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How would you classify the things found in a closet or a garage or a classroom?
Must be ½ pageName and Date!!
TAXONOMYLet’s Have Some Order Around Here!
TAXONOMY – the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name.
…NOT to be confused with this…
Why Classify?In order to name and group organisms in a
logical manner
It is a cougar.
**It’s a kitty!!!**
Puma concolor
TAXONOMY – the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name.
Who decided? And How? Grouped based on where they live?
Based on what their reproductive organs look like (plants)? Should it be a long name?
Should it be a Latin name?
WILD BRIAR ROSERosa sylvestris inodora seu caninaRosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro......
We needed a hero… Carl Linnaeus
a k a C a r o l u s L i n n a e u sa k a C a r l v o n L i n n e
a k a C a r l
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
• Binomial Nomenclature- two word naming system, the genus and species
• Always typed in italics
• Underlined when written
The biologists around the world now accept this binomial (two names) system of scientific names!
Rosa canina
Rosa canina
Rosa canina
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
When written or typed the Genus is always Capitalized and the species is not
LINNEAUS’ CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMKingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
KidsPlayingCatchOn Freeways GoSplat
Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel
Coral snake Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Domains- the three largest groups of living organisms
EukaryaArchaeaBacteria
All three of these have cells with very different characteristics.
PROKARYOTES thought to be one group BUT BIG Difference in these domains
What puts an organism in its domain are the CHARACTERISTICS of its CELLS.
Still kept the 6 Kingdom System…
AnimaliaPlantaeFungiProtistaArchaebacteriaEubacteria
BIGGEST KINGDOM = Most diverse and has most organisms in it
Kingdoms and DomainsDOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Methanogens, halophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell walls of chitin
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
Multicellular
Autotroph
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Animalia
Eukaryote
No cell walls or chloroplasts
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Now Biologists classify KINGDOMS under their appropriate DOMAIN based on characteristics of the CELLS they are made up of. HINT: THIS IS ON PAGE 459.
Dichotomous KeyA tool for biologists to classify and name
organisms.A series of paired statements that describe
characteristics of different organisms.Used by ecologists to track the population
size and diversity of an ecosystem. Environmental scientists can use this data to
analyze the health of the ecosystems in the area.
Using a Dichotomous KeyStudy the paired statements of the leaf
dichotomous key.Label each leaf with a partner using the
dichotomous key.
Try it on your own…• Look at the list of paired statements in
the salamander dichotomous key.• Use the key to fill out data table 1 and
answer the questions. When you are done hand it in.
Constructing a dichotomous key
Arrowhead
Bellwort
Trillium
Clover
VioletMay Apple
CHALLENGE:
