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United States Racial Groups (2010) Where do you fall? White 77.9% Black or African American 13.1% Asian 5.1% American Indian and Alaska native 1.2% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0.2% Two or more races 2.4% Hispanic or Latino 16.9% A separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.)
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Race & EthnicityHow people react to others
ANDHow those reactions impact
society
Native American; Irish; Spanish; Filipino, and
ChineseHalf ChineseCablinasian
Caucasian; Black; Indian; Asian
United States Racial Groups (2010)Where do you fall?
• White 77.9%
• Black or African American 13.1%
• Asian 5.1%
• American Indian and Alaska native 1.2%
• Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0.2%
• Two or more races 2.4%
• Hispanic or Latino 16.9%
• A separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian,
etc.)
Why does our society classify race/ethnicity?
• How is data collected?▫Census, surveys,
administrative records
• Uses:▫Monitoring changes in
the social, demographic, health, and economic characteristics of various groups
• Historical Data:▫ Questions on race date back
to 1790
▫ Asian Indians 1920 – 1940 - Hindus 1950 – 1970 – White 1980 – 1990 – Pacific
Islanders
▫Civil rights monitoring and enforcement Voting rights, housing and mortgage lending,
health care services, and educational opportunities
How do we see each other?•Race
▫Group with inherited physical characteristics distinguishing it from another
▫Scientists have classified between 2 and 2,000
•Racial superiority – does not exist▫But has been supported by numerous groups
throughout history
▫Ethnocentrism – view that one’s ethnic or cultural group is centrally important
Cultural Characteristics•Ethnicity
▫Identification based on common ancestry and cultural heritage Country of origin; foods; dress; language; music; religion; customs; values
•Race – physical
•Ethnicity - cultural
Majority vs. MinorityIt’s all about power
Minority group▫Subject to discrimination
or unequal treatment Physical and cultural
traits held in low esteem by majority group – strong bond
Usually marry within group
Ascribed status
Dominant group▫Has greater power,
privilege, social status Innate superiority
▫Use position to discriminate against minority
• How does the minority group emerge?▫ Expansion of political
boundaries Example: Mexicans living
in the southwestern U.S. after the U.S.- Mexican War
▫ Migration Voluntary or forcedDOES NOT RELATE TO
SIZE OF GROUP
•Discrimination▫Unfair treatment directed against someone▫Can be based on:
Age Sex Height Income Education Marital status Sexual orientation Disease Disability Religion
•Racism▫Discrimination
based on race
•Prejudice▫Attitude
Positive or Negative Typically negative
Robert Merton’s Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination
Timid BigotPrejudiced person
who does not discriminate
All-Weather LiberalNon-prejudiced
person who does not discriminate
Active BigotPrejudiced person who discriminates
Fair-Weather Liberal
Non-prejudiced person who
discriminates
PrejudiceYES NO
Dis
crim
inat
ion
YES
NO
How is prejudice functional?
Prejudice and the Conflict Theory• Early 19th century
immigration led to prejudice and discrimination
Interactionist View of Prejudice•We are not born with prejudices
•Learned from family and racial or ethnic group▫Learn to like, or dislike,
other groups▫Negative perceptions can
lead to discriminatory actions
Discrimination•Individual discrimination▫Negative treatment
of one person by another
•Legal discrimination▫Upheld by law▫Examples:
Apartheid (South Africa)
Jim Crow laws
•Institutional discrimination▫Discrimination that has
become part of a society
▫Examples: Political
Low-income housing Military
Air Force – good eye sight
Intergroup RelationsMinority Group Treatment
Cultural Pluralism Assimilation
Legal Protection Segregation Subjugation
Population Transfer Genocide/
Extermination
Dominant group
encourages racial/ethnic variation; no longer a dominant
group
Dominant group
absorbs minority
Minority rights
protected by law
Dominant group
structures social
institutions for limited
contact with
minority
Dominant group
controls every
aspect of minority
group life through
force
Dominant group moves
minority group to
new locations within or
outside the country
Dominant group
attempts to destroy minority
group
Acceptance(Humanity)
Rejection(Inhumanity)
Switzerland Cherokee Indians prior
to removal
Civil Rights
Act
Plessy v. Ferguson
Slavery Japanese internment
Holocaust
Rwanda
