HOW-TO GUIDE: electric vehicle charger installation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1Definitions 2Acronyms 2ApplicableRegulations 3

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 4ZEVTypes 4ChargingBasics 5EVSESelection 7

SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN 8ConnectingtoPower 8ElectricalCapacity 8Visibility 8SignageandWayfinding 9

PARKING AND PLACEMENT 11ParkingSpaceSize 11Mounting 11Lighting 11Accessibility 11EVSEProtection 11

INSTALLATION 12PermitAcquisition 12SafeImplementation 12

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION 12HostAgreements 12ParkingPolicy 12

APPENDIX A - RESOURCES 13

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INTRODUCTIONManystakeholdersareunfamiliarwiththerequirementsandprocessforinstallingoff-streetElectricVehicle(EV)ChargingStations.Thisdocumentwillprovideguidanceonhowtonavigatetherangeofdecisionsnecessarytochooseandinstallchargingstationsinaresidentialorcommercialdevelopment.Thisdocumentisnotintendedtobeaninstallationmanual,orreplacementforapprovedcodesorstandards.

TheprocessforinstallingEVSEatacondominium,development,orhomeisnotcomplicated,butimportantproceduresmustbefollowedtoensuresafeandefficientchargingopportunities.Thisguidewillincreaseunderstandingforthesiteassessment,EVSEselection,andinstallationinordertomaketheprocesseasierandmoresuccessful.Theseguidelinesexplorecommunicationnetworks,connectiontothegrid,userinterface,aswellasotherconsiderations.

Boston,similartomanyotherleadingcities,hascreatedaClimateActionPlantoreduceourcontributiontoclimatechangeimpacts.Bostonhaslongbeenagloballeaderinreducingcarbonemissionsandpreparingthecityfortheeffectsofclimatechange.MayorMartinJ.Walshhascommittedtoagoalofbeingcarbonneutralby2050.BecomingcarbonneutralmeansthatourCitycanonlyreleaseasmuchcarbonpollutionasourenvironmentcansafelyabsorb.In2017,thetrans-portationsectorinBostonaccountedfor29%ofourtotalemissions.

GoBoston2030istheCity’slong-termplantotrans-formBoston’stransportationsystem.Theplansetsagoaltoreducedrive-alonetoworktripsbyhalfforbothjourneysoriginatinginBostonandthosecomingintoBostonfromtheregion.However,itisexpectedthatthereductionintheuseofautomobileswillbegradual,anddemandwillcontinuetoexistfortransportationthatcannotbeservedbywalking,biking,carpooling,andtakingtransit.

EV Charging TodaySignificantbarriersexisttoshiftingdriversoutofinternalcombustionenginecarsandintoEVsincludingthehighupfrontcostofEVs,perceivedlackofaccesstocharginginfrastructure,lackofawareness,rangeanxiety.Inarecentsurvey,45%ofBostonresidentssaidthatwouldconsiderpurchasinganEViftheyhad

1https://www.transportationandclimate.org/sites/default/files/EV_Siting_and_Design_Guidelines.pdf

sufficientaccesstocharginginfrastructure.Theinstallationofelectricvehiclesupplyequipment(EVSE)willbecomecriticaltoreachingourneutralitygoals.WhiletheCityistakingactiontosupportEVSEinfra-structureforresidentsofBostoninmunicipallyownedparkingassets,butitisrecognizedthatinmostcas-es,EVownersseektheeconomyandconvenienceofhomecharging.Manyestimatesagreethat80%-90%ofchargingwillhappenathome1.Residentialcharging,municipalcharging,office,andotherpublicallyaccessiblechargingmustbeofferedtogethertocreateanetworkthatwillcurbrangeanxiety,andsupportpracticaldrivingpatterns.

ProgramsOn-sitechargingisanincreasinglysoughtafteramenityfrombuildingtenants.ThereareanumberofprogramsavailableforthoseinterestedininstallingEVSE.Therearecurrentlyfinancialincentivesavailable,upwardsof60%fundingforEVSEinstallationfromtheMassachusettsStateprogramandotherincentives fromlocalelectricutilities.ChargingstationscanalsoearnLeadershipinEnergy&EnvironmentalDesign(LEED)pointsfortheproperty,whichisthemostwidelyusedgreenbuildingratingsystem.Itisrecommendedthatafterreadingthisdocument,thesitehostshouldevaluatewhichincentivestheyqualifyforandshouldpursuethoseopportunities.Ifasiteneedssupportunderstandingtheincentivestheyqualifyfor,pleasecontactbtd@boston.gov.

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DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

DEFINITIONS

ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE (ZEV):Anyvehiclethatemitsnotailpipeemissionsfromtheonboardsourceofpower,suchasbatteryelectricvehiclesandhydrogenfuelcellvehicles.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV): Anyvehiclethatislicensedandregisteredforoperationonpublicandprivatehigh-ways,roads,andstreetsandthatoperatesexclusivelyonelectricalenergyfromanoff-boardsourcethatisstoredinthevehicle’sbatteries,producingzerotailpipeemissionsorpollutionwhenstationaryoroperating.

PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV):Ahybridelectricvehiclewhosebatterycanberechargedbypluggingitintoanexternalsourceofelectricpower,aswellasbyitson-boardengineandgenerator.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE):Equipmentforthepurposeoftransferringelectricenergytoabatteryorotherenergystoragedeviceinanelectricvehicle.Thereare3differentstandardizedindicatorsofelectricalpowerandvoltage,atwhichanelectricvehicle’sbatteryisrecharged.ThetermsLevel1,Level2,andDirectCurrentFastChargingarethemostcommoncharginglevels.ThechargingstationlevelsaredefinedintheTechnologyOverviewsection.

EV INLET:IslocatedontheEVandconsistsofanelectricalsocketthat,whencombinedwiththeconnector,canprovideconductivechargingandinformationexchange.

CONNECTOR: Isadevicethat,byinsertionintoanEVinlet,establishesanelectricalconnectiontotheEVforthepurposeofinformationexchangeandcharging.

COUPLER:TheEVinletandconnectortogetherarereferredtoasthecoupler.

EVSE-INSTALLED: MeansaninstalledLevel2EVSE.

EV-READY:Meansprovidingracewaytoeveryparkingspace,adequatespaceintheelectricalpanelandspaceforadditionaltransformercapacitytoaccommodatethefutureinstallationofthetransformer,andtheassociatedLevel2EVSE.

RACEWAY: Anenclosedconduitthatformsapathwayforelectricalwiring.Racewaysprotectwiresandcablesfromheat,humidity,corrosion,waterintrusionandgeneralphysicalthreats.

EVSE-INSTALLED:meansaninstalledLevel2EVSE.

ACRONYMS

AC: AlternatingCurrent

ADA:AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct

CCS: ComboChargingSystem

DCFC:DirectCurrentFastCharging

EV: ElectricVehicle

EVSE:ElectricVehicleSupplyEquipment

FCEV:FuelCellElectricVehicle

FEMA:FederalEmergencyManagementAssociation

ICE:InternalCombustionEngine

PHEV: Plug-InHybridElectricVehicle

NEMA: NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

NFPA:NationalFireProtectionAgency

SAE:SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers

TAPA:TransportationAccessPlanAgreementwithBoston’sTransportationDepartment

ZEV: ZeroEmissionVehicle

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APPLICABLE REGULATIONS

2“MayorWalsh’sRemarksattheBostonMunicipalResearchBureau.”https://www.boston.gov/news/mayor-walshs-2019-remarks-2019-bos-ton-municipal-research-bureau

Ordinances,policies,andlawsaboutEVSEInstallationandreadinesssupporttheholisticnetworkofinfrastructureandcanincreaseadoptionofelectricvehicles.

Electric vehicle readiness policy for new developmentsBoston’spreviousEVpolicyrequiredthat5percentofparkingbeequippedwithEVchargersandanadditional10percentbeEV-readyinnewconstructionprojectsabove50,000squarefeet.ThisincludedallprojectsincertainareasofSouthBostonandDowntownregardlessoftheirsize,whichwasenforcedbytheparkingfreeze.

OnMarch7,2019,Boston’sMayorMartinJ.WalshannouncednewelectricEVinfrastructurerequirementsforparkinggarages2.ThepolicyappliestoallnewparkinggaragesincludinglargedevelopmentsrequiredtoundergotheTransportationAccessPlanAgreement.andinanynewdevelopmentintheSouthBostonorDowntownParkingFreezeZonesasdefinedbytheAirPollutionControlCommission.Thepolicyrequires25%ofparkingspacesinnewoff-streetparkingareasshallbeequippedwithelectricvehiclechargingstations,andtheremaining75%shallbeEVSEReady,ataminimum,equippedtoaccommodateelectricvehicleinfrastructureexpansion.

thepolicyallowsforflexibilitybyallowinganEVSEInstalledRequirementEquivalence.Eachparkingspotisworthonepointandmustbeoffset.OffsetoptionsincludeLevel1Chargers,Level2Chargers,DCFC-50kW,DCFC-150kW,EVCarshare,andElectricBikeParkingamenities.

ThispolicyandpointsystemweightsvariouschargertypestoensurethatthesamenumberofEVsareservedperunitoftimeasLevel2EVSE.TheEVCarShareandElectricBikeParkingweightisgivenbasedoffofemis-sionsreduced,andthereducedneedforcarownership.

Right to chargeAttheOctober18,2017Councilmeeting,theCouncilunanimouslyvotedtofiletheRighttoChargeasahomerulepetitionwiththestate.Thehomerulepetitionallowscondominiumunitownerstoinstallelectricvehiclechargingneartheirparkingspaces.Thiswasenactedintolaw bytheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesin2019.

Theproposalprohibitsacondoassociationfromunrea-sonablyrestrictinganownerfrominstallinganelectricvehiclechargingstationonorincertainareasinwhichtheyhaveexclusiveuse,oronacommonelement,aslongasthechargingstationisareasonabledistanceforthededicatedparkingspots.TheproposalseekstoincreaseaccesstoelectricvehiclechargingstationsandwillencourageincreaseduseofelectricvehiclesasaresultmakingiteasierfortheCityofBostontoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions.

Large project review developments and all developments in the Parking Freeze Zone must equip 25% of their total parking spaces to be EVSE (electric vehicle supply equipment) installed and the remaining 75% of the total spaces to be EV (electric vehicle) ready.

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TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

3https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/Electric_Drive_Bus_Analysis_0.pdf

ZEV TYPESAZeroEmissionVehicle(ZEV)isavehiclethatemitsnotailpipeemissionsfromtheonboardsourceofpower,suchasbatteryelectricvehiclesandhydrogenfuelcellvehicles.ZEVsgeneratefeweremissionsthangas-anddiesel-poweredvehicles.ZEVscanmeanseveraltypesofvehicles.AllZEVscanbepoweredsolelybyelectricity,butsomecanalsousebothelectricity,andanengine.ZEVsareavailableforotherapplicationsbesidespassengervehiclesaswell,includingbusesandtractortrailers.BelowisatableofZEVtechnologytypes.

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EVSEsupportsbothbattery-electricvehiclesandhybrid-electricvehicles.ThescopeofthisHow-ToGuideistoprovideguidanceoninstallingcharginginfrastructuretosupportthesebatterytypesforlight-andmedium-dutyvehicles.Thefocusofthissectionisonavailableandstreet-legalvehiclesthatincorporatebatteryenergystoragethatcanconnecttothegridforthesupplyofsomeorallenergyrequirements.

Electric BusElectric Vehicle (EV)Electric Bike (eBike)Electric Scooter (eScooter)Zero Emission Motorcycle

Consists of a relatively large electrochemical storage battery as the sole power source for the vehicle. It provides energy for propulsion through an electric traction motor(s) as well as power for all vehicle accessory systems. Battery-electric drive is also characterized by zero “point-of-source” (i.e., vehicle) regulated emissions.

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

Consists of a fuel-burning prime power source – generally an internal combustion engine (ICE) – coupled with an electrochemical or electrostatic energy storage device. These two power sources work in conjunction to provide energy for propulsion through an electric traction drive system. Power for all vehicle accessory systems can be provided electrically or mechanically from the ICE or combinations of both.

Consists of the fuel cell device itself which converts chemical energy into electric energy. It provides energy for propulsion through an electric traction motor(s), as well as power for all vehicle accessory systems. It can operate as a stand-alone prime power source or as the prime power source in a hybrid-electric drive system working in conjunction with an energy storage device. Fuel cells are also characterized by low to zero point-of-source regulated emissions, depending on the primary fuel stock (e.g., hydrogen, methane, alcohol, gasoline or diesel) on board the vehicle; hydrogen is the only fuel with zero point-of-source emissions.

Battery-Electric

Hybrid-Electric

Fuel Cell Electric

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CHARGING BASICS

4MargaretSmith,JonathanCastellano.CostsAssociatedWithNon-ResidentialElectricVehicleSupplyEquipmentFactorstoconsiderin

theimplementationofelectricvehiclechargingstations.U.S.DepartmentofEnergyVehicleTechnologiesOffice.Nov.2015.

EVSEEVSEdeliverselectricalenergyfromthepowersourcetotheEV.Thisensuresthatasafeflowofelectricityissuppliedtothevehicle.Thisisthemaininterfacebetweenthevehicle,grid,andtheutility.

Charging stationTherearecurrentlythreecategoriesofchargingstations-Level1,Level2andDirectCurrentFastCharging.Theydifferintheamountofpowertheyrequire,thenecessaryinfrastructure,cost,andtheamountoftimeittakestochargethevehicle.Thechargingstationisthepointoftransferfromthevehicletothegrid.

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* TherearemanywalloutletscommonlyusedforLevel2chargingincludingtheNEMA14-50,16-30,6-50,andtheoutletpicturedtheNEMA14-30.ContacttheEVSEmanufacturerformoreinformation

120V/20A outlet with dedicated circuit (standard wall outlet)

SLOW: Can fully recharge a battery in 8-12 hours, though larger batteries require 1-2 days

FASTER: Can fully recharge a car in 4-8 hours

FASTEST: Can recharge a battery to 80% capacity in 30 minutes

208/240V/ 40A service with dedicated circuit (similar amount of energy required for a dryer plug)

240V or 480V AC 24kW - 350kW+Needs dedicated transformersand electrical service.

RATE OF CHARGING PER HOUR

Residential or office buildings with assigned parking stalls. Sufficient for overnight parking

Residential or office buildings with unassigned parking stalls. Well suited for indoor, or outdoor locations

Settings where people park for short durations, such as commercial properties or businesses

RECOMMENDED LAND USE TYPE

In-vehicle In-vehicle, limited by onboard charger

In EVSE UnitPOWER CONVERSION LOCATION

Outlet, on wall Freestanding, or hanging station, or wall outlet

Freestanding unit, higher profileUNIT

J1772 connected to standard wall outlet

CCS Combo(L), CHAdeMO(R), and Tesla

J1772 connector*

WALL OUTLET OR CONNECTOR

VOLTAGE AND POWER SPECIFICATIONS

COST PER SINGLE UNIT

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Source: Quick Guide to Fast Charging

Connectors and cord setsMostEVSEandEVsuseastandardSAEJ1772connectorandinletthat’scompatibleforLevel1andLevel2chargers.Level1outletsaretypicalwalloutlets.

StandardizationofcordsandconnectorsisanongoingissueforDCFC.TheSAEJ1772isanalternativeto“hybrid”connectorsthatisastandardusedbyAmericanautomanufacturersandabletobeusedforallcharginglevels.Previously,thestandardwasonlyusedforLevel1andLevel2charging.ThisupdatedCSSCombostan-dardwasdevelopedincooperationwithEuropeanautomotiveexpertswhoalsoadoptedandendorsedaCSScombostrategyintheirapproach.Despitethisstandardization,therearetwootherconnectorsbeingused:Tesla,andCHAdeMO.TheCHAdeMOconnectorwasdevelopedinJapanandiscompatiblewithsomeEVs.SomestationsmayhaveboththeCSSCombo,aswellastheCHAdeMO.Teslahasaproprietarycouplerthatworksonlywiththeircars.TheNationalElectricCodestatesthatcordscanbenolongerthan25feet,unlessequippedwitharetractionorothercontroldevice.Mostrecommendthatthesitedesignrequiresnomorethan3-5feetofcorddistancefromvehicletochargingstation.EVSEcordsetscannotinterferewithpedestrianroutes,andcannotbeplacedinawaythatcreatesatrippinghazard.

EVSE softwareDifferentmodelsofEVSEhavedifferentlevelsoftechnologicalcapabilities.

Basic EVSEBasicmodels,alsoknownas"dumb"ornon-networkedchargers,communicatewithonlythevehicle,onceitbeginsthechargingsessionandendsthecharigingsession.Reportingandfeecollectioncapabilitiesareveryminimalforbasicchargers.Whilepaymentcanbepossibleonabasiccharger,theytypicallyworkbestwhentheEVSEisconnectedtoaseparateelectricalmeterorassignedtoaspecificperson,sothatpaymentcanbeallocatedcorrectly.

Smart EVSEAlllevelsofchargerscanbe“smart”.Thecapabilitiesofferedbyasmartchargertypicallymaketheupfrontcostmoreexpensive.Dependingonthebusinessmodelbeingused,smartchargersalsotypicallyrequireanon-goingmonthly,persession,orannualnetworkingfeetotheuser,sitehost,orboth.

Thelevelsofcommunicationavailableforasmartchargercanincludecommunicationwiththesitehost,utilitygrid,internet,anduser.EVSEusuallyconnectsbycellular,Ethernet,orwi-fi.Garagescanhavenetworkconnectioncomplications,andrepeatersmayneedtobeinstalledtoensurecommunicationcapabilities.

Smartchargerscancommunicatebetweenandconnect:1. EVtoparkingspace2. EVtoEVSE3. Usertopaymentnetwork4. EVSEtositehost5. Usertovehicle

Theinformationtotheusercanbeprovidedbysmartphone,RFIDtag,orcomputer,andcanincludeahighdegreeofinformation.Manysmartchargersuseanapplicationonasmartphone-thoughthereisnotonecommonplatformforEVchargingatthistime.Thelistbelowdetailssmartchargerstechnologyandthebenefitstothehostanduser.

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Smartchargers,andtheirassociatednetworks,canalsomitigateissuesthatmayarise.SystemalertscanensuremoreavailableaccesstoanduseofEVSEchargingspaces.Alertscanalsohelpusersavoidregulatoryenforcement- incasesofchargersthatmayhavedwelltimerestrictions.Asanalternativetoparkingregulations,dwellingatchargerscouldbedisincentivizedbychargingafeefortimespentparkedatcharger,ratherthanelectricityused.

SmartchargerssupportthedatacollectionthatisintegraltounderstandingEVchargingdemand,whichinformsdecisionsonimprovingandexpandingsystems.

Little management and oversight required for payment system

Enables easy payment for fee collection.

Enables easy access control by issuing special key fobs

Advanced payment collection options

• Support rate determination

• Reporting including user identityand energy consumption

• Communicate in-use status

• Help troubleshoot issues

• Regulatory enforcement

• Offer alternative for parkingregulations by charging a fee fortime spent parked

• Allows customized fee over time,energy, or session

• Remote software upgradesand service

• Enables data collection

• Demand response interaction withthe grid

• Communicates charging stationavailability and reservation capability

• Communicates rate of chargingDisplays fee rates

• Notifies for complete session

• Reporting of fee totals, electricityused, date, location and time spentcharging

Network and telematics capability

RFID/NFC communication

• Easy to use

• Interface for clear displayof information

• Advertisement opportunities,internal or external

• Branding opportunity

Touch screens/video capabilities

FUNCTION FOR SITE HOST FUNCTION FOR USER

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EVSE SELECTIONSelectingtheappropriateEVSEforthesituationiscrucialtomeetingtheneedsofpotentialusers.TheEVSEtypeshouldmatchthetimeitwouldtakeatypicalusertore-chargetheirvehiclewithinthetimetheyalreadyspendatthesite.Anadditionalconsiderationiswhetherornottheparkingisassignedtoaspecificperson.

ThetypeofEVSEcanalsobesuggestedbasedonthelanduse.BelowareafewlanduseswithEVSEsuggestions:

Residential parkingareas,includingcondominiums,apartmentbuildings,multifamilyhomesandsinglefamilyhomescanuseslowerchargersasresidentstypicallyspendeachnightathome,whichisanopportunetimeforacartocharge.Level1chargersareappropriatewhentheparkingisassigned,andLevel2chargersworkwellwhentheparkingisnotassignedorifavaletserviceisavailable.

Office buildingsalsotypicallyfollowthesamesuggestion,sinceemployeesusuallyareatworkfor8-9hours,andtheircarsitsdormant.Level1chargersareappropriatewhentheparkingisassigned,andLevel2chargersworkwellwhentheparkingisnotassignedoravaletserviceisavailable.

Commercialparkingareascanvarywidelyfortheamountoftimethatcarssitdormant.Typically,Level1chargersarenotappropriate.TheamountoftimethatittakesforLevel2chargersandDCFCchargerstochargeacarmatchthedwelltimeofcommercialparkingareas.Itissuggestedthatthesechargersbenetworked,astheremaybemanyuniqueuserswhoareaccessingthecharger.ItisrecommendedthatDCFCbeinstalledinparkingareasthatarepubliclyownedandpubliclyavailable(e.g.,Park&Ridelot,publiclibraryparkinglot,on-streetparking)orprivatelyownedbutpubliclyavailable(e.g.,shoppingcenterparkinglot,commercialofficeparkinggarage).CommercialsitesthatcanbeagoodfitforDCFCareareaswherepeoplespend20-30minutessuchasgrocerystores,pharmacies,andconveniencestores.SitesthatareagoodfitforLevel2chargersareareaswherepeoplespendaround1-4hours,suchasmovietheaters,libraries,museums,andsit-downrestaurants.

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SITE SELECTION AND DESIGNExistingsiteconditionshaveinfluenceoverwhattypeofEVSEisinstalled,andwhere.Themostcommonfactorsthatwillhelptolowerthecostofinstallationisdistancefromthechargingstationtotheelectricpanel,levelofcharger,chargercapabilitiesandexistingelectricalcapacity.

CONNECTING TO POWERConnectingtopoweristhemostimportantconsider-ationofthesiteselectionprocess.Sitescanvaryincostimmenselybasedontheproximitytoapowersource.Ingeneral,thecloserthattheEVSEistothepowersource,thelessexpensivetheinstallationwillcost.Costinstallationaveragesshouldnotbeusedtodeterminethecostofinstallation,asthisissitespecific.

Connectingtopoweroccursacrossvariousboundaries- includingthepublicandprivaterealm.Theconnec-tiontopowerinvolvesthelocalutility.InsomecasestheCityofBostonisinvolved,ifthepublicrealmisaffectedbythesystemupgrade.

ELECTRICAL CAPACITYEVSErequiresadedicatedelectricalcircuit,whichisthecomponentofanelectricitysupplysystemwhichdividesanelectricalpowerfeedintosubsidiarycircuits.Anelectricalcircuitisthewiringpathwaythatrunsfromthepowersource,throughwirestothedevicesbeingpowered,thenbackagaintothepowersource.Acircuitisessentiallyacompletedloopofelectricalcurrent.Dedicatedcircuitscanbeaddedintotheexistingelectricalpanel,ormayrequireanadditionalpanel.

Racewaysareanenclosedconduitthatformsapathwayforelectricalwiring.Racewaysprotectwiresandcablesfromheat,humidity,corrosion,waterintrusionandgeneralphysicalthreats.TheyarerequiredfromtheelectricalpaneltotheEVSElocation.Costsriseasthelengthoftheracewayincreases,becauseofthecostsofconstructionandtrenching.

MostsiteshaveenoughpowerforaLevel1charger,or120V.Level2chargersareequivalenttotheamountofenergyrequiredforastandardclothesdryer.ThecontinuousloadrequiredbyaLevel2charger,however,canburdenasystem.Upgradedcircuitscanrelievethesystemandreducethesafetyrisks.ThiscanalsobecontrolledthroughSmartEVSEsystems,whichlimittheamountofwattageacrosschargers.DCFCtypicallyrequireadditionaltransformercapacity,andusuallyrequireutilityupgradestoaccommodatetheadditionalanticipatedload.

METERINGPreviously,smartEVSEtypicallyhaveintegratedpaymenttechnology,andsomebasicchargersalsohaveverysimplepaymentsystemstoo.Somesites,likeresidentialorfreepubliccharging,makeitmoredesirabletohaveaseparatemeter,thoughnotrequired.Dedicatedmeterscanincreasethecostofinstallation.Theyisolateenergyutilizedforchargingfromtherestoftheenergyusedbythebuilding,whichallowsthehosttoallocatetheenergyusetothecorrectparty.ThisrequiresthattheEVSEconnectsdirectlytotheutilitygrid.Thisalsoallowsforcommunicationfromthemetertotheutility.SomeEVSEshaveintegratedmeters,whichcanbehelpfulforsavingspaceinagarage.

Separatelymeteredservicesalsoofferthepotentialopportunitytotakeadvantageoffuturetime-of-userateprograms.Time-of-userates,asimpliedbythename,changeaccordingtothetimeofdaywhenelectricityisconsumed.Duringpeakhours,asdefinedbytheindividualutility,ratesaregenerallychargedatahigherlevelthannon-time-of-userateswouldbe.Time-of-useratesofferusersasignificantdiscountduringoffpeakhours.Theseoptionsarecurrentlybeinginvestigatedbyutilities.EversourcelauncheditsConnectedSolutionsprogram,whichmakesadjust-mentstoyourEVChargertoputlessstrainonthegridduringpeakdemand.Tolearnmore,visitEversource’sConnectedSolutionswebsite.

VISIBILITYManyEVSEownersandoperatorswillwanttochooseasitethathashighvisibilitytomakeiteasierfordriverstolocate.Priorityparkingspaces,orpremiumparkingspots,usuallyclosetobuildingentrances,areagoodwaytohighlightEVSE,buthostsmustconsiderifthatlocationwillincreasetheinstallationcostsiftheracewayneedstobelonger.DedicatedspotsarereservedforEVSEchargingexclusively,andcanbeanopportunitytoincreasevisibility,andreliability.Signageandpavementmarkingscanhelpelevatevisibilityfordedicatedand/orpremiumEVchargingparkingspaces.

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SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDINGUservisibilityisincrediblyimportant.Therearethreetypesofsignageandwayfindingaddressedinthisdocument:generalservicesigns,regulatorysigns,andparkingspotstencils.WayfindingsignagehelpsEVdriverslocateanEVparkingspace,andalsoincreasesawareness.Regulatorysignagedesignatesaspaceforaspecificuse,andcaninvolvetimerestrictions.Parkingspotstencilshelptoincreasevisibilityandclearlyidentifyspaces.Allshouldbeprovided.ItisimportanttobeconsistentwiththeCityofBostonsuggestedEVSEsignagetohelpdriverseasilylocateEVSEregardlessofthebrandofthecharger.Acommonvisualidentitywillreduceconfusion.

Suggestedsignageforcurbsidecharging.

Suggestedsignageforoff-streetcharging.

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General service signsGeneralServicesignsareintendedtoprovidegeneralguidancetothechargingstationandshouldbeinstalledatasuitabledistanceinadvanceoftheturn-offorintersectingroadway,oratthechargingstation.Ifasiteislistedonasmartphoneapplication,ittypicallygivesanaddress,anddriverscanbecomefrustratediftheEVSEischallengingtofindwithinthesite.SignageshouldbeplacedattheparkingentrancenotifyingthepresenceofEVSE.TheCityofBoston’sWayfindingLogosignshouldbeusedforGeneralServiceEVSEsignage.

Figure1

A B C D

Regulatory signsRegulatorySignsarerequiredforenforcingwhichvehiclesparkinEVSEparkingspots,aswellasthetimedurationthatEVsarepermittedtoparkand/orchargeatpublicchargingstations.Iftimelimitsorvehicleremovalprovisionsaretobeapplied,regulatorysignageincludingparkingrestrictions,hoursanddaysofoperations,towing,andcontactinformationshallbeinstalledimmediatelyadjacentto,andvisiblefrom,theelectricvehicleparkingorchargingstation.Regulatorypavementmarkingscanbeusedinadditiontosignage.

Tobeenforceable,regulatorysignsshouldbenosmallerthan12”x18”andplacedimmediatelyadjacenttotheEVSEataheightof7feet.

Sign A isapermissivesignthatmustbeusedtodesignatethenumberofhoursanEVispermittedtoparkifadwellingrestrictionisinplaceandiftheparkingspaceisreservedexclusivelyforEVs.

Sign BindicatesthatthespaceisreservedexclusivelyforEVcharging,thoughtheEVdoesnotneedtobeactivelycharging.Thissignmustbeusedwhenthereisnodwellrestriction,butifthespaceisrestrictedforEVparking.

Sign C shouldbecoupledwithSignAorBifthebuildingrequiresthattheEVmustbeactivelycharging.

Sign D shouldbecoupledwithSignAorBtoindicatethattheEVmustbeactivelypluggedin,andmustvacatetheparkingspacewhenchargingiscomplete.

Parking spot stencilsParkingspotstencilsarenotenforceableorrequired,butpaintinganEVSEsymbolontheparkingsurfacecanhelptoidentifyEVSEspots.ParkingspotstencilscannotbesubstitutedforEVSEsignagerequirements.FortheCityofBostonapprovedstencil,refertoFigure1.

TogetthedetailsforEVSEsignage,regulatorysignsand/orstencilssuggestionsforyourprojectcontactbtd@boston.gov.

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PARKING AND PLACEMENTPARKING SPACE SIZEEVSEmustbeinstalledinawaythatdoesnotreducetheminimumrequiredoff-streetparkingspotsize.Amplespaceshouldbeprovidedforloadingandunloading,aswellasthechargingequipment

MOUNTINGEVSEcanbewallmountedorfloormounted.Differentmountingoptionshavetheopportunitytopreservefloorspace.Chargingstationoutletsandconnectorsshallbenolessthan36inchesandnohigherthan48inchesfromthesurfaceofthefloor.Level1outletsmaybe12inchesandnohigherthan48inchesfromthesurfaceofthefloor.

Level2EVSEandDCFCcanhavemultipleconnectors.ItispermissibletoservemorethanoneparkingspaceswithoneLevel2EVSEoroneDCFCEVSEunit,buteachassociatedconnectormustbeabletoreachtheindividualparkingspace.Oneportmayserveafewspaceswithmultipleconnectors,butsitehostsmusttakecautiontoensureeachconnectorcanreachtheintendedspace.Thismustbeconsideredwhenchoosingthemountingconfiguration.

LIGHTINGLightingshouldbeconsideredforEVSE.Inadequatelightingcancreateatrippinghazard.Lightingcanincreasesafetyandsecurityofasite,andalsodetervandalism.Iflightingupgradesarenecessary,itmaypresentanopportunitytoextendwiringforEVSEinstallations.

ACCESSIBILITYAccessibilityreferstotheeaseandabilitythatadrivercansafelypluginanEVtotheEVSE,andtheabilitytoreachalladditionalnecessarycomponents.Allpedestrianroutesmustalsobesafeandaccessibletodriversofallphysicalabilities.

AllEVSEplacedandproposedmustbecompliantwiththeAmericanswithDisabilitiesActrequirements,andallcodesrelevanttoElementADA/ABA2004ANSIA117.12017Section502.11.AllEVSEmustcomplywiththeMassachusettsArchitecturalAccessBoard’srulesandregulations.AnEVSEshouldhaveallrelevantpartslocatedwithinaccessiblereach,andbeinabarrier-freeaccessaislefortheusertomovefreelybetweentheEVSEandtheelectricvehicle.

StandardsforhowmanyEVSEspacesshouldbeADA-accessiblearecurrentlybeingconsidered.TheCityofBostonElectricVehicleReadinessPolicyforNewLargeDevelopmentsrequiresthat5%,butnotlessthanone,oftheprovidedEVSEspacesbeaccessible,thoughthisonlyappliestonewlargedevelopmentsthattriggertheArticle80process.

EVSE PROTECTIONBollardsandcurbsofferprotectionfromtrafficinci-dentsandtrippinghazards.AdequateEVSEprotection,suchasconcrete-filledsteelbollards,shouldbeusedwherewarranted.Wall-mountedbarrierscanbeusedasprotectionaswell.

Boston’ssealevelsareexpectedtorisethreefeetormorebeforetheendofthecentury.SomeareasinBostonareinfloodplains,orareasthatarelowerinelevation,adjacenttoariver,andmaybesubjecttoflooding.Racewayshallbeinstalledinawaythatmakesitresistanttoflooding,ifapplicable.Plugcapsarealsosuggestedasanadditionalmeasuretobuildfloodresiliency.EvaluatefloodriskusingBostonPlanningandDevelopmentAgency’s“ClimateResilienceLayer”intheZoningViewer.

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INSTALLATIONPERMIT ACQUISITIONFortheCityofBoston,thereisaseparateprocessfornewandexistingdevelopments.AnelectricalpermitisrequiredtoinstallEVSEforexistingdevelopments.However,installationofachargingstationassociatedwithanewdevelopmentprojectofanewresidentialornon-residentialpropertycanbeprocessedinassociationwiththeunderlyingpermit(s).

ElectricalpermitapplicationscanbefoundontheISDPermitPortal.Toapplyforanelectricalpermit,createanaccountontheInspectionalServicesportal.Aftertheaccountismade,select“Applyforapermit”onthehomepage.Entertherelevantprojectinformationincludinganyteammembers,numberoffloorsbeingworkedon,existingservice,newserviceinformation,andattachallnecessaryattachments.Underthedescriptionofconstruction/proposedjob,detailthatthejobisanElectricVehicleChargingStation.Whentheapplicationiscomplete,clicktoapplyforanelectricalpermitandawaitapprovaltobeginwork.Afterobtainingtherequiredpermitandsatisfyingtherelevantrequirements,sitehostscanproceedwithinstallation.

SAFE IMPLEMENTATIONInstallationmustbedonesafely,andincompliancewiththeapplicablestateandcitylaws.

ItisrequiredthatLevel2andDCFCareULcertifiedandinstalledbyaMassachusettslicensedelectrician.ConsidertheEversource'spreferredvendorlistforqualifiedelectricians.TheymustalsobeincompliancewithNFPA70,NECarticle625,andapplicableMAelectricalcodes.

Whenappropriate,besuretocontactDigSafe.ThelawsandrulesregardingdigsafecanbefoundbyvisitingtheDigSafewebsite.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONHOST AGREEMENTSTherearedifferentwaystomanageandoperateEVSE.Chargerscanbeownedorleased.Chargerscanalsobemaintainedbyathird-party,orinternally.Bothowning

andleasinghavepositiveandnegativeimplications.Itcanbemoreexpensivetohaveathird-partyoperatetheEVSE,astheytypicallychargeafee.Leasingchargerscanhaveexpensesassociatedwithitaswell,butastechnologyadvances,itgiveshoststheoppor-tunitytohavethelatestEVSEwithouthavingtopayupfrontownershipcosts.

PARKING POLICYParkingpoliciesdeterminethesystem,procedures,andrelationshipforparkingavehicleinagarageorparkinglot.Propertymanagementshallincludepropersignagetoindicatetheparkingpolicyforapplicabletimeandtheenforcementvehicles.Insomeinstances,itmakessensetocreateaseparatesystemforICEvehicles,andforEVs.

Ifaseparatesystemiscreated,theenforcementshouldbeincorporatedwiththeparkinglotmanagement,andpropereducationtotheparkingenforcementindividuals.

Hereisaseriesofparkingpolicyandoperationoptionsforthesharedpublicchargingstations:

Pay for time.Thisisequivalenttometeredparkingandgenerallymeanstheenergycostislessimportanttotheowner.Thisisadoptedtoincentivizedriversmoveandunpluggedaftertheyfinishcharging.

Pay for energy.Thisgenerallyworksbestifthereisatimelimitandparkingiswellenforced.Thisarrange-mentworksbestwithanotificationafterchargingiscomplete.

Pay a fixed fee: Thissystemchargesregardlessoftimeorenergy.

Pay a membership: Anexampleofthiscanbeafixedmonthlyfeeforunlimitedchargingatspecificchargingstationswithlimitedparkingandchargingtime.

Combination:Thissystemcouldhaveoneormoreofthesuggestedpolicies.

Penalty fee:Thischargesadriverintheeventthevehicledoesnotvacatethespaceaftertheallotedtimetoreachafullcharge.

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APPENDIX A - RESOURCESWXYEVSitingandDesignGuidelinesDigSafeEversource'sPreferredVendorListEversourceConnectedSolutionsProgramEversourceMakeReadyProgramBPDA’sFloodMapZoningViewerISDPermitPortalRechargeBoston-ElectricVehiclesWorkplaceElectricVehicleIncentivesResidentElectricVehicleIncentivesRighttoCharge

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