HUNTING PLAN

RICE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

MC GREGOR, MINNESOTA

Concurrence: ~~~~-'--+'7'~1.lL.L.-fi---------Da te: /)1/7/f(

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HUNTING PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

II. Conformance with Statutory Authorities ..••............. 3

III. Statement of Objectives ............•.....•....•...•.... 4

IV. Assessment.. . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . 5

V. Description of Hunting Program ..........••............. 7

VI. Measures Taken to Avoid Conflicts with Other Management Objectives ........................................... 10

VI I • Conduct of the Hunt. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

HUNTING PLAN

Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge

I. Introduction

Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge is composed of two uni~s. The Rice Lake Unit is located in Aitkin County, Minnesota, approximately 120 miles north of Minneapolis-St. Paul, encompassing 18,104 acres. The Sandstone Unit includes 2,045 acres located in Pine County, Minnesota, approximately 40 miles southwest of the Rice Lake unit and 80 miles north of Minneapolis/St. Paul. A~inistrative offices for Rice Lake NWR are located on the Rice Lake Unit.

A. History and General Description of Rice Lake NWR

Rice Lake NWR was authorized by Executive Order 7221 on October 31, 1935. The order states, in part, that "the lands are set apart as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife".

Some portions of Rice Lake NWR were acquired under the authority of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act (16 usc 715) "for use as an inviolate ·sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds".

Rice Lake Unit

The majority of the present refuge area was purchased within ten years of the establishment date, with Wildlife Refuges Funds and Duck Stamp Funds. Early development was accomplished using Civilian Conservation Corps labor (Camp BS-3). Major facilities today include roads, dikes, buildings, two major water control structures (one on Rice Lake, the other on the Rice River) and limited public use developments.

The dominant refuge surface features of the Rice Lake Unit were formed by glaciers some 10,000 years ago. A group of moraines and glacial till ridges, surrounds the area on three sides, with the open end to the north. One set of ridges impounds surface flow, forming 4,500 acre Rice Lake. The Rice River bisects and drains the refuge, flowing from the southeast corner to the north­west, ultimately emptying into the Mississippi River 20 miles west of the refuge.

Abundant natural foods, particularly wild rice and wild celery, have attracted wildlife to the area for centuries. The refuge is especially noted for its fall concentrations of ring-necked ducks, which often number over 50,000 birds. Several waterfowl species including mallards, canvasbacks, blue winged teal and Canada geese, remain to nest during the summer months.

'"'I ~.

~he mixture of lakes, marshes, forestlands, grasslands, and croplands provides a wide variety of habitat for other migrant and resident wildlife species including; white­tailed deer, black bear, otter, beaver, sandhill crane, bald eagle and grouse (ruffed and sharptail) . Numerous wading and diving birds, raptors and most other species associated with the bogs and forests of northern Minnesota also use the Refuge.

Sandstone Unit

The Sandstone Unit was initially acquired by the United States for the purpose of establishing a federal prison in 1932. In 1969 the Department of Justice declared a portion of the original acquisition surplus to their needs. The Fish and Wildlife Service declared an interest, and on February 18, 1970 the area was transferred to the Department of the Interior (FWS) under existing authorities "for use in carrying out the national migratory bird management program", as a unit of Rice Lake NWR.

Surface features of Sandstone Unit were formed by glacial scouring and subsequent melt runoff. The Kettle River, which flows through the western portion of the unit has cut a 100 foot deep canyon, 1/2 to 3/4 mile wide.

Though many small wetland basins dot the area, uplands and upland habitat dominate. Three quarters of the unit is forested, primarily by aspen/birch second growth. Existing grasslands are due to agricultural development activities during the federal prison administration. Federal prison activities also included the drainage of many small wetlands and channelization of streams that exist on the unit.

Because of the geographic location of the Sandstone Unit outside of a major production area or migration route, plus the degraded nature of wetlands, the area has not supported a large waterfowl population. The primary habitat value of the unit has been for those species associated with the woodland or brushland biomes, including; white-tailed deer, grey squirrel, ruffed grouse, broad winged hawk and barred owl. Grassland and brushland areas support a remnant sharp­tailed grouse flock and a local sandhill crane population. Currently, the refuge is comprised of the following ecological units.

Wetlands Forests/brush Grassland Croplands Administrative

Total

Rice Lake Unit 10,800

5,300 1,448

250 306

18,104

Sandstone Unit 160

1,560 280

45 2,045

3.

II. Conformance with Statutory Authorities

The Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 (16 u.s.c. 460k) authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to administer National Wildlife Refuges for public recreation as an appropriate incidental or secondary use (1) to the extent that it is practicable and not inconsistent with the primary objectives for which an area was established, and (2) funds are available for the development, operation and maintenance of permitted recreation.

The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 u.s.c. 668 dd-ee) author1zes the Secretary to permit the use of any area within the Refuge System for any purpose, including but not limited to hunting, fishing, public recreation and accommodations and access whenever he/ she determines that such uses are compatible with the major purpose for which each area was established.

The effects of hunting on refuges have been examined in environmental review documents including the Final Environmental Statement on the Operation to the National Wildlife Refuge System (1976), Recommendations on the Management of the National Wildlife Refuge System (1978) and Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Management of the National Wildlife Refuges (1988).

In documents such as these the Service has determined that hunting can be an acceptable, traditional form of wildlife orientated recreation, provided it is compatible with refuge objectives and provides a quality experience. The Service may also use hunting as a wildlife management tool to regulate populations and prevent significant damage to refuge habitats.

The authorizing documents for Rice Lake NWR (Executive Order 7221 and the Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929) describe the purposes of acquisition as a " ••• refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife ... " and " .•. for use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds." In general, the language of these authorities has been enacted by focusing management on migratory birds, primarily waterfowl. The Refuge Management Plan, Parts I and II for Rice Lake Unit (1985) and Sandstone Unit (1988), establish objectives specific to Rice Lake NWR which reflect the purposes established by the authorizing documents and incorporate the intent of additional legislation which has influenced management of lands within the National Wildlife Refuge System, including but not limited to: the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and Wilderness Act of 1964.

4.

In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and Service policy, an Environmental Assessment has been prepared, which provides the basis for a determination that the hunting program proposed herein does not have significant environmental effects and is compatible with overall refuge objectives.

Costs for the hunting program proposed are estimated to be $5500-$7000 per year, primarily attributable to staff planning and administrative time, printing of regulations and maps, sign maintenance and enforcement activities. These costs can not be borne by existing budget of approximately $160,000 per year. An additional $1500-$2000 dollars per year would be required to fund administration of a new hunting program on the Sandstone Unit. Approximately $12, 0 0 0 one time start up funds would be required to begin the proposed hunting program on the Sandstone Unit.

III. Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge Objectives

Goals and objectives for Rice Lake NWR were established in the refuge master plan 1968, master plan update 1978, and most recently amended to the current form in Refuge Management Plan, Parts I and II, Rice Lake Unit 1985 and Sandstone Unit 1988. These objectives are listed in priority order below:

1. Endangered/Threatened Species Maintenance 2. Waterfowl Maintenance 3. Waterfowl Production 4. Other Migratory Bird Maintenance 5. Environmental Preservation 6. Wildlife/Wildlands Diversity 7 . Wildlife Observation/Appreciation B. Interpretation/Environmental Education 9. Wildlife Recreation - Hunting/Fishing

10. Wildlife/Wildlands Recreation - Other

Hunting· Program Objectives

The objectives of the hunting program are:

1. Provide a method of removing white-tailed deer from the area population to maintain the general health of the herd and protect refuge habitat from over use by high deer populations.

2. Provide the public with quality, wildlife oriented recreational experience and an opportunity to utilize a renewable natural resource.

3. Current output objectives are 150 small game hunter visits, and 400 big game hunter visits per year.

5. Effect of Hunting on Refuge Objectives

Proposed hunting programs would have some effect on refuge objectives primarily as noted below. However, all hunts would be designed so that the overall impact would not be significant and would be compatible with refuge objectives.

Some anticipated effects include:

- common snipe and woodcock hunting conflicts with the other migratory bird maintenance objective.

closure of the refuge to non hunters during the deer hunt influences refuge availability for other public use.

all hunting will disturb other wildlife to some extent and influence movement patterns.

there is potential that non target animals will be killed by hunters.

- bird hunting as proposed will result in deposition of lead shot on uplands and wetland areas increasing shot availability per ingestion by wildlife.

hunting will interfere with other wildlife related recreation.

- hunting will reduce the number of target species available for wildlife observation.

hunting of ruffed grouse will place sharp tailed grouse at risk to hunting pressure.

Total annual hunter visits under this plan is expected to be 550-600 persons. This level of use would be at or somewhat above refuge output objective levels and 200-250 visits more than recent use levels.

IV. Assessment

A. Wildlife Populations

The species proposed to be hunted are present in adequate numbers; certainly in sufficient quantity to justify their taking on the scale proposed. Below is a summary of population estimates for Rice Lake and Sandstone units for the species involved.

6.

Range of population estimates for primary target species 1987-89.

Rice Lake Unit White-tailed deer Ruffed grouse Woodcock Common snipe Grey/red squirrel Cottontail/snowshoe hare

250 - 350 200 - 600 100 - 125

70 - 150 300 - 400

50

Portions of Rice Lake Unit have been open for hunting of all of the above species, except snipe and woodcock for many years. White-tailed deer and ruffed grouse are by far the most sought after target species. Forty to fifty deer have been taken each year for the past decade (retrieved animals) without apparent adverse influence on the population. An estimated 20-50 ruffed grouse are killed each year by refuge hunters. Local hunters rarely hunt squirrel or rabbit. Fewer than 15 squirrels or rabbits are killed by hunters each year, typically by hunters not from the local area. It is likely that snipe and woodcock hunting pressure would be low.

Sandstone Unit

There is little population data concerning Sandstone Unit. Past management has been below custodial levels and visits to the area were infrequent.

General observation and available Minn DNR data indicate that populations of species proposed to be hunted are present in sufficient numbers.

White-tailed deer are frequently seen on the Sandstone Unit and adjacent Federal Correctional Institutional (FCI). FCI personnel frequently comment on observing groups of 40 to 60 deer. DNR pellet counts data for the surrounding area indicate an estimated white-tailed deer density of approximately 20-25 deer per·sguare mile.

DNR 10 mile ruffed grouse drumming counts in Pine County over a five year period, range from a low of near zero to a high of near 60.

B. Impact on Refuge Management/ Competition with Other Wildlife

The greatest potential impact involving interspecies competition would be the adverse affect of a large deer herd on refuge habitat. On Rice Lake Unit, which has had an on going deer hunt for several years, no significant adverse relationship exists. Deer may at times compete with waterfowl for certain cropfield items such as oats or legume browse for example, but there is sufficient food for all users.

7 .

Deer populations at Sandstone, particularly during the fall and winter have been cause for concern. No instances of disease in the herd or over browsed area have been noted, but the large groups of deer observed on the area indicate a high potential for habitat degradation of disease. Archery deer hunting may not kill the number of deer required to minimize disease potential or habitat damage. If conditions warrant, a special permit firearm deer hunt may be held at Sandstone Unit.

Removal of too many deer from the refuge would adversely affect the opportunity for the public to view deer. Competition between the other proposed target species and other wildlife is not significant.

V. Description of Hunting Program

A. Areas that Support Target Species

With the exception of deep open water, most areas of the refuge support species proposed to be hunted. Habitat types most preferred by individual species are interspersed throughout the refuge. White-tailed deer are found primarily in forested or grassland areas, but also use shallow wetlands. Ruffed grouse inhabit forested areas, typically in the aspen/ birch community but may be found throughout the woodlands. Squirrels and hares are also primarily woodland species. Common snipe utilize wetland edge lowlands throughout the refuge. Woodcock are typically woodland edge and small forest opening dwellers. Sharp-tailed grouse utilize grassland and brushland areas.

B. Areas to be Opened to Public Hunting

Rice Lake Unit

Approximately 2,200 acres in the southeast portion of Rice Lake Unit would be opened to upland game, snipe and woodcock hunting, roughly delineated by the Rice River on the east an Rice Lake to the west. Rice Lake Unit has been open to upland game hunting under the current hunting program. It contains good representative habitat for hunted species, provides adequate public access and facilities, and can be easily delineated for law enforcement and public identification purposes.

All of the Rice Lake Unit would be open to firearm deer hunting except for approximately 80 acres surrounding the headquarters. This would be the same as the on going hunt program initiated in 1979.

8.

Sandstone Unit

Approximately 1300 acres of Sandstone Unit, south of Deer Creek and east of the Kettle River would be opened to upland game, snipe, woodcock and archery deer hunting. This area provides easily definable boundary and representative habitat for hunted species. Northern portions of Sandstone Unit would remain closed to provide a buffer to adjacent FCI lands and an undisturbed area for wildlife. There is some concern that sharp-tailed grouse populations may be adversely affected by hunting. Sandstone Unit may be closed to sharp­tailed grouse hunting at times to protect a core population, in cooperation with Minnesota DNR. ·

c. Species to be Hunted and Time Period

Rice Lake Unit

Species Spruce/ Ruffed Grouse Cotton tail Rabbit Grey and Fox Squirrel Snowshoe Hare Common Snipe Woodcock

Time Period

per State season II

II

II

II

II

(Approx. Dates) Est. Range/

Avg Yrly Take

(Sept.l5-Dec.31) (Sept.15-Feb.28) (Sept.15-Feb.28) (Sept.15-Feb.28)

50-120 10 15 10 20 20

Deer (firearm) second weekend of

(Sept.1-Nov.4) (Sept.1-Nov.4)

State firearm season 45

8andstone Unit

Species

Ruffed Grouse Sharp-tailed Grouse Cotton tail Rabbit Snowshoe Hare Grey and Fox Squirrel Common Snipe Woodcock Deer (archery) Optional Deer (firearm)

* when open

Time Period

per State season II

II

II

II

II

II

II

Approx. Dates) Est. Range/ Avg Yrly Take

25-100 (Sept.17-Nov.30) *25

5 10 10 20 20

(Sept.15-Dec.5) 10-15 any weekend of State firearm season 15-25

9.

D. Special Permits Required

A special permit would be required for the Rice Lake Unit firearm deer hunt. All other hunting would be in accordance with state law. Interest in deer hunting on the refuge is high. It is likely that an unpermitted deer hunt would attract more people to the refuge than would be safe. Limiting the number of refuge hunter by a special permit process greatly improves safety and the quality of a hunt. If a firearm deer hunt on Sandstone Unit is held, interest would likely be high and a special permit would be required for the reasons discussed above.

E. Consultation and Coordination with State

All hunting programs would be coordinated with the State Department of Natural Resources through the area wildlife manager. General refuge hunting regulations concerning the refuge would be printed as part of the State Small Game Hunting and Trapping Regulation pamphlet each year.

Refuge archery and firearm deer hunting regulations would also be coordinated with the area wildlife manager. Application for a special firearm permit would be via the State anterless deer permit process and designation of both units as a discrete hunting zone by state regulation. Coordination of on going refuge hunting programs has utilized the above process with good results.

F. Control and Enforcement

Refuge officers with occasional assistance from state officers would handle enforcement duties. Appropriate posting, information signs and pamphlets would provide regulatory direction for most small game and archery deer hunt activities. Periodic scheduled enforcement patrols would be used to monitor use and enforce regulations. Entry to the Rice Lake Unit during the Refuge firearm deer season would be restricted to permitted deer hunters only. Special regulations would apply to direct hunter use, monitored by regular refuge officer patrol. The only Rice Lake Unit entrance would be staffed throughout the day hours to restrict refuge access and collect hunter success information.

G. Funding and Staffing Requirements

The small game and firearm deer hunts at Rice Lake Unit have been conducted for several years. Annual costs for these hunts are approximately $4800-$5000. A fee will be charged of each hunter selected for the firearm deer hunt to recoup the costs incurred for this hunt. The amount of the fee will be determined per established service procedure.

10.

Yearly costs for the added common snipe/woodcock at Sandstone and Rice Lake, added archery deer at Sandstone is estimated to be an additional $2500. These costs include staff time for administration, facilities maintenance, enforcement, signs, brochures and other supplies. Capital improvement costs would be additional.

First year start up costs for the added hunts at Sandstone and snipe/ woodcock hunt at Rice Lake would be approximately $15,000. These costs include kiosk and parking facilities development, signs, posts and brochures. Staff time for program development, administration, facilities construction and equipment costs would be additional. In order to initiate these new hunts, additional funds are needed for start up and additional annual costs.

Staffing for these hunts would involve all permanent refuge employees to conduct administrative, maintenance and enforcement duties. Present staff include refuge manager, assistant refuge manager, secretary, maintenance worker and biological aid. Three individuals have enforcement authority. This is enough staff to adequately administer the snipe/ woodcock and small game hunts. Some additional enforcement assistance may be necessary for the initial years of the Sandstone archery deer hunt. Additional personnel, usually volunteers or paid temporary employees are required to administer the Rice Lake firearm deer hunt.

VI. Measures Taken to Avoid Conflicts

A. Biological Conflicts

A primary concern would be disturbance or taking of bald eagles. Bald eagles nest, and congregate on Rice Lake unit during spring and fall. Bald eagles also use Sandstone Unit periodically. Hunter activity may disturb roosting eagles from time to time, but because of the timing and location of the hunts and relatively small number of hunters involved, disturbance is not expected to be significant. There is potential that an eagle may be shot by hunters. There has been one incident (October, 1982) where a bald eagle with a gun shot wound was found on the Refuge. If eagle shooting or disturbance continues or increases, hunting closure will be considered.

There would be some disturbance to all refuge wildlife, but the limited area and low numbers of hunters involved would not cause significant problems. If the situation changes an adjustment in the appropriate hunt(s) would be made.

11.

B. Public Use Conflicts

Some disturbance to other public use is expected, though contacts between hunter and non hunters would be infrequent. The greatest influence would be closure of the refuge to all other users during the proposed firearm deer hunt. Restrict­ing the firearm deer hunt to a few days would minimize dis­ruption.

c. Administrative Conflicts

The various hunts proposed require staff time and financial resources that could be directed toward habitat or other management. The deer hunt is the only hunt that would have direct management implications. The others would be primary recreational. Current funding and manpower is marginally sufficient to supp6rt hunts that have been on going (Rice Lake Unit small game and deer firearm). New hunts would require additional funding for start up and annual costs.

VII. Conduct of Hunt

A. Refuge Regulations

Proposed hunts for small game, woodcock, snipes and archery deer would be in accordance with state regulations. Firearm deer hunting would be in accordance with applicable state regulation and the following refuge special regulations.

1. Season dates may vary but will include the second Saturday of the state firearm deer season, continuing for one to three days dependant on habitat condition and deer l population. 1\~

2. A valid special area permit is required to enter th~~ Refuge. - }

3. ~1-i hunters will eftter at specified locatio'As ealy.

4--. Hunters !Mlst s'beck in and may be ea tbe ref1.1:ge bet•.Jeen 5.30 :MVI ana 6.ee PM

5. Vehicles are restricted to designated roads and must park in designated areas.

6.

7.

No road hunting is permitted. .At CO ~p pjte~ l

The headquarters area is closed to hunting. ~ ~ ~

12.

8.

9.

Only portable blinds and stands which are removed from the refuge each day are permitted. No permanent blinds, nails or other materials not easily removed are permitted.

·0 ~1\l\)b p..'~Jl ,;PO

. ""'{l Only deer (any age/ sex) may be taken. All other spec~es \

10.

11.

12.

13.

B.

(except small game in designated areas) are protected.

Parties of up to four are permitted. All members of al~~ party may return and hunt as long as there is an unfilled q_lC\~ tag in the party. Only those registered as a party may hunt as a party.

Overnight stays are not permitted.

Pi:'e-iu~nt scouting of refuge areas Rot Rormally ope'rr to 9lc;~ the ~uslis i& permitted oaly a~ring the sched~led fall ref~§e opeR hou&e

All hunters must pay a fee to participate in the firearms deer hunt.

Anticipated Public Reaction

Since most of the proposed hunts on Rice Lake Unit are a continuation of on going refuge hunts which have been well received, public reaction would likely be favorable. Addition of the snipe/woodcock hunt on Rice Lake Unit would t.J6W probably be supported. L ~\~ Initiation of archery deer, small game and snipe/ woodcock hunting on Sandstone Unit would also be received favorably by most of the public in the area. Opposition to Refuge hunts cannot be ~uled out, but is not considered likely.

c. Hunter Application, Selection and Registration

Only the proposed firearm deer hunt would require special accommodation. Rice Lake unit is a state designated special permit area. Hunters apply to the refuge for a special permit using the state doe permit application which is part of all purchased deer hunting licenses. Each application must be accompanied by a fee payment. Selections are made by a random drawing from qualified applicants. Successful applicants would be notified by mail and sent a validated special use permit. Hunters must posses a validated permit to enter the refuge and register as they enter each day of the hunt. Similar administration would be implemented for Sandstone Unit if needed.

13.

D. Media Selection

Information concerning hunting would be published in state hunting regulations and provided to all regional·newspapers.

E. Orientation and Scouting

No special hunter orientation would be planned. Hunters would be encouraged to scout hunting areas during spring and fall open house events.

F. Hunter Requirements

Hunters must possess an applicable, valid Minnesota hunting license or other documents which permit hunting according to State law.

A special Refuge permit is required for deer hunting on Rice Lake Unit. Rice Lake Unit deer hunters are required to report their harvest, if any, at the end of each hunting day. Similar requirements would be implemented for any firearm deer hunt on Sandstone Unit.

T. 42

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Compatibility Determination

Station Name: Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Establishing Authorities:

Initial Authorization

1. Executive Order 7221, Octobei 31, 1935

Date Established: October 31, 1935

Certain Lands Were Acquired Under One or More of the Following Authorizations.

2. Migratory Bird Conservation Act (16 u.s.c. 715-715r) 3. Refuge Recreation Act (16 u.s.c. 460K-460K-4) 4. Act Authorizing Transfer of Real Property (16 U.S.C.460K-1)

Purpose for Which Established:

Executive Order 7221 established Rice Lake NWR as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife.

The Migratory Bird Conservation Act as amended, authorizes land acquisition for use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds.

The Refuge Recreation Act as amended, authorizes land acquisition for incidental fish and wildlife oriented recreational development, the protection of natural resources and conservation of endangered or threatened species.

The Real Property Transfer Act authorizes land acquisition for its particular value in carrying out the national migratory bird management program.

Description of Proposed Use:

1) Rice Lake NWR will be open to public hunting for snipe, woodcock, ruffed, spruce and sharptailed grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, grey and fox squirrel and deer as proposed in the 1990 Hunting Plan revision.

2) Approximately 2,200 acres of Rice Lake Unit and 1,300 acres of Sandstone Unit of Rice Lake NWR will be open for snipe, woodcock and small game hunting. All of Rice Lake Unit (except 80 acres) closed area and 1,300 acres of Sandstone Unit will be open for deer hunting as delineated in the Hunting Plan.

3) All hunting would be conducted in accordance with State hunting seasons, except deer firearm hunting will be limited to a 2 to 3 day period during the State firearm deer season.

4) On-refuge hunting will be administered and supervised by refuge staff and funding utilizing the most cost effective method to accomplish established goods within constraints of established law, policy and funding. In most cases hunting will be in accordance with State season and regulation.

5) Hunting will be conducted 1) to prevent over population of area deer herd and 2) provide public opportunity for wildlife oriented recreation.

Anticipated Impacts on Refuge Purposes:

Hunting as proposed will kill an estimated 400-600 animals that are target species as proposed including the two migratory birds (woodcock and snipe) that will be hunted.

Hunter activity will disturb other wildlife species causing temporary displacement and disruption of normal behavior in those areas open to hunting.

Hunters will compete with and sometimes interfere with other public uses of the refuge.

Hunter safety and the safety of non hunting users and refuge staff is a concern.

Development of some hunter use facilities will eliminate wildlife habitat at specific sites.

Lead shot deposition on uplands and wetland areas, and secondary ingestion may be a concern.

Taking or disturbing endangered species is a concern.

Stipulations That Would Make a Use Compatible with Refuge Purposes:

Hunting as proposed in the revised Hunting Plan is limited in a number of respects which in total accomplish the established hunt program goals without significantly adversely affecting overall refuge purposes and objectives. Limitations include:

- migratory bird hunting limited to snipe and woodcock. Hunting pressure is expected to be minimal for these species.

-·areas open for hunting are limited in size and location significantly reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on most migratory birds, endangered species, or other refuge uses.

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the number of firearm deer hunters and firearm deer season is limited to reduce disturbance or safety concerns.

- approved non-toxic shot will be required for all migratory and non-migratory bird hunting.

Justification:

With proposed hunting area or hunter number limitations, public hunting on Rice Lake NWR will not have a significant adverse affect on refuge purposes. Based on past experience on Rice Lake Unit, a combination of relatively low hunter use of an appropriately sized and placed hunting area will permit attainment of established refuge objectives.

Determination:

Therefore, Public hunting, as proposed in the 1990 revised Hunting Plan is compatible with the purposes for which Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge was established.

Determined by: //"- /- ~G.

Date

Reviewed by: /;ft/r~ Date

Concurred

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

for the

Opening of Portions of Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge to Public Hunting as Proposed in the 1990 Revised Hunting Plan

Abstract:

Rice Lake and Sandstone Units Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge Ai tk.in and Pine Counties, Minnesota

Regional Director . u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Building, Fort Snelling Twin Cities, Minnesota 55111

(612) 725-3507

The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to conduct a bunting program for several species of wildlife on the Rice Lake and

.. Sandstone Units of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Species proposed for bunting include ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, sharp­tailed grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel, fox squirrel, woodcock, snipe and white-tailed deer. The continuation of certain hunting programs and the opening of a new hunting program is desired ·to provide the public with an opportunity to · participate in outdoor recreation and to use a renewable natural resource. The firearm deer bunt would be conducted to remove a portion of the refuge deer herd so that deer do not become overabundant. Alternatives considered in this action include: A) Continuation of the existing hunting program (no action), B) Implementation of the new hunting program~ C) Close refuge to . public hunting and D) Alternative B plus opening of additional···· areas of Rice Lake Unit for small game hunting. ·

Por ·further information contact: John Lindell, Refuge Manager Rice Lake NWR. · .· Route 2, Box 67 McGregor, Minnesota 55760 (218) 768-2402

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PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION

Section 1.1 Background/Introduction

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The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to conduct a hunting program for several species of wildlife on portions of the two units of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge. The areas on which hunting is proposed include approximately 2,200 acres of the 18,104 acre Rice Lake Unit, Aitkin County, Minnesota and 1,300 acres of the sandstone Unit, Pine County, Minnesota. Location of the proposed action is shown in exhibits l-3. The proposed action would result in the harvest of approximately 400-600 animals of the species open for hunting each year. ·

The proposed hunting program is desired to:

l) Manage the Refuge White-tailed Deer Herd. The goal of the management program is to prevent the deer herd from becoming· ... overabundant, which would cause habitat degradation and increase .·.:·. · potential for disease within the herd. Few natural predators are · present on the Sandstone ·and Rice Lake Units. ·

2) Provide Public Recreational Use. The program would provide the·· ·· public with an opportunity to participate in outdoor recreation and to use a renewable natural resource.

3) Protect Visitor Safety •.. The program would provide the public . . . with a safe hunting program by controlling the number of hunters··,: _.. · and access points for deer hunting and by limiting the number of · access points for small game hunting.

. ,· .. CUrrently a portion of the Rice Lake Unit is open to small game hunting and there is a 3-day controlled deer hunt on the entire unit except for a closed area around the headquarters •. · All hunting, except the deer hunt, which is pursuant to refuge regulations, is in accordance with state seasons and regulations •

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Presently, the Sandstone Unit is closed to all hunting and there . , ~ has never been legal hunting on. tbe . Unit while .. in. Service .. ::· . ~·· ~-. jurisdiction. · . . . ·~·.; ·. ·< .. :. . . .::.·: ;:: .. :· .. =:···.: ·:· .i::_;·::~_~)/,··::~~::::;:. ~-_:):;.~·· .

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The Refuge Recr~ation Act of 1962 (16 u.s.c. 460k) and the National.· ·· · · Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 ( 16 u.s.c. 668 . · ... · dd-ee) provide authorization for hunting on National Wildlife · :,_,·_~·r·~~ ,\ Refuges. Further information on these acts is available in Section : . > ·. , .. · · II of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge Bunting Plan.; The .· . .- · ·. · · : effects of hunting on refuges have been examined in environmental : · · review documents including the Final Environmental Statement on the Operation of the National Wildlife Refuge System ( 1976), · Recommendations on the Management of the National Wildlife Refuge .

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system (1978) and the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Management of the National Wildlife Refuges (1988).

In documents such as these, the Service has determined that hunting can be an acceptable, traditional form of wildlife oriented recreation, provided it is compatible with refuge objectives and provides a quality experience. The Service may also use hunting as a wildlife management tool to regulate populations and to prevent significant damage to refuge habitats.

Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge was authorized by Executive Order 7221, 1935 and the Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929. Purposes and objectives of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge are outlined in the Rice Lake NWR Hunting Plan, Sections II and III.

Section 1.2 Decisions That Reed to be Made

The Regional Director, u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota, is the official responsible for determining the action to be taken in the proposal. ~e Regional Director also decides whether the selected action is a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.

section 1. 3 Issues and Concerns

The Fish and Wildlife Service bas the following concerns:

that deer populations or periodic concentrations of deer may increase to levels t~at cause habitat degradation or high potential for animal diseases.

- that the proposed bunting is conducted in the safest possible manner.

- that there is an opportunity for public outdoor recreation · without significant adverse affect on target species base populations~ non-target species or endangered species.

that there would be sufficient funds for the field station to . . . ·. . . develop and to conduct the proposed hunting.. · · ~

- that the deposition of toxic shot may have an adverse affect upon animal species using the area.

concerns of the public must be addressed if raised (possible.·· , · · ... issues include anti-hunting and safety).

At a public meeting on the management of the Sandstone Unit, 30 November 1989, the public expressed an interest in opening public .. hunting on the Sandstone Unit. The only issue regarding hunting · was whether sharp-tailed grouse populations should be allowed 4-S .

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years to reach a large population before they become a legal species. No other issues have been raised by the public regarding this proposal.

section 1. 4 Perm! ts, Licenses, and Other Campllances Required

Permits: No Federal, State or local permits or licenses are required for a refuge public hunting program.

Endangered Species: Three Federal endangered/threatened species use Rice Lake National Wildlife·Refuge. Bald eagles nest on the Rice Lake Unit and use both units for roosting and feeding, primarily during spring and fall migration. Most migrational use is on Rice Lake. One bald eagle nest site on Rice Lake Unit is in the small game hunting area. This nest site was established after the area was opened to hunting and has remained active. Most nest site use has been completed by the start of the yearly hunting seasons.

Gray wolves have occasionally used the Rice Lake Unit and have been itinerate visitors at the Sandstone Unit. Wolf-hunter encounters would be very .unlikely.

Peregrine falcons migrate through both units occasionally. Encounters between hunters and pergrine falcons would be very unlikely.

Because of temporal and spatial differences in use of areas, . frequency of contact between hunters and endangered species would be very low. Therefore, the proposed bunting program on Rice Lake · National Wildlife Refuge would not affect Federal endangered/threatened species.

Historic Preservation: The proposed bunting program would have no effect on significant historical properties. Most areas where

· known resources are located would not be open to bunting. In areas · open to hunting, the conduct of hunting itself would not cause or involve soil disturbance. Where new facilities may be required, · the Section 106 process of the National Historic Preservation Act will be followed •

ALTERNATIVES

section 2.1 Introduction

This chapter will explain how alternatives were formulated, describe alternatives, compare alternatives, and identify the preferred alternative.

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Se~tion 2.2 Formulation of Alternatives

Alternatives were developed that would meet Service needs of biological management of the white-tailed deer population, public recreational use, protection of visitor safety and economic viability. Alternatives were also developed to address issues raised at a public meeting on future management of the Sandstone Unit, 30 November 1989, concerning a public hunting program.

Section 2.3 Alternatives Eliminated Pram Detailed Study

Several actions were eliminated from detailed study because they ·. 1) would result in unacceptable disturbance to non-target species, including endangered species and waterfowl, 2) would disrupt other· refuge public use or would be unsafe, and 3·) would require personnel or funding resources beyond those currently available or which could realistically be expected. Alternatives eliminated from detailed study were:

1. Allow waterfowl hunting on the refuge pursuant to· State and Federal regulations. · Although all three reasons listed above apply, the high level of . . . disturbance to bald eagles (10-30) and waterfowl ,:_ :_;_ .. -. _ .. (up to 100,000) which use the 4,500 acre Rice Lake :·. ... ·· would be unacceptable. ·.. · ,. · ·

2. Allow deer hunting according to State season and regulation on the Rice Lake Unit. The primary

/{:; !~~~=c!~iye;=t!::~ :i:t;~~::r:.be · ·;;:;,{(·:;,t :~:~;_:.:r{'_:_: 3. Open all of the Rice Lake and Sandstone Unit lands to:.:~·- · .: .. ··" ....... .-;. · small game hunting pursuant to State season, and .... -~ .. ~ .. · .... ·€

· .. ~·- ·.. regulations. Primary reasons for elimination were·:.···., :'-.:._

~HiL .• ~ction 2.4 De::;::~ 0:~::::::pec1es, econanic viabt~t':~!~·-.';i:~~ ·::_J;;;;~::.~-'- .. ·· 'rhe service developed four alternatives for detailed ~lysis ~··:r,~;~:~.:~-~~-'~: . .-:~-.--~'-'>.:.~ :1r· These alternatives respond to the issues and concerns in. Section_~~:~:·-::::r?~-:~:. :·. :: .. ~- .... ·. ' .. , . 1 3 . . .. , - . ... ·'·· ..... : ... ~··:<,,. .... •.::·: .... 1 • ' ~.- ~ •. •·, '.' .. •' • • ·,~. '•; :,r"' .. : .. l. ... • •. .. . . ... • ... . · .. : ...... ~~ •.

:/ .. ~.:·-: .. ·. Alternative A. Continuation of Existing Program {No Actiont_:· ::;:·:<··?~~--.-_:;:~-~:f;':·~ .~~-••• • • • .: .... : • 0 ~ •• • • •• .• '!, ·:.. • ... · ...... -. .

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This alternative would continue the hunting programs held under the_·~-:~:,_;:,:,-.~~ existing approved hunting plan, including small game hunting on a·-:; .. ;?.'··· . :_ portion of the Rice Lake Unit and a special 2-3 day deer hunt on· ·J_-;·_ :·•

the Rice Lake Unit. Sandstone Unit would remain closed to public hunting.

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s The existing hunting program on the Rice Lake Unit allows small game hunting on 2, 200 acres (Exhibit 2) and deer hunting on approximately 18,000 acres (Exhibit 3). Legal species for small game hunting include ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel and fox squirrel. Bag limits and season lengths are pursuant to state regulations. Ruffed grouse are the most sought after species and approximately 20-50 are killed by refuge hunters each year. Fewer than 15 rabbits or squirrel are killed by hunters each year.

White-tailed deer hunting is a 2-3 day hunt with access limited to 100-102 hunters, randomly chosen through a special permit system. Access and parking areas are controlled and an enforcement officer as well as other refuge employees are on the refuge during legal hunting hours. For the past decade,· forty to fifty deer (retrieved animals) have been harvested each year without apparent adverse influence on the population.

Alternative B. Implementation of the New Hunting Plan

Detailed information concerning goals, objectives and complete description of the bunting plan is . available in the attached · ·. · Hunting Plan for the Rice Lake Wildlife Refuge.

Rice Lake urd t

With this alternative, approx~ately 2,200 acres in the southeast . portion (Exhibit 2) of the Rice Lake Unit would be opened to woodcock, snipe and upland game (ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel and fox squirrel) hunting. 'rhis portion of the Rice Lake Unit has 'been open to upland game hunting under the current hunting program. 'rhe area contains good representative habitat for hunted species and it has few. areas where conflicts might occur 'between hunters and non­target or endangered species. The area provides adequate public access and facilities, and can 'be easily delineated for. law .... :·: · · · · enforcement and public identification purposes, which helps protect· ·:·:·:. ;· ~ hunter safety. Bag limits and season lengths would be pursuant to ·· state regulations. Use of non-toxic shot would·be required.

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-~~~-:?~·;:· .. : _:;_._ All of the Rice Lake Unit would be open to firearm deer hunting·: .. ;.;:_::(·.­~ . ' except for approximately 80 acres surrounding the headquarters ; ·,t:::~~·~ · ··

(Exhibit 3). This would be the same as the current deer hunt·.·.·.·.·'··.·.;·

. ·.; ... :,· .. · .... .program which was initiated in 1979 (covered in Alternative A) • . : . ·.... : Controlled access, delineated parking areas and presence of refuge . . . . . . ~ ·~ employees would be continued to protect hunter safety and provide·. : .. . ;" .·· . public outdoor recreation~ To prevent deer from becoming·.·--;.{~;.:·.· overabundant, the Service would maintain current harvest. levels .. ,., ·:. · · :. (40-50 deer per year).

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Sandstone Unit

Approximately 1,300 acres of the Sandstone Unit, (Exhibit l), south of Deer creek, would be opened to upland game (ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel and fox squirrel), common snipe and woodcock hunting. The area has easily definable boundaries and representative habitat for hunted species. Hunter encounters with non-target species (bald eagles and waterfowl) might occur, but because of a minimal area of suitable wetland habitat for non­target species, encounters would be minimized. There is some public concern that sharp-tailed grouse populations will be adversely affected by hunting. Therefore, Sandstone Unit may be closed to sharp-tailed grouse hunting at times·to protect a core population, in coordination with Minnesota DNR. The closed area on the Sandstone Unit contains good sharp-tailed grouse habitat which would provide a refuge area for grouse.

Sandstone Unit would be opened to archery deer buntin; pursuant to State season and regulation. 'l'o prevent deer from· becoming overabundant, the Service may hold a special controlled permit firearm bunt on a weekend during the State firear.m season.

Implementation of hunting on the Sandstone Unit would be dependent upon additional yearly funding to provide for safe public outdoor recreation.

Alternative c. Close Refuge to Public Hunting

Both the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units would be closed to all public hunting. Upland game (ruffed grouse, spruce grouse~ cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel and fox squirrel), woodcock, snipe and white-tailed deer would not be hunted on Rice Lake and Sandstone Units. Because of the scarcity of natural predators, deer populations could increase to levels which would· cause habitat degradation or high potential for disease. Deer populations would be controlled by Service employees if required. Safety concerns, funding levels, and potential for adverse affects on non target species or endangered species would be minimal since no hunters would be present.

Alternative D. Alternative B Plus £f:ning Additional Areas of the Rice Lake Unit For Small Game Hunt ng ·

With this alternative, 1500-3000 additional acres of the Rice Lake Unit would be opened to small game hunting (Exhibit 4) • Additional public use facilities would be built and maintained and increased staff time allocated to administer public hunting. Increased public access may result in adverse effects on non-tar;et species or endangered species because of increased potential for hunter/non-target species encounters.

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Section 2.5 Cam,parison of Alternatives

Alter­native

Public Hunting Deer Compatible Oppor- population w/refuge tunity control purposes

Endangered Species/ non target

spp protected Safety

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Staff time or

funds required

------------------------------------------------------------------------A + (current program)

B + + + (new hunting program)

c + + (no public hunting)

D + + (alternative B plus add'l acres)

++ exceeds goals + meets goals - does not meet goals · · .

-- adversely impacts goals

section 2.6 Preferred Alternative

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+ (if add'l

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+ + funds allocated)

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The preferred alternative is the Implementation of the New Hunting Plan (Alternative B). ..:--" .· .... ··

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• • • 0. ·:~ • : •• . ' ... ··' AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

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The affected environment section describes the· environmental · .. ·. components of the area that would affect or be affected by the : · · . implementation of an alternative. · · . . . .·

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The Rice Lake National Wildlife· Refuge is· camposed ·of two units~·:·.·.· ' The Rice Lake Unit is located in Aitkin County, Minnesota', approximately 120 miles north of Minneapolis/St. Paul, encompassing 18,104 acres. The Sandstone Unit includes 2,045 acres located in ·· .. ·:· .. Pine County, Minnesota, approximately , 40 miles southeast of the·'\/~:~:::=•·~,·:­Rice Lake Unit and 80 miles north· of Minneapolis/St~ . Paul;~:.:·.Y>:· • Administrative offices for Rice Lake NWR are located on the Rice ·:; · ~ · · Lake Unit. . .. ·' ..... .

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~ : .· ....... _: :. . .... . . ... Rice Lake NWR was authorized by Executive Order 7221 on 31 October, 1935. The order states, in part, that "the lands are set apart as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife." Some portions of Rice Lake NWR were acquired under the-'··. : . authority of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act ( 16 USC 715) "for · ......

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use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds."

Habitat types on the Rice Lake Unit include wetlands (10,800 acres), forest/brushland (5,300 acres), grassland (1,448 acres), cropland (250 acres) and administrative (306 acres).

Abundant natural foods, particularly wild rice and wild celery, have attracted wildlife to the area for centuries. The refuge is especially noted for its fall concentrations of ring-necked ducks, which often number over SO,OOO birds. Several waterfowl species including mallards, ring-necked ducks, wood ducks, blue-winged teal and canada geese remain to nest during the summer months. Range of population estimates for primary target species ( 1987-1989) is listed below: ·

White-tailed deer Ruffed grouse Woodcock Common Snipe Gray/Red Squirrel Cottontail/Snowshoe Hare

Sandstone Unit

250-350 200-600 100-125 70-150

300-400 so

The Sandstone Unit of Rice Lake NWR was transferred to the u.s. Pish and Wildlife Service from the Bureau of Prisons, Department of · Justice in 1970. TWo thousand two-hundred acres was transferred to the Service "for use in carrying out the national migratory bird. management program." In 1986, approximately 196 acres of the 1970 acquisition was traded to the Village of Sandstone, Minnesota in a complex Federal, State, Village transaction for lands incorporated into Minnesota Valley NWR. Current Sandstone Boundary encompasses 2,045 acres. Habitat types include wetlands (160 acres), forest/brushland (1,560), grassland (280 acres) and administrative

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(45 acres). Predominant woodland vegetation includes sugar maple, basswood, aspen, paperbirch, red and white pine, and several oak species. Primary old field vegetation includes brome grass, timothy, and bluegrass with mixed forbs such as goldenrod, asters, and milkweed. Most grassland areas are cut for hay yearly.

There is little animal population data for the Sandstone Unit. General observation and available Minnesota DNR data indicate that deer, upland game, woodcock and snipe populations are present in sufficient numbers to maintain a hunting program. White-tailed deer are frequently seen on the Sandstone Unit and .adjacent Federal Correctional Institute (FCI). FCI personnel frequently comment on observing groups of 40 to 60 deer •. DNR pellet count data for the surrounding area indicate an estimated white-tailed deer density of approximately 20-25 deer per square mile.

DNR 10 mile ruffed grouse drumming counts in Pine County over a five year period, range from a low of near 0 to a high of near 60.

Climate is mid continental characterized by warm summers and cold winters with extreme seasonal temperature fluctuations. Average annual precipitation is 28 inches.

· Topography is primarily flat to rolling, with the exception of the relatively deep (80-120 ft.) canyon carved by the Kettle River.

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" Peregrine Falcons migrate through the unit. Bald eagles migrate through and nest in the vicinity of the Sandstone Unit. Gray (timber) wolves may rarely pass through the area.

There are no known archaeologic sites on the area. < . . . .

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Alternative A. Continuation of Existing Hunting Program (No Action)

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ii~LU. The current hunting program would remain in effect. -•. > • _;·,;.z~~j~~;-, . . Target species on areas open to hunting would continue to be . · · ... ~~ :.; . ....

. "'::.~. ·· killed. The number of animals killed by on refuge hunters varies· ..... · · : ·:·. yearly. The following ranges are typical: ruffed grouse 80-120 /·.': .. -": <~> ;

•• f :. ·• deer 40-50. Generally fewer than 20 of each of the remaining : : ·· "· >.":" ~ ·i·'·:·~' .. · · huntable species are taken. The number of animals fatally wounded·.-··:~··:.-,.: .. ···-::: .

. · ·. but not collected is unknown, but estimated to be an additional 10 . ·.;. · ... ·~· · to 30 percent. Assuming that habitat conditions remain good, this ·· .. ·. "· · level of target species taken, ranging from less than 1\ to 25\ depending on species and population variables, would not adversely impact base population levels or long tern population trends. If · ... hunting became a significant adverse influence, hunting would be halted.

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Hunter activity would disturb other wildlife species causing temporary displacement or disruption of normal behavior in those areas open to hunting.

Lead shot is deposited primarily on upland areas open to hunting. Adverse effects of upland lead shot deposition is currently unknown. There may be potential for indirect lead poisoning of bald eagles if an eagle ingested lead shot in an animal killed or wounded by hunters.

At times unsurfaced parking areas are rutted and soil is exposed or compacted by vehicle travel.

Deer populations would remain at high densities on the Sandstone Unit, which would increase disease potential and possibility for damage to habitat from overbrowsing.

Alternative B. Implementation of the New Bunting Plan

The new hunting plan would be implemented under this alternative.

Target species .on areas open to hunting would be killed. The number of animals killed by refuge hunters varies yearly. Based on previous information, the projected total harvest on the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units is: 180-220 ruffed/spruce grouse and generally less than 40 of each of -the remaining small game species. Estimates of deer harvest by unit and hunt type are: Sandstone archery - 15, Sandstone firearm (if opened) - 30, 'Rice Lake Firearm - 40-50. The number of antmals fatally wounded but not collected is unknown, but estimated to be an additional 10-30 percent. Assuming that habitat conditions remain good, this level of target species harvest, ranging from less that 1\ to 25\ depending on species and population variables, would not adversely impact base population levels or long term population trends. If hunting became a significant adverse influence, hunting would be halted~

Bunter activity would disturb other wildlife species causing temporary displacement or disruption of normal behavior in those areas open to hunting.

There would be no adverse effects from shot deposition because non~ toxic (steel) shot would be required.

At ti.Jnes, unsurfaced parking areas would. be rutted and soil would. be exposed or compacted by vehicle travel.

The deer herds on the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units would be managed by controlled hunts, therefore Service concerns about habitat degradation and disease would be minimized.

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~lternative c. Close Refuge to Public Hunting

This action would close all refuge lands to public hunting. No animals would be killed by hunters. 'l'he service would be concerned about habitat degradation and disease because of overabundant deer. Deer populations would be controlled by Service employees if required. However, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources may object to this method of deer population control because of the removal of public opportunity to hunt. 'l'he basis for discussion of this issue with the State would be primarily socio-political. This alternative would remain a biologically valid alternative.

Few, if any, environmental consequences would be anticipated with this alternative. Because there would not be a hUnting program, Service concerns about hunter safety, funding, impact on non-target species, and toxic shot deposition would be minimal. With this · alternative there would be no public outdoor recreation opportunity.

Alternative D. Alternative B Plus Opening Additional Areas of the· Rice Lake Unit for small Game Hunting.

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'l'he number of animals harvested by hunters would be expected to be . : · .:: 50-100 percent· more than with Alternative B.. Projected total · ·· · harvest on the Rice Lake and· Sandstone Units wculd be: 280-320 ruffed/spruce grouse, and generally less than 40 of each of the remaining small game species. Estimates of deer harvest by unit,. .. and hunt type are: Sandstone archery - 15, Sandstone firearm (if ·.: ): ~·:- · ... opened) - 30, Rice Lake firearm - 40-SO. 'l'he number of animals .. ·.·./;>· fatally wounded but not collected is unknown, but estimated to be · ...... ·· · an additional 10-30 percent. Assuming that habitat conditions ·. ·/· remain good, this level of target species harvest, ranging from.··.~~·.-:·.· less than 1\ to 25\, depending on species and population variables,·. . ·. ~-· . would not adversely impact base population levels or long term:.:~~·:,.::./-:_;. ·oc~ population trends. If hunting became a significant adverse · :.· .;: ·: ·. influence,· hunting would be halted. >.: •·· .

. · .. . . .. ... . Bunter activity would disturb ·other wildlife species, causing· .. :-·:.::·~':":.·· .. :-~ .. ~·... temporary displacement or disruption of normal behavior in those~;~:~ .• )~~"~:;:-~-· < . ~·>· · areas .open to hunting. Disturbance to non-target (waterfowl) and·':.·"·.······ . .!, ·~·

·· . endangered species (bald eagle) may increase because the area of·· .. '· . · :_ , .... wetland habitat within or adjacent to the open hunting area would . .::.L •. ·: .. . · · ... ·. increase. . · . · - . · . . ; ·: ·. :_:;: :· . .. . . . ··. ::~··. . . '· . . .. ·; : .... ~.:· :··.. . . . . · ... ..,; ..

. . ..

'1'here would be no adverse effects from shot deposition because non.: .. ,. .. _..~·. toxic (steel) shot would be required. . · · ·

At times, unsurfaced parking areas would be rutted and soil would be exposed or compacted by vehicle travel. Unless new parking areas are built, the area of landscape damage would be lS-20\ more ;.:. ·· .. than alternative B. ·

~·. . . . ..

12

The deer herd on the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units would be managed by controlled hunts, therefore Service concerns about habitat degradation and disease would be minimized.

LIST OF PREPARERS

This environmental assessment was prepared by:

John Lindell Refuge Manager, Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge M.A. Wildlife Ecology, The University of South Dakota, 1971 Project Leader at Rice Lake NWR since November 1987 Responsible for draft and approval of draft

Thomas Kerr Co-op Ed Student Trainee (Biology), Rice Lake NWR B.S. Biology, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, May 1988 M.S. Zoology, The Ohio State University, August 1991 5 months trainee experience since September 1988 on Rice Lake NWR, responsible for draft revisions •.

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION WITH OTBERS

The Area Wildlife Manager and Habitat Specialist for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Hinckley, MN were consulted in the development of Sandstone Unit habitat management and hunting plans.

'l'he Area Wildlife Manager~ Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Aitkin, MN was consulted regarding Rice Lake Unit hunting.

A public meeting was held at the Sandstone High School on 30 November, 1989 regarding management of the Sandstone Unit including proposed hunting. The meeting was advertised in 8 local and regional newspapers and in letters to 27 individuals (public officials, DNR, local landowners and conservation groups). Twenty­one people attended the meeting. See attached copy of the meeting minutes for public comments (comments on hunting program are in the Public Use section). Public comments generally favored hunting as proposed except a majority of the comments favored a closed sharp­tailed grouse season until populations increased.

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[NVlROHMENTAL ACTJOH ~EMOR~NDUM --------· ·-·------ ..... ___ ---(REGION J)

Vtthfn tht sp1rtt and 1ntfnt etf th~ Counc11 on [nvtrontn(!'\tAl OualH.v's rtgulatfons for f~plementtng \he Natfnna1 Environmental Pnlfcy Act ("EPA) and oth!r statutes, orders, and poltctt~ that protP.tt ftsh and wfldlffe rtsources, I hav~ P.Stablfshtd the fo11owfng admfnfstrattve record and have determined that the actton of (d~scrtbe): The opening of portions of Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge to public hunting as proposed in the 1990 revised Hunting Plan •.

- ts a cetegor1ct1 exclusion as provtded by 516 DM 6 Appendix 1. No further documentetton w111 be made (see instructions on bact) •

• ts found not to have stgntftr.ant environmental effects as d!termtned by the attached [nvtrcnmental Assessment end Ftnd1ng of No S1gn1ftcAnt l""act.

Xl ts found to have special envfronmenta1 condftfons as descr1bed tn th~ • · athched [nvfron~ntal Asuu"'!nt. The attached Finding of teo Stgn1ftc11nt lmract w111 not be ffnal nor any actions taken pendfng 1 30-day per1od for l>l'hlft rev1ew (40 CFR l501.4(e)(2)).

- h found to have sfgnfffcant P.ffects. and therefore 1 •Nottce of lnte•,t" w111 ~ ruhlf~hed 1n the rederal Register to prrpare an Envfron~ntnl lmDact Statement before the.project Is consfdertd furt~er.

- 1s d!n1r~ because of envfron~ntal damagP., Sprvlcr policy. or ~andet~.

-han emerg~ncy sttuat1on. Only tho'e ectfons necessary to control thr. immedfate impacts of the pmprg~ncy w111 h~ taken. Other related actfon~ remsfn subject to NEPA revf!w.

Other su~portfng d)cuments (list):

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FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

OPENING OF PORTIONS OF THE RICE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE TO PUBLIC HUNTING AS PROPOSED IN THE 1990

REVISED HUNTING PLAN

The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to conduct a hunting program for several species of wildlife on the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge. The purpose of the proposed action is to provide the public with an opportunity to participate in outdoor recreation and to use a renewable natural resource. The firearm deer hunt would be conducted to remove a portion of the deer herd so that deer do not become overabundant. ·

For the reasons presented below and based on an evaluation of the information contained in the supporting references, I have determined that the opening of portions of Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge to public hunting, as proposed in the 1990 revised hunting plan, is not a major Federal action which would significantly affect the quality of the human environmental Policy Act of 1969. An Environmental Impact Statement will, accordingly not be prepared.

Reasons

1) There are no major adverse or secondary environmental effects.

2) Although an estimated 400-600 animals of the species designated open for hunting would be harvested each year, the opening of hunting as proposed would provide public recreation and use of a renewable natural resource without significantly adversely affecting base population or long term population trends.

3) As the Environmental Assessment indicates, no threatened or endangered species would be impacted.

4) No sites of cultural or historic significance would be impacted by the proposed hunting program.

Supporting References

Environmental Assessment Hunting Plan Compatibility Determination

~~T~T~@'jj~ ~LNDEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

500 LAFAYETIE ROAD • ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA • 55155-40 __

DHR INFORMATION (612) 296-6157

Mr. John Lindell Refuge Manager Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge Route 2, Box 67 McGregor, Minnesota 55760

Dear Mr. Lindell:

September 18, 1991

We have reviewed and concur with the following proposed changes to the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge hunting program:

1. Allow the harvest of woodcock and snipe on designated areas of the Rice Lake and Sandstone Units.

2. Require the use of non-toxic shot by all small game, woodcock and snipe hunters on both units.

3. Open 1,300 acres of the Sandstone Unit to small game, woodcock, snipe and archery deer hunting. To prevent overpopulation of deer, the Service may open the Sandstone Unit to a special permit firearm deer hunt (within the state season).

Thank you for the opportunity to review your program.

TPB:pmt

cc: Ed Boggess Tom Isley Henry Wulf Dave Dickey

Sincerely,

~--~~--L___ ~~~THY BREMICKER

Chief - Section of Wildlife

AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

.,. MRY 29 '92 12:11 RICE LRKE NWR MCGREGOR MN

I. Region 3

INTRA-SERVICE SECTION 7 EVALUATION FQ1lM CONSULTATION}CONFBRENCB/COHctJRRENCB

Originating Person: Thomas Kerr Rice Lake NWR

August 15, 1991

II. Service Activity: The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to conduct a hunting program for several species of wildlife on the Rice Lake·and Sandstone Units of the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Species proposed for hunting include ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel, fox squirrel, woodcock, snipe and white-tailed deer. ·

III. A. Listed species and/or their critical/essential habitat

1. Within the action area that will or may be affected: None

2. Within the action area that will not be affected: Bald Eagle - threatened Peregrine Falcon - endangered Gray Wolf - endangered

B. Proposed species and/or proposed critical hahitat

None

IV. Station Name and Action:

Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to conduct a hunting program for ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, gray squirrel, fox squirrel, woodcock, snipe and white-tailed deer on the Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Hunting on the Rice Lake Unit is a continuation of an existing hunting program and hunting on the Sandstone Unit is a new program. The areas on which small game hunting is proposed include approximately 2,200 acres of the 18,104 acre Rice Lake Unit and 1,300 acres of the 2,045 acre Sandstone Unit. Big game hunting would occur on approximately 18,000 acres of the Rice Lake Unit and 1,300 acres of the Sandstone Unit. Small game season dates and bag limits would be pursuant to state regulation. Firearm deer hunting would be a 3 day special hunt on Rice Lake Unit and if necessary, a weekend special hunt on the Sandstone Unit. Sandstone Unit would also be open to archery deer hunting per state season and regulation.

MnY 29 '92 12:12 RICE Lni<E I'I!.IR MCGREGOR Ml'l P.3-'8

v. Location (See exhibits 1,2,3)

Rice L~F.e 'Unit A. Aitkin County, Minnesota B. sections 25, 26, 35, 36 T47N, R24W

Oections JO, Jl T4iN, R23W S~ction 2 T46N, R24W

c. 5 miles south of McGregor, Minnesota

Sand~t.onP. lin i. t. A. Pin~ Cvw1ty, Mlnnesota B. Section~ 26, :n·, 34, 3S T42N, R20W ~. 2 miles south of Sandstone, Min~~sot~

VI. ~ction Objectives

The purpose of the proposed hunting program is Lo:

l) Manage the Retuge Wh1te-t.a1led The goal of the management program ia to prevent the deer herd from becoming overabundant, whi~h couHt c.:l\1!;~ habitat de.,radation and increase polenLial .fu.t d.i:i~d.:::ie within the h~rd.

2) ~rovide PUblic Recreational Use The prog~Am would provide the public with ~n opportunity Lo participc:tt~ .in outdoor recre•tion and to u~e a renewable natural resource.

Dates: Start: After September 1, 1992 (Opening of 1992 Small Game Hunting Season)

End: Ongoing

VII. Explanation ot impacts of il.cti on

...... ,0111114 ......

Rice Lake Unit; The portion of the unit open to amall game hunting 1s primarilY upland timber. Hunter use is generally light and most hunting activity is confined to logging roads and foot trails. Bald eagles nest on the Rice Lake Unit and use the Unit for roosting and feeding, prtmarilY during 3pring and fnll migration. Most migrational use occurs on 'Ri cP. T • .;~ke, 'Mo1'ndy Lake and the Rice River Pool (areas located au Lsidt: tlt~ lnmt.i.ny e~.rei:l) • One bald eagle nest si t.e on t.he Rice Lake Unit is in the small gamo hunting area. This nest was established after the area was opened to hunting &nd h~s remained active. Nest site use is· generally completed by the opening of the yearly hunting seasons. Peregrine falcons area generally confined to the more open, wetland areas and sightings are limited to one or two birds per year. Wolves visit the area on an infrequent basis and have actually been seen only once every 2-5 vears. No conflicts between hunterc and endangered/threatened species have been. noted since the area was tirst opened to upland game hunting in 19G9. Big g~e hunting usually occurs afLer bald eagles. c~nd pere9line falcon~ have migrated through the unit. Because of the short s~an of time for the deer hunt C2-3 days) and

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.·. MRY 29 '92 12:12 RICE LRKE NWR MCGREGOR MN

a limited. number of hunters ( 100 maxirnwn), encounters between hunters and wolves would be very unlikely.

P,4/8

Sandstone Unit: The portion of the unit open to hunting is primarily upland timber. It is expected that hunter use of the Sandstone Unit will be light. Bald eagles and pere~rine falcons migrate through the Sandstone Unit. Gray wolves are also infrequent visitors to the area. Because of differences in habitat use and timing of use, encounters between bald eagles, peregrine falcons, gray wolves and hunters are expected to be infrequent. Because of the short span of time for a firearm deer hunt (1-3 days) and a limited number of hunters, encounters between hunters and · wolves would be ve~y unlikely.

VIII. Effect determination and response requested

A. Listed species/critical/essential habitat:

Determination Response Requested

~ will not affect *concurrence beneficial effect concurrence

*formal consultation

is not likely to adversely affect concurrence *formal consultation

is likely to adversely affect formal consultation.

B. Proposed species/proposed critical habitat:

None

Remarks:

IX. Reviewing office evaluation.

A. Concur Nonconcurrence B. Conunents:

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Proposed Special Hunting Regulations

32.12 Migratory Game Birds

Minnesota

Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Hunting of woodcock and common snipe is permitted on designated areas of the refuge.