Human Growth and Physiology I Skeletal System Lab A & P
EMPACTS Project Them Bones By Sydney Kilgore, NWACC Pre-Nursing
Student Dr. P. Mocivnik, A & P Instructor
Slide 2
Project Introduction Anatomy and Physiology students, who
participate in hybrid and online courses, are in need of
interactive laboratory experiences.
Slide 3
Project Overview This project is designed to augment the
learning experience in a blended A & P learning laboratory
environment. It is designed to help supplement those students for
lab two, on the skeletal system.
Slide 4
Curriculum Objectives To list the five functions of the
skeletal system. To identify the four main groups/types of bones.
To identify the major anatomical areas of a bone. To identify the
anatomical structure of compact bone and its parts. To identify the
appendicular and axial classification of the human skeleton.
Slide 5
The Five Functions of the Skeletal System
Slide 6
1. Support Bones provide the framework that supports the body.
They also function to support and cradle many of the organs. An
example: the femurs support the entire upper body so that we can
stand, walk, and even dance.
Slide 7
2. Protection Many of the bones of the body function to protect
delicate organs. The ribs form the thoracic cavity and protect the
lungs, heart, liver, and parts of the upper GI.
Slide 8
3. Movement Skeletal muscles attach to bones and use those
bones as levers to move the body and its parts. HUMERUS The humerus
connects to the scapula at the shoulder.
Slide 9
4. Mineral and Growth Factor Storage The bones serve as a
reservoir for minerals, mostly calcium and phosphate. Inside the
bone, you will find the bodys storage supply of many minerals If
the body calls for more calcium (if clotting agent is needed, for
example), cells called osteoclasts mine the bone for the needed
mineral.
Slide 10
5. Blood Cell Formation Most blood cell formation occurs in the
bone marrow.
Slide 11
Review of the Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Support 2.
Protection 3. Movement 4. Mineral and Growth Factor Storage 5.
Blood Cell Formation
Slide 12
The Four Main Types of Bones
Slide 13
1. Long Bones Are longer than they are wide. Hence, long bones.
The Humerus of the upper arm is an example of a long bone. Others
include the femur, the ulna, the tibia, and the carpals.
Slide 14
2. Short Bones These bones are roughly cube shaped. The
metacarpals of the wrist are examples of short bones.
Slide 15
3. Sesamoid Bones These are short bones that form within a
tendon. They are unique because they do not articulate with another
bone. The patella, highlighted, is an example of a sesamoid
bone.
Slide 16
4. Flat Bones These bones are thin, flattened, and usually
curved. The scapula of the shoulder is an example of a flat
bone.
Slide 17
Review of the Types of Bones 1. Long Bones 2. Short Bones 3.
Sesamoid Bones 4. Flat Bones 5. Note: Irregular Bones are sometimes
considered a category. These bones do not fit into any other
group.
Slide 18
Major Anatomical Areas of the Bone
Slide 19
Epiphysis (end) Epiphysis Diaphysis (long part of bone)
Articular Cartilage Periosteum Epiphyseal Line Spongy Bone
Slide 20
Anatomical Areas of Bone Special Functions Spongy Bone serves
to keep the skeleten light. If all of our bones were dense, we
would be too heavy and cumbersome to walk! Spongy Bone also serves
as the place for blood cell formation. The Periosteum covers the
bone and helps protect it. Compact Bone gives us strength and lets
our bodies withstand daily forces, like that of jumping.
Slide 21
The Anatomical Structure of Compact Bone
Slide 22
Compact Bone Osteocytes the basic cells of the bone. (Think:
Osteo =bone, Cyte=cell.) Osteon- basic structure of compact bone.
Lamellae rings that make up the circlular osteon. Lacuna house
maturing and mature osteocytes Perforating fibers Canals which
function to give blood vessels a place to move around.
Slide 23
Canal Osteon Lacuna Lamellae
Slide 24
Classifying the Skeleton
Slide 25
Appendicular and Axial Skeleton Classification The Appendicular
Skeleton Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the
girdles and attaches TO the axial skeleton. Are the bones that
create locomotion. The Appendicular Skeleton Consists of the bones
of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles and attaches TO the
axial skeleton. Are the bones that create locomotion. The Axial
Skeleton Forms the long axis of the body. Includes the bones of the
skull, vertebra, and rib cage. Are generally the protecting and
supporting bones.
Slide 26
Slide 27
A special thanks to my friend Elvis, the laboratory skeleton.
Elvis and Sydney
Slide 28
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition; Marieb,
Elaine N. and Hoehn, Katja. 2009 C. Dianne Phillips, EAST/EMPACTS
Facilitator P. Mocivnik, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor THANK
YOU!
