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How Ozone Has Affected
the Productivity of Plants
on Long IslandMargaret T. McGrath
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology,
LIHREC, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY
Ozone Injury in Potato and Watermelon
Ozone Injury Pole Bean
Tomato Ozone Injury 5-18-04
Tomato Ozone Injury6-23-03
PumpkinOzone Injury
PumpkinOzone Injury
Turk’s Turban Gourd
Ozone Injury
Ozone Injury 8-14-07
Ozone Injury 8-14-07
Ozone Injury9-7-07
Plant Systems Developed for Plant Systems Developed for Determining Impact of Determining Impact of Ambient Ozone on Ambient Ozone on
Plant Productivity:Plant Productivity:
Ozone Sensitive and Tolerant Ozone Sensitive and Tolerant White Clover ClonesWhite Clover Clones
Snap Bean LinesSnap Bean Lines
YearYear hrs Ohrs O33>>80 ppb80 ppb Peak (ppb)Peak (ppb) DateDate19961996 6060 16 days16 days 121121 16-18 July16-18 July
19971997 124124 25 days25 days 146146 25-26 June25-26 June
19981998 121121 30 days30 days 129129 26 June26 June
19991999 184184 31 days31 days 123123 7 June7 June
20002000 7777 18 days18 days 145145 10 June10 June
20012001 >>6767 >>17 days17 days 122122 9 Aug9 Aug
20022002 9494 24 days24 days 129129 18 July18 July
20032003 4040 8 days8 days 118118 27 June27 June
20042004 >>1010 >>4 days4 days 104104 9 June9 June
20052005 9595 25 days25 days 126126 5 Aug5 Aug
20062006 6565 19 days19 days 168168 18 Jul18 Jul
20072007 4747 14 days14 days 108108 2 Aug2 Aug
YearYear hrs Ohrs O33>>80 ppb80 ppb Peak (ppb)Peak (ppb) DateDate19961996 6060 16 days16 days 121121 16-18 July16-18 July
19971997 124124 25 days25 days 146146 25-26 June25-26 June
19981998 121121 30 days30 days 129129 26 June26 June
19991999 184184 31 days31 days 123123 7 June7 June
20002000 7777 18 days18 days 145145 10 June10 June
20012001 >>6767 >>17 days17 days 122122 9 Aug9 Aug
20022002 9494 24 days24 days 129129 18 July18 July
20032003 4040 8 days8 days 118118 27 June27 June
20042004 >>1010 >>4 days4 days 104104 9 June9 June
20052005 9595 25 days25 days 126126 5 Aug5 Aug
20062006 6565 19 days19 days 168168 18 July18 July
20072007 4747 14 days14 days 108108 2 Aug2 Aug
YearYear hrs Ohrs O33>>80 ppb80 ppb Peak (ppb)Peak (ppb) DateDate19971997 124124 25 days25 days 146146 25-26 June25-26 June
19981998 121121 30 days30 days 129129 26 June26 June
19991999 184184 31 days31 days 123123 7 June7 June
20002000 7777 18 days18 days 145145 10 June10 June
20012001 >>6767 >>17 days17 days 122122 9 Aug9 Aug
20022002 9494 24 days24 days 129129 18 July18 July
20032003 4040 8 days8 days 118118 27 June27 June
20042004 >>1010 >>4 days4 days 104104 9 June9 June
20052005 9595 25 days25 days 126126 5 Aug5 Aug
20062006 6565 19 days19 days 168168 18 July18 July
20072007 4747 14 days14 days 108108 2 Aug2 Aug
20082008 >>5757 >>20 days20 days 128128 19 July19 July
Impact of Ambient Ozone on Impact of Ambient Ozone on
Plant Productivity on LI:Plant Productivity on LI:
Reduction in Clover Biomass Reduction in Clover Biomass
Estimated Based on ComparingEstimated Based on Comparing
Sensitive and Tolerant ClonesSensitive and Tolerant Clones
Clover System for Assessing Ozone Impact
Ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant clones.
10 plants of each grown outdoors in pots.
Foliage removed, dried, and weighed every 28 days.
Clover Project Activity DatesClover Project Activity DatesTransplant Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 521-May-08 26-Jun 29-Jul 28-Aug 8-Oct18-May-07 11-Jun 9-Jul 8-Aug 6-Sep9-May-06 21-Jun 28-Jul 8-Sep 11-Oct
21-May-03 4-Sep25-May-01 2-Jul 30-Jul 31-Aug 26-Sep11-May-00 14-Jun 12-Jul 10-Aug 8-Sep 16-Oct12-May-99 9-Jun 12-Jul 8-Aug 7-Sep 12-Oct8-May-98 5-Jun 2-Jul 30-Jul 28-Aug 29-Sep
18-May-97 17-Jun 18-Jul 17-Aug 12-Sep
Harvest Dates
Reduction in Biomass Produced Reduction in Biomass Produced by Sensitive Clover Clone by Sensitive Clover Clone
Year Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Average2008 0% 18% 28% 22% 17%2007 0% 0% 25% 8% 8%2006 0% 0% 20% 15% 9%2003 19%2001 18% 9% 26% 19% 18%2000 10% 14% 0% 0% 0% 5%1999 14% 27% 28% 30% 0% 20%1998 0% 24% 28% 26% 18% 19%1997 0% 0% 0% 28% 7%
Impact of Ambient Ozone on Impact of Ambient Ozone on
Plant Productivity on LI:Plant Productivity on LI:
Reduction in Snap Bean Yield Reduction in Snap Bean Yield
Estimated Based on ComparingEstimated Based on Comparing
Sensitive and Tolerant LinesSensitive and Tolerant Lines
Snap Bean Lines Differing in Ozone SensitivitySnap Bean Lines Differing in Ozone Sensitivity
S156S156
R331R331
Assessing Ambient Ozone Impact Assessing Ambient Ozone Impact on Plant Productivity in NY on Plant Productivity in NY with Snap Bean Genotypes with Snap Bean Genotypes
Differing in Ozone SensitivityDiffering in Ozone Sensitivity
Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08
Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08
Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08
Seeding Planting #2 Seeding Planting #2 6/16/046/16/04
Planting #1 7/19/04Planting #1 7/19/04
Planting #1 7/28/04Planting #1 7/28/04
Fresh Market Yield Reduction in Fresh Market Yield Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean Line (pod wt)Sensitive Snap Bean Line (pod wt)
YearYear Planting 1Planting 1 Planting 2Planting 2 Planting 3Planting 320042004 46%46% 42%42% 15%15%
20052005 17%17% 49%49% 56%56%
20062006 43%43% 28%28% (17%)(17%)
20072007 23%23% 30%30% 29%29%
20082008 (11%)(11%) 62%62% 25%25%
Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08
Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08
Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08
7/25/087/25/08PlantingPlanting
#2#2
HarvestedHarvested7/31 - 9/57/31 - 9/5
8/3/088/3/08PlantingPlanting
#2#2
Fresh Fresh MarketMarket
Pod Yield:Pod Yield:
62% less wt62% less wt
38% less #38% less #
Ozone Concentrations, July 2008 Ozone Concentrations, July 2008 in Riverhead, Long Island, NY in Riverhead, Long Island, NY
Week >30 >40 >50 >60 >70 >80 >90
8-14 July 125 85 47 13 3 0 0
15-21 July 123 107 91 70 48 26 14
Number Hours Ozone (ppb) ExceededNumber Hours Ozone (ppb) Exceeded
July rainfall:July rainfall:
0.22 inch 7/40.22 inch 7/4
0.05 inch 7/200.05 inch 7/20
Ozone high:Ozone high:
15-21 July15-21 July
SeedingSeedingDateDate
Yield ReductionYield Reduction Ozone Exposure (ppb)Ozone Exposure (ppb)
Fresh Fresh marketmarket
MatureMaturebeanbean
avgavg AOT 40AOT 40(harvest 1)(harvest 1)
AOT 40AOT 40(last harvest)(last harvest)
6/27/036/27/03 35%35% 64%64% 2828 27052705 34603460
5/25/065/25/06 43%43% 54%54% 4444 60456045 1159711597
7/3/067/3/06 28%28% 30%30% 4848 89048904 95969596
7/31/067/31/06 17%17% 16%16% 3838 34803480 99289928
5/14/075/14/07 23%23% 37%37% 4545 44164416 76437643
6/12/076/12/07 31%31% 48%48% 4646 55615561 1045110451
7/11/077/11/07 29%29% 55%55% 4040 49154915 68276827
Mature Seed Number Reduction Mature Seed Number Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean Linein Sensitive Snap Bean LineYearYear Planting 1Planting 1 Planting 2Planting 2 Planting 3Planting 3
20042004 24%24% 28%28% 49%49%
20052005 32%32% 22%22% 56%56%
20062006 21%21% (12%)(12%) (8%)(8%)
20072007 22%22% 24%24% 38%38%
Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08
Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08
Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08
Mature Seed Weight Reduction in Mature Seed Weight Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean LineSensitive Snap Bean Line
YearYear Planting 1Planting 1 Planting 2Planting 2 Planting 3Planting 3
20042004 36%36% 24%24% 27%27%
20052005 17%17% 24%24% 22%22%
20062006 42%42% 21%21% (7%)(7%)
20072007 20%20% 32%32% 28%28%
Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08
Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08
Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08
Impact of Ambient Ozone on Impact of Ambient Ozone on Plant Productivity on LI:Plant Productivity on LI:
<< 30% Reduction in Clover Biomass 30% Reduction in Clover Biomass
(during a 28-d growth period; 20% overall)(during a 28-d growth period; 20% overall)
<< 62% Lower Fresh Market Bean Wt 62% Lower Fresh Market Bean Wt
<< 56% Fewer Mature Bean Seeds 56% Fewer Mature Bean Seeds
<< 42% Lower Mature Bean Seed Wt 42% Lower Mature Bean Seed Wt
