cell that catches a flu virus?

• What immune system willcombat this?

• The Killer T-cell, but only after the Helper T-cell told it to come there.

How does it work?

• Suppose a pneumonia bacteria came into our lungs!

• A Macrophage would be waiting to eat it and show pieces to _____________?

• Then, the B cells come in with ___________ to help destroy it.

The Helper T Cell

Antibodies

What happens with HIV?

• HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system.

• HIV attacks Helper T cells which can cause Killer T-cells to attack Helper T-cells infected with HIV.

• This leads to Immune system CIVIL WAR

HIV continued

• Since your Immune system is at WAR with itself, Bacteria and Viruses can sneak in and make themselves cozy.

• Viruses can take over your body and the immune system is powerless because of the HIV

Research

• Many doctors, educators, and professors have been trying to come up with at cure to stop the threat.

• Your Job: To create a concept map illustrating the immune system. On the back, create a poster showing what HIV does to your immune system.

Your Assignment

To create a concept map illustrating the

immune system. On the back, create a poster showing what HIV does to

your immune system.