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Sensory Neuron (Bipolar) Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar) Motor Neuron (Multipolar Neuron) Types of Neurons
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How Does the Brain Compute?
How Does the Brain Compute?A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many
different parts.different parts.
Sensory Neuron(Bipolar)
Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar)
Motor Neuron(Multipolar Neuron)
Types of Neurons
Types of NeuronsSensory Neurons – Afferent Neurons
• Carry the message from the sense organs to the CNS
Interneurons • Make up the CNS
Motor Neurons – Efferent Neurons• Carry the message from the CNS to the muscles or glands
How is the Electrical Signal Sent?
2 K+
3 Na+
ATP
Outside
Inside K+
The Resting Potential
K Na
Proteins (A) -
How is the Electrical Signal Sent?
All or none!
Outside
Inside
K Na
NaNaNaNa NaNa NaNaNaNa
KK
KK KK
KK Na
KK
How is Information Transmitted?
If neurons do not touch, how can information get from one neuron to the next neuron?
How is Information Transmitted?
How is Information Transmitted?
Recycling channel
• Neurotransmitters
• Postsynaptic Receptors
• Recycling Channels
1 2
How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake
• Diffusion
• Enzymatic Degradation
How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake
• Diffusion
• Enzymatic Degradation
How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake
• Diffusion
• Enzymatic DegradationEnzyme
How is Information Transmitted?
(The Synapse) Neurotransmitters
Dendrite
Soma
Axon
Terminal
How is Information Transmitted?Neurotoxins!
How is Information Transmitted?
Nerve AgentsTabun (GA)Sarin (GB)Soman (GD)VX
1995 – Tokyo Subway (Sarin)2013 – Syria (Sarin)
2013 – Bihar, India (Organophosphate pesticides)
How is Information Transmitted?
Action Potential Synaptic Terminal
Neurotransmitters
Axon
Cell BodyDendrites
How Fast do Electrical Signals Travel?
100 mile/hr – 160 km/hr
Saltatory ConductionNode of RanvierMyelin
Axon
Increases speed of conduction!
vs
Unmyelinated vs Myelinated Axons
