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Hui Tung Shun Vincent 1009620663 Tsoi Yuen Yi(Margaret) 1009630683 Chan Ka Chun(Michael)1009615593 Chow Wing Yan(zoe) 1009636733

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(western) medicine (western) medicine the art / science of restoring/ preserving health / due physical condition, as by means of drugs, surgical operations or appliances, or manipulations the art / science of restoring/ preserving health / due physical condition, as by means of drugs, surgical operations or appliances, or manipulations often divided into medicine, surgery and obstetrics a scientific system which is composed of Yin-Yang and Wu- Xing theories, ways to study symptoms and their regular patterns of variation for prevention and cure of diseases a scientific system which is composed of Yin-Yang and Wu- Xing theories, ways to study symptoms and their regular patterns of variation for prevention and cure of diseases Traditional Chinese medicine Definition

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Research Objective factors that affect CUHK undergraduate students choosing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western medicine Choice between TCM & WM Patient factor Diseases patient suffer Cost of medicine

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1. Patient factor Hypothesis 1: Patients choice of treatment is highly related with their past experience. Past experience as information is one of the major criteria when considering alternatives. A high degree of loyalty in seeing doctor. Unless the doctorpatient relationship breaks down, people seek the same doctor. Qualitative measurement will be used to evaluate whether the past treatment experience is positive or not.

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1. Patient factor Hypothesis 2: Patients choice of treatment is affected by social influence. finding out the relationship between cultural background of patients and their choice of medication. CUHK is a good place for research: both TCM and WM are available in campus focus on cultural behaviour of patients, their family and friends.

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2. Disease patient suffer Hypothesis 3: Patients decisions on whether to consult TCM practitioners depends on the types of illness suffered. Self-reported illnesses, namely cough, cold and/or influenza, digestive disorders, fall-related injuries and skin disease were significantly associated with choice of doctor type. Lau, J.T., & Yu, A. (2000)

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Research Method 143 completed questionnaire posted online Respondents: CUHK undergraduate students Male: 49 Female: 95

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Hypothesis 1: Patients choice of treatment is highly related with their past experience. Important factors of a positive past experience: Quality of care (Report of the National Patient Choice Survey May/June 2006) communication skills and sensitivity of doctors patient involvement the provision of information and explanations (Little P, Everitt H,Williamson I, et al. Preferences of patients for patient centred approach to consultation in primary care: observational study. BMJ 2001;322:46872)

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Hypothesis 1

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Conclusion of hypothesis 1 Positive past experience does not increase frequency of consultation of medicine For Western Medicine: Most patients tend to sometimes consult WM For Chinese Medicine: Most patients seldom consult CM Past experience (performance of doctor) does not affect frequency of consultation.

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Hypothesis 2: Patients choice of treatment is affected by social influence. recommendations from family and friends also rated highly for people to choose doctor (Salisbury CJ. How do people choose their doctor? BMJ 1989;299:60810)

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Hypothesis 2 1. Is any of your relatives/friends,including you, a CMP? Percentage Frequency of consulting CMP(s)

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Hypothesis 2 1. Is any of your relatives/friends,including you, a CMP? Percentage Frequency of consulting WMD(s)

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Hypothesis 2 2. Is any of your relatives/friends,including you, that a WMD? Percentage Frequency of consulting WMD(s)

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Hypothesis 2 3. Is any of your relatives/friends, including you, that a WMD? Frequency of consulting CMP(s) when one/some relatives/friends, including you is/are WMP(s) Percentage Frequency of consulting CMP(s)

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Hypothesis 2 1&2. Is any of your relatives/friends,including you, a CMP ? WMD? Percentage Frequency of consultation

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Hypothesis 2 3. What is the whole impression of your relatives/friends after visiting WMDs ? Percentage Frequency of consulting WMP

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Hypothesis 2 4. What is the whole impression of your relatives/friends after visiting CMPs ? Percentage Frequency of consulting CMP

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Conclusion of hypothesis 2 Social influence is highly related to the choice of medication

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Hypothesis 3: Patients decisions on choosing which type of medical practitioners depends on the types of illness suffered. Self-reported illnesses, namely cough, cold and/or influenza, digestive disorders, fall-related injuries and skin disease were significantly associated with choice of doctor type. (Lau, J.T., & Yu, A. (2000) The Choice Between Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Practitioners by Hong Kong Adolescents. The American Journal Of Chinese Medicine, 28, Issue 1, 131-139.)

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Hypothesis 3 Western medicine is more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Western medicine is more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Chinese medicine is more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Western medicine is more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Western medicine is slightly more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Western medicine is more preferable

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Hypothesis 3 Chinese medicine is more preferable

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Conclusion of hypothesis 3 The type of illness affects the choice of medication Bone fracture Keep healthy TCM Cancer Digestive disorder Male/gynecological disease Western Medicine

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Other interesting findings 1. range of acceptable fee of WM & CM $200-300 But still more people consult WM So cost is not a main concern

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Most People claim they never use CM self-medication More pe0ple always opt for sleep and self-medication WM

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Limitation sample size too small valid 5% (11300 undergradute * 5% = 565) Did not set question properly

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Misconception Regarding TCM Lack of direct causal relationship Treatments may not be able to be explained by current stage of science Complicated components of herbal medicine are difficult to measure Not Scientific

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Misconception Regarding TCM WM is micro-based while TCM is macro-based Acupuncture can be explained by current scientific model Only a few components in western drugs, which is easily controllable, while herbal medicine are too complicated to be explained by simple causal relationship. Not Scientific

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Misconception Regarding TCM TCM is usually being considered at the last resort Less Effective Slow treatment regarding emergency Slow Treatment Chinese Medication only includes herbal medicine TCM Equals Herbal Medicine

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Misconception Regarding TCM Early TCM treatment can be as effective as WM Less Effective Macro-based treatment improves overall health situation Prompt recovery in some emergency situation Slow Treatment TCM includes acupuncture, cupping, massage, medicated bath, Gua Sha, etc CM Equals Herbal Medicine

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Misconception Regarding TCM

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Common types of Chinese Medicine Abuse

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Public and Private Healthcare Services

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Governemnt policy: Chinese Medicine Ordinance (1999) The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong: responsible for implementing regulatory measures for Chinese medicine practitioners and Chinese medicines. includes licensing and regulation of Chinese medicines traders and registration of proprietary Chinese medicines e.g. only 15 Hospital Authority CM Centre all over HK, more than 70 WM centre funding to support research

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