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HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD
楚国种 天下用
!
A life cycle of Cotton • The life cycle of Cotton contains seed germination and sprouting f
rom the first, roots and stems and leaves growth, and branches e
merging and elongating , Based on the grawth of vegetative orge
ms,reproductive orgems formation and deuelopment ,such as flo
wer bud differentiation, budding, flowering, boll enlarging, and bol
l opening and cotton seeds mature.
• According to organs forming sequence and development process,c
otton growing periods can be divided as five stages:seed sprouting,
seedling, bud, flowering and boll forming and boll opening stages.
Sowing seeds and raising seedlings in
nursery pots
sprouting stage
Transplanted seedlings
seedling stage
bud stage
flowering and boll forming stage
Boll opening stage
(Mature period)
hybrid cotton seed production
hybrid cotton seed production: In simple term , hybrid cotton seed production indicates that before th
e flowers of female parent bloom, remove their stamens and corolla and th
en pollinate their stigmas with male parent’s pollens, finally the female par
ent bolls produce hybrid F1 seeds.
Mother line
♀
Father line ♂
Simple diagram of hybrid cotton seed production
Early management and operation procedures in hybrid cotton seed production
Seedbed management and roguing
Transplanting
Seedling stage management
Bud stage management
Flowering and boll forming stage management
Cotton harvest and cotton ginning
Natural conditions
Field selection
Preparation of nutrient soil
Parents seed selection and treatment
Sowing
Field preparation
8
10
12
11
1
4
3
2
7
6
5
9
•An important part of blossoming and boll forming stage
——artificial pollination
1.Natural conditions
Tilling soil layer
Subsoil layer
Zinc Boron Sulphur Manganese Molybdenum
PH valueOrganic mater
Total N
Active P
Active K
1.Natural conditions
• Water requirements: it need rainfall 450-600mm during growing period;
• Light requirements:
Compensation point :1000-2000lux; Saturation point :70000-80000 lux.
• Temperature requirements : 14 -35 , ℃ ℃
the optimum 25 -30 .℃ ℃
2 、 Field selection
Fertile soil, flat, no shadow, located leeward;
contiguous vast plot, convenient irrigation and
drainage, disease-free
The requirements of fields :
3. preparation of nutrient soil
• Prepare 6.5-7MT nutrient
soil for one hectare
seedbed, mix with 30kg
compound fertilizer, and
then water the soil 15
days ahead seed sowing.
Compound
fertilizer
4. Parent seeds selection and treatment
• Select plump, vigorous and
intact seeds
• One day before sowing: soak the seed
s with water solution of 150mg/kg DPC
and 70% imidacloprid 500mg/kg for 8 h
ours. One kg water solution can soak 2
kg seeds.
Soak seeds
5. Sowing
Include :
• Preparation of Nutritionp
ot;
• Filling nutrient soil in nut
ritionpots and watering a
dvance;
• Dibble seeding;
• Earthing the seeds with
nutrient soil; covering th
e seedbed with polythen
e membrane
5. Sowing
5.1 Nutritionpots
Prepare 33000 plastic cups per hectare that each cup has a small hole at the bottom
(Making nutrition bowls for nursery)(plastic cup for nursery)
5. Sowing
5.2. Filling soil and watering
filled with soil water the soil one day before sowing
5. Sowing5.3. Dibble seeding
a. Make a hole in the central of bowl (if the bowl is a plastic cup)
b. Put a seed (bigger side upwards) in the hole
Keep water holding capacity of the soil at about 80% Before sowing
Sowing male parent seeds 3-5 days earlier than female parent
5. Sowing
After sowing, cover the seeds with a
layer of 1.5cm depth fine soil, press
the soil slightly, then cover with plas
tic membrane to keep proper moistu
re. If the temperature is too high, su
nshading nets is needed.
5.4 Earthing the seeds and
covering embrane
6. Field preparation
6.1 Furrow and ridge
a. Deeply plough the land and harrow the
soil;
b. Dig ditches every 190cm and make ridges
for cotton seedling transplanting;
c. make 2 trenches on each ridge for fertilizer
applying.
Space 190cmditches
6. Field Preparation
6.2 Field fertilization
Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting: organic
fertilizer 40-60 cubic meters, or cake fertilizer 750kg,
urea 300kg, 12% Phosphate 900kg, 60% potash 225kg,
zinc 15kg, manganese fertilizer 15kg, Granubor
(boron) 4.5kg. (per hectare )
trench
6. Field Preparation
6.3 Chemical weeding
a.We can spray 48% Trifluralin 1500-1875g/hm2 on the surface of soil before transplanting ;
use in early time
Trifluralin
7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type 7.1 Seedbed management
The main work is spraying chemicals to prevent diseases and pests
Carbendazol,Furandan,Tachigaren
7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type
7.2 Roguing off-type
b. When the seedlings are
at 1.5 leaves stage,
spraying kanamycin
solution 8000mg/kg for
roguing off-type (the
plants will become
yellowish and die after 5
days)
a. Female parents : identify and remove the off-type plants by the appearanc
e of shape (such as hair and color of stem) during seedling and bud stages
kanamycin
Off-type plants
8. TransplantingApplying compound fertilizer 225kg/ha before
transplanting. Start transplanting from 2.5 leaves
stage.Timely watering
after transplanting
8. TransplantingRow spacing &plant spacing of female plants (F) and male plants (M)
Transplant Male plants 3-5 days
earlier than female parent with
the row and plant spacing 70cm:
45cm, and female plants spacing
is 95cm: 45cm. Area ratio of Male
and female parents is 1:7-8.
Check and fill the vacant place in
time after transplanting.
F
row to row space
Plant to plant space M
Plant to plant space
row to row space
9. Seedling stage management
9.1 Fertilization and watering
• Apply less quantity fertilizer
for 1-2 times after the
seedlings recovered: spot
applying solution of urea
apart 10-13cm from the
seedlings, per acre land
need urea 24 to 30 kg.
Repeat once if necessary.
9. Seedling stage management
9.2 Disease and pest control
• Mainly prevent aphids, thrips and other pe
sts in the seeding stage
aphids
thrips
10. Bud stage management 10.1 Bud stage Fertilization
When bud appears in cotton plant,
apply decomposed cake fertilizer
240-300kg, potash 60 kg and
compound fertilizer 150 kg.
Caution: do not use quick-acting
nitrogen such as urea from the
budding stage till to early flowering.
After fertilization, taking soil to make ridge at the base of seedlings to prevent plant lodging and waterlogging.
10.2 Ridging and molding
10. Bud stage management
10.3 Pruning in time
Remove vegetative shoots,
redundant branches and buds at
the bottom to create a fruitful
frame. If seedlings density is
low, remain 1-2 vegetative
shoots to cover vacant space.
Apply DPC 30g/hm2 to prevent buds shattering and over-flourishing of the seedlings after budding according to the weather and seedling conditions
DPC
10.4 Chemical control
10. Bud stage management
Cotton is a kind of often cross-polli
nated crop, parental mutations usu
ally occurs. During bud stage, off-ty
pe features are visible, roguing wor
k should be done in time according
to plant type, leaf shape, boll-shap
e or the number of stem villi, ability
of insect and disease resistance etc.
10.5 Roguing
10. Bud stage management
10.6 Pests control
Control of aphids, cotton bollworm, bli
nd stinkbug, corn borer and other harmful
pests in the bud stage
Aphid Cotton bugs
Corn borer
Cotton bollworm
Aphids
11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage
11.1 Topdressing in flower-boll stage
a. Ploughing near cotton plants and applying fertilizer after the first boll form (boll diameter 2cm ). Apply urea 225kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 600kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 225kg/hm2, Granubor (boron) 1-2 bags b. Apply urea 150kg/hm2 after 15-20 days of previous topdressing according seedling condition; c. Later period topdressing is spraying water solution of urea and KH2PO4, once a week.
11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage
11.2 Proper chemical regulation
●According to the weather and seedling condition, use regulator 2-3 times f
rom initial flowering to topping stage. 5-7 days after topping, apply 25% DP
C 20-25ml/hm2 for capping (final regulation).
● Remove the tops of
plants and tips of down
side branches to elimin
ate the top superiority
when fruit branches re
ach 20-21 per plant or i
n the mid-October
11.3 Remove tops
11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage
11.4 Diseases and pests control
Mainly prevent cotton bollworm: biological control and ecological chemical is
the main treatment in earlier stages; organophosphorus insecticide and
chrysanthemate pesticide are the main chemicals during later stages, spraying
such pesticides every 5-7days, joined by manual seizing of aged larvae.
bollworm
Ecological pesticide
Organophosphoru
s insecticide
11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage
• An important part of flowering and boll forming stage ——artificial pollination
●What is artificial pollination?
● how to do it?
Artificial pollination
• Pollination time
• Preparation before Pollination
• Ways and means of emasculation
and pollination
• Pollination notice
• Inspection personnel requirements
Artificial pollination1. Preparation before Pollination
Color
thread
sieve
Pollination bottle
Cloth
bag
forceps
a. 50-60 employees needed per
hectare land. Reserve fingernail
s 10days ahead
b. Preparation for pollination work
c. Before the date of pollination, r
emove vegetative branches and
new redundant branches and s
hoots of female plants; Check a
nd ensure removing all the exis
ting cotton bolls and flowers in
the morning of emasculation.
d. The due pollination time is tent
atively scheduled around in Se
ptember 1st
Artificial pollination
2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination
b. Object of emasculation : corolla of rapid elongation of the female parent
a. Time of emasculation : every 1:00 pm to next 5:00 am
Bloomed female bud is forbidden for emasculation.
Artificial pollination
c. Emasculation : insert forceps or thumbnail into a crown base, remove the corolla and anther around the ovary.
No anther left, no injury to the bract, ovary and stigma. All removed anthers taken out of the field
2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination
Artificial pollination
a. Pollen collection requirements: collect anthers together with the corolla from male plants’ flowers
4.Pollen collection
male
Sieve the pollen out and collect them into vials for pollination
Artificial pollination4.Pollen collection
b. Issues for pollen preservation
If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance, and store
them in refrigerator at 10-15 . ℃
Weather forecast Fetch male bud Cold store
Artificial pollination
4. pollination
Every sunny day, start
pollination after dew
dried, about 9:00 am
During rainy season, one end closed tube should be used to protect the post-emasculated stigma and to prevent subsequent pollination failing from rain soaking 。
The next day, remove the bloomed buds and take out of the field before emasculation.
5. Pollination notice
Artificial pollination
( NOTE: The pollens would lose activity if the pollens of male parent blooming flowers were soaked by rain, or pollinated pollens on stigma met rainwater within 2 hours.
Therefore, we should pay attention to the weather: If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance (the night or next early morning), and store them in refrigerator at 10-15 . ℃
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
Pollinate after the drew on the stigma dried
Artificial pollination
●Remove all non-emasculated flowers and self-pollinated bolls on the female plants in time, including those resulted by
consecutive rainy days
●Cut off new branches after
the pollination period
5. Pollination notice
Suffered by high temperature and dry weather, the pollen number of
male flowers will be lessened, spraying water or irrigating in time could
reduce temperature and increase the pollens.
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
Artificial pollination6. The duty of the inspection staff
5:00-7:00 AM check emasculating condition of the previous day, examine by monitoring points.
7:00-9:00AM check and clear white and red flowers and the quality of previous pollination, Remove red and white flowers in time before pollination to prevent self-crossed bolls.
Clearance standard: no white and red flowers exist in seed production fields before hand-pollination
First, check whether the pollination is sufficient and uniform. (Observe the pollen on the stigma)
Artificial pollination
Second, check whether buds kept un-pollinated.
Check the quality of pollination
6. The duty of the inspection staff
19 、检验人员工作要求
Afternoon (15:30-18:30): Check the quality of emasculating and situation of removing self-crossed boll.
Artificial pollination
人工授粉棉桃
自交成桃
6. The duty of the inspection staff
Female
Emasculation
Hand-pollinated
boll
Self-pollinated
boll
Bract
Hand-pollinated
Boll
Self-pollinated
Boll
First, whether the emasculation of the buds is perfect. Anther can not be
left. The removed corolla and stamens should be taken out of the field
and destroyed.
Second, whether the emasculation of the fields is thoroughly.
Emasculate all the buds which will bloom on the next day.
Check the quality of emasculation :
Artificial pollination6. The duty of the inspection staff
● Inspection staff must urge the workers to remove the self-pollinated bolls
all the time, and check before and after the work. 3-5 days after the pollinati
on and removing, inspection staff check and accept it. Rate of self-pollinate
d bolls (include flowers and buds) in the seed field must be less than 0.1%.
Artificial pollination
≤ 0.1%
6. The duty of the inspection staff
23 、授粉结束
The pollination would be probably end on November 1st.
Remove male plants after completing the whole pollination work; cut away the tops of female branches and spray water solution of DPC 80-120g per hectare. Clear the later flowers and buds continuously for 10days.
12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning
a.Harvest cotton every 7 days after cotton boll opened.
b.Sundry the cotton, remove out rotten and rigid pieces. Amass ginning after cotton dry.
12.1Cotton harvest
晒 花
Harves
t P
icking
Ginning machine of more than 40 sheets of saw tooth ? are used
for cotton ginning. Ensure the seed broken rate is less than 2%,
percentage of healthy seeds is above 85% and germination is above
72%
12.2 Examination of cotton ginning
12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning