How to Grow Beautiful Orchids (1950) - Willoughby , Adelaide

7/31/2019 How to Grow Beautiful Orchids (1950) - Willoughby , Adelaide

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LJAG SGCTGPS IA PBG ITCBJ@ H

~illjmepg jm`jsctjojmepglz em` oemz {jlpg` ali{gts tgswlp- Pbisgbeqjmk e limkgt mgcpetz, ljfg pbg Emktegcwo, etg ~illjmepg` dzoipbs- Ogodgts ia pbg kgmws Qemè em` ~gtbe~s ia Egtj`gs etg~tidedlz ~illjmepg` dz e letkgt oipb- Siog ia pbgsg pbep ~ti`wcgimlz e ag{ ali{gts elsi oemwaecpwtg grptgoglz ajto cgogmp ait

eppecbjmk pbg ~illgm oessgs pi pbg jmsgcp, ~tgqgmpjmk liss jm aljkbp-Cgtpejm pz~gs ia Cz~tj~g`jwos etg epptecpjqg imlz pi soell dggs-G~j~ecpws lepjailje ajm`s jps mgg`s dgsp sgtqg` dz {es~s-

@et{jm tg~itpg` pbep e @t- Ctjjkgt be` idsgtqg` s{etos iadggs ecpwellz agg`jmk im pbg ctgsps ia pbg ledgllwo ia Citzempbgs,e {gjt` ali{gt {jpb e bii`g` ìtsel pbep e~~gets pi ctiwcb ì{miqgt pbg ledgllwo- Jps oisp jmpgtgspjmk cbetecpgtjspjc js e dwcfgp/sbe~g` e~~gmèkg ~gcwljet pi pbg s~gcjgs- Pbjs js ajllg` {jpb esli{/`tj~~jmk alwj`, mip e mgcpet, {bisg ~wt~isg sggos pi dg pi{gp pbg {jmks ia pbg bwmktz dgg {bgm bg ~essgs pbg slj~~gtz sj`gsem` pbws aitcg bjo pi ctgg~ pbtiwkb e metti{ ~essekg- Bgtg bgaitcjdlz dtwsbgs pbg spjkoepjc ceqjpz, ajm`s ctgsps s~tge` ait bjopi mjddlg, em` ~jcfs w~ pbg ~illgm {bjlg agg`jmk- Bg aljgs iaa em`tg~geps pbg ~ticgss im emipbgt Citzempbgs em` pbg czclg js cio/~lgpg`-

Jm ^pgtispzlws, eapgt pbg jmsgcp gmpgts, pbg ledgllwo sbwps e ljpplgpte~ ìit, aitcjmk bjo pi lgeqg dz pbg decf pbtiwkb e ~essekg{ez{bgtg pbg cteo~g` uwetpgts aecjljpepg pbg ~gtaitoemcg ia bjsawmcpjim- Oes`gqellje agmgspte mgqgt awllz i~gms dwp bes pjmz{jmì{s pbep tgoejm i~gm wmpjl ~illjmepjim iccwts, {bgm pbgzetg `te{m sbwp- @et{jm eòjppg` pbep bg {es mgqgt edlg pi `g/pgtojmg pbg ogpbi` ia ~illjmepjim ait pbjs ali{gt-

Es eoexjmk es etg pbgsg sptwcpwtel i``jpjgs, pbgz etg mi oitg si

pbem pbg ogems dz {bjcb pbg ~illgm oessgs eè~p pbgosglqgs pie ~isjpjim swjpg` pi pbgjt ~ti~gt `gljqgtz- Twpbgtait` ^lepp jmPbjs Ktggm [itl` bes tg~itpg` pbep pbg Itcbjs, agtpjljxg` dzdggs, eppecbgs pbg ~illgm oessgs pi pbg dgg jm gtgcp bitms, {bjcb,bi{gqgt, {jlp ì{m jm e oemmgt pbep ~gtojps pbgo pi bjp grecplzpbg {ejpjmk ceqjpz ia pbg mgrp ali{gt- Ja pbgz tgoejmg` gtgcp pbgz{iwl` mip ajp-


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2

Celi~ikim cettjgs jps spjkoe im pbg dippio ~etp ia pbg ~gpel,em` {bgm pbg dgg lem`s {jpb e ~illgm lie` bg js mgeplz alj~/ali~~g`jmpi e siogtsewlp pbep dtjmks pbg ~illgm im bjs decf pi ~ti~gtcimpecp- Jm Cz~tj~g`jwo ecewlg pbg dgg js epptecpg` pi pbg gm/ptemcg dz {bjpg ljmgs, ~wsbgs pbtiwkb pbg siaplz `te{m `te~gs iapbg ~iwcb ia pbg +le`z+s slj~~gt,+ em` sj~s pbg mgcpet, dwp {bgmbg sggfs pi tgptgep, pbg `te~gs etg clisg` pjkbp dgbjm` bjo- Dzsuwggxjmk pbtiwkb pbg imlz i~gm ~lecg, pbg bilg ep pbg pi~, bgajtsp scte~gs pbg ~illgm im pi pbg spjkoe em` pbgm, ~wsbjmk ~esppbg ~illgm oessgs ep pbg pi~, ~jcfs w~ emipbgt lie`- E~~etgmplzwmèwmpg` bg aljgs pi emipbgt tisz slj~~gt em` tg~geps pbg tiwpjmg-

Jm Cepesgpwo pbg qjpel ~illgm js spitg` jm e sgctgp cbeodgtjmeccgssjdlg pi pbg qjsjpit em`, es eltge`z `gsctjdg`, js `jscbetkg`dz e ojmjepwtg cepe~wlp ep pbg jmptw`jmk jmsgcp- Oisp jmpgtgspjmkia itcbj`s, Cepesgpwo e~~gets pi dg em grclwsjqglz oelg aito, emÒiopcbempbws qjtj js, {bjcb bes imlz tw`jogmpetz ~illgm oessgs,

pbg agoelg ia pbg seog s~gcjgs-Pbg ~illjmepjim ia itcbj`s js e swdhgcp pbep spjll bes eo~lg tiioait itjkjmel tgsgetcb- Aet pii ljpplg js fmi{m ediwp pbg swdhgcp-Etg pbg si/cellg` s~j`gt itcbj`s "Ctz~pispzljs etecbmjpjs* agtpjljxg`dz s~j`gts, pbgEtecbmjs owscjagte, tgsgodljmk aljgs, dz aljgs, em`pbg dgg itcbj`s "Dgg I~btzs* dz dggs9 Js jp pbg ~wptj` sogll iaDwldi~bzllwo ~wptj`wo, it aigpj`wo, pbep epptecps, em` etg pbgepptecpg` jmsgcps pbisg pbep agg` im `gcezg` qgkgpedlg oeppgt9êpjgmp em` clisg idsgtqepjim {jll dg mgg`g` pi `jsciqgt pbgems{gts-

Jm e``jpjim pi pbg ktgep qetjgpz ia jm`wcgogmps em` jmkgmwjpzia mepwtg pi jmswtg ~illjmepjim, pbg itcbj` ~lemp, cio~gmsepjmk

ait pbg grptgog èmkgt pbtgepgmjmk jps qgtz pjmz em` ~i{`gtzsgg` ~tikgmz, ~ti`wcgs pbjs sgg` jm ktgep ~tiawsjim- @et{jm cjpgèm jmspemcg ia img ~i` {jpb e~~tirjoepglz 1,>4> agtpjlg sgg`s, pbg~lemp dgetjmk aiwt swcb ce~swlgs- Img ~lemp ia Itcbjs oecwlepg~ti`wcg` pbjtpz sgg` ~i`s, gecb ~i` cimpejmjmk ediwp 1,4>> sgg`s,it e pipel ia 521,3>>- Atjpx Ojjllgt aiwm` 5,;71,00> sgg`s jm esjmklg Oerjlletje ~i`- Pbg {itl` {iwl` dg iqgttwm dz itcbj`s


18/158

LJAG SGCTGPS IA PBG ITCBJ@ :

{gtg jp mip pbep pbg sgg` ~tis~gts wm`gt cim`jpjims pbep etg

guwellz aeqitedlg pi jps gmgojgs, ~gsps em` awmkj- Pbg itcbj`

sgg`+s cbemcg ait swtqjqel js awtpbgt tg`wcg` dz pbg aecp pbep jp js

mip jm jpsgla sw~~ljg` {jpb swaajcjgmp aii` dwp owsp `g~gm` im

iwpsj`g bgl~e atjgm`lz awmkws cellg` Tbjxicpimje, sw~~lempg` jm

etpjajcjel cwlpjqepjim dz cbgojcel mwptjgmp- Emipbgt jo~itpemp `js/

e`qempekg ia pbg itcbj` sgg` js pbep, es cio~etg` pi ipbgt ~lemps,

jp js sjmkwletlz wm`jaagtgmpjepg` jmpi tiips, lgeqgs, em` gm`is~gto-

Pbg oeppgt ia ~ti~ekepjim js ia wpoisp cimcgtm pi pbg kti{gt-

^ti~ekepjmk atio sgg`, {bjcb {jll dg cimsj`gtg` jm e lepgt cbe~/

pgt, js e tepbgt pgcbmjcel ogpbi` ait dgkjmmjmk eoepgwts, dwp

ipbgt ogpbi`s ia ~ti~ekepjim, gjpbgt mepwtel it etpjajcjel, sggo

~tisejc cio~etg` pi pbg pbtjlljmk spitz ia sgg` ~ti`wcpjim em`

sgg` kti{jmk- Jm siog {ezs, bi{gqgt, pbgz etg oitg e`qempe/

kgiws, jm pbep pbgz etg sjo~lgt em` ~ti`wcg e ali{gt ia cgtpejm

e~~getemcg-

^lemps ia szo~i`jel kti{pb, pbep js {jpb pbg mg{ kti{pbciojmk iwp ia pbg desg ia em` elimksj`g pbg il` dwlds, {jll dg

aiwm` pi ~ti~ekepg tge`jlz dz `jqjsjim- Cepplgze, Leglje, em` Czo/

dj`jwo etg pz~jcel ia pbjs pz~g- Cz~tj~g`jwo js atguwgmplz aiwm`

pi `jqj`g jpsgla jm mepwtg gqgm oitg tge`jlz pbem ipbgts ia pbg

pz~g-

Pbg Cepplgze ~gtojps `jqjsjim es limk es pbtgg it aiwt dwlds etg

elli{g`- Gecb zget jm pbg ljag ia pbg Cepplgze e``s e mg{ kti{pb

ep pbg atimp gm` ia pbg ~lemp, em` cgtpejm s~gcjgs oez iccesjimellz

kti{ jm p{i em`, oitg tetglz, jm pbtgg `jtgcpjims- Es pbg mg{

dwlds aito, pbg il` imgs atguwgmplz dgkjm pi lisg pbgjt lgeqgs em`

tiips- Pbgz dgciog +~iit tglepjims,+ e `tek im pbg ljqjmk ~lemp-Im dgjmk sgqgtg` atio pbg ljqjmk ~lemp pbg decfdwlds, es pbgsg

il` `tzdwlds etg cellg`, {jll, ja ~lecg` jm e {eto, oijsp s~ip,

spetp ljag iqgt- Eapgt p{i, pbtgg, it ~gtbe~s aiwt zgets pbgsg {jll

dg mg{ ~lemps em` {jll ali{gt- Pbg e`qempekg ia pbg decfdwld

pz~g ia ~ti~ekepjim iqgt pbg kti{jmk ia sgg`ljmks js pbep pbg

ali{gt {jll grecplz tgsgodlg pbep ia pbg itjkjmel ~lemp, {bjlg jm


19/158

5I

pbg sgg`ljmk pbgtg js mi {ez pi pgll {bgpbgt jp {jll tgsgodlg img~etgmp ~lemp it pbg ipbgt it dg siogpbjmk gmpjtglz `jaagtgmp-

^lemps ia oimi~i`jel kti{pb, ljfg Qemè, Tgmempbgte, emÈmktegcwo, {jpb pbg mg{ kti{pb e~~getjmk cimpjmwiwslz atiopbg pi~ it cti{m, {jll mip `jqj`g si tge`jlz- Pbg imlz ogpbi` ia

~ti~ekepjim ait pbgo, ipbgt pbem sgg` kti{jmk, js pi cwp iaa pbgpi~ ia pbg ~lemp dgli{ sgqgtel ia pbg bwsfz egtjel tiips- Im dgjmk~ippg`, pbg pi~ ~etp oez pefg tiip em` dgciog e mg{ ~lemp- Jpjs e tjsfz ~tecpjcg, bi{gqgt, em` js mip gs~gcjellz tgcioogm`g`pi eoepgwts wmlgss ait siog tgesim pbg cti{m ia pbg ~lemp besdgciog èoekg` em` e~~gets `ge`- [bgm pbg pi~ js cwp iaa itjmhwtg` jm pbjs aesbjim pbg dippio ~etp {jll ~tidedlz `gqgli~e`qgmpjpjiws ~lemps- Pbjs pz~g ia ~lemp js e sli{ kti{gt em` mgg`spi dg qgtz letkg dgaitg ali{gtjmk, si pbep emz fjm` ia ~ti~ekepjimjs e sli{ em` pg`jiws ~ticgss ep dgsp-

^belegmi~sjs, {bjlg `jaagtjmk atio Qemè jm pbep jp js spgolgss,js elsi ia oimi~i`jel kti{pb em` mip `jqjsjdlg- Jp {jll iccesjim/ellz pbti{ e`qgmpjpjiws ~lemps atio pbg mi`gs ia pbg ali{gt spgo-Gr~gtjogmps beqg sbi{m pbep jp js ~issjdlg, dz {te~~jmk pbgali{gt mi`g jm èo~ Isowmè em` fgg~jmk jp {eto em` èo~,pi aitcg pbg kti{pb ia e mg{ ~lemp-

@gm`tidjwo, ia szo~i`jel kti{pb, {jll ~wp aitpb ljpplg ~lemp/lgps, cio~lgpg {jpb dwld em` tiips, ep pbg sljkbpgsp ~tiqicepjim-Pbgsg ~lemplgps `gqgli~ atio pbg cemg/ljfg ali{gt spgos- Ja pbgdgkjmmgt fgg~s bjs @gm`tidjwos, gs~gcjellz pbg `gcj`wiws pz~g,pii {eto em` oijsp `wtjmk pbg ìtoemp sgesim pbgz {jll {espgpbgjt sptgmkpb jm ~lemplgps em` aejl pi dliio- Oemz cioogtcjelkti{gts ~jcf pbg gmpjtg cemg im ali{gtjmk em`, eapgt cwppjmk iaa

pbg dliios, lez pbg cemgs im èo~, {eto sem` it kteqgl pi elli{~lemplgps pi `gqgli~ atio pbg ìtoemp gzgs- @gm`tidjwos etggesjlz `jqj`g` it kti{m atio sgg`-


20/158

Plxg Itcbj` Aeojlz

PBG ~tis~gcpjqg itcbj`jsp {jll {emp pi beqg e kgmgtel fmi{lg`kgia pbg itcbj` aeojlz em` e swtqgz ia pbg jm`jqj`wel ogodgts {jpb{bio bg oez {emp lepgt pi dgciog oitg clisglz ecuwejmpg`- Pbgtemkg ia cbijcg js {j`g, sjmcg, es bes dggm sej`, pbgtg etg atioajapggm pi p{gmpz pbiwsem` s~gcjgs- Pbjs cbe~pgt kjqgs e dtieèm` kgmgtel qjg{ ia pbg ajgl` jm pbg bi~g pbep pbg tge`gt {jll dgspjowlepg` pi awtpbgt jmqgspjkepjim- Jp js jmpgm`g` mgjpbgt es ecio~lgpg ljsp mit es e scjgmpjajc `gsctj~pjim, ait {bjcb Dejlgz+sSpemèt` Czcli~g`je ia Bitpjcwlpwtg js tge`jlz eqejledlg- Iwp ia~tjmp, dwp iccesjimellz aiwm` etg [jlljeos+s Itcbj` Kti{gt+sOemwel, @t- Twìl~b Scblgcpgt+s diifs im itcbj`s "jm Kgtoem*,em` Sem`gts+ Itcbj` Kwj`g- Pbg zget 5:0; se{ pbg ~wdljcepjim

iaSem`gts+ Cio~lgpg Ljsp ia Itcbj` Bzdtj`s-Pbg itcbj` aeojlz qetjgs {j`glz jm bedjpep, temkjmk pbtiwkbiwppbg pti~jcs, iqgt pbg pgo~gtepg ximgs ia dipb bgojs~bgtgs, em`gqgm tgecbjmk jmpi pbg atjmkgs ia pbg Etcpjc- Pbgtg js e sjojletlz{j`g qetjepjim jm pz~g, {jpb sgqgtel szspgos ia clessjajcepjim-

Pbg ajtsp `jqjsjim js jmpi oimi~i`jel em` szo~i`jel ktiw~s, tg/agttjmk pi pbg bedjp ia kti{pb- Pbg oimi~i`jel, jmclw`jmk pbgQemè em` Egtj`gs, kti{ cimpjmwiwslz atio e cgmptel cti{m,{bjcb gqgmpwellz e~~gets epi~ e limk spgo pbep bes atguwgmplz lispjps li{gt lgeqgs- ^belegmi~sjs, elpbiwkb oimi~i`jel, js spgolgss,dwp zgetlz kti{s e ~ejt ia lgeqgs atio pbg cbetecpgtjspjc cti{m-


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54

Pbg lgeqgs ia oimi~i`jel itcbj`s etg bgeqz, lgepbgtz, algsbz, em`ce~edlg ia spitjmk siog uwempjpz ia oijspwtg, dwp pbg ~lemps owspmgqgt dg elli{g` pi `tz iwp cio~lgpglz- Pbg lgeqgs ia Qemèpgtgs, ljfg ~jmg mgg`lgs, ì mip tgsgodlg lgeqgs, dwp etg pbtgg piaiwt jmcbgs limk, qgtz slgm`gt, tiwm` em` swccwlgmp, em` pe~gt pi

e ~ijmp-Pbg szo~i`jel ktiw~, ia {bjcb Cepplgze, Leglje, em` Ciglikzmg

etg mipedlg greo~lgs, bes e ctgg~jmk tiipspicf, {jpb gecb mg{kti{pb s~tjmkjmk atio pbg desg em` elimksj`g pbg lesp zget+skti{pb- Pbg mg{ kti{pb e~~gets es e s{glljmk it +ìtoemp+ gzgpbep ep pbg ~ti~gt pjog {jll +dtgef+ it dgkjm pi kti{- Jm siogkgmgte, swcb es Leglje em` Ciglikzmg, pbg kti{pbs {jll dtgef jmsgqgtel `jtgcpjims, dwp jm Cepplgze wswellz jm imlz img-

Pbg ~sgwìdwld, e cbetecpgtjspjc ia szo~i`jel itcbj`s, js e tgs/gtqijt ait aii` em` oijspwtg ekejmsp pjogs ia `tiwkbp em` ìt/oemcz- Jp `jaagts {j`glz eccit`jmk pi pbg `jaagtgmp kgmgte- Pbg~sgwìdwld ia Cepplgze js limkjsb, soiipb, em` tiwm`g`6 {bjlgpbep ia Leglje oez dg sljkbplz aleppgmg`, gqgm jm siog cesgs esswo/jmk e oemz/sj`g` emkwlet aito- Cgtpejm s~gcjgs beqg ~sgwìdwldspbep tgsgodlg soell ~jmge~~lgs- Pbg ~sgwìdwlds ia Iìmpi/klisswo em` Ojlpimje etg owcb aleppgmg` em` cio~tgssg`6 pbisgia Ciglikzmg etg qgtz tiwm`, sbitp, em` ~tiljajc6 em` pbisg iaCzodj`jwo qgtz letkg, tiwm`g`, em` spicfz- @gm`tidjwo jmoemz s~gcjgs lecfs ~sgwìdwlds, dwp gqgm pbg limk cemg/ljfgali{gt spgos, elimk {bjcb pbg lgeqgs kti{ jm ~ejts, etg ce~edlg iaspitjmk aii` em` oijspwtg-

Itcbj`s oez elsi dg clessjajg` es se~ti~bzpjc, pgttgsptjel, sgoj/pgttgsptjel, em` g~j~bzpjc- Bgtg {g {jll mip dg owcb cimcgtmg`

{jpb pbg se~ti~bzpgs, mepjqgs ia pgo~gtepg ximgs, sjmcg pbgz gjpbgtlecf ali{gts gmpjtglz it beqg soell jmcims~jcwiws ali{gts ia jm/pgtgsp imlz pi pbg dipemjsp- Lecfjmk cbliti~bzll, pbg qelwedlgktggm swdspemcg jm lgeqgs dz ogems ia {bjcb js eccio~ljsbg`~bipiszmpbgsjs "pbg oemwaecpwtg ia cetdibz`tepgs, swkets em`spetcbgs, pbtiwkb pbg ecpjim ia pbg swm it ljkbp im cetdim `jirj`gem` {epgt*, pbg se~ti~bzpg js aitcg` pi idpejm swspgmemcg atio


22/158

PBG ITCBJ@ AEOJLZ 53

pbg ~tg`jkgspg` aii` ia `gcezjmk itkemjc oeppgt jm pbg sijl- Pbgse~ti~bzpgs etg pz~jajg` dz pbg Citellitbzxe, {bisg pemklg` tiip/spicf tgsgodlgs citel, em` pbg Mgippjs-

Pbg pgttgsptjel itcbj`s etg elsi aiwm` jm pbg pgo~gtepg ximgs iadipb bgojs~bgtgs- Eoimk pbgo etg pbg pell Sidtelje, ktecgawl

Cz~tj~g`jwos, S~jtempbgs, em` aejtz/ali{gtg` Bedgmetje- Celz~sidwldise "it ditgeljs* js e mepjqg ia pbg cil` tgecbgs ia pbg Etcpjc-Mitpb Eogtjce ediwm`s jm mepjqg itcbj`s, oemz ia {bjcb etg qgtzciooim em` mip kgmgtellz tgcikmjxg` es itcbj`s- Oisp sbi{z iapbgsg, pbg Cz~tj~g`jwo it {gll/fmi{m +le`z+s slj~~gt,+ bes e {j`gtemkg ia bedjpep jm pbg Wmjpg` Spepgs em` bes epptecpjqg ailjekg es{gll es ali{gts- Bi{gqgt, ag{ ia pbg pgttgsptjel itcbj`s ptems~lemp{gll atio pbgjt oetsbz biogs, em` jp js ~gtbe~s dgsp pi sggf pbgoiwp em` gmhiz pbgo jm pbgjt mepjqg bedjpep-

Dz aet pbg letkgsp, oisp qetjg`, em` oisp sbi{z ia pbg itcbjàeojlz etg jmclw`g` jm pbg sgoj/pgttgsptjel em` g~j~bzpjc ktiw~s-Pbgsg etg pti~jcel it swdpti~jcel em` ljqg im ptggs jm pbg tejm/s{g~p ciespel hwmklgs it im detg ticfs jm pbg bip swm- Pbgjt glg/qepjim temkgs atio sge lgqgl pi p{i pbiwsem` aggp ediqg sge lgqgl-Pbgz ediwm` pbtiwkb ~etps ia Esje, pbg jslem`s ia pbg Siwpbêcjajc, Ewsptelje, Mg{ Xgelem`, Eatjce, em` Siwpb em` CgmptelEogtjce- Pbg Bjoelezes em` pbg Em`gs etg elsi cimkgmjel piliqglz itcbj`s-

Pbg g~j~bzpjc itcbj`s etg {j`glz em` {timklz cimsj`gtg` pi dg~etesjpgs dgcewsg pbgz kti{ im ipbgt ~lemps, mipedlz ptggs- Pbg~lemp +biog+ js ecpwellz wsg` imlz ait sw~~itp- Jm e``jpjim pi pbgtiips pbep cljmk pi ptggs, pbgsg itcbj`s elsi beqg egtjel "g~j~bzpjc*tiips pbep etg sgmp aitpb pi sgcwtg miwtjsbogmp atio pbg silwdlg

ojmgtel selps jm pbg oijspwtg/le`gm ejt em` atio pbg bwows{esbg` ì{m jmpi pbg ctipcbgs ia ptggs em` ctecfs ia ticfs- Pbgsw~~lz ia swcb miwtjsbogmp js ~lgmpjawl jm siog sgesims em`scemp jm ipbgts, e aecp pbep mi ìwdp ecciwmps ait pbg ajqg pi sgqgmzgets tguwjtg` ait pbg sli{ kti{pb atio sgg` pi dliio-

Jm bjs sglgcpjim ia ~lemps, pbg kti{gt oez ettemkg bjs cillgcpjimpi jmclw`g tg~tgsgmpepjqgs ia ell ia pbg ediqg/ogmpjimg` `jqjsjims


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50

em` elsi ~lem pi beqg ~lemps ciojmk pi dliio ell pbtiwkb pbg

zget- Pbg g~j~bzpjc itcbj`s, bi{gqgt, etg ia ~eteoiwmp jmpgtgsp

pi pbg kti{gt, em` {g sbell cimsj`gt pbgo jm siog `gpejl jm pbg

ailli{jmk ~etekte~bs-

Dipemjcel meogs ia itcbj`s etg wswellz limk em` cimawsjmk em`

`jaajcwlp pi ~timiwmcg, em` ep ajtsp sggo pi iaagt e sgtjiws idspeclg

pi pbg awtpbgt spw`z em` wm`gtspem`jmk ia pbg aeojlz- Pbg ~ti/

mwmcjepjims swkkgspg` jm pbg ljspjmks ia pbg qetjiws s~gcjgs em`

bzdtj`s im ~ekgs 5>;/43 etg jm kii` wsekg, dwp etg dz mi ogems

pbg imlz imgs ~gtojssjdlg-

Pbg Cepplgze, aeqitg` dz pbg alitjsp em` qelwedlg es pbg ~etgmp

ia letkg em` sbi{z bzdtj`s, js ~gtbe~s pbg itcbj` dgsp fmi{m pi

pbg ~wdljc- Pbgtg etg iqgt aitpz s~gcjgs ia Cepplgze- Jm pbgjt me/

pjqg spepg pbg ~lemps kti{ jm pbjcf clwspgts im ptggsatguwgmplz

oebikemz it e pz~g ia ececjeem` etg si {gll ~tipgcpg` dz kjemp

spjmkjmk emps pbep pbg imlz {ez pi betqgsp pbgo js pi cwp ì{mpbg ptgg-

Pbg Cepplgze ~lemp lecfs dgewpz pi pbg wmjmjpjepg`, dgjmk cio/

~isg` ia limkjsb, tiwm`g` ~sgwìdwlds, {bjcb e`qemcg tbjxiog/

aesbjim elimk pbg swtaecg ia pbg ~ippjmk ojrpwtg, em` etg pi~~g`

dz img, p{i, it pbtgg limk ktggm lgeqgs ia ajto lgepbgtz pgrpwtg-

Pbg eqgtekg Cepplgze +~wps im+ it kti{s img mg{ ~sgwìdwld e

zget- Eapgt sgqgtel mg{ dwlds beqg dggm aitog` pbg il` imgs pgm`

pi lisg pbgjt lgeqgs em` tiips, dgciojmk decfdwlds- Pbgsg decf/

dwlds etg atguwgmplz tgagttg` pi es ~iit tglepjims, i{jmk pi pbgjt

bedjp ia se~~jmk pbg gmgtkz ia pbg kti{jmk gm` ia pbg ~lemp- Ja

sgqgtg` em` ~lecg` jm e {eto, oijsp s~ip pbgz {jll wswellz tgs~im`dz sgm`jmk aitpb mg{ kti{pb em` tiips pi spetp e mg{ ~lemp-

E pjmz s{glljmk it ìtoemp gzg {jll dg aiwm` ep pbg desg ia

gecb ~sgwìdwld jm e Cepplgze ~lemp- Jm ~ti~gt pjog pbg gzg ia

pbg ziwmkgsp dwld dgkjms pi s{gll em` dtgef jmpi kti{pb, ecuwjt/

jmk mg{ lgeqgs em` sgm`jmk iwp mg{ tiips- E mg{ ~sgwìdwld js

aitog` em`, jm e bgelpbz, {gll/cetg`/ait ~lemp, gecb {jll dg ajmgt


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em` letkgt pbem pbg lesp- Jm cesg ia jmhwtz pi pbg aitgdwld, img iapbg ìtoemp gzgs ia em il`gt dwld {jll dtgef-

Atio eoimk pbg lgeqgs ep pbg pi~ ia pbg mg{ kti{pb pbg ali{gtsbgepb {jll aito- Qgtz `jscimcgtpjmk pi pbg dgkjmmgt js pbg bedjpia siog s~gcjgs ia kti{jmk it +pbti{jmk+ sbgepbs ep pbg pjog pbg

mg{ kti{pb js oe`g w~- Pbjs ogems pbep eapgt pbg mg{ dwld jscio~lgpg` pbgtg js e limk ~gtji` `wtjmk {bjcb pbg ali{gt sbgepbtgoejms go~pz ia dw`s, em` pbg eoepgwt `gs~ejts ia gqgt beqjmke ali{gt- Siog Cepplgzes gqgm beqg ìwdlg sbgepbs, {bjcb elsi`jse~~ijmp pbg gekgt kti{gt- Ajmellz, eapgt tg~gepg`lz bil`jmk pbg~lemp ekejmsp pbg ljkbp jm sgetcb ia dw`s, bg js tg{et`g` dz `js/ciqgtjmk soell ètf s~ips ep pbg desg ia pbg sbgepb- Ep lesp pbgali{gt dw`s etg +sgp+ it beqg dgkwm pi tj~gm- S~gcjgs `jaagt jm pbglgmkpb ia pjog tguwjtg` ait oepwtjmk it ali{gtjmk-

Pbg Cepplgze js eoimk pbg letkgt em` sbi{jgt ia pbg s~gcjgsitcbj`ss~gcjgs ogemjmk +mepjqg+ es i~~isg` pi +bzdtj`-+ Cilitjmktemkgs pbtiwkb ell sbe`gs em` pjmps ia ~wt~lg, atio eogpbzsp em`qjilgp pi oekgmpe em` `gg~ tg`- Dti{m, zglli{, em` ktggm s~gcjgsetg aiwm` eoimk pbg kgmws- Oemz ia pbg s~gcjgs beqg elde qetjg/pjgs, {bisg ali{gts etg ~wtg {bjpg {jpb e piwcb ia ktggm it zglli{ep pbg pbtiep-

Jo~itpemp eoimk pbg Cepplgzes etg pbg ledjepe ktiw~, pbisg~issgssg` ia e ajmg, letkg lj~, {bjcb oefgs pbgo qelwedlg es pbg~tikgmjpits ia cioogtcjellz `gsjtedlg bzdtj`s es {gll es ait pbgjti{m dgewpz em` ~ti`jkeljpz- Pbgsg ledjepgs beqg siog tg~tgsgmpe/pjqg dliiojmk, {jpb ptwsp{itpbz tgkwletjpz, ep gqgtz sgesim ia pbgzget- Pbg jmpgtog`jepg it +Cepplgze+ biwsg sepjsaecpitjlz sgtqgs pbjsktiw~- "Ait ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws sgg

~ekgs 5>;2-*

Pbg kgmws Leglje, mepjqg pi Ogrjci em` Dtexjl, js clisglz elljg`pi Cepplgze, ctissjmk tge`jlz {jpb jp pi aito pbg gruwjsjpg Leglji/cepplgze bzdtj`s- Pbg ~lemp js qgtz sjojlet jm bedjp em` e~~get/emcg6 pbg ~sgwìdwlds etg sljkbplz oitg emkwlet, ep pjogs uwjpgsuwetg, ep ipbgts uwjpg alep- Jp bes oemz egtjel tiips6 pbg mg{ lge`s


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51

dtgef jm oitg pbem img `jtgcpjim, kjqjmk jp em jttgkwlet aito ia

kti{pb- Gjpbgt pbg jmpgtog`jepg it ciilgt biwsg sgtqgs pbjs aeojlz-

"Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm`

im ~ekg 5>:-*

Pbg kgmws Dtesseqile js tglepg` pi Leglje em` Cepplgze, ctiss/

jmk betoimjiwslz {jpb pbgo pi aito pbg gripjc bzdtj`s Dtessi/

cepplgzes em` Dtessilegljicepplgzes- Pbg ~lemps beqg soell ~sgwì/

dwlds, {bjcb etg atguwgmplz cio~tgssg`- Pbg ali{gts, wswellz

{bjpg, it ktggmjsb/{bjpg, etg mip iwpspem`jmk grcg~p ait pbg qgtz

letkg, atjmkg` lj~, e cbetecpgtjspjc bem`g` ì{m pi pbg ~tikgmz-

Em jmpgtog`jepg, it gqgm {etogt, biwsg {jll sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em`

`gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 5>:a-*

Pbg kgmws @gm`tidjwo js ~tiljajc em` `jqgtsg, cio~tjsjmk siogimg bwm`tg` s~gcjgs, {bjcb qetz ktgeplz jm sjxg em` sbe~g- Jp cim/

pejms @- qjilecgialeqgms "qjg/i/lez/sgg/i/alez/qgms*, {jpb sjrpggm/aiip~sgwìdwlds, em` @- Scbmgj`gtj "sb+mz/`gt/gzg it gg*, ogeswtg` jmjmcbgs- Jp temkgs atio siwpbgtm Esje, ~etpjcwletlz pbg Sjffbjotgkjim, pbtiwkb Cgzlim, Oeleze, Sjeo, Cbjme, He~em, ell pbg letkgjslem`s "pbg ^bjlj~~jmgs, Heqe, Swoepte, Ditmgi*, em` gqgm siog iapbg soell jslem`s, pi Ewsptelje em` Mg{ Xgelem`- E sjmklg s~gcjgsbes dggm aiwm` pi e`hwsp jpsgla pi gmpjtglz `jaagtgmp ~lecgs- Ogo/dgts ia pbg kgmws kti{ im ptggs, jm pbg ktiwm`, em` im detg ticfs,pbtiwkb ktgep grptgogs ia pgo~gtepwtg em` glgqepjim- Siog beqgdggm aiwm` es bjkb es 57>> pi 4>>> aggp jm Dwtoe ep 54>>

Pbg @gm`tidjwo ~lemp js wmwswel jm e~~getemcg, dgjmk szo/~i`jel, g~j~bzpjc, em` dwldlgss, dwp ~issgssg` ia bgeqz cemg/ljfg

spgos, {bjcb elsi ~ti`wcg pbg ~e~gtz/ktggm lgeqgs- Gs~gcjellz jmpbg `gcj`wiws pz~gs pbgsg cemgs spitg swaajcjgmp oijspwtg em` aii`pi pj`g pbg ~lemp iqgt ~gtji`s ia grptgog `tiwkbp-

A-

Pbg kgmws js `jqj`g` jmpi `gcj`wiws em` gqgtktggm, {bjcb ekejm`jqj`gs jmpi {eto/ em` ciil/kti{jmk ~lemps- Ell gqgtktggm @gm/`tidgs "pbg meog eaagcpjimepglz kjqgm pbg kgmws dz itcbj`jsps* etgbem`siog ~lemps {jpb pbgjt lgeaz, ktecgawl ailjekg- Pbgz beqg


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PBG ITCBJ@ AEOJLZ 5;

cemg/ljfg spgos, pefjmk pbg ~lecg ia ~sgwìdwlds, em` dget pbgali{gts jm gtgcp ~emjclgs "clwspgts, es ia kte~gs*, sjmklz ep pbgmi`gs, it jm `tii~jmk tecgogs "spgos {jpb ali{gts eppecbg` epjmpgtqels*- Gqgtktggm @gm`tidjwos oez dg ecciooièpg` jm pbg{eto biwsg-

@gcj`wiws @gm`tidjwos etg ~gcwljet/liifjmk ~lemps, dgciojmk`tz em` sbtjqglg` deodii/ljfg cemgs gecb zget eapgt pbg lgeqgs`ti~ iaa- Eoexjmklz, em` liqgljgt dz cimptesp, pbg ali{gts dw` em`dliio atio pbg mi`gs "hijmps* ia pbgsg `tz cemgs- @gcj`wiws @gm/`tidgs dliio im pbg il` {ii`, em` gqgtktggm @gm`tidgs im pbgmg{ kti{pb- Pbgz oez dg ecciooièpg` jm pbg {eto biwsg em`tgoiqg` pi e ciilgt s~ip {bjlg tgspjmk- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjimsia {eto/kti{jmk em` gqgtktggm em` `gcj`wiws s~gcjgs ia pbjskgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 55>/55-*

Pbg kgmws Imcj`jwo js e qgtz il` img- Jp temkgs atio bipciespel tgkjims pi pbg cil` ia 54,>>> aggp glgqepjim- Jp js mepjqg piOgrjci, Cgmptel em` pti~jcel Siwpb Eogtjce, em` pbg [gspJm`jgs- Jp bes sbitp, pbjcf ~sgwìdwlds em` slgm`gt, ktecgawl lgeqgs-Pbiwkb pbg ali{gts etg soell cio~etg` pi pbg Cepplgze, pbgz etge s~tez/pz~g ia cimsj`gtedlg ktecg em` cbeto- Pbg dliios etg alep,ia sjlfz pgrpwtg, tgsgodljmk e èmcjmk kjtl {jpb {j`g/s~tge` sfjtpsem` pjmz {ejsp- Pbg clget dtjkbp zglli{ eppejmg` dz siog ia pbgs~gcjgs js wmswt~essg`- Em jmpgtog`jepg it ciil biwsg {jll sgtqg-"Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia pbg s~gcjgs ia pbg kgmws Imcj`jwooez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 555/54-*

Pbg ~issjdjljpjgs ia gecb kgmws etg si aescjmepjmk pbep jp js imlz

{jpb tglwcpemcg pbep {g ~ess im pi pbg mgrp- Pbg Cz~tj~g`jwosowsp dg `jsojssg` jm aet pii sbitp e s~ecg- [jlljeos bes `gqipg`

mjmgpz/p{i ~ekgs pi pbjs kgmws es ekejmsp ajapz/ajqg ait pbg Cepplgzes

em` ajapz/aiwt ait pbg @gm`tidjwos- Pbg eoepgwt cem imlz dg

wtkg` pi awtpbgt jm`g~gm`gmp tgsgetcb-

Dipemjsps beqg lepglz `gcj`g` im e cio~ljcepg` `jqjsjim elpgtjmk

pbg miogmclepwtg ia pbg Cz~tj~g`jwo, dwp ait pbg ~tgsgmp ~wt/


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52

~isg ell s~gcjgs cem dg `gelp {jpb wm`gt pbg il` jmclwsjqg meog-

Cz~tj~g`jwos etg dipb gqgtktggm em` `gcj`wiws- Pbg `gcj`wiws

ktiw~s etg atio Siwpb Eogtjce em` beqg cbjgalz e s~gcjeljxg`

dipemjcel jmpgtgsp- Ell ia Mitpb Eogtjce diesps Cz~tj~g`jwos,

dwp mip oemz ~gi~lg etg e{etg pbep pbg oi`gsp +le`z+s slj~~gt+

em` +oiccesjm ali{gt+ etg itcbj`s em` bwodlg sjspgts pi pbg tgkel

Cepplgze- Cz~tj~g`jwos etg pi dg aiwm` jm siog aito ~tecpjcellz

ell iqgt pbg {itl`- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia mepjqg Mitpb

Eogtjcem slj~~gts oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 554-*

Oitg sbi{z, em` eè~pedlg pi ktggmbiwsg cwlpwtg, pbg pti~jcel

Cz~tj~g`jwos, `gmjxgms ia pbg Aet Gesp, etg bem`siog ~lemps {jpb

sbjmz ètf/ktggm ailjekg- Pbgsg {etogt kti{jmk pz~gs beqg bem`/

sioglz oipplg` lgeqgs- Pbgz etg pbg ~etgmps ia pbg tiwm`g`/~gpel

bzdtj`s si ~tjxg` dz alitjsps-

Cz~tj~g`jwo jm jps pti~jcel aitos js e kgmws bjkblz tgcio/

ogm`g` ait eoepgwts- Jp js ktepjazjmklz ~tiljajc, gesz ia cwlpwtg em`

eè~pedlg, em` img ia pbg ag{ pbep cem dg kti{m jm e `{glljmk-"Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs {jpb oetfg` em` wmoetfg`

lgeqgs oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 554/53-*

Pbg kgmws Czodj`jwo js e bet`z img tgecbjmk em gqgt ktgepgt

em` {gll/`gsgtqg` ~i~wletjpz- ^lemps etg szo~i`jel, pgttgsptjel,

sgojpgttgsptjel, em` g~j~bzpjc- Pbgz etg kti{m iwpìits wm`gt

lepb jm pbg pti~jcs em` pbtjqg ~etpjcwletlz im pbg [gsp Ciesp ia

Mitpb Eogtjce, {bgtg Siwpbgtm Celjaitmje bi~gs pi dgciog pbg

Czodj`jwo cgmpgt ia pbg {itl`-

Pbg ~lemps beqg ktgep silj` ~sgwìdwlds em` qgtz limk ktess/

ljfg lgeqgs- Atio pbg `g~pbs ia pbjs ktecgawl ailjekg "{ejsp bjkb*,

pbg ali{gts cljod elimk pell, spwt`z spgos, wswellz gtgcp, dwp `tii~/

jmk jm siog s~gcjgs- Pbjs bem`siog s~tez itcbj` bes lgmp jpsgla

si {gll pi bzdtj`jxjmk pbep jp bes eppejmg` e ~gtagcpjim jm ali{gt,

ia sjxg em` sbe~g pbep tjqels pbg Cepplgze, em` jm temkg ia cilit

jp js swt~essg` dz mi ipbgt itcbj`- Pbg ejo ia oi`gtm bzdtj`jxgts

bes dggm pi ~ti`wcg e ali{gt {jpb e ìtsel sg~el em` ~gpels si


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PBG ITCBJ@ AEOJLZ 5:

tiwm` pbep pbg bem` cemmip dg sggm ja bgl` dgbjm` pbg ali{gt

e aet ctz atio pbg sljo/~gpelg` ktem`~etgmps-

S~gcjgs ia Czodj`jwo beqg ~tiqg` sptemkglz `jaajcwlp pi kti{

wm`gt etpjajcjel cim`jpjims, ~tidedlz i{jmk pi pbg `jaajcwlpz ia

kjqjmk pbgo ~ti~gt egtepjim- Ait pbep tgesim es {gll es ait pbgjt

sw~gtjit dgewpz em` sjxg, pbg bzdtj`s etg aet dgppgt fmi{m pbem

pbg s~gcjgs- Pbgz owsp dg kti{m jm e ciil biwsg it iwpìits-

Elpbiwkb pbgtg etg sjrpz fmi{m s~gcjgs, imlz ediwp pgm ia pbgo

beqg dggm wsg` pi emz grpgmp jm oefjmk pbg oemz liqglz bzdtj`s-

"Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm`

im ~ekgs 553/50- Ljspjmk js ait tgagtgmcg em` mip pi pgo~p pbg

eoepgwt pi ~ti`wcg it kti{ pbg ~lemps-*

Pbg kgmws Qemè cimpejms oemz s~gcjgs tg~tgsgmpg` dz letkg

bem`siog ~lemps em` e {j`g qetjgpz ia dgewpz jm pbg ali{gts- Dz

siog kti{gts cimsj`gtg` `jaajcwlp pi cwlpjqepg, pbgjt cbeto js {gll

{itpb pbg sw~~lzjmk ia pbgjt ~etpjcwlet mgg`s em` pbg spw`zjmk iapbgjt bedjps- Pbg ~lemps etg ~sgwìdwld/lgss, pbg lgeqgs `jspjcbiws

"`js/pjf/iws*, it `js~isg` jm p{i ~etellgl ljmgs elimk pbg bgeqz,

gtgcp spgo- Pbg pgm`gmcz ia pbg spgo js pi kti{ w~ pi{et` pbg

swm, es pbg swt~tjsg` eoepgwt ajm`s {bgm bjs ~lemp tgecbgs pbg

tiia em` bes mi oitg tiio pi kti{- Pbg li{gt lgeqgs atguwgmplz

`ti~ iaa- Pbjcf egtjel tiips aito elimk pbg spgo em`, {bgm

soiipb, ktggm/pj~~g`, em` aep, jm`jcepg pbep pbg ~lemp js ~tiktgss/

jmk- [bgm pbgz dgciog sbtjqglg` em` tjmkg`, siogpbjmk js `tes/

pjcellz {timk {jpb pbgjt cwlpwtg-

Jm pbg sbi{jgt s~gcjgs pbg ali{gts etg ditmg jm liisg tecgogs

em` beqg s~tge`jmk sg~els em` ~gpels6 jm ipbgts pbg ~gpels etgs~tge` em` pgm` pi till wm`gt- Jm pbg aitogt pz~g pbg pgrpwtg ia

pbg ali{gts js ~e~gtz dwp sbjmgs es pbiwkb s~tjmflg` {jpb `jeoim`

`wsp- Jm pbg leppgt pbg pgrpwtg js lgepbgtz it {erz em` qgtz bgeqz-

Pbg lj~ js iapgm qgtz jmcims~jcwiws- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia

jmpgtgspjmk em` liqglz Qemès pi dg kti{m jm pbg bip biwsg oez

dg aiwm` im ~ekg 557-*


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4>

Pbg kgmws ^belegmi~sjs diesps ~lemps eloisp es dgewpjawl espbgjt ali{gts6 pbgz beqg soiipb, sbjmz, letkg lgeqgs, goemepjmkatio pbg cgmptel cti{m, em` pbgz lecf ~sgwìdwlds- Cellg` dz pbgalitjsps +dwppgtalz itcbj`s,+ jm pbgjt biog pbgz etg oitg mgetlz cit/tgcplz fmi{m es +oipb itcbj`s,+ klgeojmk {bjpg em` oipb/ljfg jm

pbg ètf ia mjkbp- Jm tgcgmp zgets pbgz beqg iapgm tg~lecg` ljljgsia pbg qellgz ait dtjèl diwuwgps dgcewsg ia pbg ~wtjpz ia pbgjt{bjpg s~tez/ljfg ali{gts- Bgeqz spte~/ljfg tiips ki aitpb sgetcbjmkait oijspwtg em`, i{jmk pi pbgjt bedjp ia tiqjmk em` cljmkjmk piaitgjkm idhgcps, cimspjpwpg e cimsj`gtedlg ~tidlgo jm tg~ippjmk-Gtgcp {ii`z spgos dget ali{gts ~tiljajcellz wmpjl pbg {gjkbp cewsgspbgo pi cwtqg ktecgawllz-

Pbg sptwcpwtg ia pbg ali{gts js gruwjsjpg, pbg ìtsel sg~eltiwm`g`, sbe~jmk pi e ~ijmp ep pbg pi~6 pbg sj`g ~gpels dtie` em`s{gg~jmk6 pbg p{i li{gt sg~els, metti{gt em` siogpjogs iqgt/le~~jmk, aitojmk e decfktiwm` ait pbg tgoetfedlg lj~, ctgspg`{jpb zglli{- Tg` ljmgs jm pbg pbtiep sggo pi sjkmel pbg {ez pipbg bzdtj`jxjmk jmsgcps, em` pbg aitg lidgs ia pbg lj~ etg atguwgmplzglimkepg` jmpi cwtljmk pgm`tjls- Em jmpgtog`jepg biwsg {jll sgtqgpbiwkb pbgz ~tgagt {etogt cim`jpjims- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjimsia s~gcjgs jmclw`g` jm pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 557/51-*

G~j`gm`two js e bet`z kgmws pi {bjcb dglimk e ktgep mwodgtia si/cellg` +dipemjcels+ pbep, dgcewsg pbgjt ali{gts etg soell emìa mi cioogtcjel qelwg, etg ia jmpgtgsp imlz pi dipemjsps- Pbg~lemp js qjmg/ljfg jm siog s~gcjgs, dwp bes `gajmjpg ~sgwìdwlds jmipbgts6 jp js g~j~bzpjc em` szo~i`jel- Pbg soell ali{gts etg qgtzedwmèmp, wswellz spettz "slgm`gt sg~els em` ~gpels es cimptespg`

{jpb pbg dtie` ~gpels em` sg~els ia Cepplgze em` ^belegmi~sjs*,em` atguwgmplz ia dtjlljemp, eloisp betsb, cilitjmkjmclw`jmk ellsbe`gs ia tg` atio itemkg pi oetiim- Jp bes em eaajmjpz aitSi~btimjpjs "sia+atim/gzg/pjs*, {jpb {bjcb jp tge`jlz ctissgs pi aitoG~j~btimjpjs, Jp kti{s ljfg e {gg` jm Ogrjci {bgtg bg`kgs iaG- te`jcems erg iapgm sggm- ^lemps beqg ~sgwìdwlds ia oemz em`qetjg` sbe~gs- Iwpìits it em jmpgtog`jepg, ciil, it bip biwsg


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{jll sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs oez dg aiwm` im

~ekgs 551/5;-*

Si~btimjpjs js e kgmws ia g~j~bzpjc, `{eta, gqgtktggm ~lemps

sjojlet jm e~~getemcg em` bedjp pi Cepplgze dwp tguwjtjmk ciilgt

cim`jpjims em` oitg ljkbp- Pbg cilitjmk ia pbg ali{gts js qgtz

dtjlljemp- Em jmpgtog`jepg it bip biwsg {jll sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em`

`gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 55;-*

Ogodgts ia pbg kgmws Iìmpiklisswo beqg dggm aiwm` `jaaj/cwlp pi kti{ wm`gt etpjajcjel cwlpjqepjim, es pbgz tguwjtg cim`jpjimsgmpjtglz `jaagtgmp atio pbisg ia oisp ktggmbiwsg itcbj`s- Sglìoaiwm` ep em glgqepjim ia lgss pbem 7>>> aggp, pbgz mgg` sbe`g, ejt,em` oijspwtg {jpbiwp dgjmk cbjllg`- Pbgz etg si sbi{z em`liqglz, jm tgs~gcp pi dipb ~lemp~sgwìdwldiws em` ailjecgiwsem` pi ctjs~lz sgttepg` ali{gts, pbep jp js {gll {itpb pbg gaaitp pi

spw`z pbgjt mepjqg gmqjtimogmp em` sw~~lz cim`jpjims pi oefgpbgo be~~z- Pbg ~lemps etg soell, cio~ecp, gqgtktggm, szo~i`jel,em` g~j~bzpjc, em` pbg ali{gts etg ditmg elimk pell, cwtqjmk s~jfgs-Pbg s~gcjgs etg oemz em` qetjg`, ell dgewpjawl- Pbgz tguwjtg ciil/biwsg cwlpwtg {jpb sbe`g-

Pbg kgmws js mipg` ait jps oemz ajmg mepwtel bzdtj`s- Jp ctissgstge`jlz {jpb Ojlpimje pi aito Iìmpimje, cimsj`gtg` dz oemzkti{gts em jo~tiqgogmp im pbg ~etgmps dgcewsg ia pbg letkgtali{gts em` ktgepgt gesg ia kti{pb- Jp elsi bzdtj`jxgs atgglz {jpbImcj`jwo pi aito Iìmpicj`jwo- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ias~gcjgs oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 55;/5:-*

Spembi~ge js em jmpgtgspjmk kgmws- Jp js g~j~bzpjc em` szo~i`jel,{jpb letkg, sbi{z, atektemp ali{gts, em` bes pbg bedjp ia pbti{jmk

pbg ali{gt s~jfg atio pbg dippio ia pbg ~lemp, si pbep jp tguwjtgs

~ippjmk jm e desfgp- Pbg ali{gts, mip ~tiljajc, beqg e ~gcwljet {erz

pgrpwtg em` etg `jse~~ijmpjmklz sbitp/ljqg`- Ja cwp joog`jepglz

em` ~lecg` jm {epgt pbgz {jll lesp e ljpplg limkgt- Pbg algsbz ~tioj/

mgmp lj~ em` itkems ait tg~ti`wcpjim `js~lez oemz swt~tjsjmk


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sbe~gs jm pbg `jaagtgmp s~gcjgs- Pbg ~lemps etg ~sgwìdwldiws em`beqg ètf ktggm lgeqgs- Gjpbgt em jmpgtog`jepg it ciilgt biwsg{jll sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oezdg aiwm` im ~ekg 55:-*

Pbg kgmws Ojlpimje bes qgtz atekjlg/liifjmk ~lemps, pbg ~sgwì/dwlds si ~elg e ktggm es pi e~~get ptems~etgmp em` pbg `gljcepgailjekg clisglz e`bgtjmk pi pbg ~sgwìdwlds ep pbg desg em` agepb/gtjmk iwp ep pbg pi~- Pbg ~lemps etg `jaajcwlp pi oejmpejm {jpbiwpzglli{jmk it s~ippjmk, em` etg qgtz swscg~pjdlg pi pbtj~s em` tg`s~j`gts, {bisg jmtie`s spjll awtpbgt oet pbgjt e~~getemcg- Pbgz etgg~j~bzpjc em` szo~i`jel- Pbg ali{gts etg letkg ait pbg sjxg ia pbgdwld em` etg ditmg jm letkg mwodgts im e slgm`gt, gtgcp spgo-

Ojlpimje, dgcewsg ia jps dgewpz em` qetjgpz, iaagts `gsjtedlg~lemps ait em eoepgwt cillgcpjim- Pbg ali{gts ì mip lesp {gll{bgm cwp, dwp ja lgap im pbg ~lemp etg limk/ljqg`- Ja {gll pgm`g`pbg {bilg ~lemp oefgs e ktecgawl em` epptecpjqg `gcitepjim itcgmpgt~jgcg- Jp ctissgs {jpb Cicbljiè pi aito Ojlpimjiè- Emjmpgtog`jepg biwsg sgtqgs- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs iapbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 55:/4>-*

Pbg kgmws ^bejws, elpbiwkb mip img ia pbg ptgeswtg` +cioogt/cjels,+ js sepjsaecpitz em` gesz pi kti{- Pbg ~lemp js pgttgsptjel em`g~j~bzpjc, bem`sioglz itmeogmpel, em` wswellz ~sgwìdwldiws- Jpbes letkg ajmg lgeqgs atio pbg oj`sp ia {bjcb tjsg pell, gtgcp spgosdgetjmk letkg, sbi{z ali{gts- Pbg cilitjmk js i`` {jpb pbg atg/uwgmp ciodjmepjim ia {bjpg em` zglli{, {bjlg pbg iwpsj`g iapbg ~gpels, sg~els, em` lj~ js {bjpg- ^bejws ctissgs tge`jlz {jpb

Celempbg- Em jmpgtog`jepg biwsg sgtqgs- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjimsia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 54>-*

Pbg kgmws Celempbg js pgttgsptjel, jmatguwgmplz g~j~bzpjc, szo/

~i`jel, gqgtktggm, em` siogpjogs `gcj`wiws- Beqjmk letkg, {j`g,

ktecgawllz `tii~jmk lgeqgs ia sbjoogtjmk pgrpwtg em` etpjspjc

ktiiqjmk, jp js owcb wsg` jm Gmklem` ait pedlg `gcitepjim- Pbg


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~sgwìdwlds etg letkg, bgeqz, em` ia ljkbp iljqg/ktggm, em` pbg

ali{gts kti{ jm s~tezs em` etg `gljcepglz cilitg`, pbiwkb cietsgt

jm pgrpwtg pbem oisp itcbj`s- Em jmpgtog`jepg it ciil biwsg {jll

sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg

aiwm` im ~ekgs 54>/45-]

Ciglikzmg js e ~sgwìdwldiws, gqgtktggm, szo~i`jel g~j~bzpg-

Jp qetjgs cimsj`gtedlz {jpb pbg s~gcjgs, pbg dwlds ia C- ctjspepg

dgjmk sbitp, ~lwo~, em` {gll/tiwm`g`, {bjlg pbisg ia C- êm/

`wtepe etg aleppgmg`, cio~tgssg`, em` `jspjcbiws- Pbg ali{gts etg

i``lz epptecpjqg em` ia ctjs~ pgrpwtg, kti{jmk atgglz im tecgogs

ciojmk atio pbg cgmpgt ia pbg mg{ kti{pbs, em` wswellz beqjmk

sg~els dtie`gt pbem pbg soellgt ~gpels- Em jmpgtog`jepg it ciil

biwsg {jll sgtqg- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws

oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 545-*

Pbg kgmws Lzcespg js e szo~i`jel g~j~bzpg, epptecpjqg em` gesz

pi kti{- Jp bes pbjcf ~sgwìdwlds em` sbitp, tjddg` lgeqgs, em` jmsiog s~gcjgs pbg ali{gts etg grptgoglz letkg ait pbg sjxg ia pbg

~lemp- Pbgtg js e {j`g cilit temkg, atio `gg~ ~jmf pi ktggmjsb/

dti{m6 pbg pgrpwtg js gruwjsjpg em` kljspgmjmk6 em` pbg sbe~g js

i``lz ljfg e bela/i~gm tisgdw`- Jp js sptjcplz e mepjqg ia pbg pti~jcel

[gspgtm Bgojs~bgtg- Jp oez dg ecciooièpg` jm e ciil it jm/

pgtog`jepg biwsg- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws

oez dg aiwm` im ~ekgs 545/4-*

Oerjlletje, ia cbjgalz dipemjcel jmpgtgsp, js e kgmws qgtz sjojlet

pi Lzcespg6 jm aecp, jp {es aitogtlz cimawsg` {jpb pbep kgmws- Jp

js e oimi~i`jel g~j~bzpg {jpb oemz clisg/kti{jmk, tiwm`g`,

sljkbplz aleppgmg` ~sgwìdwlds, em` jp dliios ~tiljajcellz, {jpb pjmzali{gts- Pbg lgeqgs etg wswellz ktess/ljfg- Em jmpgtog`jepg biwsg

sgtqgs- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg

aiwm` im ~ekg 544-*

Czcmicbgs js e liqglz kgmws pbep bes dggm mgklgcpg` dz Eogtj/

cem kti{gts- Pbg ~lemps beqg bgeqz, {ii`z ~sgwìdwlds- Pbg


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ktecgawl ailjekg js atguwgmplz sbg` jm pbg {jmpgt- Jm aecp, ali{gtjmkjs swcb e sptejm im pbg ~lemp pbep pbg il` dwld iapgm kjqgs ell jpssptgmkpb pi pbg mg{ kti{pb, em` pbgm sbtjqgls em` `jgs- Em jm/hw`jcjiws wsg ia {epgt js `jsesptiws- Pbg ~lemp ~ti`wcgs letkg,bem`siog ali{gts {bisg sbe~g bes getmg` ait jp pbg ktecgawl meog

+s{em+s mgcf itcbj`-+ Pbg ali{gts etg si wmwswel em` dgewpjawl pbeppbgz etg {itpb emz eoiwmp ia ledit jmqilqg` jm gmciwtekjmk pbgopi dliio- Eccit`jmk pi Ljm`lgz, C- qgmptjciswo ~ti`wcgs oelg,agoelg, em` mgwpgt ali{gts jm pbg seog sce~g- Jp gmhizs pbg bipbiwsg {jpb Qemès em` ^belegmi~sjs- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ias~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 544-*

Cepesgpwo js e kgmws pbep js ia s~gcjel jmpgtgsp mip dgcewsg iajps dgewpz, dwp dgcewsg ia pbg {gjt` sbe~g ia jps ali{gts em` pbgeoexjmk cimptjqemcgs wsg` jm ~illjmepjim- Jp js sglìo sggm jm cil/lgcpjims- Jp js `gajmjpglz g~j~bzpjc, ~ti`wcjmk egtjel tiips jm ~ti/awsjim6 jp js szo~i`jel em` mepjqg pi Cgmptel Eogtjce- [bgm pbg~lemp {es itjkjmellz aiwm`, jp {es pbiwkbp pbep pbg oelg ali{gt/~ti`wcjmk ~lemp em` pbg agoelg {gtg p{i sg~etepg s~gcjgs- Ktggm,zglli{, em` dti{m ~tgìojmepg jm pbg cilit scbgog ia pbg ali{gts-Em jmpgtog`jepg biwsg sgtqgs-

Ptjcbi~glje js emipbgt kgmws, ia letkglz dipemjcel jmpgtgsp- Pbg~lemps etg `{eta em` gqgtktggm- Pbgz beqg algsbz ~sgwìdwldsem` lgeqgs em` sbi{z, cwtjiwslz sbe~g` ali{gts, wswellz dgetjmkpwdwlet/sbe~g` lj~s- Em jmpgtog`jepg it bip biwsg {jll sgtqg-)Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 544-*

Oes`gqellje js e letkg kgmws {bjcb js tgoetfedlg ~tjmcj~ellz aitpbg {gjt` em` aempespjc sbe~g pefgm dz jps ali{gts- Jp js mepjqg pipti~jcel Eogtjce- Jp js szo~i`jel em` dipb pgttgsptjel em` g~j/~bzpjc- Jps ctgg~jmk tbjxiog em` sbjmz lgeqgs pefg pbg ~lecg ia~sgwìdwlds- Pbg ali{gts tgsgodlg wmgetpblz jmsgcps, {jpb limk,pe~gtjmk, cwtlg` sg~els em` e pwdwlet it cimpitpg` lj~, {bjcb jsoisp atguwgmplz {bjpg- Em jmpgtog`jepg biwsg {jll sgtqg-


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Cbzsjs js e soell kgmws cimpejmjmk imlz ediwp gjkbp s~gcjgs- Jp

js g~j~bzpjc, gqgtktggm, em` ~sgwìdwldiws- Jp bes sbi{gtjmk

ali{gts, {bjcb beqg e `jqj`g` lj~ {jpb e s~tge`jmk sfjtp/ljfg desg,

em` gtgcp sj`g lidgs, ljkbplz cwtqjmk pikgpbgt, {jpb e bii`g`

gaagcp- "Ljspjmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia siog ia pbg s~gcjgs ia pbjs

kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 543-*

Tgmempbgte, e mepjqg ia Jm`je em` pbg Siwpb êcjajc jslem`s, jse kgmws ia g~j~bzpjc em` `jspjcbiws kti{pb em` e `jaajcwlp tiqjmkbedjp- Siog ia pbg s~gcjgs beqg bi{z ali{gts, dwp pbgz etg `jaaj/cwlp pi kti{- Jp oez dg ecciooièpg` jm e bip biwsg- "Ljspjmkem` gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im ~ekg 543-*

Jp oez swt~tjsg em` jmpgtgsp pbg eoepgwt pi fmi{ pbep Qemjlle

js e kgmws ia pbg itcbj` aeojlz- Jp js grcgg`jmklz `jaajcwlp pi kti{,

bi{gqgt, i{jmk pi jps aet/tiqjmk, qjmg/ljfg bedjp ia kti{pb, em` jp

jmatguwgmplz ali{gts jm pbg pgo~gtepg ximg- Jp js oimi~i`jel, g~j/~bzpjc, em` gqgtktggm- Jp lecfs ~sgwìdwlds, dwp bes bgeqz, algsbz

lgeqgs- Pbg ali{gts etg aejtlz letkg, dwp pbg ~lemp owsp esswog

cimsj`gtedlg sjxg dgaitg jp {jll ali{gt- Pbg sgg` ~i`s etg pbg

siwtcg ia qemjlle- Em jmpgtog`jepg it bip biwsg {jll sgtqg- "Ljsp/

jmk em` `gsctj~pjims ia s~gcjgs ia pbjs kgmws oez dg aiwm` im

~ekg 543-*


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Swjpedlg Biwsjmk ait Itcbj`s

ATIO pbg pjog ia ecuwjtjmk bjs ajtsp ~lemp pbg dgkjmmgt jm itcbj`cwlpwtg owsp lgetm owcb pbep js mg{ em`, ~gtbe~s guwellz jo~it/pemp em` `jaajcwlp, wmlgetm owcb pbep e~~ljgs pi kti{jmk ipbgt~lemps- Ait swccgssawl kti{pb pbg itcbj`, ljfg ~lemps ia pbg ket`gmqetjgpz, tguwjtgs e ~ti~gt delemcg ia ljkbp, bgep, {epgt, em` aii`-Pbg ~ti~itpjim em` uweljpz ia pbgsg glgogmps etg, bi{gqgt, te`j/cellz `jaagtgmp ait pbg itcbj`-

Oisp g~j~bzpjc itcbj`s ciog atio pti~jcel it swdpti~jcel tg/kjims {bgtg pbgtg js edwm`emp epois~bgtjc oijspwtg em` {bgtg

pbg jmpgmsg swmljkbp js oi`jajg` dz `gmsg ailjekg- Sbi{z pti~jcelitcbj`s, `{gllgts jm tejm/s{g~p hwmklgs, cljmk pi ptggs em` sgm` iwplimk tiips, sggfjmk miwtjsbogmp atio oijspwtg/silwdlg ojmgtelsjm pbg ejt em` atio bwows jm pbg aitfs ia ptgg ptwmfs- Ipbgtitcbj`s kti{ im detg ticfs, {bgtg pbgz etg swdhgcpg` pi `tgmcb/jmk tejms em` `tzjmk {jm`s- Pbg swm jm pbg tgkjims {bgtg swcbitcbj`s kti{ js pgo~gtg` dz pbg cimspemplz `tjapjmk cliw`s pbepdtjmk pbg sw``gm sbi{gts- Jm ptems~lempjmk itcbj`s atio pbgjt`jqgtsg bedjpeps pi cjqjljxepjim pbg kti{gt js aecg` {jpb e oehit~tidlgoswjpedlg biwsjmk-

Pbgtg etg siog aitpwmepg tgkjims {bgtg biwsjmk ~tgsgmps ljpplgit mi `jaajcwlpz- Be{ejj diesps ag{ it mi jm`jkgmiws itcbj`s

"i~jmjims `jaagt im pbg oeppgt*, dwp pbg cljoepg oefgs jp ~issjdlgpi bemk jo~itpg` itcbj`s jm ptggs, {jpb be~~z tgswlps- Ewsptelje

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SWJPEDLG BIWSJMK AIT ITCBJ@S 4;

bes oemz mepjqg itcbj`s em` oemz liceljpjgs ecciooièpg jo/~itpg` itcbj`s jm dwsb/biwsgs, pbg guwjqelgmp ia Eogtjcem lepb/biwsgs- Im pbg jslem` ia Cgzlim em` jm siog ipbgt pti~jcel ciwm/ptjgs e letkg ailjecgiws ptgg jm pbg ket`gm oefgs e s~lgm`j` biogait oemz pz~gs ia itcbj`- Cgmptel em` Siwpb Eogtjce etg pbg

bedjpep ia oemz ia pbg ajmgsp ogodgts ia pbg itcbj` aeojlz, em`ket`gms ediwm` jm pbgo- Gqgm pbgtg, bi{gqgt, scelg em` ipbgt~gsps owsp dg fg~p wm`gt ajto cimptil- Tgkjims {jpb e cljoepgsjojlet pi Siwpbgtm Celjaitmje etg j`gellz swjpg` ait kti{jmk, wm`gtlepb, kgmgte swcb es Czodj`jwo-

Pbg cljoepg ia pbg oehit ~itpjims ia Mitpb Eogtjce, Gmklem`,em` pbg Cimpjmgmp, bi{gqgt, oefg siog sitp ia bgepg` klessbiwsgmgcgssetz- Pbg delemcg mgg`g` dz pbg itcbj`, elpbiwkb ~gcwljetem` grecpjmk, cem dg ~tiqj`g` ja pbg tguwjtgogmps etg wm`gtspiièm` ~tiqj`g` ait dz pbg kti{gt- Pbg pesf js pi ~tiqj`g cim`jpjims~etellgljmk pbisg ia pbg ~lemp+s mepjqg bedjpep, em` pi swdspjpwpgipbgts {bgm pbg mepwtel gmqjtimogmp cemmip dg e~~tirjoepg`-Pbg swccgss ia pbjs ~ticg`wtg js `goimsptepg` dz pbg aecp pbepoemz s~gcjgs kti{m jm pbg klessbiwsg etg aet letkgt em` oitgdgewpjawl pbem hwmklg/kti{m s~gcjogms-

Mepwtel cim`jpjims ia pgo~gtepwtg, epois~bgtjc bwoj`jpz, swm/ljkbp, em` atgg cjtcwlepjim ia ejt owsp dg tg~ti`wcg` ait gecb s~g/cjgs ia itcbj` ~lemp wm`gt cwlpjqepjim ja oerjowo ~ti`wcpjim emùweljpz ia dliios etg pi dg eppejmg`- Pbjs tguwjtgs siog sitp iagmcliswtg {bgtg gecb cio~imgmp ia pbg delemcg cem dg ~ti~gtlzcimptillg`- Pbgtg js ~gtbe~s mi ~gtagcp ems{gt pi pbg ~tidlgo iabiwsjmk- Gecb kti{gt, kwj`g` dz pbg gr~gtjgmcg ia ipbgts, owspajm` e silwpjim eccit`jmk pi bjs mgg`s, `gsjtgs, em` tgsiwtcgs-

Iccesjimellz siogimg {jll `gsctjdg, {jpb cimpekjiws gmpbw/sjeso, bi{ bg bes kti{m itcbj`s im pbg {jmì{ sjll ia e fjpcbgmit swm ~itcb, em` bes gqgm dtiwkbp pbgo pi awll dliio- Jp cem dgìmg- Swccgss `g~gm`s im pbg jmkgmwjpz ia pbg kti{gt jm jo~ti/qjsjmk ogems ait delemcg- Siog eoepgwts beqg eppejmg` e ogeswtgia swccgss dz eè~pjmk e bgepg` kless/gmclisg` ~itcb- Ipbgts beqgkti{m ~lemps jm pbg biog iqgt i~gm ~ems ia {epgt tgspjmk im


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sbglqgs jm atimp ia letkg {jm`i{s- Dwp jp owsp dg go~besjxg`pbep imlz pbg oisp qjkitiws pz~gs ia itcbj`s {jll pbtjqg it gqgmljqg wm`gt swcb cim`jpjims-

Pbg [et`jem cesg js e silwpjim ia pbg itcbj` biwsjmk ~tidlgoait e~etpogmp/biwsg `{gllgts em` ~gi~lg ljqjmk jm cimkgspg` etges-Jp oez dg e kless cesg, atguwgmplz ~jemi/dir sbe~g, ediwp p{gmpz/aiwt jmcbgs dz p{gmpz/gjkbp jmcbgs em` atio p{gmpz/aiwt jmcbgspi pbjtpz/sjr jmcbgs bjkb, ~tiqj`g` {jpb e pbgtoispepjcellz cim/ptillg` bgepjmk szspgo "em glgcptjc/ljkbp dwld, em glgcptjc cijl wm`gtpbg kteqgl ia pbg ptez, it gqgm e dtii`gt glgogmp {jll sgtqg*, {jpbe {epgt/pjkbp ~em ciqgtjmk pbg dippio pi bil` {epgt it oijspkteqgl pi bwoj`jaz pbg ejt, em` {jpb e ogems ia cimptilljmk pbgqgmpjlepjim "e bjmkg` atimp oez dg wsg` ait swcb egtepjim*- E``j/pjimel oijspwtg js siogpjogs sgcwtg` dz lezjmk leo~ {jcfs im~ti~s {jpb img gm` jm pbg ~em ia {epgt im pbg aliit- Em ell/klessaliit/pz~g sbi{cesg oez dg tge`jlz cimqgtpg` jmpi e [et`jemcesg- Oitg gleditepg cesgs, s~gcjajcellz `gsjkmg` ait itcbj` cwlpwtg,etg ~ti`wcg` dz sgqgtel oemwaecpwtjmk ajtos- Ait pbg eoepgwt{bi {jsbgs pi kti{ imlz pgm it p{glqg dliiojmk/sjxg ~lemps it{bi tguwjtgs em jmcwdepit ait itcbj`/sgg` cwlpwtg em` ait kti{jmksgg`ljmks jm cioowmjpz ~ips e ~ti~gtlz cimsptwcpg` [et`jem cesgkjqgs grcgllgmp sgtqjcg-

Mi{, elpbiwkb pbg i{mgt ia e [et`jem cesg ep ajtsp ~ticlejosbjs sepjsaecpjim, jp js pbg qgtz mepwtg ia em itcbj` kti{gt pbepsiimgt it lepgt bg sbiwl` dgkjm pi zgetm ait e ktggmbiwsg- Pbgktggmbiwsg js gssgmpjellz e kless/ciqgtg` sptwcpwtg "jmpi {bjcb pbgkti{gt oez gesjlz {elf spem`jmk gtgcp*, guwj~~g` {jpb pbg ogemspi cimptil qgmpjlepjim, pgo~gtepwtg, bwoj`jpz, em` swmljkbp- Pbg

temkg ia cbijcg grpgm`s atio pbg lgem/pi "wsjmk pbg {ell ia e`{glljmk es e ciooim {ell* em` pbg sjo~lg eoepgwt ktggmbiwsgpi pbg cimsgtqepitz {jpb e liapz etcbg` tiia em` pbg mgep ti{s iaptjo cioogtcjel biwsgs cellg` temkgs-

Dgaitg oefjmk e ajmel `gcjsjim jm tgket` pi pbg pz~g em` sjxgia biwsg, pbg eoepgwt {jll dg {gll e`qjsg` pi ~ewsg em` cimsj`gtbjs mgg`s em` bjs edjljpz pi oggp pbgo- Bg sbiwl` liif ebge` es


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SWJPEDLG BIWSJMK AIT ITCBJ@S 4:

aet es ~issjdlg, pi dwjl` ait pioitti{ es {gll es pièz- Oemz em

eoepgwt bes twsbg` bge`limk jmpi dwjl`jmk imlz pi ajm` pbep oemz

cisplz ojspefgs ojkbp beqg dggm eqij`g` ja bg be` ~wp e ljpplg

pbiwkbp em` spw`z jmpi ~lemmjmk-

Img pbjmk, esj`g atio dwtmjmk gmpbwsjeso ait bjs biddz, sgps

pbg itcbj`jsp e~etp es `jaagtgmp em` ~gtbe~s e ptjalg gccgmptjcbjs

pgttjajc ecuwjsjpjqgmgss- Pièz bg bes img ~lemp, pbg mgrp èz

siogimg iaagts bjo e decfdwld atio +oz qgtz dgsp ~lemp-+ Bg

tg~ips em` `jqj`gs {bep bg bes, jm`wlkgs jm e cioowmjpz ~ip ia

ajmg sgg`ljmks, pte`gs bgtg, dwzs pbgtg, em` ajmellz pefgs e cbemcg

im jo~itpjmk e bwm`tg` it oitg s~gcjgs ~lemps- Dgaitg bg js e{etg

ia {bep js be~~gmjmk pbg sjmklg ~lemp bes kti{m pi e cillgcpjim

pbep js mip soell- Eloisp iqgtmjkbp bjs itcbj`/biwsjmk mgg`s beqg

dgciog wmgr~gcpg`lz cio~lgr- Ja pbjs cimpjmkgmcz js mip aitgsggm

pbg biwsg {jll dg iwpkti{m dgaitg jp bes dggm cio~lgpg`-

Jp js `jaajcwlp, es jm ell dtemcbgs ia itcbj` cwlpwtg, pi sgp ì{m

emz bet`/em`/aesp twlgs ediwp pbg sjxg ia pbg ktggmbiwsg- Pbjsowsp dg `gpgtojmg` sptjcplz dz jm`jqj`wel mgg`s- J`gellz img

suwetg aiip ia dgmcb s~ecg ~gt ~lemp js `gsjtedlg- Itcbj` ~lemps

qetz ktgeplz jm sjxg6 pbgz kti{ jm cimpejmgts temkjmk atio pbwod

~ips pi letkg pwds, si pbep pbgjt s~ecg tguwjtgogmps `jaagt- Jm kgm/

gtel pbg ~lemps jm em eoepgwt+s cillgcpjim {jll tguwjtg atio img/

pbjt` pi img suwetg aiip ia dgmcb s~ecg, {jpb e``jpjimel s~ecg

elli{g` ait awpwtg ecuwjsjpjims- Jp ojkbp dg seag pi sez pbep e

mjmg dz p{glqg biwsg cem dg oe`g pi bil` ediwp 57> ~lemps {jpb/

iwp pii owcb cti{`jmk- Pbg iqgtcti{`jmk ia ~lemps owsp dg

cimsj`gtg` sgtjiwslz, ait iqgtcti{`jmk dtjmks ptiwdlg jm pbg aito

ia ~gsps, `jsgesg, em` s~ippg` ali{gts i{jmk pi ~iit ejt- Pbg mggìa itcbj`s ait atgg cjtcwlepjim ia ejt cemmip dg iqgt/go~besjxg`-

Jm pbg lesp emelzsjs, pbg sjxg ia em itcbj` biwsg {jll dg `gpgt/

ojmg` dz pbg qgtz ~tecpjcel cimsj`gtepjims ia eqejledlg s~ecg, pbg

eoiwmp ia oimgz pbg kti{gt cem s~gm`, em` pbg mwodgt ia

~lemps pi dg biwsg`gjpbgt mi{ it jm pbg awpwtg- E`qempekgs ia

e soell biwsg etg gesg em` gcimioz ia cimsptwcpjim em` oejmpg/


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3>

memcg- E siog{bep letkgt biwsg elli{s sw~gtjit bgepjmk em` qgm/

pjlepjim cimptil, {jpb dgppgt ejt em` lgss cti{`jmk-

Seo~lg ogeswtgogmps ait em eoepgwt biwsg ojkbp dg ajapggm

dz pbjtpz aggp {jpb e tj`kg mjmg pi pgm aggp bjkb, pbg tiia {jpb

e ~jpcb ia ediwp p{gmpz/sjr em` e bela `gktggs, ejslgs mip lgss pbem

p{i em` e bela aggp {j`g- Pbg dgmcbgs oez dg pbjtpz pi pbjtpz/

sjr jmcbgs bjkbpbg grecp bgjkbp kiqgtmg` dz pbg cioaitpedlg

tgecb ia pbg kti{gt- E pbjtpz/sjr/jmcb dgmcb im gecb sj`g ia e

pbtgg/aiip {elf tguwjtgs pbep pbg biwsg dg ep lgesp mjmg aggp {j`g6

e ajqg/aiip oj``lg dgmcb cem dg e``g` ja pbg biwsg js sjrpggm aggp

{j`g-

Eapgt sjxg, pbg mgrp cimsj`gtepjim jm pbg ~lem js licepjim, {bjcb

{jll ~tidedlz dg `jcpepg` dz glgqepjim em` pbg cimpiwt ia pbg

ktiwm`- Pbg biwsg sbiwl` dg si licepg` es pi ~tiqj`g pbg oisp

swmsbjmg- Sbe`g cem dg eppejmg` dz emz mwodgt ia ogems, dwp pbg

tjkbp ljkbp ciogs imlz atio pbg swm, ait {bjcb pbgtg js mi swdspj/

pwpg- Cimptetz pi ~i~wlet dgljga pbg itcbj` js e swm/liqjmk ~lemp-Jp oez grjsp, em` gqgm kti{, {jpbiwp swm, dwp {jpbiwp em e`g/

uwepg eoiwmp ia swmljkbp jp {jll mip dliio- Pbg mgg`s ia pbg

`jaagtgmp kgmgte grpgm` atio {gll/`jaawsg` ljkbp pi awll swmljkbp-

Ait pbjs tgesim e licepjim sbiwl` dg cbisgm {bgtg ~lgmpz ia swm

js eqejledlg- Pbg eoiwmp cem pbgm dg tgkwlepg` dz etpjajcjel

ogems-

Pbgtg bes dggm owcb cimptiqgtsz iqgt pbg tglepjqg ogtjps ia

mitpb/siwpb qgtsws gesp/{gsp aecjmk- Pbgtg js mi ~tjmcj~lg jmqilqg`

bgtgpbg aecjmk pbep kjqgs pbg oisp swm js pbg dgsp6 dwp ekejm pbg

cimpiwt ia pbg ktiwm` js e `gpgtojmjmk aecpit- Pbg ~tidlgo ia

aecjmk js mip ia ktgep jo~itpemcg {jpb e soell biwsg, sjmcg jp jssi mgetlz suwetg, dwp pbg swm+s ~epb iqgt e letkgt biwsg sbiwl`

dg cimsj`gtg`- Ptggs sbe`jmk pbg licepjim sbiwl` dg fg~p {gll

ptjoog` pi lgp gmiwkb ljkbp pbtiwkb- @gcj`wiws ptggs oefg grcgl/

lgmp sbe`g, ait pbgz etg oitg it lgss detg jm sgesims {bgm pbg

swm js {gef {bjlg pbgjt awll swoogt ailjekg cijmcj`gs {jpb pbg

~gtji` {bgm pbg swm+s tezs etg sptimkgsp-

Jp js mip mgcgssetz ait pbg lip pi dg lgqgl- Pbg ktggmbiwsg oez


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SWJPEDLG BIWSJMK AIT ITCBJ@S 35

dg tejsg` im ~jgts pi cio~gmsepg ait e bjllsj`g it jp oez dg dwjlpjm pjgts {jpb spg~s dgp{ggm- Pbg aiwmèpjim ~ti~gt, bi{gqgt,owsp dg lgqgl em` ajto- E kii`, lgqgl cimctgpg aiwmèpjim ~ezs`jqj`gm`s jm jmswtjmk ajtomgss- Sgppljmk cewsgs ctecfs jm pbg kless6ctecfs cewsg `tj~~jmk6 em` `tj~~jmks oefg ait s~ippg` ali{gtspbg

kti{gt+s ptekg`z- E``jpjimel ajtomgss cem dg kejmg` dz sjmfjmkgjkbp/ pi pgm/jmcb dilps jmpi pbg {gp cimctgpg ia pbg aiwmèpjim,em` pbgm dilpjmk pbg ow`sjll jmpi ~lecg-

Pbg mgrp cbijcg aecjmk pbg eoepgwt js dgp{ggm pbg biog/dwjlpbiwsg em` pbg oemz eqejledlg sgcpjimel, tge`z/dwjlp ktggmbiwsgs-^tgaedtjcepg` biwsgs, {bjlg ~issjdlz oitg gr~gmsjqg, etg gesjlzgtgcpg` em` oez seqg oimgz dz gljojmepjmk pbg ojspefgs ~tgqe/lgmp jm pbg ptjel/em`/gttit ogpbi` ia `gsjkm- Pbgtg js pbg e``j/pjimel e`qempekg pbep ~tgaedtjcepg` biwsgs etg oiqedlg, dgjmkdilpg` tepbgt pbem mejlg` pikgpbgt- Ktggmbiwsg oemwaecpwtgtssw~~lz `gpejlg` ~lems em` ell oepgtjels ait biwsgs pi dg gtgcpg`dz pbg kti{gt it e cet~gmpgt-

Pbgtg etg oemz pz~gs ia `gsjkm, dwp pbg oisp gcimiojcel em`sepjsaecpitz js pbg si/cellg` +gqgm s~em+ pz~g {bgtg pbg tiia sli~gswmjaitolz ì{m atio dipb sj`gs ia e tj`kg pi pbg geqgs- Pbjs sli~gsbiwl` mgqgt dg lgss pbem sjr jmcbgs qgtpjcel pi img aiip bitj/ximpel6 e lgssgt sli~g {jll jmqetjedlz cewsg lgefekg `wtjmk tejmz{gepbgt, em`, jmspge` ia twmmjmk ì{m pbg kless, cim`gmsg` oijs/pwtg {jll `ti~ atio pbg kless im pi pbg ~lemps dgli{- Ja cim`gm/sepjim ktiiqgs etg ojllg` jm pbg sj`gs ia pbg det sw~~itpjmk pbgtiia kless, oijspwtg cim`gmsjmk im pbg kless {jll dg `te{m iaa em``gsptwcpjqg `tj~~jmk ~tgqgmpg`-

E lgem/pi cimsptwcpjim, {jpb pbg ktggmbiwsg eppecbg` pi pbg

dwjl`jmk elimk pbg bjkb ~ijmp ia pbg kless tiia, js siogpjogsmgcgssetz- Jm pbjs cesg pbgtg etg cgtpejm `jaajcwlpjgs pi dg iqgt/ciog- Jp js `jaajcwlp pi oefg sptjcplz {gepbgt/pjkbp hijmps dgp{ggme lgem/pi em` pbg dwjl`jmk pbep aitos img {ell- Jp js iapgm e`/qjsedlg pi wsg e spemèt` cimsptwcpjim {jpb img gm` eppecbg` pipbg dwjl`jmk em` {jpb pbg tj`kg ep tjkbp emklgs pi pbg dwjl`jmk, espbjs ojmjojxgs pbg `jaajcwlpz ia alesbjmk ep pbg dwjl`jmk cimmgc/pjims- Jp sbiwl` dg ditmg jm ojm` pbep pbg sjr/jmcb pi img/aiip


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34

tiia ~jpcb owsp elsi dg ~tiqj`g` ait pbjs pz~g ia ktggmbiwsg-

Pbg dgsp ia cimsptwcpjim ~lems oez dg atwsptepg` dz sglgcpjimia wmswjpedlg oepgtjels- Itcbj`jsps ia Gwti~g em` pbg Dtjpjsb Go/~jtg beqg sbi{m {jsìo pbtiwkb pbgjt limk itcbj`/tejsjmk gr~g/tjgmcg dz sglgcpjmk imlz pbg oisp `wtedlg oepgtjels ait ktggmbiwsg

cimsptwcpjim- Oepgtjels owsp dg `wtedlg em` swjpedlg jm tglepjimpi pbg s~gcjajc cim`jpjims mgcgssetz ait itcbj` kti{jmkekejm pbgdelemcg ia bgep, bwoj`jpz, em` qgmpjlepjim- Atio pbg èzs {bgmpbg meog +spiqg+ {es ajtsp e~~ljg` pi pbg bipbiwsg, dtjcf bes dggmaeqitg` ait sj`g{ells, mip imlz dgcewsg ia jps `wtedjljpz dwp guwellzdgcewsg jp bil`s pbg oijspwtg em` spezs ciil jm swoogt em`{eto jm {jmpgt- Cgogmp, {bjlg mip si ~i~wlet, js eloisp es sepjs/aecpitz em` mip si gr~gmsjqg- Pbg cimpjmwiws oijspwtg cim`jpjimspbg cbijcg ia oepgtjel ait pbg ateog em` guwj~ogmp- Pbg {timk{ii` {jll tip em` wm~tipgcpg` ogpel {jll twsp- ^jmg em` ipbgtsiap {ii`s etg `gajmjpglz mip wsedlg, es oemz e ojskwj`g` eoe/pgwt, {jpb bjs biwsg `jsjmpgktepjmk ediwp bjo eapgt e ag{ sbitpzgets, bes aiwm`- Pbg cimspemp èo~jmk mgcgssetz ait pbg bgelpbia pbg ~lemps cewsgs te~j` tip jm pbg siapgt {ii`s- Im pbg êcjajcCiesp pbg eqejledjljpz ia tg`{ii`, {jpb jps tgsjspemcg pi èo~ emèdwsg, oefgs jp pbg {ii` ia cbijcg- Jm pbg Gesp em` Oj`{gsp,Tg` Kwla cz~tgss js aeqitg` ait pbg seog tgesims- Ell ogpel wsg`sbiwl` dg bip/`j~~g` kelqemjxg` spggl it dtess jm it`gt pi ojmj/ojxg cittisjim-

[bjlg pbg mjmg/aiip {j`g, p{i/dgmcb ktggmbiwsg ìgs mipit`jmetjlz tguwjtg e``jpjimel ateog{itf pi sw~~itp pbg tiia,biwsgs {j`gt pbem pbjs owsp dg oitg swdspempjel pi cettz pbge``jpjimel {gjkbp, ~tgqgmp sekkjmk ia tiia dets, em` tgsjsp {jm`-

Kelqemjxg` spggl ~j~g it sptwcpwtel spggl js ~tgagttg` ait pbjs ~wt/~isg- [bgtg pbg jmjpjel cisp js pbg oejm cimsj`gtepjim, {ii` oezdg wsg`, dwp jp bes e ~iit e~~getemcg em` js ljfglz pi sek-

Tiiajmk kless sbiwl` dg mg{ em` ia kii` kte`g, sjmcg ~iit klessoez jmpgtagtg {jpb pbg uweljpz ia pbg ljkbp- Sjmklg/sptgmkpb kless jsswjpedlg ait wsg im pbg êcjajc Ciesp it ipbgt liceljpjgs {bgtgpbgtg etg mi smi{ lie`s it bjkb {jm`s pi dg kwet`g` ekejmsp-@iwdlg/sptgmkpb kless sbiwl` dg wsg` jm oitg sgqgtg cljoepgs-


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Kless cem dg wsg` jm sjxgs atio sjrpggm dz gjkbpggm jmcbgs pigjkbpggm dz p{gmpz/aiwt jmcbgs- Jp sbiwl` dg jmspellg` dz dgjmklej` {jpb le~~g` hijmps sjojlet pi pbisg ia e sbjmklg tiia, grcg~ppbep pbg le~s dgp{ggm sbiwl` dg imlz img/gjkbpb pi img/aiwtpb iaem jmcb- [j`gt le~s etg mip e`qjsedlg dgcewsg pbg ce~jlletz ecpjim

jm pbg s~ecg dgp{ggm pbg le~~g` swtaecgs {jll cewsg lgefekg-Jm klexjmk pbg tiia, dg`s ia ~wppz sbiwl` ajtsp dg ~lecg` im pbg

kless teddgps ia ~tgqjiwslz ~tjog` {ii` tiia dets, em` pbg kless~tgssg` jmpi pbg ~wppz si pbep pbg gmpjtg s~ecg dgp{ggm pbg klessem` pbg dets js ajllg` {jpb ~wppz- Eapgt gecb ~emg bes dggm sgp jm~lecg jp sbiwl` dg sgcwtg` pi pbg dets dz ogems ia xjmc klexjmkmejls8 img mejl ep pbg dippio pi ~tgqgmp pbg kless atio slj~~jmkì{m, em` p{i oitg mejls `tjqgm jmpi pbg dets ep gjpbgt sj`g pibil` pbg kless ajtolz pi pbg ~wppz- Eapgt pbg kless bes dggm sg/cwtg`, grcgss ~wppz cem dg cwp e{ez alwsb {jpb pbg kless jmsj`gem` iwpsj`g- Jp js ~iit ~tecpjcg pi +aecg ~wppz+ it ~lecg ajllgps ia~wppz elimk pbg iwpsj`g hijmps, es js wswellz ìmg jm klexjmk e{jmì{ sesb jm e dwjl`jmk-

Emz ajtsp/uweljpz iwpsj`g ~ejmp oez dg wsg` ait ~ejmpjmk pbgktggmbiwsg- Pbgtg js imlz img qetjepjim atio spemèt` ~tecpjcg jmgrpgtjit ~ejmpjmk8 jp js {gll pi twm pbg ~ejmp iqgt pbg swtaecgs ia~wppz em` ediwp img/gjkbpb ia em jmcb im pi pbg kless jm it`gt pi~tilimk pbg ljag ia pbg ~wppz- Jp ojkbp dg {gll pi qetmjsb pbg ~wppzem` lgp jp `tz dgaitg ~ejmpjmk- êjmp pi dg wsg` jmsj`g pbg ktggm/biwsg sbiwl` dg sglgcpg` {jpb cewpjim- Jp sbiwl` dg fmi{m pi dgmim/pirjc pi pbg ~lemps- Pbg cimspemp èo~ oefgs emzpbjmksilwdlg- ^lemps etg si sgmsjpjqg em` pbg ~issjdlg èoekg si jm/sj`jiws pbep pbg eoepgwt js {etmg` mip pi wsg emz ìwdpawl ~ejmp-

@glgpgtjiws gaagcps im itcbj`s oez mip sbi{ w~ ait sjr oimpbs pie zget-

Jm pbg `jscwssjim ia pbg ~lem si aet, ~tiqjsjim bes dggm oe`gait oerjowo swm- Pbgtg js spjll pbg ~tidlgo ia cimptilljmk pbgjmpgmsjpz ia pbg swm, {bjcb js ekejm e oeppgt im {bjcb jmpgmsg`gdepg tekgs eoimk itcbj`jsps- Pbg ~lemps `goem` swm, dwp imlzgr~gtjgmcg {jll gmedlg pbg kti{gt pi spggt pbg ajmg ciwtsg dgp{ggmgmiwkb swm em` pbg grcgssjqg eoiwmp pbep {jll dwtm-


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30

Kgmgtellz s~gefjmk, pbg ktggmbiwsg kless oez dg fg~p clget ait

imlz e ag{ {ggfs jm oj`/{jmpgt- Ep ell ipbgt pjogs jp js mgcgssetz

pi ~tiqj`g sbe`g ia img sitp it emipbgt, dipb pi eqij` grcgssjqg

pgo~gtepwtg em` pi ~tgqgmp dwtmjmk- Em eppgo~p sbiwl` dg oe`g

pi e~~tirjoepg pbg `gktgg ia sbe`g aiwm` jm pbg mepwtel bedjpep

ia pbg ~lemps, {bgtg swmljkbp js ajlpgtg` pbtiwkb lezgts ia hwmklg

kti{pb- Pbg cbge~gsp em` gesjgsp ogpbi` ia sbe`jmk js pi ~ejmp

pbg kless im pbg grpgtjit {jpb siog ojrpwtg pbep eòjps cimsj`/

gtedlg ljkbp em` pbep oez dg gesjlz tgoiqg` jm pbg lepg aell pi

eòjp clget swm jm {jmpgt- Gjpbgt e ojrpwtg ia {bjpg lge` em`

kesiljmg it e {bjpg cesgjm ~ejmp pbep {jll {esb iaa js sepjsaecpitz

ait pbjs ~wt~isg-

E owcb oitg sepjsaecpitz sbe`jmk js sgcwtg` dz ogems ia lepb

sleps sw~~itpg` gjkbp pi p{glqg jmcbgs ediqg pbg tiia swtaecg-

Oisp itcbj` ~lemps pbtjqg dgsp jm pbg fjm` ia sbe`jmk ~tiqj`g`

dz lepbs, {bgtg oiqjmk dem`s ia swmljkbp elpgtmepg {jpb dem`s ia

sbeì{- Emzimg {bi bes sggm itcbj`s kti{jmk jm pbg pti~jcs {jlltgogodgt pbep gaagcp ia pbg swm- Pbg slep sbe`jmk elsi gaajcjgmplz

oi`gtepgs ktggmbiwsg pgo~gtepwtg im dlexjmk swoogt èzs- Em

e`hwspedlg pz~g ia slep sbe`jmk bes dggm `gqgli~g` pbep qetjgs

pbg eoiwmp ia sbe`g pi swjp pbg sgesim em` cem dg tgoiqg`

gesjlz ait clget kless cim`jpjims jm pbg {jmpgt "sgg ~ekg 3:*-

Siog kti{gts pefg em grpte ~tgcewpjim ekejmsp dwtmjmk dz pecf/

jmk cbggsgclipb it sbggt owsljm ediwp pbtgg jmcbgs dgli{ pbg cgjl/

jmk jmsj`g- Pbgtg js siog `jse`qempekg jm pbjs ~ticg`wtg, bi{/

gqgt, sjmcg pbg èo~ clipb awtmjsbgs em eloisp j`gel ~lecg ait pbg

kti{pb ia awmkws-

Pbg jo~itpemp oeppgt ia egtepjim js mgrp pi dg cimsj`gtg`-^ti~gt cjtcwlepjim ia ejt js gssgmpjel ait pbg bgelpb ia pbg ~lemps-

Wm`gt mepwtel cim`jpjims `tzjmk {jm`s fgg~ pbg g~j~bzpjc tiips

s{ggp ep ell pjogs- +Jm ce~pjqjpz+ pbg itcbj` tiips etg cimajmg` jm

~ips em` desfgps, em` pbg ejt ia pbg ktggmbiwsg cem gesjlz dgciog

+`ge`+ em` spwaaz- Ejt/cim`jpjimjmk {iwl` sggo pbg j`gel silw/

pjim, dwp pbg kti{gt owsp dg ogcbemjcellz jmcljmg` em` jmkgmjiws

gmiwkb pi jmqgmp e szspgo ia bjs i{m, ait pbg ag{ eqejledlg tge`z/


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oe`g szspgos etg ~tibjdjpjqglz gr~gmsjqg- Aitpwmepglz e {gll/~lemmg` qgmpjlepjim szspgo cem dtjmk pbg `gsjtg` tgswlp grcg~p jmgrptgoglz `tz cljoepgs, em` gqgm jm swcb liceljpjgs e ~ti~gt del/emcg dgp{ggm bgep em` oijspwtg cem dtjmk e {itfedlg silwpjim-

Qgmps ~lecg` elimk pbg tiia tj`kg {jll ~tiqj`g swaajcjgmp ejt cjt/

cwlepjim- Pbg i~gmjmks sbiwl` aecg e{ez atio ~tgqejljmk {jm`s,sjmcg e kgmplg oiqgogmp tepbgt pbem e `teap js tguwjtg`- Pbgi~gmjmks oez dg i~gtepg` dz ~wsbti`s it pbg oitg gleditepg{ito/em`/kget ogcbemjso- Qgmps owsp iqgtle~ pbg i~gmjmks pifgg~ iwp tejm em` smi{, em` pbgz sbiwl` dg sctggmg` ekejmsp jm/sgcps- Ktggmbiwsgs etg iapgm guwj~~g` {jpb dippio qgmps, dwppbgsg etg sglìo wsg` grcg~p jm pbg cesg ia cgtpejm kgmgte ljfgCzodj`jwo em` Iìmpiklisswo- Imlz gr~gtjgmcg {jll kjqg pbgkti{gt em wm`gtspem`jmk ia pbg fjm` ia egtepjim pbep js dgsp aitbjs ~etpjcwlet cillgcpjim jm bjs ~etpjcwlet cjtcwospemcgs- Jp js swt/~tjsjmk bi{ uwjcflz, {jpb cimscjgmpjiws idsgtqepjim, pbg kti{gtciogs pi tgcikmjxg pbg mgg`s ia bjs ~lemps-

Pbg oehit awtmjsbjmk ia pbg ktggmbiwsg jmpgtjit js siog fjmìa dgmcb it pedlg pi sw~~itp pbg ~lemps- Ja cgtpejm desjc tguwjtg/ogmps etg awlajllg`, pbg grecp pz~g ia dgmcb it spekjmk js w~ pi pbgjm`jqj`wel kti{gt- Swcb spekjmks etg, ia ciwtsg, swdhgcp pi sgqgtgoijspwtg cim`jpjims em` sbiwl` dg dwjlp ia `wtedlg {ii`, swcb estg`{ii` it cz~tgss, it ipbgt oepgtjels pbep {jll tgsjsp `gpgtjite/pjim- Cgogmp js siogpjogs wsg` dwp jp lecfs pbg e`qempekgs ia`tejmekg em` egtepjim ia pbg {ii`/slep pz~g ia dgmcb-

Slep/`gcf it pedlg/pz~g dgmcbgs oez dg dwjlp ia diet`s it ia imgdz p{i jmcb sleps ~lecg` ' ia em jmcb e~etp- Siog kti{gts wsge ìwdlg/`gcf dgmcb- Pbg li{gt `gcf bil`s {epgt/edsitdgmp

kteqgl, cifg it Bez`jpg ait bwoj`jazjmk ~wt~isgs- Iqgt pbjspbgtg js e slep `gcf ait ~lemps sw~~itpg` dz kelqemjxg`/spggl ~j~glgks- Pbg pjgtg` dgmcb, dwjlp ljfg spg~s {jpb gjkbp/jmcb ptge`s em`tjsgts, bes pbg e`qempekg ia ecciooièpjmk ediwp pgm ~gt cgmpoitg ~lemps ~gt aiip ia aliit etge, dwp pbg kti{gt jm {epgtjmk{jpb pbjs ettemkgogmp owsp dg ~tg~etg` ait `jaajcwlpz- Dgmcbgspbep etg pi bil` soell ~ips sbiwl` beqg e tejsg` tjo pi ~tgqgmp~lemps atio dgjmk fmicfg` pi pbg aliit-


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31

Jmsgcp/~tiiajmk ia pbg ktggmbiwsg js qjpel, es emzimg {bi bes

sggm pbg `g~tgèpjims ia ~gsps eoimk itcbj`s cem pgspjaz- Dgmcbgs

sbiwl` dg sgp e sbitp `jspemcg atio pbg {ell em` pbg lgks oez dg

sgp jm siog fjm` ia bil`gte cgogmp aito it gqgm e ^ztgr def/

jmk cw~cimpejmjmk jmsgcpjcj`g- Scelg em` awmkj beqg e `jediljcel

pgm`gmcz pi eppecf pbg ~etp ia e ~lemp ekejmsp pbg {ell em` iwp ia

tgecbbgmcg pbg {etmjmk pbep dgmcbgs sbiwl` dg +tgecb+ {j`pb-

Aliits sbiwl` ~tgagtedlz dg tejsg` e ag{ jmcbgs ediqg pbg swt/

tiwm`jmk ktiwm` pi ~tiqj`g `tejmekg- Img it p{i jmcbgs ia kteqgl

iqgt getpb "tiwm` it ~ge kteqgl js oisp sepjsaecpitz* oefgs pbg

dgsp pz~g ia aliit, sjmcg jp `tjgs iwp uwjcflz im pbg swtaecg {bjlg

tgpejmjmk oijspwtg wm`gtmgepb- Swcb e aliit bgl~s oejmpejm ~ti~gt

bwoj`jpz {bgm jp js {gp ì{m im bip èzs-

[elfs oez dg ia dtjcf it tiwkb cimctgpg- @wtedlg {ii` {elfs

etg oitg cioaitpedlg pi spem` im em`, ja cimsptwcpg` ia sleps, {jll

`tz iwp te~j`lz gmiwkb- Pbgz ì, bi{gqgt, ~tiqj`g bj`jmk ~lecgs

ait slwks em` ipbgt ~gsps, jmclw`jmk teps- Ejslgs dgp{ggm dgmcbgssbiwl` dg {j`g gmiwkb si pbep img oez {elf cioaitpedlz {jpb/

iwp aget ia dtgefjmk iaa mg{ sbiips, èoekjmk ali{gts, it fmicf/

jmk ì{m ~ips-

Bgepjmk js ~gtbe~s pbg oisp qgrjmk ~tidlgo cimcgtmjmk itcbj`

biwsjmk- Aget ia bgepjmk aejlwtg, {bjcb oez lgeqg itcbj`s gr~isg`

pi pbg `jsesptiws cil` ia atggxjmk {gepbgt, cewsgs pbg slgg~lgss

mjkbps ia oemz em itcbj`jsp- Img eoepgwt bes kimg si aet es pi

beqg em eleto dgll tjkkg` w~ jm bjs dg`tiio pi {etm ia emz bgep/

jmk aejlwtg- Oisp ia pbg {ittz cem dg eqij`g` ja gmiwkb pbiwkbp

kigs jmpi e bgepjmk ~lem {gll jm e`qemcg ia cimsptwcpjim- Qjsjps

pi pbg biwsgs ia ipbgt kti{gts, `jscwssjims {jpb pbgo ia pbgogtjps ia `jaagtgmp szspgos, cimagtgmcgs {jpb e licel ~lwodgt it

bgepjmk gr~gtp, em` jmqgspjkepjim ia eqejledlg oepgtjel {jll dg

{itpb ell pbg pjog em` gaaitp si s~gmp-

Pbg sjo~lgsp bgepjmk szspgos cem dg cimsj`gtg` imlz gr~g`j/

gmpssiog ia pbgo èmkgtiws imgs- Pbg awogs ia e fgtisgmg

spiqg etg `jsektggedlg pi bwoems dwp e ag{ itcbj`s jm e pjmz

biwsg {jll mip ajm` pbgo si- Pbg fgtisgmg spiqg js grcgllgmp jm


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J j- Dtessje Kjtgiw`jeme- Cispe Tjce "Ciwtpgsz Itcbj`@jkgsp*

J 4- Spembi~ce [et`jj- Kwepgoele "Eldgtpi ^gtgx6ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

J 3- Oitoi`gs cilissws- Cgmptel Eogtjce "Ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*


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JJ j- Cepplgze qglw/pjme- Dtexjl "El/dgtpi ^gtgx6 ciwt/pgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

JJ 4- Dtesseqile mi/ìse- Cgmptel Eogt/jce "Eldgtpi ^gtgx6ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @j/kgsp*

JJ 3- Imcj`jwoAitdgsjj- Dtexjl"Bettz Dlissagl 6ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @j/kgsp*

JJ 0- Iìmpiklis/swo ktem`g- Kwepg/oele "L- A- Be{/fjmsim6 ciwtpgszItcbj` @jkgsp*

JJ- 7- Ojlpimje qgr/jlletje- Ciliodje"I- I- Wblg6 ciwt/

pgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

JJ 1- Iìmpiklis/swo cjptisowo-Ogrjci "CiwtpgszItcbj` @jkgsp*


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Jl l @gm`tidjwo Aetogtj- Jm`je, Dwtoe "Ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*


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JQ 0- Qem`e cigtmlpMitpb Jm`je, Dwtm"I- I- Wblg6 ciwtpgItcbj` @jkgsp*

JQ 1- @gm`tidjwo sw~gtdwj^bjlj~~jmg Jslem`s "E- D- [limkbdz6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkge

JQ j- Czcmicbgs cbliticbjlim- Ciliodje "L- A- Be+fjmsim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

JQ 4- Lzcespc dtgqjs~epdszm- Cem`j`e- Cgmptel Eopjce "E- D- [jlliwkbd

ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

JQ 3- ^belegmi~sjs spwetpjeme- ^bjlj~~jmg Jslem`s "T@eqjs*

JQ 7- Ciglikzmc Bwgppmctjeme-Dwtoe "Elgr @- Be{fgs6 ciwtpgsz

Itcbj` @jkgsp*


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Q Qem`e Sem`gtjeme- Aiwm` imlz im Ojm`emei, ^bjlj~~jmg Jslem`s "Betil` Hibmsim*


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QJ 4- @iwdlg/`gcf itcbj`dgmcb cimsptwcpjim

QJ 3- [et`jem cesg wsg`itcbj` sgg` cwlpwtg "ADeos*

QJ 5- Em eoepgwt+s itcbj`biwsg {j pb kteqg l a liit`iwdlg/`gcf {ell dgmcbspg~~g` cgmpgt dgmcb

[et`jem cesg ait sgg`ljmk

ep tget


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QJJ 5- Slep sbe`jmk "ait `gsctj~pjim sgg ~ekg 3:* "J-- A- Be{fjmsim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj`@jkgsp*

5- Sj`g/qjg{ slep sbe`jmk "H- H- [jlsim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

)JJ 3- Sfgpcb ia bgep/mk ~lemp "ait `gsctj~/jim sgg ~ekgs 3;/2* LggDtiifs em` H- H-Qjlsim*

0+R 5 5)2+ LEPBSÊCG@ )+EÊTP

[JMKMWP

^lâALEWKG


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QJJJ Pbg cbjcfgm le``gt "Hgemmg A- Dti{m* Emz itcbj`jsp {bi bes wsg` em it`jmetz le``gt ait pbg ~wt~isg ia tg~lecjmk dtifgm kless ibjs ktggmbiwsg tiia {jll {glciog pbjs +cbjcfgm le``gt-+ Pbg le``gt tgsps ectiss 4 klexjmk dej"4* im bitjximpel sptj~s "3* em` js sgcwtglz biifg` iqgt pbg tj`kg ia pbg biwsg "0*- Jp oez p~wsbg` gesjlz elimk pbg tj`kg {bgm cbemkg ia ~isjpjim js tguwjtg`- Pbg spg~s ia pbg le``gt " ?etg mejlg` pi pbg tg`{ii` sled "1*- Pbg qgmpjlepit ";* js sbi{m clisg`, em` ep ";e* js sbi{i~gm wm`gt pbg le``gt-

SBI[JMK BI[ LE@@GT- TGSPS IM 4 KLEXJMK DETS

"J* CBJCFGM LE@@GT-

";* QGMPJLEPIT

^GTS^GCPJQG QJG[

IA CBJCFGM LE@@GT-

"&* J(( 4-$TJIKG lQ1$

SPTJ^ MEJLG@ PI PBG X$4$

IT 4(( $ "H* BITJXIMPEL

SPTJ^MEJLG@ IM JJ$ IT jCCGMPGTS

l$r |0$ SLE2 IA TJKJ@ TG@[II@ IT-

ITGKIM ^JMG- "JA SLEXJMS DETS DGP[GGM

KLESS ETG OITG IT LGSS PBEM JX(

SLED [J@PB CEM DG OITG IT LGSS

ECCIT@JMKLZ-*

"1*

"3* 4P/4/ IT 4=0$

BITJXIMPEL SPTJ^ PI

TGSP IM XDETS EP GEQJ

EP CGMPGT, 7W^^ICP, EM

EP TJ@KG-

CTISS SGCPJIM IA

CBJCFGM LE@@GT


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JR j- Iìmpimje Cet`jmeljs, A-C-C-T-B-S- "Ojlpimje Lzcgeme A-C-C- r Iìmpiklissom^wt~lg Uwggm* "L- A- Be{fjmsim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

JR 4- Czodj`jwo S{elli{ ^gtagcpjim "C- Elgrem`gt% [gspimdjtp qet, r C- êw{clsjj

qet- Ciopg `g Bgo~pjmmc* "Elgr @- Be{fcs*


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R j- Cz~tj~g`jjjo Lijm+s Cteo~tim

R 4- Cz~tj~g`jwo Cbg``jmkpim "C-[jlsim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*

RJ ^ippjmk Cepplgzes "I- I- Oggf6 cijpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*5- ^lemp jm mgg` ia tg~ippjmk- Mipjcg p

tiips dtgefjmk atio atimp lge`j`gel pjjpi tg~ip-4- Pbg ~lemp js pefgm atio pbg ~ip, ejpbg `gcezg` oepgtjel tgoiqg`- Pbg decdwlds, {bjcb beqg mi tiips, oez dg catio pbg ~lemp em` spetpg` jm kteqgl, {bpbg `itoemp gzg oez dtgef em` ~ti`we mg{ ~lemp-3- [gll/~ippg` ~lemp {jpb il` dwlds clcpi g`kg ia ~ip, aitg/dwld lgeqjmk tiio amg{ kti{pb- Tbjxiog ljgs alep ectiss ~"pjmk og`jwo-0- Jmcittgcplz ~ippg` ~lemp kti{jmk w{et` atio ~ippjmk og`jwo em` iqgt g` 6ia ~ip-


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RJJ 3- Cepplgz6Oissjeg r Legljicepplgze Tedgjem6"Hecf+[ii`*

RJJ 4- Sgg`ljmks "Hecf [ii`*

RJJ 0- ^ipjmete TwdzSpwetp Li{,5:30 "Cbetlgs I- @wmmg6 ciwtpgszItcbj` @jkgsp*

RJJ 5- Atio alesf sgg`ljmks pjdliiojmk ~lemp "Hecf [ii`*


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RJJJ Atio sgg` pi godtzi "O- E- Dwmi{6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj` @jkgsp*5- Sgg` es atio ~i`, sbi{jmk agtpjlg em` jmagtpjlg sgg`4- Sgg` 2 èzs eapgt ~lempjmk, sbi{jmk dgkjmmjmk pwdgtclgs dwp mi gmletkgogmp3- Sgg` 2 èzs eapgt ~lempjmk, sbi{jmk gmletkgogmp dwp mi pwdgtclgs0- Sgg` ep 5> èzs7- Sgg` ep 55 èzs1- Sgg` ep 54 èzs, pwdgtclgs sbi{jmk ep sj`g;- Sgg` ep 50 èzs, sbi{jmk godtzi dtgefjmk pbtiwkb ce~swlg em` aleppgmg` etgeatio {bjcb ajtsp lgea {jll e~~get2- Sgg` ep 51 èzs- Godtzi atgg atio ce~swlg:- Pz~jcel godtzi ep 52 èzs, atgg atio ce~swlg


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RJQ Dtessicepplgze B- K- Elgrem`gt "Cepplgze cjptjme r Dtesseqile @jkdzeme* "Tidgtp Hibmsim*


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RQ Dtessicepplgze Jletplem` "L- A- Be{fosim6 ciwtpgsz Itcbj`@jkgsp*


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RQJ 5- Legljicepplgze Gljsse "Betil` Hibmsim*

RQJ 4- Legljicepplgze @wlxwte "Twpb O- Pi``*


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SWJPEDLG BIWSJMK AIT ITCBJ@S 3;cesg ia gogtkgmcz, em` oemz em eoepgwt bes sgp pbg eleto aitpbg oj``lg ia pbg mjkbp pi tgajll pbg spiqg ekejmsp pbg cil`- E pz~gia kes aliit awtmecg, {gll qgmpg` em` {jpb pbg aleog mip `jtgcplzi~gm pi pbg biwsg, bes dggm aiwm` sepj

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How to Grow Beautiful Orchids (1950) - Willoughby , Adelaide