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8/20/2019 Human Reproduction Sys.
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REPRODUCTION ?
The ability of living thingsto produce offspring or
new individuals
The ability of living thingsto produce offspring or
new individuals
•Reproduction ensures the
continuation of a species and
prevents it from extinction
•Reproduction ensures the
continuation of a species and
prevents it from extinction
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The male reproductive system
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THE MALE RER!"#$T%&E '('TEM
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"etails of the testes
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The male reproductive system
!rgan )unction
Testis
'crotum
&as deferens
Epididymis
enis
roduces sperms and male hormones after
puberty
'ac that protects the testis
Long tube that carries sperms from the testis
to the urethra
%s place of storage and ripening found around thetestis
E*ects semen containing sperms and deposits them
in the vagina of the female body during sexual
intercourse
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'eminal vesicle
#rethra
rostate gland
$owper gland
roduces a slippery fluid containing nutrients
and en+ymes to nourish and activate the
sperms, enabling the sperms to swim actively
Tube that carries sperms from the vasdeferens -sperm duct. to the outside of the
body
'ecretes a mil/y , al/aline fluid that helps to
nourish and protect the sperms during sexualintercourse0
The mixture of sperms and fluids from the
prostate gland and seminal vesicle is called
semen
'ecrete a slippery fluid which mixed with the
sperms
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The Female Reproductive System
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The Female Reproductive System
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"etails of the ovary
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The Female Reproductive System
!rgan )unction
!vary
)allopian tube-!viduct.
#terus
roduce egg or ovum and female hormones after
puberty
1"irects the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
1lace where the ovum is fertili+ed by the sperm
1lace where implantation of the embryo occurs
•lace where the embryo and fetus developing
during pregnancy
•rotects the embryo and fetus from in*ury
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$ervix
&agina
2idens during childbirth for the baby to come out
of the uterus
1lace where the semen is deposited during
sexual intercourse
1 That is natural outlet of baby
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3AMET!3E4E'%' 5
rocess of forming sex cell
3ametogenesis
!ogenesis
'permatogenesis
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Spermatogeesis
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!ogenesis0
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'tructure of a sperm and ovum
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'tructure of a sperm and ovum
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Compariso !et"ee male ad #emale gametes
Sperm Di##ereces Ovum
'i+e
4umber
Mobility
•Much smaller than ovum
•The smallest cell in the
male body -60667mm 8
6069mm.
Millions of sperms are
released during each
e*aculation
Mobile: has a tail that
enables it to swim towards
the ovum
• Larger than the sperm
•The largest cell in thefemale body -about 60;
mm.
#sually only one ovum is
released each month
4ot mobile
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Menstruation
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Menstrual $ycleMenstrual $ycle
70 The monthly discharge of disintegrated uterine lining together with the
unfertili+ed ovum and blood from the uterus through the vagina is
called mestruatio
;0 Menstruation starts when a girl reaches puberty
0 A menstrual cycle begins with menstruation0 Menstruation occurs
during the first to the fifth day of the menstrual cycle90 "uring menstruation, the uterine lining brea/s down and is shed
through the vagina
?0 After menstruation, the repair of the uterine lining begins0 The uterine
lining becomes thic/, spongy and full of blood vessels
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@0 Ovulatio is the release of an ovum from one of the two ovaries into the
)allopian tube0 %t occurs between the thirteenth and fifteenth day
=0 %f the ovum is fertili+ed, a +ygote will form and develop into an embryowhich will implant itself into the uterine lining0 The uterine lining will
remain thic/en and protect the embryo0 Menstruation stops during
pregnancy and continues after the baby is born
0 %f the ovum is not fertili+ed, the uterine lining will bro/en down0 The
uterine lining will be discharged through the vagina together with theblood and the disintegrated ovum0 Menstruation starts again0
760 The fertile phase in a menstrual cycle is from the eleventh to the
seventeenth day0 "uring this phase, sperms inside the vagina may
fertili+e the ovum0 A woman who has sexual intercourse during the fertile
phase may become pregnant0
770 "uring menstruation, vaginal infection may occur because bacteria and
fungi may grow in the blood in the reproductive tract0 Thus, hygienic
measures must be ta/en to prevent infection and unpleasant odors0
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The hormoal cotrol o# the mestrual
cycle
• The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete folliclestimulating hormone -)'H. into the bloodstream0
• )'H stimulates the development of the follicles in theovaries0 %t also stimulates the follicle in the ovary to
secrete estrogen• After menstruation estrogen causes the repair and
growth of the uterine lining -endometrium.0 The uterinelining becomes thic/ and spongy with blood vessel0 Ahigh concentration of estrogen in the blood inhibits )'Hproduction, preventing the ripening and growth of morefollicles0 Estrogen stimulates the pituitary gland tosecrete luteinising hormone -LH.0
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• )unction of LH B
: %t causes ovulation
: %t also causes the formation of the corpus luteum
• $orpus luteum
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and also
some estrogen
• )unction of rogesterone B
: %t /eeps the uterine lining thic/ and well supplied with
blood, preparing it for the implantation of the embryo0
: %t inhibits both )'H and LH production
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)ERT%L%CAT%!4 and
RE34A4$(
)ERT%L%CAT%!4 and
RE34A4$(
70 "uring sexual intercourse, the male
e*aculates semen -contains million of
sperms into the vagina of the female0
)rom the vagina, the sperms swim
their way up through the cervix intothe uterus and finally reach the
)allopian tube0
;0 %f there is an ovum in the )allopian
tube, the sperms will surround it0 !nly
one sperm will penetrate the ovumDsmembrane0
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>0 After fertili+ation, the +ygote moves along the )allopian tube to the
uterus, the +ygote divides again and again to form a ball of cell,
called em!ryo0
90 2hen the embryo reaches the uterus, it implants itself into the thic/uterine lining0 This process is called implatatio$
Developmet o#
%ygote
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?0 After implantation, embryonic membranes develop to enclose the
embryo in a double:layered capsule, called the amniotic cavity0 The
amniotic cavity is filled with a fluid /nown is the amiotic #luid$
@0 The amniotic fluid helps to support the embryo and protects it fromshoc/ and in*ury0
=0 )inger:li/e villi will grow from the embryo into the uterine wall0 The villi
contain the blood vessel of the embryo0
0 The villi together with the part of the uterus in which they areembedded form a structure /nown as the placeta
760 The embryo is attached to the placenta by tube, called the um!ilical
cord
770 )unction of placenta and umbilical cord B a0 Transfers dissolved nutrients, antibody and oxygen from the
motherDs blood into that of the embryoDs
b0 Transfer metabolic waste product -carbon dioxide and urea. from
the embryoDs blood into that of the motherDs
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7;0 About eight wee/s after fertili+ation, when all the main organs are
formed, the embryo is called a fetus0
70 "uring birth, the uterine walls contract and help to push the fetus out
through the vagina0