How to score your test:How to score your test:

1. a. 1 3. a. 51. a. 1 3. a. 5 5. a. 5 5. a. 5 7. a. 5 7. a. 5 9. a. 1 9. a. 1

b. 3b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3

c. 5 c. 1 c. 1 c. 1 c. 5c. 5 c. 1 c. 1 c. 1 c. 5

2. a. 5 4. a. 12. a. 5 4. a. 1 6. a. 5 8. a. 5 10. a. 5 6. a. 5 8. a. 5 10. a. 5

b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3 b. 3

c. 1 c. 5 c. 1 c. 1 c. 1c. 1 c. 5 c. 1 c. 1 c. 1

Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli

• Imprisoned, Imprisoned, tortured, and finally tortured, and finally exonerated, exonerated, Machiavelli looked Machiavelli looked to create a guide to create a guide for future political for future political leaders of Florence.leaders of Florence.

• The Prince The Prince and and The The Discourses Discourses 1513.1513.

Identify positions that call Identify positions that call for leadershipfor leadership

• Spiritual leaderSpiritual leader• Captain of an athletic teamCaptain of an athletic team• Teacher of a class of studentsTeacher of a class of students• Principal of a schoolPrincipal of a school• Superintendents of a school districtSuperintendents of a school district• President of the Student BodyPresident of the Student Body• General of an armyGeneral of an army• President of a collegePresident of a college• CEO of a corporationCEO of a corporation

List skills that leaders List skills that leaders should haveshould have

• DecisivenessDecisiveness• FairnessFairness• Ability to bring out the best in peopleAbility to bring out the best in people• Willingness to work as hard as the Willingness to work as hard as the

followersfollowers• Strong speaking and public relations Strong speaking and public relations

skillsskills• HonestyHonesty

List skills, traits, or powers List skills, traits, or powers that a leader needs to get that a leader needs to get ahead or get things done.ahead or get things done.

• Control of followers’ grades, Control of followers’ grades, promotions, or financial situationpromotions, or financial situation

• Threatening personalityThreatening personality• Good connections with others in Good connections with others in

positions of leadershippositions of leadership• Powers of persuasionPowers of persuasion• TrickeryTrickery• CompetitivenessCompetitiveness

Gift:Gift:

• Machiavelli wrote Machiavelli wrote The PrinceThe Prince as a gift as a gift to the Medici to the Medici family of Florence family of Florence hoping to be hoping to be reinstated into reinstated into political office as a political office as a diplomat.diplomat.

““Wishing, then, to present myself to Wishing, then, to present myself to Your Highness with some mark of my Your Highness with some mark of my duty to you, I have been unable to duty to you, I have been unable to find anything I possess that I hold so find anything I possess that I hold so dear or esteem so highly as my dear or esteem so highly as my knowledge of the actions of great knowledge of the actions of great men which has come to me through a men which has come to me through a long experience of present-day affairs long experience of present-day affairs and continual study of ancient times.”and continual study of ancient times.”

Importance of Importance of Understanding History:Understanding History:

• ““note how they note how they governed themselves governed themselves in time of war, examine in time of war, examine the reasons for their the reasons for their victories or defeats in victories or defeats in order to imitate the order to imitate the former and avoid the former and avoid the latter, and above all latter, and above all conduct himself in conduct himself in accordance with the accordance with the example of some great example of some great man of the past…”man of the past…”

Behavior of Leaders:Behavior of Leaders:

• ““A man striving in A man striving in every way to be good every way to be good will meet his ruin will meet his ruin among the great among the great number who are not number who are not good. Hence it is good. Hence it is necessary for a prince, necessary for a prince, if he wishes to remain if he wishes to remain in power, to learn how in power, to learn how not to be good and to not to be good and to use his knowledge or use his knowledge or refrain from using it as refrain from using it as he may need…”he may need…”

Question of how to Question of how to behave:behave:

• ““whether it is better to be loved than whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved;”feared or feared than loved;”

• ““it is much safer to be feared than to it is much safer to be feared than to be loved, if one must choose”be loved, if one must choose”

Behavior of man:Behavior of man:

• ““men in general- men in general- are ungrateful, are ungrateful, fickle, and fickle, and deceitful, eager to deceitful, eager to avoid dangers, an avoid dangers, an avid for gain;”avid for gain;”

Honesty:Honesty:

• ““hence a wise leader cannot and hence a wise leader cannot and should not keep his word when should not keep his word when keeping it is not to his advantage or keeping it is not to his advantage or when the reasons that made him when the reasons that made him give it (his word) are no longer give it (his word) are no longer valid.”valid.”

• ““men are wicked and will not keep men are wicked and will not keep faith with you, you are not bound to faith with you, you are not bound to keep faith with them…”keep faith with them…”

Appearance:Appearance:

• ““It is good to appear clement It is good to appear clement (merciful), trustworthy, humane, (merciful), trustworthy, humane, religious, and honest, and also to be religious, and honest, and also to be so, but always with the mind so so, but always with the mind so disposed that, when the occasion disposed that, when the occasion arises not to be so, you can become arises not to be so, you can become the opposite.” Necessary Evilthe opposite.” Necessary Evil

• --seem as a model of piety, loyalty, --seem as a model of piety, loyalty, integrity, humanity, and religion.integrity, humanity, and religion.

Control of the Divine Control of the Divine (God):(God):

• Free Will- “God controls half of our Free Will- “God controls half of our actions indeed but allows us the actions indeed but allows us the direction of the other half, or almost direction of the other half, or almost half.”half.”