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http://www.columbia.edu/~asb70/S&SWeb2/PoliticalEconomicIssues.html
January 28, 2003
www.collegeprofiles.com/ seattle-pacific.html
http://www.larrystackle.com/fly.html
http://www.windmillworld.com/windmills/groups.htm
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
www.cocoavillage.com/ history/ www.puffingbilly.com.au/ fan/fleet/locos.htm
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
www.iihr.uiowa.edu/.../Romania/ Romania-page2.htm
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
E=mc2
Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin
James Maxwell Albert Einstein
www.c-a-b.org.uk/projects/ tech1.jpg
www.hd.org/.../ oil-rig-in-the-North-Sea-1-BG.jpg
www.aerialexposures.com/
www.power-technology.com/.../ hadong/hadong2.html
www.tekser.biz/ display.php?language=english&s...
www.dodson-hydro.com/ hec5/brokenbow.jpg www.greece.k12.ny.us/ath/ library/teachers/sogard/
www.canwea.ca/ http://www.agores.org/SECTORS/BIO/TBF/SELECT/DEMO/OTHERS/
default.htm
www.hot-house.co.uk/ renewables.htm
COAL OIL
FUEL CELL
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
HEAT
ELECTRICITY
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
HEAT
ELECTRICITY
REFORMER
FOSSIL FUELS
FUEL CELL
AN
OD
E
CA
TH
OD
E
ELE
CTR
OLY
TE
CU
RR
EN
T (
A)
TIME (SEC)
FUEL CELL
www.soaresantiques.com/images/ lunchboxes/838a.jpg
AN
OD
E
CA
TH
OD
E
ELE
CTR
OLY
TE
•One of the oldest designs
•70% efficient
•Used in Space
•Catalyst is a non-precious metal
•Operates at 75-150°F
•The most developed
•40% efficient
•Platinum catalyst
•Operates at 400°F
•Unsuitable for cars
•Best suited to power towns
•50-60% efficient
•Catalyst is a non-precious metal
•Operates at 1830°F
•Produces steam
•Best suited for cars and buses
•60% efficient
•Catalyst is a non-precious metal
•Operates at 1120°F
•Capable of internal reforming
•CH3OH and steam supplied
•No need for a reformer
•Methanol is a liquid
•Operates at 180°F
•3-4 years behind the others
•Operate at low temperatures
•Have a platinum catalyst
•Can handle changing power demands
•Good candidate for automobiles
•Starts quickly
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
CA
TA
LYST
CA
TA
LYST
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
PO
LYM
ER
ELE
CTR
OLY
TE
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
PO
LYM
ER
ELE
CTR
OLY
TE
CA
TA
LYST
CA
TA
LYST
CA
TA
LYST
CA
TA
LYST
PO
LYM
ER
ELE
CTR
OLY
TE
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
DIFFU
SIO
N LA
YER
H H O O
H H O O
H H O O
H+
H+ O
O-
-
H+
H+ O
O-
-H2O
O
H2O
Specifications• Output: 1000 watts, 48 VDC
• Start Up: – 50% Power < 5 min @ 25C
– 100% Power < 18 min @ 25C
• Fuel Supply: Industrial grade H2
• Supply Pressure: 25 - 100 psi,
• Size: 17.25”w x 20.5”h x 25.12”d
• Weight: 147 lbs.
• Operating Modes: – Battery Charger
– Direct Power Supply