How Living Things Are Alike1.1

Learning Targets I can explain what a cell is and describe

some basic functions of cells

I can identify chemicals that are important for life and explain how living things use these chemicals

I can list and describe the basic life activities

Cells Basic unit of life (alive)

Can carry out many functions or jobs

Unicellular or multicellular

Can be different shapes and sizes

There are about 200 different types of cells in the human body!

Microscopes Needed to see cells

Magnifies the object you are looking at

Electron microscope uses beams of tiny particles rather than light

Organelles Tiny structures inside of cells

Seen only under a microscope

Perform special functions in the cell

Tissues Groups of cells that are similar and act

together to do a certain job

For example: Muscle cells join together to make muscle tissues

Muscle tissues work together to make the body move

Organs Different kinds of tissues join together to

form an organ

Main working parts of plants and animals

Organs carry out specific jobs

Vocabulary Cell Tissue Organ Organelle

Section Review Questions Pg. 18 #1-5

Chemicals Important for Life1.2

Did you Know?Humans can survive up to

several weeks without food. However, they can survive only a few days without water.

Importance of Water What is the chemical formula? __________

Life cannot exist without water

Water has the ability to dissolve other chemicals

When water mixes with other chemicals (dissolve) it becomes a solution

Other Important Chemicals Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Nutrients

Carbohydrates Sugars and starches

Many fruits and vegetables contain sugar

Starches can be found in foods like bread, cereal, pasta, rice and potatoes

Provide energy for plants and animals

Energy Energy is needed to carry on life

activities

Energy comes from fuel

Carbohydrates are fuel

When carbohydrates are broken down in the animal or plant, energy is released

Fats Can also be thought of as fuel

Fats store large amounts of energy that are released when they are broken down

Fats contain the most energy

Found in foods like beef, butter, cheese, and peanut butter

Proteins Like carbohydrates and fats, proteins

provide energy for living things

They help repair damaged cells and build new ones

Proteins also help control body activities such as heart rate and breaking food down

Nutrients Your body also needs minerals and

vitamins

The body needs these in small amounts only

The body needs a balance of nutrients, carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Vocabulary Solution

Section Review Questions Pg. 22 #1-5

Basic Life Activities1.3

7 Basic Life Activities Getting Food Using Food and Removing Wastes Movement Sensing and Responding Growth Development Reproduction

Getting Food Animals get food by eating plants or

other animals

Plants make their own food

Plants also use the energy from sunlight to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

Using Food and Removing Wastes Digestion is a life activity that breaks down

food into chemicals that cells can use

Respiration is when cells release the energy that is stored in the chemicals. Oxygen is used to release the stored energy (cells use the energy to do work)

Excretion is the process that removes wastes

Movement There is constant movement in living

things The insides of plants and animals are

always changing Liquids are flowing, food is being

digested, and materials are moving in and out of cells (solutions)

All plants and animals move

Sensing and Responding Tissues and organs can sense signals

from their surroundings (light, sound, touch, and chemicals)

Plants and animals then respond based on the signals they receive

Examples: Moths flying around a light, fish swimming to the top for food, a dog responding to its owners voice, flowers open to the sun’s light

Growth Growth is part of being alive

All living things experience growth

Many species go through patterns of growth that are similar to each other

Development Development means changing over time

Tadpoles hatch from eggs and develop in stages into frogs. Tadpoles are born with tails and no legs Tadpoles have no mouth at birth As they develop, a mouth and legs form

and the tail is absorbed into the body

Reproduction Living things produce offspring through

reproduction Some living things can reproduce by

themselves (unicellular) Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two

Other living things need two parents to reproduce (multicellular)

All offspring will resemble their parent(s)

Vocabulary Digestion Excretion Respiration

Section Review Questions Pg. 25 #1-5

Chapter Review Pgs. 28-29 Vocabulary Review #1-15 Concept Review #1-4 Critical Thinking