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Germs versus Humans:
How tiny microbes make a big impact on our health
Nicole Spahich
What is Microbiology?The study of things that are very smallMicroscopic - microbesUnicellular versus multicellularViruses, bacteria, fungi
Staphylococcus aureus
What makes us sick?
Types of sicknessColdFluCoughFood poisoningEar ache
Infectious
Germs: bacteria, viruses and more!
Germs are everywhere
Microbe match gameWhere did these microbes come from?
Door knob?
Mouth?
Shoes?
Toilet seat?
1
43
2
Microbe match gameWhere did these microbes come from?
1
43
2
Toilet seat
ShoesDoor knob
Mouth
Good guys versus bad guys
Microbiome versus pathogens
Our microbiome
Sharing our microbes
Rules:Shake hands with 3 different peopleGive the people you shook hands with half
of each stack of stickers that you have
Sharing our microbes
Rules:Shake hands with 4 different peopleGive the people you shook hands with half
of each stack of stickers that you have
Who was infected?
ORANGE
How to avoid germs
Wash your handsCover your mouth when you
sneeze/coughAvoid sharing food/drinksCook and store food properly
Why do we feel sick?
Toxin productionby pathogens Poisons damage
cells
Immune system tries to get rid of the invadersPoking holes in pathogen cellsEating pathogens
Invaders!Immune
system effects:FeverRunny
nose/mucus production
InflammationSwelling
What happens when we get an infection?Our immune system destroys the
pathogen in 2 ways:1. Immune cells destroy pathogens
White blood cells
Macrophage
Eat pathogens and debris
Neutrophil
Eat pathogens and kill by releasing toxic particles
Eating bacteria
What happens when we get an infection?
Immune cells in action
What happens when we get an infection?Our immune system destroy the
pathogen in 2 ways:2. Antibodies destroy pathogens
What do antibodies do?
Prevent pathogens from sticking to cells
BacteriaBacteria
What do antibodies do?Help cells recognize pathogens so that
they can eat them up
Macrophage
Neutrophil
BacteriaBacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
What do antibodies do?Each B cell produces a unique
antibody that recognizes a specific piece of foreign material (e.g., pathogen)
Pathogens
Antibodies
B cells
Let’s be antibodiesAntibodies have 2 armsAntibodies are specific to their pathogen
You can only pick up beads that match your given color
Let’s be antibodiesWhy are there blue beads left over?
Why could this be a problem during infection?
Why is there a pink bead left over?What would your body do at this point?
Vaccines
Your body makes antibodies to pathogens before you actually get sickInject weakened/killed form of the
pathogen Parts of the pathogen that your immune
system recognizes
Thanks!
Any questions?