How the Thai Palm Oil Industry gained technology ...indonesien.ahk.de/fileadmin/.../TUESDAY/3-Thai_Palm... · How the Thai Palm Oil Industry gained technology leadership in waste

1 GIZ_ASEAN-RESP: How to tap waste to Energy , October 25, 2011, Jakarta

How the Thai Palm Oil Industry gained technology leadership in

waste to energy

Mr.Krisada Chavananand

President of Thai Palm Oil Crushing Mill Association

GIZ-Renewable Energy Conference, Jakarta

25 October 2011


Contents

Background of Palm oil Industry in Thailand

How to make it happen?

Conclusion

Palm oil Production, Residue wastes, and existing energy production

Palm oil Residue waste potential and Waste Utilization

Advanced Combination of Anaerobic Digestion Technology

New concept of Integrated of POM- Biomass PP

Look at CDM potential from RE (Biogas & Biomass)

VSPP-RE Power Producer in Thailand


2006

FFB Production

(Ton FFB)

6,715,036

Production yield

(ton-FFB/Ha)

17.68379,872

2007 6,389,983 14.99426,120

YearMature area

(Ha)

472,628

512,044

Plantation area

(Ha)

2008 9,270,510 20.09461,555588,175

2009 8,162,379 16.01509,920622,145

2011 1/ 9,119,720 1/ 15.19600,758 1/685,600

Palm Oil Plantation and Production in Thailand, year 2006 - 2011

Remark: 1/ is an estimation value of year 2011 source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative (MoAC), June2011

2010 8,223,000 14.47568,480652,320

Background of Palm Oil Industry in Thailand

*** 80% of plantations in Thailand are small farmer. ***

Prachuapkirikhan – 3 Crushing Mills,

62 Tons/hr.

Krabi – 18 Crushing Mills, 740 Tons/hr.

Surathani – 15 Crushing Mills, 805 Tons/hr.

Chumphon – 21 Crushing Mills,

680 Tons/hr.

Satun – 5 Crushing Mills,

62 Tons/hr.

Trang – 4 Crushing Mills, 180 Tons/hr.

Songkha – 3 Crushing Mills,

17 Tons/hr.

Ranong – 1 Crushing Mill,

20 Tons/hr.

NakornSrithamarah – 2 Crushing Mills, 60 Tons/hr. Phang-nga – 1 Crushing Mills, 30 Tons/hr.

Nongkhai– 1 Crushing Mill

Palm Oil Crushing Mills, Year 2011

Chonburi – 2 Crushing Mills,

135 Tons/hr.

•Total 76 Crushing Mills

•Total Production Capacity 2,791 Tons/hr

4

** From Year 2007 to 2011,Total palm oil mill increased 29%**

GIZ_ASEAN-RESP: How to tap waste to Energy , Jakarta, October 25, 2011


Palm Oil mill 17-18% CPOFFB

5-6% Kernel

ProductRaw Material

EFB

Shell Waste water

Fiber d.cake

Losses

Oil loss

Kernel loss

Water

Electricity Steam

Diesel

Material Flow of Palm Oil Mill Production

5


WASTE

5-6%

Shell

Palm Oil Mills

Palm Oil Residues Waste


Existing Energy Production in palm oil mill

Biomass from palm

oil processes

Fiber

Exceed Biomass Residues

Palm Oil Processes

Palm oil mill capacity 60 t-FFB/hr

Steam to Palm oil mill

BOILER

Generator

Stack

Feed WaterPump

Steam Turbine

1.2 MW

POME

!! Efficiency Elec. of existing system ≤ 10%

7


Palm Oil Residue Waste Potential

Based on FFB production ~ 12.0 Million ton per year

POME Waste water Characteristic

COD

LHV

%CH4

~ 60,000 – 80,000 mg/L

21-23 MJ/m3 (depend on %CH4)

55 - 65%

Biomass (EFB) Characteristic

LHV

%moisture

7,240 kJ/kg

58.6%

D .cake

432,000 ton

Fiber

1,680 ,000 ton

EFB

2,640 ,000 ton

Shell

720,000 ton

Waste water

7,200 ,000 m3


Biogas plant

Biomass power plant

“Waste Utilization” in Thailand

Biogas Power plant

Biogas Potential

* MW electricity calculated at 38% Efficiency of biogas engine, biogas yield 0.45 m3/kg-CODdegradable @ 60% CH4, op. 24hr and 300 days

POME

MWThermal / yr

1,058,400181,440,000

Source Biogas (m3) GWh Elect/a

402.27,200,000 m3

Amount

(Based on estimation of 12.0 million ton of FFB)


Biomass power plant

Biomass Power plant

Biomass “Waste Utilization” in Thailand

Biomass type

EFB

MWThermal / yr

5,309,333

Amount (tons)

2,640,000

GWhElect/a

1,061.9

Biomass Potential (Based on ~ 12.0 million ton of FFB per annum)

* MW electricity calculated at 20% efficiency of power plant, op. 24hr and 300 days


Previously Open Lagoon Natural degradable

Natural methane emissionto Atmosphere

Look at “CDM Potential from RE (POME)”

Based onPOME ~ 7,200,000 m3/yr

COD ~ 70,000 mg/l

From open lagoonwill generated CH4 emission

~ 1,670,600 tCO2e/yr


“Solid waste disposal side”“From Palm Oil Mill”

Natural degradable, green house gas emission

Abundant of EFB solid waste

Based onEFB ~ 2,640,000 ton/yr

From SWDSwill generated CH4 emission

~ 374,424 tCO2e/yr

Look at “CDM Potential from RE (Biomass)”


You need 4 mains component

Security of raw material

Comprehensive government policy

Technology

Capital investment (or Investor)

13

How to make it happens

- Incentive (Adder)

- Regulation

- Grid infrastructure

- Once technology provider has enough confident They will jump in and technology will leap forward


Thailand’ VSPP incentive “Adder”

New annoucement of feed in tariff "Adder", March 13, 2009

New announced Supporting

Fuel Type Adder Period

(Baht/kWh) (yr)

1. Biomass

Installed Capacity ≤ 1 MW 0.50 7

Installed Capacity > 1 MW 0.30 7

2. Biogas (from any source of raw material)



3. Garbage (MSW, Non hazardous Industrial waste and Non organic garbage)

Land fill or Pile up fermentation system 2.50 7

Thermal process 3.50 7

4. Wind



5. Small Hydro power

Installed Capacity 50 kW - < 200 MW 0.80 7

Installed Capacity < 50 MW 1.50 7

6. Solar Energy 8.00 10

Comprehensive government policy


Thailand’ VSPP Feed in Tariff structure

1) “Base price” rate, announced since July 1, 2011

VSPP-Feed in Tariff structure

= “Wholesale Base price” + “Wholesale Ft” + “Adder”

Voltage Total wholesale tariff rate: TOU rate

Peak (Baht/kWh) Off-Peak (Baht/kWh)

230 kV 3.0227 2.0173

69 - 155 kV 3.2504 2.0198

11-33 kV 3.8548 2.0424

Peak : 09.00 am – 10.00 pm, Mon-Fri

Off peak : 10.00 pm – 09.00 am, Mon-Fri and 00.00 am – 12.00 pm, Sat- Sun + Holiday

Example, Biogas Tha Sae @ 22 kV line, on Sep 2011Peak price = 3.8548 + (-0.0572) + 0.30

= 4.0976 Baht/kWhOff peak price = 2.0424 + (-0.0572) + 0.30

= 2.2852 Baht/kWh

Fixed for 7-10

yr, since COD

date

Ft will be change in every 4 months

according to Fuel price


VSPP power purchasing agreement (PPA)

Power sales, max 10 MW under the VSPP contract.Automatically renew the PPA contract in every 5 yr.

No “Firm” contract, then more relax of operation

Thailand government policy

PEA/MEA have to buy all 100% of kWh that VSPP produce and sale to grid. Regulation

Electricity that produce in location, will be consume in that areas. have **Pro & Con**

”Con”: Location, some area have a lot of power plant develop Limits to the grid transmission line


VSPP Biogas plants - Power Producer from POMs

Source: VSPP_status_June2011, www.EPPO.go.th

Suratthani,

18

Krabi, 16

Chumporn,

6

Trang, 4Prachup, 1 Chonburi,

1

Biogas Power Plant No. of mill in Status

(under PPA contract) Operating On going

< 1 MW 5 4

1 -2 MW 12 -

≥ 2 - 5 MW 11 13

> 5 MW - 1

Total 28 18


VSPP Status

Biogas from POMs

Suratthani 12

Krabi 9

Trang 4

Chumporn 3

Suratthani 2

Krabi 1

Prachuapkhirikhan 1

Chumporn 3

Krabi 2

Chonburi 1

Krabi 6

Suratthani 2

Total plant 46 110.8 87.4

Total Capacity

Installed (MW)

Total No.

of plantProvince No.Mill

COD and operation

Signed PPA & waiting for

COD

28

4

58.3

16.9

23.9

11.7

Waiting for sign PPA

Applied for register to

PEA

6

8

PPA (kW)

46.8

15.7

15.9

9.0

Currently VSPP_Palm Oil Biogas plant -Status

Source: VSPP_status_Aug2011, EPPO+PEA’s information

~ 60% of Total POMs in Thailand,

are investing in biogas power plant


VSPP-Biomass plants from Palm Oil Residue

Source: VSPP_status_Aug2011, EPPO+PEA’s information

Krabi, 3

Suratthani,

3Chumporn,

3

Trang, 1

Prachup, 1

Srakaew, 1

Nakornprathom, 1

Biogas Power Plant No. of mill in Status

(under PPA contract) Operating On going

≤ 1 MW 1 -

≥ 2 - 5 MW 1 2

≥ 5 - 10 MW 2 7

Total 4 9


VSPP Status

Biomass from POMs

Krabi 1

Suratthani 1

Chumporn 1

Prachuapkhirikhan 1

Chumporn 2

Trang 1

Suratthani 1

Nakornprathom 1

Srakaew 1

Krabi 2

Suratthani 1

Total plant 13 101.5 80.8

PPA (kW)

COD and operation 4 26.0 19.7

Province No.MillTotal No.

of plant

Total Capacity

Installed (MW)

6 55 41.5

Waiting for sign PPA 3 20.5 19.6

Signed PPA & waiting for

COD

Currently VSPP_Palm Oil Biomass plant -Status


Typical of Biogas Technology in Thailand






Advanced Combination Technology

Advance Combination of

Anaerobic Digestion Technology

By Thai national consultant

CSTR

UASB

HCSR


Concept of VGE Biogas Project



High Concentration Solid Reactor (HCSR)


Overall VG Energy’ Biogas Plant

CSTR

UASB

HCSR

GIZ_ASEAN-RESP: How to tap waste to Energy , Jakarta, October 25, 201128

Aeration


High Efficiency Gas Engine & Automation Master control

Aeration pond


CSTRUASBHCSR

Automation Control

High Efficiency Gas Engine

VG Energy’ Biogas #2–Thung ka


Aeration pond

Power HouseBiological

Gas Cleaner

Wet land


What benefit we gains from the combination of biogas digester technology, include investing in high performance gas engine and automation system?

Increase overall biogas generation Efficiency

VG Energy’ Biogas Plant Efficiency

Efficiency of VG Energy Plant

COD input avg (mg/l) 70,000 - 76,000

Biogas Generation/POME (m3-gas/POME) 39

Biogas Quality (%CH4) 56 - 60%

Gas Engine Efficiency (%) 39%

Power/Gas consumption (kWh/m3-gas) 2.0

Maximize in both “Economic value” and “Waste Utilization”

EfficiencyVS.

Benefit??Efficiency Comparison

Factory Biogas plant Effciency (m3-gas/m3-ww)

Cassava Nakorn Ratchasima 12.85

Palm Krabi 30.56

Palm+Rubber Suratthani 33.85

Ref: http://www.wastesolution.co.nz/Publications/Company_Profile_Brochure_Jul09.pdf


Palm Oil Mill

Steam to Palm oil mill

BOILER

Generator

Stack

Feed WaterPump

Steam Turbine

Fiber/EFB/ShellFrom processes

Residue Biomass

Transformer

M

Fuel feed boiler

TURBINE

BOILER

Generator

Stack

Feed Water

Pump

CondensingTurbine

Biomass Power Plant~ 5 MW

POME

EffElec < 20%

Existing

Eff.Elec ≤ 10%

General Concept of biomass PP in Thailand

Biogas Plant33


Palm Oil Mill

Transformer

M

Fuel feed boiler

TURBINE

BOILER

Generator

Stack

Feed Water

Pump

CondensingTurbine

Biomass Power Plant15 MW

M

Flare

Exhaust to

Atmosphere

Gas

Storage

Aeration

Pond

Biogas

PEA grid

Biogas Engine

2 MW

Digester

POME from Palm oil

processes

Biogas Plant

POME

Overall

Efficiency ≥ 22-24%

Biogas Plant

Overall Eff. ≥ 80%

More EnergyEfficiencyPalm Oil Processes

All BiomassFiber/EFB/Shell

Steam

Electricity

Waste heat recovery

New concept “Integrated POM with PP”


With the integrated POM energy production, Integrated Biomass Co-generation Power Plant have benefits in term of

Increase overall power generation Efficiency

Generated Energy, Income, and reduce Environmental impact

New concept of Integrated of POM - Biomass PP

Utilization biomass Reduce global green house gas Develop as a CDM project

Maximize in both “Economic value” and “Waste Utilization”


Conclusions


For more information:Contact: Tel. 02 314 - 4101- 4 Ext 612

Email: [email protected]

Documents

How the Thai Palm Oil Industry gained technology ...indonesien.ahk.de/fileadmin/.../TUESDAY/3-Thai_Palm... · How the Thai Palm Oil Industry gained technology leadership in waste