How to boost the use of high-value substances of trees? · © Natural Resources Institute Finland Boosting the use of high-value substances from trees: innovating treatment techniques

© Natural Resources Institute Finland © Natural Resources Institute Finland

Tuula Jyske, Jan-Erik Raitanen, Eila Järvenpää, Risto Korpinen, Petri Kilpeläinen, Susan Kunnas, Tytti Sarjala, Patrik Eklund, Tuomo Tupasela, Anna-Liisa Välimaa

Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

How to boost the use of high-value

substances of trees?

4/16/2018 1

Jyske et al.,Tiedetreffit, JAMK, Biotalousinstituutti,

Saarijärvi, 17.4.2018

© Natural Resources Institute Finland

Boosting the use of high-value substances

from trees: innovating treatment techniques

for improved usability in products (InnoTrea)

• Academy of Finland Key Project Funding to:

– Strengthen the research impact

– Promote active collaboration with the end-

users of research results

• Based on the earlier high-quality research

– Curiosity-driven solution-driven

2 4/16/2018




Previous research examples

3 4/16/2018




Forest-based bioeconomy

• Saw milling and pulping

– Backbone of the Finnish bioeconomy

• Millions of tons of side-streams / a

– Combustion for energy and heat

– Cascading use for higher value

4 4/16/2018




Sugars,

phenolics,

minerals

Resin

acids,

lignans,

terpenes

Stilbenes, suberin,

betulinol,

tannins

Lignans,

stilbenes

Side-streams and fresh biomass

5 4/16/2018



Knots

Seeds,

Berries

Bark

Resin Sap

Compounds with

antioxidant,

antimicrobial,

antifungal,

anti-inflammatory

effects

Sprouts,

Needles, Leaves

Vitamins,

polyphenols,

flavonoids,

aromatic oils,

waxes, organic

acids, terpenes


Value-added during refining

Primary production

Conversion High value

products and services

6 4/16/2018 Jyske et al.,Tiedetreffit, JAMK, Biotalousinstituutti,


Price development

~32 €/T ~9–400 €/L

Conifer bark Powders Ingredients Cosmetics

~160 €/kg ~100–3000 €/L

Pharmaceuticals

~5700–? €/kg


Stilbene glucosides

Polyphenols with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photoprotective properties

7

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Trans-Piceid

Resveratrol Trans-Astringin

Trans-Isorhapontin

Picea abies Vitis vinifera



1 M tons of spruce bark/year in Finland: 50 000 tons of stilbenes

4/16/2018

http://www.google.fi/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiW8cDB2dnPAhWDjSwKHQ3LAscQjRwIBw&url=http://www.chemfaces.com/natural/Astringin-CFN92486.html&psig=AFQjCNESozWNkMRpE9dj_4eYl-4cyfsZSw&ust=1476513746980299


How much stilbenes within trees?

8 4/16/2018



• Stilbene glucoside content:

– 5%–15% of DW

• Highly variable:

– age, height, tissue

– inner bark

– butt-logs of the first commercial

thinning and older timber

Jyske, T., Laakso, T., Latva-Mäenpää, H.,

Tapanila, T., Saranpää, P. 2014. Biomass &

Bioenergy 71: 216–227. Stilbene amount mg g-1 DW

H

eig

ht

level

Bark tissue


Where do the stilbenes accumulate?

9 4/16/2018

Stilbenes highly

compartmentalized in axial

phloem parenchyma:

– Stability in vacuoles?

– Micro-encapsulation to

preserve the extracted

compounds in products?

Cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM of frozen-hydrated

phloem in planta. m/z 245: trans-astringin.

Scale bar: 100 μm.

3D synchrotron radiation microtomography.

Scale bar: 50 μm.

Jyske T., Kuroda, K., Suuronen, J-P., Pranovich, A.,

Roig Juan, S., Aoki, D., Fukushima, K. 2016.

Plant Physiology 172: 913-928 .




Northern trees: rich source of stilbenes

10

0

50

100

150

Pr Sa Lo Si So

Stilbene amount mg g-1 DW

0

1

2

3

Pr Sa Lo Si So

Isorh/Ast -ratio

• North site: total content

• Northern origins:

Isorhapontin/Astringin –ratio


Saarijärvi, 17.4.2018 4/16/2018

North site

South site

Origins from south to north

Jyske, T., Laakso, T., Saranpää, P. 201X.


InnoTrea project concept

11 4/16/2018




Target area: Lapland

• 9 M ha of forests in

Lapland

– certified for organic

wild food collecting

• Enthusiastic SMEs:

– new business based on

natural raw-materials

12 4/16/2018




The project concept

• Goals:

– New products from bioactive compounds

– Support R&D

– Add value for side-streams

– Create interdisciplinary networks

• What do we do?

– Research & co-creation with SMEs

– Scientific verification of raw-material potentials

– Paths from raw-materials to products

– Improved quality and prolonged shelf-life

13

4/16/2018



RESEARCH, TESTING,

DEMOS, PILOTS, QUALITY

CONTROL, CO-CREATION –

WORKSHOPS, FREEDOM-TO-

OPERATE –ANALYSIS


Bioactivity

&

applicability

Regulatory

&

commercial

aspects

Operational

models

for storage

and logistics

Cascading

use:

extraction,

fractioning &

use of the

remaining

material

Bark

properties

&

chemistry

We cover the whole value-chain

14



Utilization

of bark for

new

products

4/16/2018


Raw-material

collection, storage,

quality control

Extractions

Water, ethanol, CO2,

glycerol

Refining of extracts

Concentration,

microencapsulation, spray

drying, liquid/liquid-

extraction, chromatography

Cosmetics

Energy,

biochar,

compost

Remaining material:

Combustion,

pyrolysis, biogas

production ,

composting

Testing

Stability, antimicrobial,

antioxidative properties, UV,

sensory properties, toxicity,

anti-inflammation properties

New products

Market analysis, IPR

Pharmaceutical

ingredients

Flavors, aromas

Drinks, food

Wound care

Functional

materials

In practice…

4/16/2018


Saarijärvi, 17.4.2018 15


Dissemination and networking

16 4/16/2018




Case studies

17 4/16/2018




Research needs of SMEs

18 4/16/2018



Biomass-

collecting

companies Wound

care,

Cosmetics

Superfood/

Food

manufacturers Farmers Saw mills

Meat & fish

products

manufacturers

Optimized

handling?

Sensory quality?

Chemical content?

Preservatives, aromas?

Antimicrobial?

Antifungal?

Antioxidant?

Income from side-products?


On-going case studies

19 4/16/2018



1) Storage stability of bark stilbenes

2) Biological activities of spruce inner bark

extracts:

– Potential for material protection

3) Sprouts & needles, bark tannins:

– Optimized processing for improved

shelf-life and quality of products


1) Storage stability of stilbenes of spruce bark

20 4/16/2018



20 16.4.2018

IST

D

Sugars No stilbenes!?

Iso

rha

po

ntin

IST

D

Sugars Astrin

gin

Pic

eid

Fresh

bark

from

saw

mill

1-year

stored

bark

from

saw

mill


Do the stilbenes form larger structures?

21 4/16/2018



Principal of size exclusion chromatography New bark

Old bark


Storage tests at biomass terminals

22 4/16/2018



Logs Bark pile

Hanna Brännström, Eelis Halmemies, Juha Nurmi


Storage tests at biomass terminals

23 4/16/2018



0

5

10

15

20

25

0 4 12

Sti

lben

es m

g/g

DW

Weeks

Stilbene content

Logs

Pile

0.E+00

1.E+06

2.E+06

0 4 12

µM

TE

/L

Weeks

Antioxidant activity (ORAC, hAQ 100 g)

Logs innerbark

Logs outerbark

Bark pile

Vitamin C(100 g)


Studies under progress:

• Chemical changes of stilbenes during storage

– Underlying environmental and biological factors causing

the changes?

– Stilbenes are leaching out?

– Stilbenes are degraded by microbial/enzymatic activity?

– Stilbenes are oxidized in the bark pile?

24 4/16/2018




2) Antimicrobial activity of spruce bark extracts

• Stilbenes are UV-sensitive:

– Trans-cis –isomerization and

photocyclization (i.e.,

phenantrene formation)

– Degradation products?

– Oligomerization?

• Biological activities?

• Potential in cosmetics?

25 4/16/2018



R

hv

R

R

Ar

PhPh

Ar

Ar

PhPh

Ar

Ar= substituted ring,Ph= unsubstituted ring


Preparation of several extracts for testing

26 4/16/2018



• XAD7HP-fractionated hydrophilic EtOH

extract; soluble sugars removed

• UV-treated XAD7HP-fractionated hydrophilic

EtOH extract


Chemical analysis of the most interesting extracts

27 4/16/2018



0.36

4.79

8.78

59.25

XAD-treated extract

(+)-Catechin

Trans-Piceid

Trans-Astringin

Trans-Isorhapontin

0.3 0.3

4.4 2.3

24.7

1.2

3.6

11.8

2.6

XAD-treated UV-irradiated extract

(+)-Catechin

Trans-Piceid

Trans-Isorhapontin

Cis-Piceid

Cis-Isorhapontin

Cis-Astringin

Phenantrene-Astringin

Phenantrene-Isorhapontin

Degradationproducts


Antimicrobial activity of XAD-treated extracts

28 4/16/2018



Stronger inhibitory effect of UV-irradiated extract!

UV


Studies under progress:

• Chemical changes of stilbenes during UV-reactions in

relation to oligomerization and degradation

– Glucosides vs. aglycons using model compounds?

• Minimum inhibitory values (MIC) for the extracts

• Material protection applications

• More microbial strains to be tested

29 4/16/2018




3) Spruce sprouts, needles, and bark extracts

• Short harvesting period of the spruce

sprouts:

– Can the sprouts be replaced by

mature needles?

• How to handle to best preserve the

quality (flavour, colour, content and

quality of active compounds)?

• Test products in collaboration with

SMEs

– Ice creams

– Reindeer chips

• Chemical composition: phenols,

flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins

• Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity,

for preservation of foodstuffs

30 4/16/2018



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Sprouts Needlesm

g/g

DW

C-vitamin, HPLC


Conclusions

• High variability in natural products properties

– Research vital to define operational guidelines for biomass use

– Need to utilize raw materials as a whole: cascading use

• Complex chemistry of natural products

− UV-light modifies stilbenes (e.g., oxidation / degradation /

formation of larger structures)

– Further studies needed to reveal biological activities

• Open-minded research collaboration with SMEs, start-ups, and

major forestry industries

– enabling biocircular economy

31 4/16/2018




Thank you! Jan-Erik Raitanen

Risto Korpinen

Eila Järvenpää

Susan Kunnas

Tytti Sarjala

Anna-Liisa Välimaa

Tiina Väyrynen

Hanna Brännström

Eelis Halmemies

Juha Nurmi

Petri Kilpeläinen

Patrik Eklund

Maarit Mäki

Tuomo Tupasela

Kimmo Rasa

Saija Rasi

Pekka Saranpää

Tapio Laakso

Andrey Pranovich

Patrik Eklund

Jussi-Petteri Suuronen

Katsushi Kuroda

Dan Aoki

Kazuhiko Fukushima

32 4/16/2018



[email protected]


Thank you!

33 4/16/2018



Documents

How to boost the use of high-value substances of trees? · © Natural Resources Institute Finland Boosting the use of high-value substances from trees: innovating treatment techniques