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Russian National Russian National AnthemAnthem

Play as students Play as students come in come in

History of RussiaHistory of RussiaRussian Revolution – Modern RussiaRussian Revolution – Modern Russia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpzLuEpBr_8&feature=related

Pre-Revolutionary RussiaPre-Revolutionary Russia Only true autocracy Only true autocracy

left in Europeleft in Europe No type of No type of

representative representative political institutionspolitical institutions

Nicholas II became Nicholas II became tsar in 1884tsar in 1884

Believed he was the Believed he was the absolute ruler absolute ruler anointed by Godanointed by God

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War (1904) – defeat led (1904) – defeat led to political to political instabilityinstability

The Revolution of 1905The Revolution of 1905 Rapid growth of Rapid growth of

(discontented) (discontented) working classworking class

Workers Workers concentrated in St. concentrated in St. Petersburg and Petersburg and MoscowMoscow

Little help from the Little help from the countryside: countryside:

- No individual land - No individual land

ownershipownership– Rural FamineRural Famine

World War I: “The Last Straw”World War I: “The Last Straw” War revealed War revealed

the ineptitude the ineptitude and arrogance and arrogance of the of the country’s country’s aristocratic aristocratic eliteelite

Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir LeninLenin

His Early YearsHis Early Years

--Exiled to Siberia in --Exiled to Siberia in 18971897

Committed to Class Committed to Class Struggle and RevolutionStruggle and Revolution

Moved to London in 1902 Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon and befriended Leon TrotskyTrotsky

Lenin Steps into This VacuumLenin Steps into This Vacuum Amnesty granted to all Amnesty granted to all

political prisoners in political prisoners in March of 1917March of 1917

A tremendously A tremendously charismatic personalitycharismatic personality

““Peace, Land, Bread”Peace, Land, Bread” ““All Power to the All Power to the

Soviets”Soviets” He preached that the He preached that the

war was a war was a capitalist/imperialist war capitalist/imperialist war

Bolshevik party Bolshevik party membership exploded; membership exploded; their power was their power was consolidatedconsolidated

The November The November RevolutionRevolution

Nov. 6, 1917…Nov. 6, 1917… Lenin went on to Lenin went on to

consolidate his consolidate his power in Jan. 1918 power in Jan. 1918 when he when he disbanded the disbanded the Constituent Constituent AssemblyAssembly

All private All private property was property was abolished and abolished and divided among the divided among the peasantrypeasantry

Largest industrial Largest industrial enterprises enterprises nationalizednationalized

November Revolution (cont)November Revolution (cont) Lenin’s 1st task was to Lenin’s 1st task was to

get Russia out of the get Russia out of the war so he could war so he could concentrate on concentrate on internal reform…internal reform…

The The Treaty of Brest-Treaty of Brest-LitovskLitovsk negotiated negotiated with the Germans, with the Germans, giving them much giving them much Russian territory, Russian territory, population, and population, and resourcesresources

Complete breakdown Complete breakdown of Russian economy of Russian economy and societyand society

Five Year PlansFive Year Plans

WWIIWWII

• German and Russia German and Russia sign Nonaggression sign Nonaggression Pact 1939Pact 1939

•Hitler begins invasion Hitler begins invasion on the same day on the same day Napoleon did June 22, Napoleon did June 22, 19411941

• Russians unprepared Russians unprepared for warfor war

•The Russians retreat The Russians retreat to Moscow Leningrad to Moscow Leningrad and Stalingradand Stalingrad

Stalingrad Stalingrad Turning PointTurning Point

Axis suffered from Axis suffered from 500,000-850,000 500,000-850,000 casualties (killed, casualties (killed, wounded, wounded, captured)captured)

Red Army Red Army suffered a total suffered a total of 1,129,619 of 1,129,619 total casualtiestotal casualties

25,000 to 25,000 to 40,000 40,000 Soviet Soviet civilians diedcivilians died

Meet you in Meet you in Berlin…Berlin…

……Let the Cold Let the Cold War beginWar begin

The Ideological StruggleThe Ideological StruggleSoviet & Soviet &

Eastern Bloc Eastern Bloc NationsNations[“Iron [“Iron

Curtain”]Curtain”]

US & the US & the Western Western

DemocraciesDemocracies

GOALGOAL spread spread world-wide world-wide CommunismCommunism

GOALGOAL “Containment”“Containment” of of Communism & the Communism & the eventual collapse of eventual collapse of the Communist the Communist world.world.[George Kennan][George Kennan]

METHODOLOGIES:METHODOLOGIES:

Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

Arms Race [nuclear escalation]Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

Ideological Competition for the minds and Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars” “proxy wars”

Bi-Polarization of Europe [Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATONATO vs. vs. Warsaw Warsaw PactPact]]

Sputnik I (1957)Sputnik I (1957)

The Russians have beaten America The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the in space—they have the

technological edge!technological edge!

Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)

We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!

Vietnam War: 1965-1973Vietnam War: 1965-1973

Soviet ReformSoviet Reform

Glasnost- Glasnost- transparency in the transparency in the activities of all activities of all government government institutionsinstitutions

Perestroika- Perestroika- restructuring of the restructuring of the Soviet economy and Soviet economy and bureaucracybureaucracy

Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev

Collapse of the Collapse of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

ESPNESPNEconomicEconomic Stagnation occurred Stagnation occurredSocialSocial competition with the West- They wanted equality with competition with the West- They wanted equality with USAUSAPolitical Political Gorbachev's attempted to reform gradually and only Gorbachev's attempted to reform gradually and only partiallypartiallyNature Nature people wanted environmental changespeople wanted environmental changes

US InfluenceUS InfluenceThe United States of America manipulated the USSR economic The United States of America manipulated the USSR economic system through sabotage and other negative activities system through sabotage and other negative activities towards the state and its economy, creating cracks which towards the state and its economy, creating cracks which resulted into USSR breaking apart. resulted into USSR breaking apart.

Loss of Satellite Economies Loss of Satellite Economies The central government was then increasingly pressured by The central government was then increasingly pressured by nationalist movements in the Ukraine, Caucasus, Georgia and nationalist movements in the Ukraine, Caucasus, Georgia and outlying Asian states.outlying Asian states.

Who lead the Russian Revolution?Who lead the Russian Revolution?

Why was Russia unprepared for WWII?Why was Russia unprepared for WWII?

What happened to Berlin after the war?What happened to Berlin after the war?

Who was Russia’s great reformer?Who was Russia’s great reformer?

Questions?Questions?