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Human Factors in the Coming Age of
Driverless Vehicle
Jibo He, Ph.D., Associate Professor
Department of Psychology
Investment Partner, iBeeHub Incubator
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About Jibo He
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• Eye-trackers
• Tobii, SMI eye-tracker, and SR Research Eyelink-eye tracker
• Advanced driving simulator
• Advanced flight simulator
• Microsoft HoloLens
• Smartphones & smartwatches
• Google Glass
• NeuroSky EEG sensors
About Human Automation Interaction Lab
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Driving Pleasure and Survival Needs
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Driving Pains
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Driving Difficulty
Telescopes Low Vision Driving
Drunk Driving Distracted Driving
Drowsy Driving
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“to err is human ”
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Driving Casualty
23
2219
66
3 3 2 11
Top 10 global causes of liability loss by total value of claims
(2011-2016)
Human Error
Defective product/work
Collision/crash
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Driverless Vehicle
“ A robotic vehicle that is
designed to travel between
destinations without a human
operator ”
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Sensors in Driverless Vehicle
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Sensors in Driverless Vehicle
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Brands of driverless vehicle
❖ General Motors
❖ Ford
❖Mercedes Benz
❖ Volkswagen
❖ Chang An
❖ Tesla
❖ Baidu
❖ Audi
❖ Nissan
❖ BMW
❖ Volvo
❖ Didi
❖ Uber
❖ Toyota
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Automation levels of driverless vehicles
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“ to err is machine ”
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To err is machine,e.g. driverless vehicle
“ Telsa explained that the
vehicle's sensors, which help
to steer the car by identifying
obstructions, had failed to
recognize the white side of
the tractor trailer against a
brightly lit sky.”
Tesla driver killed in first fatal crash using Autopilot
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To err is machine,e.g. driverless vehicle
Google’s Self-Driving Car Caused Its First Crash
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
Situational Awareness
➢ Computer Vision Algorithms lack Situational Awareness (Level 3): project
the future actions of the elements in the environment
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
Trust & Complacency
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
Insurance and Legal Issues
➢ Federal Automated Vehicles Policy
❖Who must carry motor vehicle insurance ?
❖How to allocate liability when a crash occurs ?
➢ Insurance Information Institute
❖Liability laws might evolve to ensure autonomous vehicle
technology advances are not brought to a halt.
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
➢ An Insurance Information Institute Pulse survey (2016)
❖ 55 percent of consumers: “would not ride in an autonomous
vehicle. ”
❖ 50 percent: “manufacturer should bear responsibility for an
accident”
❖ Only 25 percent : “willing to pay more for a driverless car to
cover the manufacturer’s liability in case of an accident.”
Customers Acceptance
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
“The hackers can take control
of the brakes, engine or other
components of a person's car
remotely.”
The Guardian (2016)
Security and Privacy
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Human Factors Issues for Driverless Vehicles
Control Take-Over
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Human Sensing Technologies
Fatigue Detection
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Human Sensing Technologies
✓Face recognition
✓Head tracking
✓Gaze tracking
✓Lip reading
Nvidia’s AI Co-Pilot at CES’2017
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Take-Home Message: Driverless Vehicle
“ A robotic vehicle that is
designed to travel between
destinations by integrating
human factors & technology ”
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References
➢ He, J., Choi, W., Yang, Y., Lu, J., Wu, X., & Peng, K. (2017). Detection of driver drowsiness using wearable
devices: A feasibility study of the proximity sensor. Applied Ergonomics.
➢ He, J., Roberson, S., Fields, B., Peng, J., Cielocha, S., & Coltea, J. (2013). Fatigue detection using
smartphones. Journal of Ergonomics, 3(03), 1-7.
➢ Ren, Z., Wang, C., & He, J. (2013, June). Vehicle detection using Android smartphones. In Proceedings of
the Seventh International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and
Vehicle Design, Bolton Landing New York.
➢ Fields, B. M., He, J., Nepomuceno, J. A., Roberson, S., Plummer, B. A., Houdek, K. C., & Jain, N. (2014). U.S.
Patent No. 8,876,535. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
➢ Seppelt, B. D., & Lee, J. D. (2007). Making adaptive cruise control (ACC) limits visible. International
journal of human-computer studies, 65(3), 192-205.
