human act.ppt

7/24/2019 human act.ppt

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HUMAN ACTSHUMAN ACTS1


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HUMAN ACTS AND ACTS OF MAN

Human Acts - actions which man performs knowingly

(knowing what youre doing), freely (you chose to do it)

and voluntarily (no one forced you to do it).

- actions are the result of conscious knowledge and

subect to the control of the will.

Acts of !an - actions which happen in a man instinctively

and are not within the control of the will.

- actions are biological and physiological such asmetabolism, respiration, fear, anger, love and ealousy.

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ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES "t must be performed by a conscious agent who is aware of what he is doing and of its conse#uences. $hildren below the

age of reason, the insane, the senile % are considered incapable of acting knowingly.

"t must be performed by an agent who is acting freely, that is, by his own violation and powers. An action done under

duress and against ones will is not entirely a free action.

"t must be performed by an agent who decides willfully to performed the act. &his willfulness is the resolve to perform an

act here and now, or in some future time.

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KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS

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MORAL

DISTINCTIONS

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'trinsic 'vil % actions that may be toleratedprovided the circumstance rendering it

to be wrong.

"ntrinsic 'vil % actions that remain immoral

whatever is its ustification.

"mputability of Human Acts % means that the person

performing the act is liable for such act.

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'trinsic and "ntrinsic 'vil

"mputability of Human Acts


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VOLUNTARINESS

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erfect *oluntariness % is present in a person who

fully knows and fully intends an act.

"mperfect *oluntariness % is present in a person

who acts without fully reali+ing what he means to

do, or without fully intending the act.

$onditional *oluntariness % is present in a person

who is forced by circumstances beyond his control

to perform an act which he would not do undernormal circumstances.

imple *oluntariness % is present doing an act

willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or

not.


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TYPES OF VOLUNTARINESS

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INDIRECTLY VOLUNTARY

&he doer is able to foresee

the evil result or effect, at

least in a general way

&he doer is free to refrain

from doing that which would

produce the foreseen evil

&he doer has moral

obligation not to do that

which produces an evil

effect.

A person is held morally

responsible for any evil

effect which flows from the

action itself directly andnecessarily as a natural

conse#uence, though the

evil effect is not directly

willed or intended

A human act from which twoeffects may result, one good

and one evil, is morally

permissible under four

conditions.

By Pa! "!#$$ % By A!&'#() Pa$*+) %

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FOUR

COND

ITIONSA

RE

%

&he action which produces double

effects must be good in itself, or atleast morally indifferent.

&he good effect must not come from

he evil effect. &o do evil in order to

achieve something good is notustified.

&he motive of the doer must be

towards the attainment of the good.

&he evil effect is permitted only as anincidental result.

&he good effect must outweigh the

evil result in its importance. 1-

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human act.ppt