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Human Development Notes
Ms. Wydra-Gat
H.S.C.S.
Human Development:
• The scientific study of how people change as well as how they stay the same over time.
•We all develop at different speeds.
The ways we change:
• Physical
• Intellectual
• Emotional
• Social
Physical
• How our body changes
• And the physical skills we can do
Physical Skills
Fine Motor SkillsUsing small muscleex: zipping zippers
Gross Motor SkillsUsing large muscles
ex: walking
Physical Skills
Intellectual:
• Intelligence• Smarts• How we think
Emotional
• Our feelings
Social
• Getting along with others
Infant
Birth- 1year
Physical Characteristics
• Size:
– Head is 1/4th the size of their entire body
Fontanels:
Open spaces in the skull
Skills
• Hold up head• Roll over• Sit up• Crawl• Walk
Reflexes
• Newborns have a lot of different reflexes.
• Fencer’s Pose• Grasping
Other facts:
• Infants enjoy and respond to their mother’s face.
The only way they can communicate is through crying.
They learn through their senses.
• Shaken Baby:
A baby can suffer severe damage if shaken. It can just be a slight shake.
• SIDS=– Sudden– Infant– Death– Syndrome
Object Permanence:
• Infants do NOT have object permanence.
When an object exists even if we don’t see it.
Infants Need…
Toddler
Ages: 1-3 years
General Characteristics• Walks
• Has object permanence.
Talks in 1-2 word sentences.
Has temper tantrums.
Toddler Social Skill
• Solitary Play:
–Plays alone
•Parallel Play:
–Plays alongside, not with another child
Toddlers
• They can only follow__________ commands.
• EX:
simple
“Pick up the truck.”
• TODDLER RULES OF POSSESSION• 1. If I like it, it’s mine.• 2. If it’s in my hand, it’s mine.• 3. If I can take it from you, it’s mine.• 4. If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine.• 5. If it’s mine, it must NEVER appear to be yours in
anyway.• 6. If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are
mine.• 7. If it looks just like mine, it is mine.• 8. If I saw it first, it’s mine.• 9. If you are playing with something and you put it down, it
automaticallybecomes mine.
• 10. If it’s broken, it’s yours.
Early Childhood
Ages 3-6
Preschoolers
• Practice fine motor skills.
• Need to learn how to share.
• Egocentric:
• Cooperative Play:
• Self needs:
• Reading Readiness:
Thinks of self first
Plays with others
Hygiene, goes to bathroom, dressing…
Getting ready to read, knows letters …
This is the most important stage to develop…
• Speech and language
Middle Childhood
Ages: 6-12
School Age:
• Gross motor skills become athletic
• Memory and language skills increase
• Can read, eyes are mature
In middle childhood: children like
• To spend time with friends.
Adolescence We are ages 12-20.
Adolescents
• Physical changes are rapid. Ex. Puberty
• Very social• Self-concept:
– Figuring out who we are and who we want to be.
The most important thing is…
• Self Concept
Adulthood
• Career choices• Many get married and
have children (not all)
• Health peaks, then decreases
Ages: 20-65 years old
The most important thing(s) to an adult are…
Family and career
Late Adulthood
• Ages 65+
• Physical, social, and emotional changes occur