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http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 1
iBadge V1.0
Contents:• Properties• Sensors• Bluetooth interface• Inferfacing iBadge• SW development• Energy monitoring• Speech processing• PCB / Enclosure
Presented by Ivo Locher
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 2
Aim of iBadge
• Investigate behavior of children in a Kindergarten
• Research subject for embedded systems / position tracking / wireless networks /speech recognition
• Basis for further applications
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 3
Properties of iBadge
• Speech recording / replaying• Position detection• Direction detection / estimation
(compass)• Tilt• Weather data: Temperature,
Humidity, Pressure, Light
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 4
BlockdiagramiBadge
Data/Address
Bus
ADC8bit
ext. INT
RS232 Microcontroller
AVRATMEGA103L
Humidity
Light
Pressure
AccelerometerADXL202E
Magnetic fieldsensors
HMC1023
BluetoothEricsson
ROK101007
RadioRFM
TR1000
Ultra sound
ADC24bit
TemperatureDS2438
BatteryMonitorDS2438
PC Interface
CodecTLV320AIC10
Power supplycircuit
PowerSwitches
Battery3.6V
700mAh
ResetSwitch
LED
Sensors
duty cycle1-Wire bus
1.6V 3.3V 5V
comparator
SPIMcBSP
HostPort
DSPTMS320VC5416
Weather sensors
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 5
iBadge components
ATMEGA 103L- 128kB Flash, 4kB SRAM, 4kB EEPROM- 4MHz Clock, 32kHz timer- QFP package
DSP TMS320VC5416- 64kB DA RAM, 64kB SA RAM, Harvard- 8MHz ext. clock, up to 160MHz internal clock (PLL)- flexBGA package
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 6
Data exchange
• DSP Host-Port AVR address / data bus
• 8Bit• Hardware interrupt driven• Host-Port enables AVR to access
entire memory space of DSP
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 7
Sensor specs
• Temperature- 16Hz Fs, -55 to +125oC, 0.25 K/LSB
• Battery current monitoring*- 16Hz, various resolutions: 0.626 – 2.44 mA/LSB
• Accelerometer**- 10Hz Fs, +/- 2g, duty cycle
• Microphone- 16kHz Fs, 16Bit/sample (Codec), 20kHz BW
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 8
Sensor specs (cont’d)
• Position tracking (ultrasound, RFM)- 10Hz, 10cm resolution
• Weather sensors (humidity, pressure, light)**- 400Hz, analog
• Magnetic field*- 15Hz, +/- 6gauss, analog
* On board calibration / ** external calibration
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 9
Sensor specs (cont’d)
Type of Sensors Sensor part # Utility Format Data type Proposed ThroughputAccelerometer ADXL202E Tilt respect to ground X.xx g int16 1 secMagnetic Sensor HMC1023 Orientation respect to earth magn. field X.xxx gauss int16 1 secHumidity Sensor HIH-3610-003 Ambient humidity XX% uint8 10 sec
Temp. Sensor DS2438 Ambient temperature XX.x oC int16 10 secPressure Sensor XFAM115KPA Barometric pressure XXXX hPA uint16 10 secLight Sensor CL9P4L Ambient light intensity XX% uint8 2 secMicrophone WM-61A Ambient sounds/speech 8 bit uint8 64kBit/sPosition Sensor US / RFM Position detecton via RFM via RFM 1 secBattery Power DS2438 Remaining battery power XXX.x mAh uint16 10 sec
Loudspeaker HPS16A Sound/Speech generation 8 bit uint8 64kBit/s
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 10
interface
• Fc = 2.400 – 2.483 GHz• GFSK, BT = 0.5• Nominal output power = 0 dBm (1mW)• Frequency hopping with 79 channels• Approx 1Mb/s, TDMA, time slot=625 s• Distance: 10..30m (1mW)
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 11
Bluetooth (cont’d)
• 1 Master, 7 Slaves• Asymmetric mode w/ 723.2kb/s
downlink, 57.6kb/s uplink (ACL)• Symmetric mode with 433.9 kb/s
(SCO)• 3 simultaneous synchronous voice
channels with 64kb/s
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 12
Bluetooth (cont’d)
• EricssonROK 101 007
• ARM7-Thumb• Programmable• UART used
(460kB/s)• RFCOMM
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 13
Interfacing iBadge
• Connector board- RS232 connection between PC, AVR, BT- JTAG interface toDSP debugging- free RS232 from/to AVR (i.e. for a terminal)
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 14
Connector board (35x80mm)
TopBottom
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 15
Interfacing with RS232
• 3 connections (RS232):- BT AVR- BT PC- PC AVR
Data/Address
Bus
RS232 Microcontroller
AVRATMEGA103L
BluetoothEricsson
ROK101007
PC Interface
SPIMcBSP
HostPort
DSPTMS320VC5416
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 16
Connection
PC AVR- Download of AVR-SW and DSP-SW into Flash / EEPROM of AVR- Download-SW / cable provided by Atmel- File format: Intel HEX-File
- AVR-SW runs on TinyOS- AVR boots up DSP over Host-Interface
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 17
Connection (cont’d)
• BT PC- configuring/programming of BT interface- download of a separate program running on the BT module- sending data from PC over BT
• BT AVR- normal running mode of iBadge- future: programming of AVR / DSP
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 18
SW Development Scenario
• AVR-SW development on Atmel Compiler,testing / debugging over RS232
• DSP-SW development with TI Code Composer Studio,testing / debugging over JTAG interface
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 19
Scenario (cont’d)
Stand-alone version:- DSP-SW must be included in AVR-SW (as binary array, *.abs)- AVR-SW (including DSP-SW) download over RS232 interface / storing in Flash on AVR- Boot up: AVR-SW starts / keeps DSP in reset- DSP-SW download over host interface (8 Bit) - DSP releasing from reset and DSP-SW starts
Data/Address
Bus
RS232 Microcontroller
AVRATMEGA103L
BluetoothEricsson
ROK101007
PC Interface
SPIMcBSP
HostPort
DSPTMS320VC5416
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 20
Energy monitoring
• 4 Battery monitors:- Entire circuit - All sensors- DSP - Bluetooth
• On/off-switching of partial circuits:- All sensors - Only weather
sensors- DSP - Bluetooth
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 21
Tree structure
DC-DC Converter
Switch SW1
Switch SW2
Switch SW3
DSP_L3
33nH
RFM_L5
33nH
ATMEGA_L2
33nH
Battery Monitor Battery Monitor
Battery Monitor
Battery Monitor
DSP_L2
33nH
RFM_L4
33nH
ATMEGA_L1
33nH
4V
3.3VBAT_VCC COM_VCC
BAT_GND COM_GND
DSP_VCC
SEN_VCC
BT_VCC
AVR_VCC
AVR_DVCC
AVR_AVCC
BT_DVCC
SEN_DVCC
SEN_AVCC
DSP_AVCC
DSP_DVCC
DSP_GND DSP_AGND
DSP_DGND
BT_DGND
SEN_DGND
SEN_AGNDSEN_GND
BT_GND
AVR_GND
AVR_DGND
AVR_AGND
DC-DC ConverterDSP_CORE_DVCC1.5V
Switch SW4WSEN_AVCC
Switching / battery monitors are controlled by AVR
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 22
Battery
• Li-Ion• Voltage: 3.6V• Capacity: 700mAh (= 9kJ)
• Approx. battery life, when everything is on all the time: 3.5h
• estimated battery life for normal operation: 5.4h
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 23
Motivation for Energy Monitoring
• Find optimal scheme what most energy efficient is, i.e.:- Codec:
speech compression/feature extraction vs transmitted data
computational power consumption
vs radio (BT) power consumption
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 24
Motivation (cont’d)
• Run entire or parts of iBadge in a mode, which is most energy efficient.=> duty cycle (Sung Park)
tT
T
t
Power upPower down
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 25
Speech processing
• Implementation of different Codecs G.722 (G.729, proprietary)
• Front-end processing of speech on iBadge
• Seamless switching between them
Energy efficiency / data rate / recognition rate
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 26
Codec G.722
• Output data rate: 64kb/s• 7 kHz analog BW
QMF
ADPCM
ADPCM
MUX
16kHz16Bit
~7kHz BW
8kHz16Bit
8kHz16Bit
48kbit/s6Bit
16kbit/s2Bit
lower sub-band
higher sub-band
64kbit/s
Encoder
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 27
PCB (62.5 x 47mm)
Top Bottom
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 28
PCB (cont’d)
• PCB size: 62.5 x 47mm (same width as battery)
• 4 signal layers / 6 power planes with separate analog plane
• 0.006” tracks / 0.004” clearance• Additional small board (7mm),
perp. for acceleration sensor(z-axis)
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/ 29
Enclosure
Prototype
Finally: a customized enclosure
• Pocket clip