Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition

Johali HBCN2013 CMED 303 Johali CN Based Creative Lecture Note Towards ZD the Islamic HB

DR. Eisa Ali Johali

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA \ MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCTIONKING SAUD UNIVERSITY \ CAMS \ CHSD- CN & HE t

Be Ready and Willing To Move Your Self; Patients & Nation Towards Wellness and Happiness

عيسى بن علي الجوحلي

EISA ALI JOHALI A Lecturer

Author of two published books, the 3rd under publishing, plus 3 projected

PhD Health Sciences By Accrediting Prior Experiences, Hill University Sept. 2011

MA (Ed.) Philosophies and Sciences of Teaching ,Learning and Curriculum in UK & SA Nursing , University of Southampton, UK 1995

Short Fellowship Planning Health Professions Education ,UIC,USA 1991

Bachelor of Applied Medical Sciences; Community Health Sciences, Health Education, KSU 1407\1986

http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/JOHALI/default.aspx \ Johali59@hotmail.com WL Messengers CNHB2013 Group

http://sa.linkedin.com/pub/eisa-johali/31/3a6/896 \ https://twitter.com/TheNature2011 Dr. Eisa Johali

2E Johali

28 August 2012 Johali 3

Learning Introductory As an introductory to this Persuasive probing “Concise Lectures’ Note”, I would like to

send a progressive educational message to my dear “CN Adult Learners”.

My dear learner remember that you are not a primary school pupil, neither an elementary, nor even a secondary school student. You are an adult learner that in order to success in this progressive course and in your life as well, you have to “Think, Participate, Practice & Reflect on and in. You have to attend & react actively and voluntarily at every session.

This is not a traditional lectures’ note that you can just read, store and recall. it is a “Lifelong Learning” Concise, which helps you to think around, back, about, over and up. It is prepared to promote you to search about the most appropriate knowledge, attitude that can assure the quality of your communication with your self, patients, your colleagues, and improve the quality of your profession, and the quality of your patients, family, community & your Nation.

So as to, learn the course well, you have to use "Your All Senses" and "Abilities", as well; You have to attend, see, listen, ask, discuss and participate actively in teaching, learning; and assessing your self, your colleague, your teaching and learning process and materials, your curriculum, and your “Lecturer” as well.

Finally, if you do so, do not worry, you will success in your course

and your life as well.

With this Concise & its T&L Plan and Process

“All the Learners will success; Except the one Who DO NOT Welling to Success”

!! كل طالبي ناجحين إال من آبى

Updated Course Description

Course No. and abbrev: CMEDI 303

Course title: Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition

Credit hours: 1 (1+0)                          Level: 8 Contact hours: 1 

Course prerequisites:  nothing     

Course Description:

In addition to a brief historical and scientific overview regarding the worldwide human behavioral debating compare to Islam,, this course covers a brief introductory to psychology, defining terms, nature, scope, role, scientific concepts, approaches and methods that can help you to plan for healthy human behavior styles to prevent, promote and treat your patients from the most common nutritional disorders at national level.

خطتنا لتعليم وتعلم نافع بأهدافها ومخرجاتها T & L Objectives \ Outcomes & Plan

5

Notes Units/Subjects WًWeeks2 hrs/week

Interactive L:Group Discussion &Dialogues; Case Studies & Role Play

- Understanding Each Others - Present Course Plan; Teaching and Learning Objectives & Outcomes . - Reasoning WHY “Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition (CNHB) ?

1st & 2nd

I L with Questioning + Models Demonstration

- Probing Psycho- Behavioral – Social – Cultural Historical Roots with relation to Clinical Nutritionists\ Dietitians

3rd & 4th

- Defining Terms - Nature and scope of human behavior

5th

RT Exam Model 1 1st EXAM & Plan of the Reflective Assignments - Psychological Approaches to Human Behavior (1)

6th & 7th

- Psychological Approaches to Human Behavior ( 2) 8th

- Islamic Human Behavior the Ideal for ZD CNHB - Health Behavioral Changes – People Reaction -Resistance & Motivation

9th & 10th

RT Exam Model 2 2nd Exam & Final Date for Assignments submitted & Presentation 11th

Assignments deadline Planning g for Positive ( ZD ) Health Behavior - Planning to prevent, promote and cure nutritional disorders such as …

12th & 13th

Revision 14th

FINAL EXAM 15th & 16th

E Johali CMED 303 - HBCN 2013

- Your Smart Class Notes

- This Presentation

Johali, E. A (2013) Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition: CNHB2013 - Johali Islamic CN Based Creative Lecture Note Towards ZD HB .

-

- Basic Psychology for Human Resource Practitioners by S. J. Kruger, E. Smit, W. L. Du P. ://ww2.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html

- http://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/health.htm

- http://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/06/how-to-change-negative-behavior-patterns.html

- http://adultmeducation.com/FacilitatingBehaviorChange.html

- 3 Steps to Yes: The Gentle Art of Getting Your Way by Gene Bedell, Crown Business 2000.

Recommended References & Resources

http://www. Le Roux - 1996- httpislam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230

CMED 303 - HBCN 2013 7

REASONING WHY HBCN – CMED303

You have to study How to Organize science and services? To Be Ready & Welling To Success ?

Think … & Reflect: Let us Start with These Learning Videos :

How to Train to Be a Radiographer ?

(Watch Videos …Write Notes; Discuss in Peer Group & Write Three Reasons)

E Johali

Why HBCN – CMED 303 ?Be Ready & Welling To Success ?

Two Peers Discussion & Group Dialogue

The Place of HB in Your CNJD?

The Place of HB in Your Education ?

• Play a role of CN working in a hospital … How Do You “Act-React-Interact …to others and to Yourself …Ha if One Told You ..You Have to Change Your Behavior ?!

• Do You Accept Any Negative – Bad – Wrong

Behave ? Conclude: Because It Is a Part of My Job Description (CNJB) & To Assure

Quality of CNHB \ Positive Healthy HB

E Johali 8CMED 303 - HBCN 2013

Brief Historical Overview

Lecturer’s Introduction to Human Health Behavior

As first step towards “Readiness & Willingness”, you have to know that course title is “Human Health\Healthy Behavior (HHB) \Personal Behavior NOT Human Behavior (HB) ”:

HB is an open\wide field , it traced to human nature\creation .. This topic has huge debating \disagreement between rational, logical and liberal scientists, and with Muslims and Non Muslims. I have spent two years with philosophers and scientists in bigoted site http://www.researchgate.net; Topics» Philosophy Reflecting in Nature the Great Creation and Creator Eisa Ali Johali Jun 27, 2011, and the same character group in LinkedIn ………

In summary there are three different divergences of “Human Nature and Behavior”:

• The liberal \ Radical Scientists believe in “Nurture النشوء , Revolution ثوريين , Bin Bang …” human s not created. This misleading believe traced back to (Darwin who believe that human revolute\ origin \ come from "Monkey”

• Illiberal Scientists have some rational and logical view that “there is “Nature and Creation” BUT they don’t know who is ‘Great Creator.. God”; Christens believe that Jesus (PBUH) is the Creator.

• While Muslims believe in “Nature and Creation of Great Creator God the Only One God ‘ Allah ‘ “ …….

Let us watch this Videos to see misleading sciences compare to truthful, and to know from where and what is HHB

Human Behavior in Health and social care http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8wk3JwtXMc

Islamyhttp://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest6828-123654-understanding-human-nature-behaviour-education-ppt-powerpoint/ Watch again and Answer: Ref Qs: - The unexamined life is worth living (T\F) If F correct….; Not\ Examined ? (p5)- Behavior is difficult to predict links to the Behavioral Theories (T\F) If F correct ? (p15)- Plus reading the MBTI 16 Personality Types and make self summary model

Nature or Nurture; How Do Genes, Environment and Free Will Affect Human Behavior? Watch again and Answers These Questions: Q1: Nurture means: Q2: Human Behavior Can Be:

- Free Well Behavior Means: - Self determine – Self control – Cognitive Independent (all)Our Behavior shapes, determine and control by (Islam) . . . . .

Compare to western sciences, our behavior is free well ….F (Islamic well)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMC3TPuOOo&playnext=1&list=PL6BB1DC6C8DE74013&feature=results_video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7wc6QfepJE&feature=related

Developmental Psychology: The Newborn

Attract Live Demonstration Lecture in University Class

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SE6zziFxWs&feature=related

&

To Introduction To HB

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlW917n6mpA&feature=relmfu

Brief Historical Development Developments over the past decade in psychology, in medicine, in funding institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, and in industry make clear that the rapidly growing areas of behavioral medicine and behavioral health are presenting psychology and its sister professions with new opportunities for training, research, and practice. Specific developments within psychology leading to the establishment of the American Psychological Association's Division 38 (Health Psychology) are traced. Also traced are activities on the national level that have led to the development of organizations with a more interdisciplinary focus. Despite a modicum of overselling in some quarters, behavioral health and health psychology appear to be ideas whose time has come.

By Matarazzo, Joseph D.American Psychologist, Vol 35(9), Sep 1980, 807-817.

http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/35/9/807/

Reality with Islamic View Concise Histo-Developmental Model Of Psych- Human Behavior

Human Creation “Adam” 1st Human Muslim Verily. We created man of the best stature (mould\manner)

iيم kو lْقnت kن nسlحnَأ فkي nاَن nسlنk lاِإْل نnا lْقnل nخ lد nَق

Best Behavior in all Holy Scriptures\ Civilizations (Noah – Mohammad ‘Islam + Greece’) 600 B.C - Date

www.quranichealing.net www.usc.edu

600 B. C. – 1700 A. C Islamic Medicine – Psychology – Behavior ?!!

Alfred, Adler 1870-1937Social Motive-Feelings Mental Disorders

Solomon 1907-1996Self Perception – Human change even if other wrong

Darwin , Charles 1808 – 1882 Evolution Theory –Human from animal create-behave

Freud, Sigmund 1856 – 1939 Sexuality – Dreams Motive

Hermann Von 1821; Galton, Sir Francis 1822; Hermann E; …….Cont.

Thomas, Y 1773-1829 Early Color Theory

TODADY & FUTURE Healthy HB

Recent Psychological Theories 1900 - 2011

Table 1.1 Brief Historical Development

Focus (dates; first, counseling and behavior)

A Brief Introductory to Psychology\Human Behavior

Johali Concise Psycho-Behave Histo-Development in Table

Discover Human Behaviors & Communication Characters

By Faces & Your Personality Styles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXU6EDR9U0Y&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExfS4-JqBR8&feature=related

Discover Your Personality Style

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK2ovBcTvMs

By Colour

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnyCTeKmef0&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAHB0quWziY&feature=fvwrel

Nature and Scope of Human Behavior

Human behavior is a challenging in every aspects. It not only deals to with the changing “modify- improve” human character but also a adapt behavior with respect to time.

The scope of human behavior is very huge. It has very large area of research. It can have wide impact on people and society.

The nature of understanding human behavior is not an easy topic for the discussion. Any one who is interested has to go through many research on understanding the brain functionality together with the model of modeling such behavior.

Psychological (Theories) Approaches

To Human Behavior

Discover what scientists are saying – Think compare to our science - culture “Islam”, write your science

http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=281&Itemid=248

http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230

An introduction

How psychologists explain human behaviour

Why do people behave the way they do ?!

Discover what scientists are saying – Think compare to our science - culture “Islam”, write your science

Biological approach to understanding human behaviour

- All behaviour is determined by genetic, physiological and neurological factors

- The central nervous system and the ‘brain’ is a major influence

- Normality is a properly functioning nervous system

The nature of psychological development

Stages of behavioural & psychological development are based on changes in brain growth which are genetically determined (maturation)

Preferred method of study: - Experiment (on animals often rats and humans)

Biological approach to understanding human behaviour

Major causes of abnormal behaviour

· genetic disorders

· organic (bodily) disorders

· brain disease or injury

· chemical imbalance / allergies

·mental illness

Preferred methods of treatment: chemotherapy( drugs); electroconvulsive therapy; psychosurgery

Goals of treatment: To alleviate symptoms or to reverse the underlying cause (s) of the illness

Key Studies : - Maguire et al : Brains of London Taxi Drivers - Sperry: The split brain studies

Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour (Freud)

Behaviour determined by unconscious forces

- The individual experiences unconscious conflict due to opposing demands made by different parts of the personality (id, ego, superego)

- Normality : A reasonable balance between id, ego, superego but there is always some conflict ..... Id Ego Superego in Islam are they conflict ?

The nature of psychological development

- Five psychosexual stages whose sequence is determined by maturation

- An individual is shaped by early childhood experiences

Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour (Freud)

Preferred method of study is case study ... Key Studies:

- Freud, S. (1909) Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy. Pelican Freud Library, Vol. 8, Case Histories

- Thigpen, C.H. & Cleckley, H. (1954) A case of multiple personality.

Major causes of abnormal behaviour

Emotional disturbance / neurosis caused by unresolved conflicts stemming from childhood

Preferred methods of treatment

Psychoanalysis in which the unconscious is revealed

Goals of treatment

To uncover unconscious conflict and to achieve balance between id, ego, superego

Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human behaviour

- All human behaviour shaped by environmental forces

- Behaviour is learned by classical & operant conditioning

(Pavlov’s dogs)

Normality

The possession of an adequately large repertoire of learned responses

Major causes of abnormal behaviour

- learned maladaptive responses

- no distinction between symptoms and behaviour disorder

Key Study:

- Little Albert: J Watson & R Rayner (1926)

- Conditioned emotional responses

Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human behaviour

Preferred methods of treatmentbehaviour therapysystematic desensitisationaversion therapy, flooding therapy

Goals of treatmentTo eliminate maladaptive responses (phobias etc) and to acquire new ones

Classical conditioning- With care & patience, it is possible to demonstrate the conditioning of the eye-blink reflex in humans. In pairs choose who will be the experimenter and the learner- Experimenter - blow carefully (use a drinking straw ) across the eyeball. Now pair the puff of air with a gentle tap on the back of the participants hand. Record the number of pairings required to produce the eye-blink to the tap on the hand alone.

Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour

The human mind is compared to a computer (information processor) as cognitive processes select, code, store and retrieve information.

Key Study Areas: Memory, Perception, Language

Normality The proper functioning of cognitive processes & ability to use them to monitor & control behaviour

The nature of psychological development Stages of cognitive development by (Key Names: Jean Piaget, L Vygotsky)

Preferred methods of study - experiment (mainly humans) & - artificial intelligence

Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour

The major causes of abnormal behaviour

- unrealistic/irrational ideas about self & others

- the inability to monitor behaviour through cognitive processes

Key studies:

- Loftus & Palmer How leading questions reconstruct memory

- Samuel & Bryant Asking only one question in the conservation tasks

Preferred methods of treatment

- Rational Emotive Therapy

- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy e.g. Pain clinics / depression clinics

The goals of treatment- To correct unrealistic ideas so that thinking becomes an effective means of controlling behaviour

HEALTHY LIFE WITH ALLAH ONLY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezI1cBfppdY

ISLAM Human Behaviour

Summary of Islamic HB Sciences Deen

Scope of Islam

Co

llec

tive

Life

Global Society

Ind

ivid

ual

Lif

e

Politics

Economy

Ideology Society

Spirituality

Morality

Family

Scope of Islam

Individual L ife Collec tive L ife

Social System

Economic System

Political System

Belief

Modes of Worship

Customs

Religion Deen

Summary of Islamic Systems

12. Revival & growthSystem

11. Political System

10. Economic System

9. Social System

8. Family System

7. Dealing System1. Wisdom System

2. Belief System

3. Education System

4. Spiritual System

5. Morality System

6. Human Rights System

Benefit = Knowledge +Use

Spirit (To Serve)

Heart (To love)

Mind (To learn)

Body (To Survive)

Physical Laws (Science)

Moral Laws (Religion)

Laws of Nature

Work of God

Words of God

Result=Immediate Result=Longer

Exp

lain

ed in7

56 A

yas

of Q

ura

n Exp

lain

ed in

150 A

yas o

f Qura

n

USE …. SUCCESS

Misuse …. Exploitation Non-use …. downfall

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/

Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin abbas

Allah, the Almighty, created man and knows the things of which he tells himself, and all what is hidden and known. Allah chose man as His heir on earth to bear The Trust where He says: ''We did offer The Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the Mountains; but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof: but man undertook it; - he was indeed unjust and foolish''.Allah dignified man and honored him over the other creatures, and guided him with His Words to what is best in this world and in after life. He sent His messengers and prophets with the divine books that include all what man needs for his guidance and cure. Throughout this research, we reviewed and analyzed one of the modern sciences and discussed how far its spiritual and psychological issues accords with what Allah mentions in the Quran. It has been demonstrated that the Quran includes glorious verses that help reform the human soul, and which provide a spiritual, behavioral, and psychological treatment. The Quran teaches man how to fulfill his own self, and how to feel psychologically secure and physically safe. In addition, it guides him as to how can happiness and joy be achieved. Thus, the Glorious Quran offers a complete methodology for treatment and cures that moves people from darkness to light, guiding them to the right path. This Book is also a protection against devilish and psychological ailments. Hence, Allah is Truthful and His honest messenger has delivered his message; to all that and to the Oneness of Allah do we testify.  

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/

Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin abbas

http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/

http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx

Many theories have been made on human behaviour and the factors governingit, and one popular explanation behind the trending of human behaviour isreligion. Religion is believed to have an immense power in influencing humanbehaviour due to its close link to human’s spiritual self, and the reasons areobvious. Rules and knowledge which comes together with religion is seen as aguide wh*Corresponding author.

Email: munawar@ukm.myCopyright © 2011 Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia dan Institut Islam Hadhari ukm

Jurnal Hadhari 3 (2) (2011) 103 - 116ere people who believe in their religion adhere religiously regardless

ALLAH the Only Who Can Give You Healthy Life Overcome Behavioural Disorder With Worship

Health Behavior Change

Johali ArgumentDo You Want To Change Your Behavior ?!!

Motivate ; Promote; Help & Facilitate to Assure Quality Change

Psychology of why people behave the way they do !

Key questions to ask about human behaviourDo people behave the way they do

- Because of the sort of ‘person’ they are the dispositional explanation

or

- Because of the situation they are in? the situational explanation

or ‘a bit of both’

Do people behave the way they do

- Because of biological (nature) reasons

or

- Because of their environmental (nurture ) experiences?!!

or ‘a bit of both’

How can metaphysical mental processes cause behaviour?

The ghost in the machine!

Promoting Behavioral Change

Let us tart watch this\these Health Behavior Change

http://www.slideworld.org/slideshow.aspx/Health-Behavior-Change-ppt-5058

Slide 49

Action Process Approach (PIAR)

Pre-intentional - Intentional - Actional Risk & Resource Communication

Plus

Matching – Mismatching

(You Have To read)

IntroductionHow does behavior change occur? This question probably has as many answers as there are diverse populations and cultures. Every HIV prevention program, however, is based on those answers -- theories about why people change their behaviors. These underlying principles may not be formally recognized as theories, but they focus HIV prevention efforts on the elements believed to be essential for individuals to enact and sustain behavior change. Four of the most commonly theories in HIV are: - Health Belief Model, - AIDS Risk Reduction Model, - Stages of Change Theory - Theory of Reasoned Action  These theories have yet to be extensively applied in research outside of the United States, and they may not These theories capture the elements necessary for behavior change in every culture or population.

develops by Julie to encourage people working with HIV/AIDS1996 under AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project.

Health Belief Model (HBM)The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. - HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an effort by

social psychologists in the United States Public Health Service to explain the lack of public participation in health screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently located tuberculosis screening project).

- HBM has been adapted to explore a variety of long- and short-term health behaviors based on Perception “Awareness”

- Becker et al 1994 set HBM Key Variables as follows: 1) Perceived Threat of Susceptibility (the risk of

contracting a health condition) + Severity (Feelings concerning the seriousness)

2) Perceived Benefits: The believed effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce the threat of illness.- Perceived Barriers (The potential negative consequences that may result from taking particular health actions, including physical, psychological, and financial demands)

3) Cues to Action: Events, either bodily (e.g., physical symptoms of a health condition) or environmental (e.g., media publicity) that motivate people to take action. Cues to actions is an aspect of the HBM that has not been systematically studied.

HBM Johali Modified Schematic Diagram

Updated 9 Feb 2010Johali ˾ ˽

Socio Demographics Factors

Age; Edu status; gender…

Threat

• P Susceptibility• P Severity

+

Expectations

P Benefits -

P Barriers + S efficacy

Cues

MediaInfluenceReminder

Behavior to ReduceT based on E

Background + Perception + Action

Behavior Change -- A Summary of Four Major Theories By Julie Denison

http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofqvrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf

Th

is d

oc

um

en

t pre

se

nts

an

d e

xp

lain

s fo

ur o

f the

mo

st c

om

mo

nly

cite

d

the

orie

s u

se

d in

HIV

/AID

Sp

rev

en

tion

on

ho

w b

eh

av

ior c

ha

ng

e is

be

liev

ed

to o

cc

ur.

AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM)

http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofqvrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf Stage 1

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Stages of Change Model

Source: Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. and Norcross, J.C. (1992). Insearch of how people change -- applications to addictive behaviors.American Psychologist, 47(9), 1102-1114.

Figure 1 Cycle of change (after Prochaska and DiClemente7) in Bondy, C 2004, J R Soc Med. 2004; 97(Suppl 44): 43–47.

Psychologists developed the Stages of Change Theory (SCT) in 1982 to compare smokers in therapy and self-changers along a behavior change continuum. The rationale behind "staging" people, as such, was to tailor therapy to a person's needs at his/her particular point in the change process . As a result, the four original components of the Stages of Change Theory (Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action, and Maintenance) were identified and resented as a linear process of change. Since then, a fifth stage (preparation for action) has been incorporated into the theory, as well as ten processes that help predict and motivate individual movement across stages. In addition, the stages are no longer considered to be linear; rather, they are components of a cyclical process that varies for each individual. The stages and processes, as described by Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross (1992), are listed below. 1) Pre-Contemplation: Individual has the problem (whether he/she recognizes it or not) and

has no intention of changing. With PC Processes: 1. Consciousness raising (information and knowledge) 2. Dramatic relief (role playing) 3. Environmental Reevaluation (how problem affects physical environment)

2) Contemplation: Individual recognizes the problem and is seriously thinking about changing..With C Processes: Self-reevaluation (assessing one'sfeelings regarding behavior)

3) Preparation for Action: Individual recognizes the problem and intends to change the behavior within the next month. Some behavior change efforts may be reported, such as inconsistent condom usage. However, the defined behavior change criterion has not been reached (i.e., consistent condom usage). With PA Processes: Self-liberation (commitment or belief in ability to change)

4) Action: Individual has enacted consistent behavior change (i.e., consistent condom usage) for less than six months….With A Processes: 1. Reinforcement management (overt and covert rewards) 2. Helping relationships (social support, selfhelp groups) 3. Counter-conditioning (alternatives for behavior) 4. Stimulus control (avoid high-risk cues)

5) Maintenance: Individual maintains new behavior for six months or more. A variety of behaviors, such as smoking cessation, weight control efforts and mammography screening, have been explored in U.S. populations using the Stages of Change Theory (Prochaska, 1994).

SCT Limitations:

As a psychological theory, the stages of change focuses on the individual without assessing the role that structural and environmental issues may have on a person's ability to enact behavior change. In addition, since the stages of change presents a descriptive rather than a causative explanation of behavior, the relationship between stages is not always clear. Finally, each of the stages may not be suitable for characterizing every population. For instance, a study of sex workers in Bolivia discovered that few study participants were in the precontemplative, contemplative stages in regard to using condoms with their clients (Posner, 1995).

Theory of Reasoned Action

Source: Ajen,I., Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding attitudes andpredicting social behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

As CN; think and describe this diagrammatic model …..to what cases and how you can use …Then read author’s description …You can describe more accurate

Theory of Reasoned ActionTRA has been explained and predicted a variety of human behaviors since 1967. It based on the Premise that “humans are rational and that the behaviors being explored are under volitional control, It provides a construct links Individual beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior (Fishbein et al1994). This TRA based on 6 Variables : 1) Behavior: A specific behavior defined by a combination of four components: action, target, context, and time

(e.g., implementing a HIV risk reduction strategy (action) by workers using clove and mask (target) in communicating with HIV inpatients (context) every time (time).

2) Intention: The intent to perform a behavior is the best predictor that a desired behavior will actually occur. In order to measure it accurately and effectively, intent should be defined using the same components used to define behavior: action, target, context, and time. Both attitude and norms, described below, influence one's intention to perform a behavior.

3) Attitude: A person's positive or negative feelings toward performing the defined behavior.4) Behavioral Beliefs: Behavioral beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs regarding the outcomes of a defined

behavior and the person's evaluation of potential outcomes. 5) Norms: A person's perception of other people's opinions regarding the defined behavior. 6) Normative Beliefs: Normative beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs regarding other people's views of a

behavior and the person's willingness to conform to those views. As with behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs regarding other people's opinions and the evaluation of those opinions will vary from population to population. The TRA provides a framework for linking each of the above variables together ( above diagram). Essentially, the behavioral and normative beliefs referred to as cognitive structures -- influence individual attitudes and subjective norms, respectively. In turn, attitudes and norms shape a person's intention to perform a behavior.

(Summarize and reorganize these 6 in 5 Only … BIBAN \ BINAB ?! )Limitations:Some limitations of the TRA include the inability of the theory, due to its individualistic approach, to consider the role of environmental and structural issues and the linearity of the theory components (Kippax and Crawford, 1993). Individuals may first change their behavior and then their beliefs/attitudes about it. For example, studies on the impact of seatbelt laws in the United States revealed that people often changed their negative attitudes about the use of seatbelts as they grew accustomed to the new behavior.

HB Barriers & Human Relationship System in Islam

Where there is a will; way !

behavioral Obstacles (barriers)

Nafs Others

But …

Satan

DEALING SYSTEM

Lecture-7

1. Trustworthiness

2. Promise Keeping

3. Justice

Fundamental Principles of fair dealing

Types of Trust

Advice

Vote

Secrets

Loans

Inheritance

Office time

Authority

Meetings

Office property

Wealth

KINDS OF PROMISE… Pledge to / with:

Oneself

Mankind

Allah

Intention of piety, repentance etc

Implied agreements

(Obligations to parents, neighbours etc)Written agreements

(Rent, employment, business etc)

Lifetime obedience

(Fulfilling purpose of creation i.e. Ibaadat)

Characteristics of Islamic Society

Focal point Of faith

Sympathy/Altruism

Segregation of Sexes

Human Equality

Sense of Responsibility

Moderation

UniversalBrotherhood

Moral Conduct

Enjoining good/ forbidding bad

Resource

Output

Activity

Target of Islam

Moral Welfare Spiritual Welfare System Welfare

Human Welfare

Spiritual Power Economic Power Piety Unity

Prayer Charity Fasting Hajj

Basics of Educational Psychology Model

Developed by: W. Huitt, 1999

Compound Behaviours

Person

internal behaviour

Decis. {}

Actions {}

State{+}

Other Persons

Objects

External Behaviour of the acting Person

Behavioral Nutrition

Can Friend Advices Cause Eating disorders?

http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutrition

Can We Modify Kids Behaviors

Healthy Behavior

100 Life Saving Health Food Tips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&feature=results_video

(Watch and Make Summary 2-3 slides)

The Most 10 Islamic Mysteries (Secrets) of

Human Behaviorthat science did not and cannot

explainhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/5981311/The-10-mysteries-of-human-behaviour-that-science-cant-explain.html

See Johali Academic Site

Treat Depressed \Anxious With Natural Nutrition (herbals )

I don't get depressed or anxious with my herbals!

Human Behavior by Nouman Ali Kh

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCU16GM_Y6o

Promoting Health And Wellbeing .Positive - Negative And Holistic Health

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVUtb7_wdbg&feature=related

what is holistic health … what to look for in a good practitioner ,where to find a qualified holistic health practitioner

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chO6J6vSgYw&feature=related

© 2007-2008 LetsStartThinking.org. All rights reserved.

• Doctors report that the child would never be able to play any physically exerting sport… the child grows to be the fittest athlete in the world

• How did the parents define the situation?

• How did the child define the situation?

• How did it influence their behavior?

CASE STUDIES With HuCOM

If there is a time

References Miracles of Hadith - 360 joints in the human body

  - Behavioral Nutrition in http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionn

 - The Psychology of Nutrition http://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/the

- http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm

http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23-Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentation

Chapter 3 Mainstreams of Organizational Thought

This Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

28 August 2012 Johali 65

My Best Wishes to be: Positive Smart “real Muslim” CNHB

Eisa Ali Johali the lecturer; Riyadh 28 August 2012

And in the end, it's not the years in your life that count" It's the life in your years"  -Abraham Lincoln

Finally; Because it reflect the reality of our life “Islam”; I would like to end with this saying: