how does science impact our society currently?

By 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus’ health was declining; the famed physician and astronomer did not have much longer to live. For years, Georg Joachim, his young assistant begged him to publish his revolutionary theories on planetary motion. Copernicus theorized that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. Copernicus claimed that he needed more time to provide mathematical and factual support for these theories. But on his deathbed he agreed to publish. Copernicus died later that year. On the day he died his assistant brought him the first copy of his work, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres. This publication would later change people’s view on the world.

At the time Copernicus’ theories were novel… most people believed in the theories developed by me, Ptolemy. I stated that the earth was at the center of the universe. In my solar system the earth is circled by water, air, fire and seven planets- including the moon and the sun.

By the 1500s people began questioning traditional opinions based on discoveries during the Scientific Revolution.

_________, __________ and _______ improved the ability to observe and measure which led to more accurate experimentation.

_________ led to a standard all scientists should follow to receive accurate results.

Robert Hooke, an Englishman who developed the compound microscope in 1665, hypothesized that a microscope with two lenses could produce a clearer image of a magnified object.

Finally he collected data, analyzed it and drew a conclusion. His data reveled that objects could be more closely observed using a microscope with two lenses.

This hypothesis was then tested by an experiment and the results were recorded. Hooke experimented by adjusting and readjusting the placement of the lenses. Then he made accurate drawings based on his observations.

_________ developed a new theory about the universe called “heliocentricism”.

Kepler expanded on this theory using mathematic principles and added that the orbits the planets followed were elliptical not round.

Galileo created a ______ to view that the Earth revolved around the sun.

He also proved that in the absence of air friction, objects fall at the same speed regardless of weight.

_______ and ________ studied human anatomy.

Galileo’s observations of one planet, Venus, provided strong support for Copernicus's theory. But when he argued the point in his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, the Catholic church reacted and placed his publication on the Index of Prohibited Book. The Inquisition in Rome condemned Galileo in 1616. Threatened with torture, Galileo, now an old man denied his belief. Galileo spent the remaining eight years of his life in house arrest on his estate near Florence.

____________ established a method of inquiry in which all thoughts would follow, the clear, orderly, progression of scientific reasoning.

Bacon disregarded deductive reasoning and instead supported demonstration or proof of facts.

________ studied laws of motion and universal gravitation.

________ was the founder of modern chemistry and ________ and _________ developed calculus.

I will show you an invention and you have to select the correct inventor.

Please create images that show the difference between Copernican heliocentricism and Ptolemaic geocentricism.

Ptolemy thought that all celestial objects — including the planets, Sun, Moon, and stars — orbited Earth. Earth, in the center of the universe, did not move at all.

Copernicus thought that the planets orbited the Sun, and that the Moon orbited Earth. The Sun, in the center of the universe, did not move, nor did the stars.

Section 5: The Scientific Revolution1. What was the Copernican view of the universe? How did it differ from

Ptolemy’s? Why was this controversial?2. How did Kepler’s views challenges the theological assumptions of the

Catholic church?3. What method of arriving at eternal truths did Rene Descartes take? What

assumptions did he make as he began his intellectual journey?4. What was Francis Bacon’s view regarding the human pursuit of

knowledge, the methods of science, and the purpose to which science should be applied?

5. List five other scientific discoveries, who are accredited for them. Why was it that the scientific thinkers came from Protestant countries?