How to control human pressureHow to control human pressureon protected areason protected areas

Water Safety PlanWater Safety Plan

Conf. Univ. Dr. Mihaela Vasilescu

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BackgroundBackground

Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Health Synthesis, represents an attempt to describe the complex links between the preservation of healthy and biodiversityity of natural ecosystems and human health.

WHO Report, 2005

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BackgroundBackground

BONN 2001BONN 2001 - initiative of the international water industry– GoalGoal: to provide good safe drinking water that has

the trust of consumers – safe, acceptable, reliable.

WHOWHO simultaneously – Water Safety Plans– Hazard identification, Risk assessment, Risk

management from source to tap– Proactive management to provide safe water.

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What is a What is a DWSPDWSP??

Way to ensure safe water supply by:– Knowing the system thoroughly– Identifying where and how problems could arise– Putting in barriers and management systems to

stop the problems before they happen– Making sure all parts of the system work properly.

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Why do we need to change?Why do we need to change?

Measurement of final product is retrospective; tells you after you have a problem.

Microbiological methods based on indicators with small infrequent samples in relation to total amount supplied.

Need to prevent things going wrong!Need to prevent things going wrong!

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DWSPDWSP

For each water supply chain documentation of:– The system– Hazard identification– Risk assessment– Risk management– Control measures (monitoring) and action when

out of control.

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Role of Environmental AgenciesRole of Environmental Agencies

To support the policy of introducing WSPs To provide support to WSPs in terms of

identifying catchment’s risks To provide support to WSPs for managing

catchment’s risks To understand the processes involved in

developing WSPs.

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Role of Water SupplierRole of Water Supplier

To take into account catchment's risks To map the system To prepare a water safety plan that identifies

and manages the risks form intake (reservoir) to point enters building.

To ensure documented management and monitoring systems are in place.

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Role of Health AuthorityRole of Health Authority

To work with water supplier on identifying risks to health.

Audit of water supply. Investigation of waterborne outbreaks. Help provide guidance to householders and

building managers to maintain safety in buildings.

Cover small suppliessmall supplies.

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What will DWSPs do for RomaniaWhat will DWSPs do for Romania

IdentifyIdentify– Situations where risk of failure to meet standards– Situations where risk to public health.

Enable Romania toEnable Romania to– Prioritise remedial action starting in the

catchment's– Reduce risk of failure and risk to public health– Enhance good operating practice– Reduce risk of incidents and emergencies.

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Preparing a DWSP – sourcePreparing a DWSP – source

InformationInformation nature of catchment's, water source

Hazard identificationHazard identification pollution sources, weather

Risk assessmentRisk assessment likelihood of pollution, consequences of pollution

Control measuresControl measures catchment's management, reservoir management

MonitoringMonitoring point discharges, raw water quality

Action if out of Action if out of controlcontrol

cease abstraction, adjust treatment.

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Preparing a DWSP- treatmentPreparing a DWSP- treatment

InformationInformation schematic, treatment processes, capability, control

Hazard identificationHazard identification from catchment's, treatment chemicals, materials, treatment failure, loss of power

Risk assessmentRisk assessment likelihood of failure, consequences of failure

Control measuresControl measures treatment processes, process monitoring, alarms, auto/manual shut down

MonitoringMonitoring raw water, treatment processes, final water

Action if out of Action if out of controlcontrol

cease abstraction, adjust treatment, works shut down.

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Preparing a DWSP – distributionPreparing a DWSP – distribution

InformationInformation schematic, flow direction, materials, storage reservoirs, valve status

Hazard identificationHazard identification ingress, flow increase/reversal, materials, permeation, unauthorised use, back-flow(?)

Risk assessmentRisk assessment likelihood of failure, consequences of failure

Control measuresControl measures operational procedures, approved materials, valve status

MonitoringMonitoring flow, pressure, disinfectant residual

Action if out of Action if out of controlcontrol

dumping water, flushing, advice to boil water

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Preparing a DWSP – consumers’Preparing a DWSP – consumers’taptap

InformationInformation types of premises (industrial, domestic), plumbing materials

Hazard identificationHazard identification back flow(?), leaching from plumbing, hygiene

Risk assessmentRisk assessment likelihood, consequences

Control measuresControl measures fittings regulations, plumb solvency treatment, education

MonitoringMonitoring premises inspection

Action if out of Action if out of controlcontrol

advice to consumers

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DWSP - DWSP - small suppliessmall supplies

I. Type of Facility DUG WELL WITH HANDPUMP /WINDLASS1. General Information: Zone, Location2. Code Number3. Date of Visit4. Water sample taken? …….. Sample No. ……… FC/100ml ....II Specific Diagnostic Information for Assessment Risk1. Is there a latrine within 10m of the well? Y/N2. Is the nearest latrine uphill of the well? Y/N3. Is there any other source of pollution within 10m of well? Y/N(e.g. animal breeding, cultivation, roads, industry etc)4. Is the drainage faulty allowing ponding within 2m of the well? Y/N5. Is the drainage channel cracked, broken or need cleaning? Y/N6. Is the fence missing or faulty? Y/N7. Is the cement less than 1m in radius around the top of the well? Y/N8. Does spilt water collect in the apron area? Y/N9. Are there cracks in the cement floor? Y/N10. Is the hand pump loose at the point of attachment to well head? Y/N11. Is the well-cover insanity? Y/NTotal Score of Risks …./11Risk score: 9-11 = Very high; 6-8 = High; 3-5 = Medium; 0-3 = LowIII Results and Recommendations:The following important points of risk were noted: (list no. 1-11)Signature of Health Inspector/Assistant:Comments:

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Organizers– WECF– MEDIUM ET SANITAS –

SLOBOZIA– CU CLS I-VIII -

COSERENI

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Preparation – photo documentationPreparation – photo documentation

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WSP - Cosereni

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WSP – Source quality

Date Source 1 

Source 2 

Source 3 

Source 4 

Source 5

  Nitrates (mg/l) pH Nitrates(mg/l) pH Nitrates

(mg/l) pH Nitrates(mg/l) pH Nitrates

(mg/l)

04.12.2008 250 6,5 250 8,5 240 7,1 240 6,5 245

18.12.2008 230 6,7 255 8,4 245 7,1 245 6,7 245

01.01.2009 240 6,5 260 8,3 246 7,2 250 6,8 250

27.01.2009 235 6,5 260 8,4 250 7,3 240 6,5 255

10.02.2009 240 6,5 255 8,5 245 7,2 235 6,5 250

30.02.2009 240 6,8 250 8,2 250 7,5 240 6,7 245

06.03.2009 230 6,9 245 8,1 245 7,4 245 6,9 250

28.03.2009 235 6,5 250 8,5 250 7,1 250 7,0 250

10.04.2009 240 6,6 260 8,5 250 7,9 250 6,5 245

29.04.2009 240 6,9 260 8,4 255 7,4 245 6,6 255

04.05.2009 230 6,5 255 8,3 245 7,5 235 6,5 260

28.05.2009 230 6,5 250 8,2 240 7,6 230 6,9 255

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WSP – Source quality

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

04.12

.2008

18.12

.2008

01.01

.2009

27.01

.2009

10.02

.2009

30.02

.2009

06.03

.2009

28.03

.2009

10.04

.2009

29.04

.2009

04.05

.2009

28.05

.2009

Nitrati ()m

g/l

S urs a 1

S urs a 2

S urs a 3

S urs a 4

S urs a 5

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Specific Specific Elements:Elements:

Lectures for children and their mothers regarding Water Safety Plan (WSP) for wells and small water supplies located in rural areas.

Public debate regarding WSP in the commune of Cosereni, Ialomita county.

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What do we want to doWhat do we want to do::

Create an educational model for holiday training, to be replicated in all Ialomita county, through the cooperation of Medium et Sanitas Slobozia, Cosereni School, county Inspectorate for Education and county Authority of Public Health.

Developing projects in partnership – Medium &Sanitas Slobozia and local authorities, to help reducing water pollution in order to protec water resource.

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Analysis of the questionnaires – citizens’ Analysis of the questionnaires – citizens’ answersanswers

Water source they use – most of people states they are using private wells, and some of them use public wells.

The volume of water used daily - is in the range 10 – 110L.

The distance between the house hold and water source - 10m for most of them.

More than ½ among the interviewed people think that they have enough water.

Approximately ½ of the citizens fetch water 5 times a day, and then another part fetch water 2 times a day.

60% of the people think that the water is of good quality.

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Citizens’ answers - continuationCitizens’ answers - continuation

Most people are not aware of the causes affecting the quality of drinking water.

½ of the interviewed people use bottled water. 90% do not treat (filter) or boil the drinking water. Drinking water is stored in buckets and bottles. All the people answered that the DW storage recipient is

covered. 70% of people keep the DW storage recipient in the kitchen,

and the rest outside. 40% of people thinks that is impossible to get ill because of

DW. The wishes regarding DW – public supply network, well

maintained, and covering all the households.

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Analysis of the questionnaires - GPsAnalysis of the questionnaires - GPs

GPs thinks they can not judge what is the quality of DW. The main problem yielding to health problem is

interruptions in water supply. GPs are not informed about the results of the laboratory

analysis regarding village’s water sources. GPs advise people to boil water before using it. There is no case of water related disease. There is no case of blue baby disease, typhoid fever and

tuberculosis in the last 3 years. 2 GPs out of 3 think that there are tyroid diseases in the

village but they can not identify the cause.

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Analysis of the questionnaires – local Analysis of the questionnaires – local authoritiesauthorities

The budget is insufficient for operation and maintenance of a DW supply system.

The consumer pays an annual tax for DW. DW quality is monitored quarterly. The citizens have access to the results of water analysis. The oldest well is of 30 years, and the newest is of 2 years. The wells are inspected and cleaned quarterly. The pipes are of 10-30 years old and are done by PVC. There are plans regarding the improvement of water supply –

rural development projects – EU budget (FDAR) – approval in progress.

Most important issue – approval of FDAR investment project.

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http://www.wecf.eu/download/2008/08-10-10wspmanualro10_2008.pdf