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How Leadership for Technology Is DistributedAmong Leaders,
Followers, and The Situation
-Sara DexterUniversity of Virginia
Download PPT and handout
>http://sdexter.net/dexter-present.ppt
>http://sdexter.net/dexter-handout.doc
>Courses I teach at http://etl.edschool.virginia.edu
Distributed Leadership
A focus on leadership PRACTICE:>“the interactions between
leaders, followers, and their situation”•“leaders act in situations that are defined
by other’s actions”•in a situation “its routines, tools, and
structures define leadership practice”» Professor James Spillane, Northwestern
University
Practice
Leadership Practice
Interactions Among
Leaders,Followers, Situation
Classroom Practice
Interactions Among
Teacher,Students, Curriculum
Interactions Between
Situation
Leaders,Followers
The Situation Shapes Leadership Practice
>Tools, Routines, & Structures– Means to an end– Concrete illustrations of leaders’
intentions– Developed responses that routinize
leadership practice for intended goals– Constrain and enable– Shape organization, and relationships
>= Artifacts
Artifacts of Practice
>Tools– “a mediating device that shapes interactions between
two people” • Improvement plan, observation protocol, student assessment
data
>Routines– Interactional, “repetitive, recognizable, pattern of
interdependent actions” • Meetings, annual SOL cycle of readying and testing
>Structures – Conditions or characteristics:
• Time / schedule, school size, departments or teams, accountability, governance
Interactions Between
Distributed Leadership
A focus on leadership PRACTICE:>“the interactions between
leaders, followers, and their situation”•“leaders act in situations that are defined
by other’s actions”•in a situation “its routines, tools, and
structures define leadership practice”» Professor James Spillane, Northwestern
University
Analytical Perspective
>Who is a leader?– Role-based vs. Expertise-based
• Sources of influence• Relative responsibilities, accountability
>What is leadership?– System of Practice vs. Trait or Behavior
• Systemic view• How interactions are fostered, their depth
and quality
Discuss
>What does taking a distributed leadership perspective highlight for you about your role and work as a school leader?
School Technology Leadership What we
know>Team of people
– Principal, Technology Integrators, Teacher Leaders
>Leadership best predictor of integration– Rather than infrastructure or $$ spent
>Vision is Key– Serves as an organizing concept
Outcomes of School Technology
Leadership Classroom Level > Integration aids
teaching and learning
> Integration is strategic and effective
School Level> Supportive Context
> Enablers maximized
> The organization “learns”
Outcomes of School Technology
Leadership Classroom-level
Integration> 1. Learning outcomes
drive the selection of technology.
> 2. Technology use provides added value to teaching and learning.
> 3. Technology assists in the assessment of the learning outcomes.
School-levelImplementation
> 4. Ready access to supported, managed technology is provided.
> 5. Professional development is targeted at successful technology integration.
> 6. Professional community enhances integration and implementation.
Outcomes of School Technology
Leadership Integration> 1. Learning outcomes
drive the selection of technology.
> 2. Technology use provides added value to teaching and learning.
> 3. Technology assists in the assessment of the learning outcomes.
Implementation> 4. Ready access to
supported, managed technology is provided.
> 5. Professional development is targeted at successful technology integration.
> 6. Professional community enhances integration and implementation.
Leadership by teams to accomplish outcomes
Discuss
>At your school, to what degree have you accomplished the technology
– Integration outcomes?
– Implementation outcomes?
A Distributed Approach to Technology Leadership
>Increases Success via Team Method– More needs represented– More expertise included
>Recognizes recursive effect – leaders act in situations that are defined
by other’s actions– in a situation its routines, tools, and
structures define leadership practice
Leadership
>Definition: To exert influence in a particular direction
>Core functions1. To set direction2. To develop people’s capacity for that
direction3. To restructure the organization to
support that direction
Outcomes of School Technology
Leadership Integration> 1. Learning outcomes
drive the selection of technology.
> 2. Technology use provides added value to teaching and learning.
> 3. Technology assists in the assessment of the learning outcomes.
Implementation> 4. Ready access to
supported, managed technology is provided.
> 5. Professional development is targeted at successful technology integration.
> 6. Professional community enhances integration and implementation.
Teams •Set direction•Develop people•Make the org. work
to accomplish outcomes
Leadership & Classroom Practice
25% of impact on student achievement
75% of impact on student achievement
Leadership Practice
Interactions Among
Leaders,Followers, Situation
Classroom Practice
Interactions Among
Teachers,Students, Curriculum
Technology Leadership
Leadership Practice
Interactions Among
Leaders,Followers, Situation
Classroom Practice
Interactions Among
Teachers,Students, Curriculum
Situation’s Artifacts
--tools
--routines
--structures
•Set direction
•Develop people
•Make org work for
Integration & Implementation
Outcomes
Artifacts That Set Direction
>To Set Direction– Identify and
articulate a vision– Foster the
acceptance of group goals
– Create high performance expectations
Tools, Routines, Structures– Technology vision-
statement• Relates to student learning
– Regular mtg. discussion about priority of tech
– Observation protocol for FB on quality of integration
• Indicators of current status and progress
Artifacts That Develop People
>To Develop People– Offer intellectual
stimulation– Provide
individualized support
– Provide an appropriate model
Tools, Routines, Structures– Choice from among topics
and ways to learn– Professional development
• Content area specific• focused on in-depth
understanding• Long-term learning goals set
– Availability of 1:1 help– PLCs discuss, observe, give
feedback on efforts
Artifacts That Make Org. Work
>To Make the Organization Work– Strengthen School
Cultures– Modify
organizational structures
– Build collaborative practices
Tools, Routines, Structures– Policies encouraging teacher
empowerment and professional community
– Tools for knowledge building, networked storage, time to meet
– Physical proximity /interdependence with other integrators
– Goal and vision consensus with external community
Discuss
At your school, what leadership practices(artifacts: tools, routines, structures)
1.influence integration outcomes?(classroom technology integration practices)
2.create favorable implementation conditions?
Analysis Focus
> Enabling Practices: – For technology outcomes being met,
what tools, routines, and structures facilitate?
> Constraining Practices:– For technology outcomes NOT being met,
what tools, routines, and structures are missing? What interventions are needed?
> Is Team Coordinated and Open to Input? – For setting direction, developing people, and
making the organization work?