HS140: PharmacologyWeek 6: Analgesics/Antipyretics

Musculoskeletal System and Disorders

Overview of Unit 6

Reading: Chapter 16: Analgesics and Antipyretics Chapter 24: Musculoskeletal System Disorders Chapter 8: Converting Between Measurement

Systems, p. 146-150.

Discussion BoardSeminarAssignmentQuiz

Analgesics and Pain

Evaluation of pain is based on: Location Duration Intensity (1-10 scale) Precipitating factors

Pain may be Acute or Chronic: Acute-short duration, responds to analgesics Chronic-over time, less responsive to

analgesics, tolerance

Progressive Levels of Pain Relief and Treatments

4

Three levels of pain:• Mild Pain- acetaminophen, aspirin, or other

NSAIDS.• Moderate Pain- add mild opioid (codeine or

hydrocodone).• Severe Pain- strong opioid (demerol or morphine)

only; the nonopioid should be continued.

Opiate and Opioid Analgesic Agents (Narcotics)

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Used clinically to manage pain; strongest pain relievers known.

An opiate is a drug derived from opium. An opioid is a synthetic agent with similar actions, not derived

from opium. Tolerance and potential for dependence are important

concerns. Let’s name some drug examples and discuss uses (turn to p.

293 in textbook).

Salicylate Analgesics (aspirin)

Oldest of nonopioid analgesics; not for children.

Four distinct therapeutic actions of aspirin: Analgesic – inhibits

prostaglandin release from damaged tissues

Anti-inflammatory—reducing prostaglandin synthesis (contributes to pain)

Anti-pyretic—reduces fever Anti-coagulant - decrease blood

clot formation Turn to p. 297 of the textbook.

What are some examples? What are some drug interactions?

Acetaminophen

Non-opioid.Has analgesic and

antipyretic actions; No anti-inflammatory action.

Turn to p. 297 of the textbook. What are some examples? What are some drug interactions?

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)

Non-opioid.Inhibits cyclooxygenase

(COX) which results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors.

Turn to p. 297 of the textbook. What are some examples? What are some drug interactions?

Class Exercise 1: Working in a Medical Office

Virtual Consultation:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhvKrV0Hjnw&feature=related

Turn to p. 303 in the textbook.

As a class, let’s discuss the critical thinking scenario.

Musculoskeletal System

Two different systems working closely together. Muscular System made up of muscles and connective tissue

(ligaments, tendons). Skeletal System made up of bones and joints.

Osteoporosis and Therapy

Osteoporosis = Bone Resorption (Bone loss)

Common causes: Decreasing Estrogen

(women) Low/insufficient Calcium

intakeTurn to p. 479 of the

textbook. What are some medications used to treat osteoporosis? What are the dosages?

Joint Diseases and Therapy

Osteoarthritis – most common, generative noninflammatory, caused by ‘wear-and-tear’.

Rheumatoid arthritis – autoimmune, pain/swelling/limits movement.

Let’s discuss some of the medications used to treat joint diseases. Turn to p. 483-485 of your textbook.

Gout

Hyperuricemia (excess uric acid accumulation).

Symptoms: acute pain, swelling, redness, tenderness.

Patients on anti-gout medications should avoid food high in purines.

Medications: Acute attack – colchicine Prophylaxis – allopurinol,

probenecid

Class Exercise 2: Working in a Medical Office

Turn to p. 143 on the workbook.Let’s discuss scenario 2.

Systems of Measurement – Household System

Commonly used to measure medications at home.

Abbreviations and Equivalencies*

Household measure Abbreviation Metric measure

1 fluid ounce fl oz 1 fl oz = 30 mL

1 cup c 1 c = 240 mL

1 pint pt 1 pt = 480 mL

1 tablespoon T (tbs) 1 T = 15 mL

1 teaspoon t (tsp) 1 t = 5 mL

drop gtt 1 gtt = 0.06 mL

pound lb 2.2 lb = 1 kg

* Tables 8-2 and 8-3

Thank you for your attention and participation today’s seminar!

Any questions?

I look forward to the rest of Unit 6. Please contact me with any questions throughout the week.