HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:

Simranjeet Singh(50802063)

Rohit Chandra(50802056)

Manvir Singh(50802040)

Parmeet Singh(50802045)

Rajan Mittal (50802052)LMTSOM

WHAT IS ECOLOGY

Study of the “house/environment” in which we live. Ecology is study of interactions between non-living and

living components in the environment. light water wind nutrients in soil heat solar radiation atmosphere, etc.

Living organisms… Plants Animals microorganisms in soil, etc.

Nonliving dead organic matter nutrients in the soil and water.

Producers green plants

Consumers herbivores and carnivores

Decomposers fungi and bacteria

ECOLOGY: LEVELS OF

ORGANIZATION

- a hierarchy of organization in the environment

Biosphere Surface of the earth Composed of many ecosystems

Ecosystem Large or small as we decide

Population – one species live in one place at one time

Community – All populations (diff. species) that live in a particular area.

Habitat – physical location of community Organism – simplest level of organization

Ecology is an integrated and dynamic study of the environment.

HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOLOGY

DIRECT Land use changes (Deforestation & Degradation)

Construction and Excavation

Agricultural Practices

Nuclear program

INDIRECTOzone Depletion

Acid Rain

Green House Effect

Pollution

LAND USE CHANGES Degradation can be deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, mineral depletion, or chemical degradation (acidification and salinization)

AGRICULTURE PRACTICESInorganic Fertlizers

Pesticides & insecticides

Increased to 2.5 million tons annually

World Health Organization estimated in 1992 that 3 million pesticide poisonings occur annually, causing 220,000 deaths.

Decomposition of organic matter in the soil

Much of the methane emitted into the atmosphere is caused by the decomposition of organic matter in wet soils such as rice paddies.

Wet or anaerobic soils also lose nitrogen through denitrification, releasing the greenhouse gas nitric oxide.[

CONSTRUCTION AND EXCAVATION

Human ActivityConstruction Dams

Increased urbanization

Multipurpose projects

River line and Coastal Erosion

Water Temperature

NUCLEAR PROGRAMNuclear weapons emit large amounts of thermal radiation as visible, infrared, and ultraviolet lightAnthropogenic changes .Chief hazards are burns and eye injuriesBurns visible on a people in Hiroshima during the blast.

OZONE DEPLETION

Ozone is the shield in the upper atmosphere that protects us from ultraviolet radiation

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of chemicals involved in ozone destruction

Depletion, harms living organisms Exposure to UV is linked to disorders in humans,

including cataracts, skin cancer, and weakened immune systems.

Effects on crops

CFCCoolant in refrigerators and air conditionersThe propellant in aerosol dispensersThe foaming agent in the production of plastic foam cups and containers

ACID RAIN

Acid rain" is a popular term referring to the deposition of wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog and cloudwater, dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gases) acidic components.

A more accurate term is “acid deposition”. Principal cause of acid rain is sulphur and

nitrogen compounds from human sources, such as electricity generation, factories, and motor vehicles

Coal power plants are one of the most polluting

Factories had short funnels to let out smoke, but this caused many problems locally

ACID RAIN EFFECTAn extremely destructive form of pollution, and the environment suffers from its effects.

Forests, trees, lakes, animals, and plants suffer from acid rain.

The needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off.

Lakes are also damaged by acid rain. Buildings, Acid rain dissolves the

stonework and mortar of buildings Humans can become seriously ill, and can

even die from the effects of acid rain

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

Greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of the planet by absorbing long wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface.

Without the greenhouse effect life on this planet would probably not exist as the average temperature of the Earth would be a chilly -18°

Main sources of greenhouse gases burning of fossil fuels and deforestation use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) agricultural activities, including the use of

fertilizers etc.

GLOBAL WARMING is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74°C between the start and the end of the 20th century.

CONSEQUENCES

Sea level rise Flooding coastal areas. Reduced yield of crops. Displacement of populations. Climate change Displacement of

ecosystems. Change in range of insect vectors of

pathogens. Declining Biological Diversity

continued Extinction of Plant and Animal species.

POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.

Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.

Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels.

TYPES OF POLLUTION

Air pollution Water pollution Soil contamination Radioactive contamination Noise pollution Light pollution Thermal pollution

GOVT. ROLES ON ECO-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT Govt. of India is committed to ensure all

ecofriendly environment to all Indian citizen. Government and legislatures are using their

influence to reduce environmental and health hazards due to industrialization and to stimulate the development of clean technologies

adopt clean and eco-friendly technologies and environmental-safe disposal of used products, along with preventive and mitigate approaches.

EARTH SUMMIT

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, Rio Conference, Earth Summit 

Issues addressed included: systematic scrutiny of patterns of production —

particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals

alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change

new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog

The growing scarcity of water.

MONTREAL PROTOCOL

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

An international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances.

Believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16, 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989

Terms and purposes of this treatyChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Phase-out Management Plan Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Phase-out Management Plan (HPMP)

ENERGY AUDIT An energy audit is an inspection, survey and

analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s).

Preliminary audit The preliminary audit (alternatively called a simple

audit, screening audit or walk-through audit) is the simplest and quickest type of audit.

A brief review of facility utility bills and other operating data

A walk-through of the facility to become familiar with the building operation and to identify any glaring areas of energy waste or inefficiency

Level of detail, while not sufficient for reaching a final decision on implementing a proposed measures.

DETAIL ENERGY AUDIT

Collecting more detailed information about facility operation and by performing a more detailed evaluation of energy conservation measures

 Better understanding of major energy consuming systems and to gain insight into short and longer term energy consumption patterns.

Detailed implementation cost estimates, site-specific operating cost savings, and the customer's investment criteria.

It includes Sufficient detail is provided to justify

project implementation. Study of Equipment Study of Process Data collection, data analysis, inter

firm comparison, standard setting Identify of potential area.

INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION The Industrial Policy Statement of 1991 stated

that “the Government will continue to pursue a sound policy framework encompassing encouragement of entrepreneurship”.

Development of indigenous technology through investment in research and development.

Dismantling of the regulatory system, development of the capital markets and increased competitiveness for the benefit of common man".

Objective of the Industrial Policy Statement – 1991 sustained growth in productivity, enhance

gainful employment and achieve optimal utilization of human resources, to

attain international competitiveness, and to transform India into a major partner and

player in the global arena.

VARIOUS ACTS

AIR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981

WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974

CONSERVATION OF FORES THE INDIAN WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER POLLUTION REMEDIATION ACT

Statutory organisation, was constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS OF THE CPCB  to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in

different areas of the States by prevention control and abatement of water pollution to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or

abate air pollution in the country.

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS (MOEF)

The planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and programmes.

Broad objectives of the Ministry are: conservation of the country's natural

resources including its lakes and rivers, its biodiversity, forests and wildlife.

Ensuring the welfare of animals, and the prevention and abatement of pollution.

Conservation and survey of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife

Prevention and control of pollution Afforestation and regeneration of degraded

areas Protection of the environment and Ensuring the welfare of animals

Subordinate offices Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Kolkata Directorate of Forest Education (DFE), 

Dehradun Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy

 (IGNFA), Dehradun National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), 

New Delhi National Zoological Park (NZP), New Delhi Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata

Autonomous institutions Central Pollution Control Board

 (CPCB), Delhi Central Zoo Authority (CZA), New

Delhi G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Envir

onment and Development, Almora

Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun

Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation ActThis Act is formulated to prevent and remediate soil and groundwater pollution, ensure the sustainable use of soil and groundwater, enhance the

living environment, and advance public health.

The regulations of other laws shall apply to those matters not regulated by this Act.

Earth Hour started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia when 2.2 million homes and businesses turned their lights off for one hour to make their stand against climate change.

Only a year later and Earth Hour had become a global sustainability movement

Environment Action Programs have been prepared.

“ONE PLANT ONE LIFE” as awareness creation